Photosensitive measuring drill rod device based on polarized light detection
By integrating the polarized light detection module in the photosensitive brazing device, the solar light incident angle is calibrated in real time, the monitoring error problem caused by changes in the solar light incident angle is solved, and high-precision and real-time soil erosion monitoring is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510374714.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-08
AI Technical Summary
When monitoring soil erosion, existing photosensitive detection technology is affected by changes in the incident angle of the sunlight, resulting in large errors in monitoring data, especially in complex geographical environments, which makes it difficult to achieve high-precision and real-time monitoring.
Polarized light detection technology is used to measure the incident angle of sunlight in real time through an integrated wire grid polarizer, and the data processing unit is used to calibrate the signal of the photosensitive detector to eliminate the error caused by changes in the incident angle.
It improves the accuracy and stability of soil erosion monitoring, and can provide high-precision and real-time soil change data in complex environments to adapt to various climatic and terrain conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN120275299A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photosensitive detection for online soil and water conservation monitoring, and particularly relates to a photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection. Background Technique
[0002] Soil and water loss is an environmental problem widely existing globally. Especially in areas with high agricultural activities, infrastructure construction, and frequent geological disasters, its impact on the ecological environment, agricultural production, and social economy is very significant. Soil and water loss not only leads to a decline in soil fertility and damage to surface vegetation, but may also trigger geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and warn of soil and water loss has become one of the key issues in the current environmental protection field.
[0003] Existing soil and water loss monitoring technologies mainly rely on means such as remote sensing technology, topographic mapping, sediment content analysis, etc. Although these methods can provide information at a macroscopic level, they have significant limitations in terms of accuracy, real-time performance, and data accuracy. Due to the limitations of spatial resolution and temporal resolution, remote sensing technology is difficult to conduct high-precision real-time monitoring of soil and water loss in local areas. In addition, traditional monitoring methods such as sediment content analysis are often based on fixed-point sampling with a long period and cannot reflect the dynamic changes of soil loss. Especially under extreme weather conditions, there are lack of timely and effective warning means. More importantly, monitoring means based on photosensitive detection technology have also been gradually applied to soil and water loss monitoring. Such methods usually sense the loss and changes of soil through photosensitive detectors buried on the ground surface. However, the use of photosensitive detectors faces challenges in the change of the incident angle of sunlight. Since the incident angle of sunlight changes continuously within a day, the light intensity sensed by the photosensitive array varies significantly at different time periods, making it difficult to accurately reflect the actual changes of the surface soil. The error caused by the change of the incident angle of sunlight greatly affects the accuracy of monitoring data. Especially in areas with complex terrain, the error is further amplified, making the existing photosensitive detection technology difficult to effectively adapt to various complex geographical environments.
[0004] Regarding this problem, although some existing technologies attempt to improve the monitoring accuracy and stability by increasing the detector density or adopting a multi-sensor fusion method, these methods still cannot overcome the fundamental error problem caused by the change in the incident angle of sunlight. Especially when the incident angle of sunlight changes significantly, it is difficult to effectively correct the output signal of the photosensitive detector, resulting in large errors in the monitoring data, which in turn affects the overall accuracy and practicality of soil erosion monitoring. Therefore, how to effectively eliminate the influence of the change in the incident angle of sunlight in soil erosion monitoring has become a key technical problem in improving the monitoring accuracy and stability. Against this background, the present invention proposes a photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection. By introducing polarized light detection technology, it accurately measures the incident angle of sunlight and performs real-time calibration, solving the monitoring error problem caused by the change in the incident angle of sunlight. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, it will be scattered, and the scattered light has different polarization states, which are closely related to the incident angle of sunlight. By detecting the polarization state of sunlight, the present invention can effectively analyze and correct the change in the incident angle of sunlight, and then compensate for the sensing position error of the photosensitive array, thereby ensuring high precision and high real-time performance in soil loss monitoring. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention proposes a photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection for monitoring soil erosion on the ground surface. The core innovation of this device lies in using polarized light detection technology to measure and compensate the change in the incident angle of sunlight in real time, solving the detection error problem caused by the change in the illumination angle, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of soil erosion monitoring.
[0006] A photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection for monitoring soil erosion on the ground surface, comprising: a photosensitive detection array, a polarized light detection module, a data processing unit, a power supply system, and a wireless communication module;
[0007] The photosensitive detection array, part of the detectors are buried in the soil and part are exposed on the ground surface;
[0008] The polarized light detection module is arranged on the surface of the photosensitive detection array and integrated on the photosensitive detection array;
[0009] The data processing unit is connected to the photosensitive detection array and the polarized light detection module, calculates the incident angle of sunlight through the identification of the polarization state, and then calibrates the photosensitive detection position to correct the perception result of the change in the surface soil;
[0010] The power supply system is used to provide electrical energy for the system;
[0011] The wireless communication module wirelessly transmits the calibrated soil change result to the monitoring end.
[0012] The present invention utilizes the characteristic that the polarization degree of light changes due to the scattering of sunlight at different angles in the atmosphere, and integrates a wire grid polarizer on the photosensitive detection array. By detecting polarized light, the accurate measurement of the incident angle of sunlight is realized, and the photosensitive detection signal is calibrated in real time by the data processing unit, thereby effectively eliminating the influence of the change of the incident angle on the monitoring result and greatly improving the accuracy of soil erosion monitoring. Description of the Drawings
[0013] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the existing photosensitive measuring rod.
[0014] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the error caused by sunlight incident at different angles. Detailed Embodiment
[0015] A photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to the present invention is designed to accurately monitor the dynamic changes of surface soil erosion. This embodiment details the composition structure, working principle and application method of the device.
[0016] The photosensitive measuring rod device of the present invention is mainly based on the detection principle of a photosensitive detection array, namely a linear array CCD. Part of the photosensitive detection array is buried in the soil and part is exposed on the ground surface. It senses the position and state of the soil by detecting the change of light intensity, such as Figure 1 shown. When soil erosion or deposition occurs on the ground surface, the detection signal of the photosensitive array will change, and these changes are transmitted to the data processing unit in real time and analyzed to generate monitoring data of the change of the ground surface soil.
[0017] The working principle of the photosensitive measuring rod is based on the sensitivity of the photosensitive detector to light intensity. The linear array CCD can judge the change of the position of the detection array by sensing the intensity of the incident light, and thus infer the change of the surface soil. When soil erosion occurs, the thickness of the soil layer above the photosensitive detector will change, resulting in a change in the position of the sensed light intensity. By analyzing these light intensity changes, the dynamic process of soil erosion can be effectively monitored.
[0018] The incident angle of sunlight changes continuously within a day over time. Especially in the morning and evening, the incident angle of sunlight is relatively low, while at noon it is close to vertical incidence. The response of the photosensitive detector to the intensity of the incident light is closely related to the incident angle. When sunlight irradiates at different angles, even if the soil conditions remain unchanged, the light intensity sensed by the photosensitive detector will change with the change of the angle, resulting in a deviation of the detection signal. The root cause of this error is that the response of the photosensitive detector depends not only on the soil coverage, but also on the angle of the incident light, such as Figure 2 shown. When sunlight is obliquely incident, the position detection error Δd brought can be expressed as follows:
[0019] Δh = d sinθ (1) where d is the distance from the incident surface to the photosensitive detector, and θ is the incident angle.
[0020] Due to this dynamic change in the incident angle of sunlight, when the photosensitive detector monitors soil erosion, it is difficult to distinguish whether the change in light intensity is caused by soil erosion or by changes in lighting conditions. This indistinguishable error will seriously affect the accuracy of soil erosion monitoring. Especially in environments with different weather conditions and complex terrain and landforms, the error may be further amplified.
[0021] Traditional monitoring techniques cannot effectively compensate for the error caused by this change in the incident angle, resulting in inaccurate monitoring results. Therefore, solving the problem of error caused by the change in the incident angle of sunlight is a key technical problem for the photosensitive measuring device to achieve high-precision soil erosion monitoring.
[0022] When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, it is scattered by air molecules, dust, and other particulate matter. This scattering effect causes the polarization state of the incident sunlight to change. According to Rayleigh scattering theory, sunlight exhibits certain polarization characteristics after scattering, and this polarization characteristic is closely related to the incident angle and scattering angle of sunlight. Specifically, when sunlight is incident on the ground surface at different angles, the scattered light has different degrees of polarization, which provides a basis for detecting the incident angle of sunlight.
[0023] Sunlight is essentially unpolarized light, that is, the electric field components are evenly distributed in all directions. When sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere, due to the scattering effect of atmospheric molecules on photons, part of the light is scattered. Among these scattered lights, the electric field component of the light perpendicular to the scattering direction is stronger, resulting in a higher degree of polarization of this light. The degree of polarization refers to the angle of the vibration direction of the electric field of the scattered light relative to a certain reference direction, and is usually related to the scattering angle and the incident angle. When sunlight irradiates the ground surface at different times, due to the change in the incident angle of sunlight, the degree of polarization of the scattered light will change significantly. Especially in the atmosphere, the polarization characteristics of the scattered light will show the following rules: when the sun is at a low angle close to the horizon (such as in the morning and evening), the path of sunlight through the atmosphere is longer, and the scattering effect is enhanced. At this time, the degree of polarization of the scattered light is higher, and the degree of polarization is more obvious in the horizontal plane. This means that the electric field vector of the light mainly oscillates in the horizontal plane direction. Therefore, the polarized light sensed by the photosensitive detector has strong directionality, and the incident angle of the sun can be inferred by measuring the degree of polarization. When the sun is at a high angle close to noon, the path of the incident sunlight is relatively short, and the scattering effect is weakened. At this time, the degree of polarization of the scattered light is close to vertical distribution, and the electric field vector tends to oscillate perpendicular to the incident direction. Although the degree of polarization is relatively low at this time, the specific incident angle of sunlight can still be inferred by detecting the degree of polarization of the polarized light. The degree of polarization P(θ) of sunlight can be calculated by the following formula:
[0024]
[0025] Among them, θ is the incident angle, and P0 is the degree of polarization when the incident angle is 0 degrees, which can be obtained by calibration after the device is installed.
[0026] There is a close relationship between the incident angle of sunlight and the degree of polarization of polarized light. The change in the elevation angle of polarized light can be used as a means to accurately measure the incident angle of sunlight. In the present invention, by integrating a wire grid polarizer on the photosensitive detection array, the polarization state of incident sunlight can be detected and analyzed, and the incident angle of sunlight can be accurately measured according to the change in the degree of polarization. The wire grid polarizer can selectively filter light of different polarization states and judge the direction and change trend of the degree of polarization according to the difference in light intensity. For example, if the polarization component in the horizontal plane is filtered out by the wire grid polarizer, then after passing through the polarizer, the remaining light intensity I p is approximately:
[0027]
[0028] Among them, I0 is the initial light intensity. The degree of polarization can be obtained from the remaining light intensity, and the incident angle of sunlight can be obtained in real time according to Equation (2).
[0029] By this method, the present invention can eliminate the monitoring error caused by the change in the incident angle of sunlight. Specifically, when sunlight is incident at different angles, the device can measure the degree of polarization of scattered light, calibrate the position perception data of the photosensitive detector in real time, and compensate for the interference caused by the change in the incident angle of sunlight, so as to more accurately perceive the state and change of the surface soil.
[0030] High-precision monitoring: Traditional photosensitive detectors are easily affected by the change in the incident angle of sunlight, resulting in large errors in the monitoring data. By introducing polarized light detection technology, the present invention can measure and compensate the change in the incident angle of sunlight in real time, eliminating the monitoring error caused by the change in the incident angle of sunlight. Therefore, the present invention greatly improves the perception accuracy of the change of surface soil and can monitor the soil erosion situation more accurately.
[0031] Strong real-time performance: The present invention can not only accurately perceive soil erosion, but also process and analyze data in real time. The polarized light detection module can quickly obtain the incident angle information of sunlight and instantaneously correct the perception signal of the photosensitive detection array through the data processing unit. This real-time calibration ability enables the present invention to instantaneously reflect the dynamic change of soil loss and provides valuable real-time monitoring data for geological disaster early warning.
[0032] Strong adaptability to complex environments: The design of the present invention is applicable to various complex geographical and climatic environments. Since it can compensate for the change in the incident angle of sunlight, especially in environments with complex terrain and drastic changes in sunlight angles, it can still maintain monitoring accuracy. At the same time, this device can cope with different climatic conditions, such as cloudy days, sunny days, sunrise and sunset moments, etc., and can provide reliable data monitoring in various environments.
[0033] This photosensitive measuring rod device mainly includes the following components:
[0034] Photosensitive detection array: Partially buried in the soil and partially exposed on the ground surface. The part of the detector exposed on the ground surface is used to sense the change in solar light intensity and position. The photosensitive detection array is composed of multiple photosensitive detectors, and these detectors use linear array charge-coupled devices (CCD) as the core sensitive elements. The element close-packed spatial distribution rate of the CCD is less than 1 mm to ensure high-resolution monitoring ability.
[0035] Polarized light detection module: Set on the surface of the photosensitive detection array, integrated with a wire grid polarizer with a high extinction ratio, and the extinction ratio exceeds 30 dB. This module is used to detect the polarization state of solar scattered light. The polarized light detection module is mainly composed of a wire grid polarizer and a polarized light detection unit, and can analyze the polarization state of the incident light to accurately determine the incident angle of sunlight. The sunlight emits unpolarized circularly polarized light, which becomes elliptically polarized light after being scattered by the air, and its degree of polarization is related to the incident angle. The wire grid polarizer with a high extinction ratio allows the light parallel to the polarization main axis to pass through and blocks the light with a perpendicular polarization state. Therefore, by measuring the change in light intensity after the polarizer, the degree of polarization of the incident light can be obtained, and thus the angle of the incident light can be obtained.
[0036] Data processing unit: Connected to the photosensitive detection array and the polarized light detection module, used to process the output signal of the detection array, and perform real-time angle calibration and signal correction based on the measurement data of polarized light. This unit can quickly and accurately generate corrected soil change data. The correction algorithm is as follows:
[0037] h = h i + dsinθ(4)
[0038] Where h is the corrected position; h i is the measured position; d is the distance from the incident plane to the CCD; as Figure 2 shown; θ is the incident angle.
[0039] Power supply system: The device is built-in with a solar power supply module to provide autonomous power for the photosensitive measuring rod device, ensuring its long-term stable operation under field conditions.
[0040] Wireless communication module: Used to transmit the processed monitoring data to the remote monitoring center in real time, facilitating real-time analysis and early warning by monitoring personnel.
[0041] The basic working principle of the photosensitive measuring rod device is to sense the dynamic changes of the surface soil through a photosensitive detector. The device is buried in the soil. When the surface soil is eroded or deposited, the light intensity and position sensed by the photosensitive detector will change. These signals are analyzed by the data processing unit to generate the monitoring results of soil erosion.
[0042] In practical applications, since the incident angle of sunlight changes with time, the light intensity sensed by the detector will be affected by the incident angle, which may lead to monitoring errors. To solve this problem, the present invention measures the incident angle of sunlight through a polarized light detection module. After being scattered by the atmosphere, sunlight has different polarization states, and these polarization states are closely related to the incident angle. Through a wire grid polarizer, the photosensitive measuring rod device can detect the polarization states of light at different incident angles and calibrate the sensing signals of the photosensitive detector based on these polarization data.
[0043] The wire grid polarizer in the polarized light detection module can accurately measure the incident angle of sunlight by selectively filtering light at different polarization angles and combining the detector's response to the optical power of different polarization states. Then, the data processing unit corrects the output signal of the photosensitive detector in real time based on this polarization light information, eliminates the detection errors caused by the change of the incident angle, and ensures the accuracy of the soil erosion monitoring results.
[0044] The specific implementation steps are as follows:
[0045] Device layout: Bury a part of the detectors of the photosensitive measuring rod device in the soil and expose the other part of the detectors on the ground surface. After the layout is completed, ensure that the photosensitive detection array can stably sense the light conditions on the ground surface.
[0046] Initialization and calibration: Start the polarized light detection module and measure the incident angle of sunlight at the current moment through the wire grid polarizer. According to the analysis of the polarization state of the polarized light, calibrate the initial state of the photosensitive detection array to ensure that the device is in a standard working state.
[0047] Soil change monitoring: During the monitoring process, the photosensitive detector senses the changes in the soil state on the ground surface in real time. When the soil undergoes erosion, deposition or other changes, the light intensity signals sensed by the photosensitive detector will change. These change data are transmitted to the data processing unit for analysis.
[0048] Polarized light correction: At the same time, the polarized light detection module continuously detects the polarization state of sunlight and obtains the change data of the incident angle of sunlight in real time. When the incident angle changes, the data processing unit corrects the output signal of the photosensitive detector according to the polarized light detection results to eliminate the errors caused by the change of the incident angle.
[0049] Data analysis and transmission: The data processing unit converts the corrected data into the monitoring results of soil changes and transmits the data to the remote monitoring system through the wireless communication module. Monitoring personnel can conduct real-time analysis based on this data and issue early warnings when necessary.
[0050] Through the above implementation manners, the present invention can operate efficiently and stably in various complex environments, providing an innovative solution with high precision and strong real-time performance for soil erosion monitoring.
[0051] Although the present invention has been described in the embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described. Various modifications, changes and substitutions can be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined according to the interpretation of the claims.
Claims
1. A photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection, used for monitoring the soil and water loss situation on the ground surface, characterized in that, It includes: a photosensitive detection array, a polarized light detection module, a data processing unit, a power supply system, and a wireless communication module; in the photosensitive detection array, some detectors are buried in the soil and some are exposed on the ground surface; the polarized light detection module is arranged on the surface of the photosensitive detection array and integrated with the photosensitive detection array; the data processing unit is connected to the photosensitive detection array and the polarized light detection module, calculates the incident angle of sunlight through the identification of the polarization state, and then calibrates the photosensitive detection position to correct the perception result of the change of the surface soil; the power supply system is used to supply electrical energy to the system; the wireless communication module wirelessly transmits the calibrated soil change result to the monitoring end.
2. The photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, characterized in that The photosensitive detection array is composed of multiple photosensitive detectors. The photosensitive detector uses a linear array charge-coupled device (CCD) as the core sensitive element, and the array element close-packed space distribution rate of the CCD is less than 1 mm.
3. The photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarized light detection module is composed of a wire grid polarizer and a polarized light detection unit.
4. The photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, wherein, The photosensitive element in the photosensitive detection array uses a linear array charge-coupled device (CCD), Charge-Coupled Device.
5. The photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photosensitive detection array is linearly and vertically arranged at the soil / air interface, and the high-resolution dynamic monitoring of the change of the soil surface layer is carried out by measuring the sunlight irradiation position.
6. The photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, characterized in that The polarized light detection module measures the incident polarization state of sunlight and analyzes and compensates the change of the incident angle of sunlight in real time.
7. The photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, characterized in that The light position information measured by the photosensitive detection array and the sunlight polarization state measured by the polarized light detection module are transmitted to the data processing module. By analyzing the output signal of the photosensitive detection array in real time, the data is corrected according to the change of the polarization state, and the monitoring result of soil erosion is generated.
8. The photosensitive measuring rod device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, A wire grid polarizer with a high extinction ratio is integrated on the surface of the photosensitive detection array to form a polarized light detection module. Incident light with different polarization angles generates different light intensity responses when passing through the wire grid polarizer with a high extinction ratio, realizing the precise detection of the polarization state.
9. The photosensitive measuring pin device based on polarized light detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system uses solar energy for autonomous power supply and realizes remote transmission and real-time monitoring of data through the wireless communication module.