Intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrated with smoke sensing function

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrated with a smoke sensing function, which comprises a smoke sensing detection module, a multi-protocol communication module, a gateway management module, a data processing module and a power management module, and relates to the technical field of fire-fighting Internet of Things. According to the intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrated with the smoke sensing function, the limitation that traditional fire fighting equipment is single in function is broken through, monitoring-communication-decision-making integration is achieved, a Bluetooth / WiFi / LoRa three-mode self-adaptive switching protocol is designed, the communication efficiency is improved by 40% compared with a single-mode scheme, a positioning optimization model based on federated learning is provided, and the positioning optimization model is optimized. And the gateways share local positioning data and update the global fingerprint database, so that the positioning precision is continuously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire protection Internet of Things, and specifically relates to an intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating smoke detector functions. Background Art

[0002] In traditional fire protection systems, smoke detector devices only have a single environmental monitoring function, and devices such as fire extinguishers and emergency lights lack the ability to connect to the Internet of Things, resulting in the following problems:

[0003] Insufficient accuracy of personnel positioning in the fire field: Dependence on Beidou / GPS cannot achieve indoor floor and room-level positioning;

[0004] The status of equipment cannot be monitored in real time: There is a lack of data support for the displacement and activation status of fire protection facilities;

[0005] Serious information islands: Each subsystem uses independent communication protocols, and data cannot be interchanged. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating smoke detector functions, which solves the problems of insufficient accuracy of personnel positioning in the fire field, inability to monitor the status of equipment in real time, and serious information islands.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating smoke detector functions includes a smoke detector module, a multi-protocol communication module, a gateway management module, a data processing module, and a power management module;

[0008] The smoke detector module is used to continuously monitor the smoke concentration and temperature in the environment;

[0009] The multi-protocol communication module integrates WiFi, Bluetooth, and wireless transmission functions, and supports data interaction with fire protection terminal devices, mobile terminals, and cloud platforms;

[0010] The gateway management module is used to receive and forward the operation status data of fire protection terminal devices, including the displacement status of fire extinguishers, the working status of emergency lights, and the pressure data of fire hydrants;

[0011] The data processing module is built with positioning algorithms and path planning algorithms, and realizes indoor positioning of personnel and equipment in the fire field according to the Bluetooth signal strength, and generates a dynamic escape path;

[0012] The power management module is used to support automatic switching between mains power supply and backup battery, and start a power consumption optimization strategy in the emergency mode;

[0013] The smoke detection module is connected to the data processing module via the I2C bus. The multi-protocol communication module is connected to the gateway management module via the SPI interface and communicates bidirectionally with the data processing module via the UART serial port. The power management module provides hierarchical power supply for each module.

[0014] Preferably, the Bluetooth module supports the Mesh networking protocol. When networking, the gateway acts as the root node and forms a star topology network with fire fighting terminal devices within a radius of 50 meters. The data relay interval ≤ 200 ms, and device identifiers are dynamically allocated during the networking process.

[0015] Preferably, the monitoring of fire fighting terminal devices by the gateway management module includes;

[0016] Fire extinguisher displacement detection: Analyze the accelerometer data of the Bluetooth tag. When the mutation value Δ of the sum of the three-axis acceleration vectors > 2g, it is determined that the fire extinguisher has been moved and marked as the "enabled" state;

[0017] Emergency light control: Send instructions to the emergency light with the specified MAC address to control the switching of its indicator light color and the adjustment of the arrow direction;

[0018] Fire hydrant pressure monitoring: Receive the pressure sensor data through the ZigBee protocol, and trigger a pressure anomaly alarm when the pressure value < 0.5 MPa.

[0019] Preferably, the positioning algorithm performs the following steps to achieve precise positioning of personnel;

[0020] a. Establish a three-dimensional digital map of the building and deploy a Bluetooth signal strength fingerprint library in each room;

[0021] b. Real-time collect the Bluetooth RSSI values of the mobile terminals of the trapped personnel to form a signal strength matrix;

[0022] c. Use the weighted K-nearest neighbor algorithm to calculate the preliminary coordinates. The formula is;

[0023]

[0024] where d i =|RSSI meas -RSSI DB (i);

[0025] d. Integrate the gyroscope data of the mobile terminal for motion trajectory compensation to improve the positioning accuracy to ±0.8 m.

[0026] Preferably, the path planning algorithm library runs the improved A* algorithm, and its cost function is defined as;

[0027] F(n)=G(n)+H(n)+α·T(n)+β·S(n);

[0028] Among them, T(n) is the temperature penalty term of node n, and the calculation method is T(n) = max(0, (T current - 60) / 20);

[0029] S(n) is the smoke concentration penalty term, and the calculation method is S(n) = max(0, (C smoke - 2.0) / 1.5);

[0030] The weight coefficients are α = 0.7 and β = 0.3. When the personnel density of the path node > 2 people / m 2 is detected, an alternative route is automatically generated.

[0031] Preferably, the power management module executes the following power consumption control strategies;

[0032] In the non - alarm state, the LoRa module enters the sleep mode, and the power consumption < 10 μA;

[0033] When the environmental parameters are stable, the sampling period of the smoke detection unit is extended from 1 second to 5 seconds;

[0034] When powered by the backup battery, the Bluetooth Mesh networking function is turned off, and only the basic communication link is maintained.

[0035] Preferably, the multi - protocol communication module establishes three - level communication priorities;

[0036] Priority 1: When a fire alarm is triggered, the alarm data packet is uploaded through the LoRa channel at a rate of 512 bps, and 20% of the bandwidth is reserved;

[0037] Priority 2: In the normal state, the device status report is uploaded through the WiFi channel every 5 minutes;

[0038] Priority 3: The Bluetooth channel is only used to receive the broadcast data of the fire - fighting terminal device and does not occupy the uplink bandwidth.

[0039] Preferably, the gateway housing of the gateway management module is designed with an IP67 protection level. The internal component layout is optimized through thermal simulation, so that it can still work continuously for ≥1 hour in an 85 °C high - temperature environment. The specific thermal design includes;

[0040] A graphene thermal conductive pad is set between the main control chip (STM32F407) and the LoRa module (SX1278);

[0041] The power management circuit and the housing are filled with high - temperature resistant silica gel (temperature tolerance - 40 °C to 150 °C);

[0042] Annular heat dissipation holes with a hole diameter of 0.8 mm and a hole pitch of 2 mm are opened around the sensor probe.

[0043] Preferably, the data processing module is built with a federated learning model and executes the following steps to optimize the positioning accuracy;

[0044] a. Each gateway uploads the desensitized local positioning data to the cloud;

[0045] b. The cloud aggregates the multi-node data and updates the global Bluetooth fingerprint library;

[0046] c. The optimized fingerprint library parameters are sent down to each gateway to replace the original positioning database.

[0047] Preferably, the communication message between the gateway and the fire command center is encrypted with AES-256, and the data packet structure includes:

[0048] Packet header, 2-byte start symbol (0xAA55) + 1-byte protocol version number;

[0049] Data segment, 4-byte timestamp + 6-byte building ID + 1-byte floor number + N-byte sensor data;

[0050] Check segment, 2-byte CRC16 check code.

[0051] The present invention provides an intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating a smoke sensor function. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] 1. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating the smoke sensor function can achieve room-level precise positioning (error < 1 meter) through Bluetooth signals, enabling firefighters to quickly find trapped people, and the positioning speed is 10 times faster than the traditional method;

[0053] 2. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating the smoke sensor function can analyze the fire scene situation in real time through the system, automatically plan the best escape route, and guide through both the mobile phone APP and the emergency indicator lights, increasing the evacuation efficiency by 3 times;

[0054] 3. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating the smoke sensor function can simultaneously monitor the status of equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire hydrants, automatically report abnormal situations, increasing the fire facility management efficiency by 80% and reducing the maintenance cost by 60%. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0055] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the positioning algorithm of the present invention.

[0057] In the figure: 1. Smoke sensor detection module; 2. Multi-protocol communication module; 3. Gateway management module; 4. Data processing module; 5. Power management module. Detailed Embodiments

[0058] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 1-2 , the embodiments of the present invention provide a technical solution: an intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating smoke detection function, including a smoke detection module 1, a multi-protocol communication module 2, a gateway management module 3, a data processing module 4 and a power management module 5. The smoke detection module 1 is connected to the data processing module 4 through the I2C bus. The multi-protocol communication module 2 is connected to the gateway management module 3 through the SPI interface and communicates bidirectionally with the data processing module 4 through the UART serial port. The power management module 5 provides hierarchical power supply for each module.

[0060] I. The hardware architecture and module linkage principle, and its collaborative working principle is as follows:

[0061] The smoke detection module 1 (environmental perception unit) is composed of a photoelectric smoke sensor (model: GP2Y1010AU0F) and a digital temperature sensor (DS18B20) to form a composite probe, which is installed on the top of the gateway housing.

[0062] Working principle:

[0063] Smoke detection: When the concentration of smoke particles in the environment exceeds the threshold (default set to 2.5% obs / m), the photoelectric sensor generates a current change, which is converted into a digital signal by the ADC module;

[0064] Temperature detection: DS18B20 collects the ambient temperature every 10 seconds with an accuracy of ±0.5°C, and triggers an alarm when the detected temperature gradient change rate > 5°C / minute.

[0065] Data output: The smoke concentration and temperature data are transmitted to the data processing module in real time through the I2C bus.

[0066] Hardware configuration of the multi-protocol communication module 2 (data transmission unit):

[0067] WiFi communication: Adopt the ESP32-WROOM-32D chip, support the 802.11b / g / n protocol, and the working frequency band is 2.4GHz;

[0068] Bluetooth module: Integrate the TI CC2541 chip, support BLE 5.0 and Mesh networking, and the maximum number of connected nodes is 32;

[0069] Wireless Transmission: Equipped with SX1278 LoRa module, communication distance ≥ 3km (line-of-sight environment).

[0070] Protocol Fusion Mechanism:

[0071] Establish a priority communication link: When a fire alarm is triggered, alarm information is preferentially uploaded to the fire command center via LoRa (20% bandwidth reserved);

[0072] Bluetooth Mesh Networking: The gateway acts as the Mesh root node, automatically establishing a star topology network with Bluetooth terminals (such as fire extinguisher tags, emergency lights) within a radius of 50 meters. The data relay interval ≤ 200ms.

[0073] Function Realization of Gateway Management Module 3 (Device Control Unit):

[0074] Fire Terminal Registration: Adopt a whitelist mechanism. The fire extinguisher Bluetooth tag (UUID format: 0000XXXX-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB) is bound when it broadcasts for the first time;

[0075] Status Monitoring: Fire Extinguisher Displacement Detection: By analyzing the accelerometer data of the Bluetooth tag (sampling rate 10Hz), when the mutation value Δ of the sum of the three-axis acceleration vectors > 2g, it is determined that the device has been moved;

[0076] Emergency Light Control: Send commands to the emergency lights (preset MAC address list) integrated with Bluetooth modules to switch the indicator light color and arrow direction.

[0077] Implementation of the Location Algorithm in Data Processing Module 4 (Intelligent Decision-making Unit):

[0078] Signal Strength Acquisition: Continuously receive the Bluetooth signal (RSSI) of the trapped person's mobile phone, and update the signal strength matrix every 500ms;

[0079] Fingerprint Database Matching: Call the location fingerprint database in the pre-stored building BIM model, and use the weighted K-nearest neighbor algorithm (WKNN) to calculate the coordinates. The formula is as follows;

[0080]

[0081] Where d i =|RSSI meas -RSSI DB (i)| represents the difference between the measured signal and the i-th reference point;

[0082] Inertial Navigation Correction: Integrate the gyroscope data of the mobile phone (transmitted via Bluetooth) to perform motion compensation on the positioning result, and improve the accuracy to ±0.8m.

[0083] Path Planning Algorithm:

[0084] Input parameters: real-time temperature field (infrared sensor data), smoke diffusion model (computational fluid dynamics simulation results), and heat map of personnel density;

[0085] Dynamic obstacle avoidance: The improved A* algorithm is adopted, and the cost function is;

[0086] F(n) = G(n) + H(n) + α·T(n) + β·S(n)

[0087] Among them, T(n) is the temperature penalty term of node n, S(n) is the smoke concentration penalty term, and α = 0.7, β = 0.3 are weight coefficients;

[0088] Multi-objective optimization: When it is detected that the escape route is congested (personnel density > 2 people / m 2 ), an alternative route is automatically generated and sent to the user APP.

[0089] Dual-power switching logic of the power management module 5 (power guarantee unit):

[0090] Normal mode: Powered by the commercial power of 220V, and at the same time charging the backup lithium battery (18650 battery cell, capacity 5200 mAh);

[0091] Emergency mode: When the commercial power is interrupted or the smoke concentration exceeds the threshold, it automatically switches to battery power supply, and the battery life is ≥ 72 hours.

[0092] Power consumption control:

[0093] The communication module starts and stops on demand: When there is no alarm, the LoRa module enters the sleep mode (power consumption < 10 μA); The sensor polling interval is adaptive: When the environmental parameters are stable, the smoke sensor sampling period is extended from 1 second to 5 seconds.

[0094] II. System-level working process;

[0095] During the fire alarm trigger stage, the smoke sensor module detects that the smoke concentration exceeds the threshold (2.5% obs / m) for 5 seconds continuously, triggering a first-level alarm;

[0096] The gateway immediately activates the emergency power supply and sends an alarm message (including GPS coordinates, building ID, and floor information) to the fire command center through LoRa;

[0097] The Bluetooth Mesh network enters the high-density broadcast mode (the interval is shortened from 1 second to 200 ms), waking up the surrounding fire-fighting terminal devices.

[0098] Personnel positioning and situation construction, the mobile APP of the trapped person is automatically activated, continuously broadcasting the Bluetooth signal containing the user ID;

[0099] After receiving the signal, the gateway executes the positioning algorithm and encrypts and transmits the location information (floor + room number) to the command center;

[0100] The command platform integrates the data of multiple gateways to generate a three-dimensional fire scene map and marks the dangerous areas (temperature > 60°C or CO concentration > 50 ppm).

[0101] Dynamic guidance of the escape route. After the data processing module 4 calculates the optimal route, it issues instructions to two types of terminals:

[0102] User side: Push navigation instructions (voice + AR arrow indication) through the APP to avoid high-temperature areas;

[0103] Facility side: Control the emergency indicator lights to switch to green arrows and turn off the electromagnetic locks of the fire doors leading to the dangerous areas.

[0104] Linkage of fire-fighting facilities and monitoring of the fire extinguisher status: When the gateway detects a sudden change in the acceleration of a fire extinguisher tag (Δ > 3g), mark the device as "activated" on the command platform and prompt the location of the nearest fire hydrant;

[0105] Monitoring of the fire hydrant pressure: When the data of the pressure sensor (range 0 - 1.6 MPa) is abnormal, the gateway starts the standby pressurizing pump and notifies the maintenance personnel.

[0106] Positioning accuracy test: Deploy 10 gateways in a certain shopping mall and locate 50 subjects in a simulated fire scene. The results are as follows;

[0107]

[0108] System response time: The time taken from the smoke detector alarm to the completion of the route generation is < 8 seconds (the traditional system > 30 seconds).

[0109] By integrating the smoke detector device with a multi-protocol gateway, the present invention breaks through the limitation of the single function of traditional fire-fighting equipment and realizes the integration of "monitoring - communication - decision-making". It designs a Bluetooth / WiFi / LoRa three-mode adaptive switching protocol, and the communication efficiency is increased by 40% compared with the single-mode scheme. It proposes a positioning optimization model based on federated learning, and each gateway shares local positioning data and updates the global fingerprint database to continuously improve the positioning accuracy.

[0110] It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0111] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating smoke sensor function, characterized in that: It comprises a smoke detection module (1), a multi-protocol communication module (2), a gateway management module (3), a data processing module (4) and a power management module (5); The smoke detection module (1) is used to monitor the smoke concentration and temperature in the environment in real time; The multi-protocol communication module (2) integrates WiFi, Bluetooth, and wireless transmission functions, and supports data interaction with fire terminal equipment, mobile terminals, and cloud platforms; The gateway management module (3) is used to receive and forward the operation status data of the fire terminal equipment, including the displacement status of the fire extinguisher, the working status of the emergency light, and the pressure data of the fire hydrant; The data processing module (4) has a built-in positioning algorithm and a path planning algorithm, which realizes the indoor positioning of fire scene personnel and equipment according to the Bluetooth signal strength and generates a dynamic escape path; The power management module (5) is used to support automatic switching between mains power supply and backup battery, and to start power consumption optimization strategy in emergency mode; The smoke detection module (1) is connected to the data processing module (4) via an I2C bus, the multi-protocol communication module (2) is connected to the gateway management module (3) via an SPI interface, and bidirectionally communicates with the data processing module (4) via a UART serial port, and the power management module (5) provides hierarchical power supply for each module.

2. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating smoke detector function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Bluetooth module supports the Mesh networking protocol.

3. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating a smoke sensor function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring of fire terminal equipment by the gateway management module (3) includes fire extinguisher displacement detection, emergency light control and fire hydrant pressure monitoring.

4. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating a smoke sensor function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning algorithm performs the following steps to achieve accurate positioning of personnel: a. Establish a three-dimensional digital map of the building and deploy a Bluetooth signal strength fingerprint library in each room; b. Collect the Bluetooth RSSI value of the trapped person’s mobile terminal in real time to form a signal strength matrix; c. Use the weighted K nearest neighbor algorithm to calculate the preliminary coordinates, the formula is: where d i = |RSSI meas - RSSI DB (i)|; d. Integrate the mobile terminal gyroscope data to perform motion trajectory compensation, and improve the positioning accuracy to ±0.8m.

5. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating a smoke sensor function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cost function in the path planning algorithm is defined as: F(n)=G(n)+H(n)+α·T(n)+β·S(n); Among them, T(n) is the temperature penalty term of node n, and its calculation method is T(n) = max(0, (T current - 60) / 20); S(n) is the smoke concentration penalty term, and its calculation method is S(n) = max(0, (C smoke - 2.0) / 1.5); The weight coefficients are α = 0.7 and β = 0.

3. When the detected personnel density at the path node > 2 persons / m 2 an alternative route is automatically generated.

6. The intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating smoke sensor function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-protocol communication module (2) establishes three levels of communication priority.

7. An intelligent Internet of Things gateway integrating a smoke sensor function, characterized in that: The data processing module (4) has a built-in federated learning model and performs the following steps to optimize positioning accuracy; a. Each gateway desensitizes the local positioning data and uploads it to the cloud; b. Aggregate multi-node data in the cloud and update the global Bluetooth fingerprint library; c. Send the optimized fingerprint library parameters to each gateway to replace the original positioning database.

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