Enhanced line-of-sight communication with analog multipath beamforming

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communication that support techniques for enhanced line of sight (LOS) communication with analog multipath beamforming. A first wireless device may receive, from a second wireless device, a first transmit configuration indicator (TCI) using the second wireless device corresponding to a LOS mode The state transmits a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently transmits an indication of the capability of a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode. The first wireless device may then receive a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 063,964, filed Dec. 9, 2022, by CEZANNE et al., entitled "ENHANCED LINE-OF-SIGHT COMMUNICATIONS WITH ANALOG MULTI-PATH BEAMFORMING", which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The following relates to wireless communications, including enhanced line-of-sight (LOS) communications with analog multi-path beamforming. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multi-access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multi-access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0005] Wireless devices may communicate in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario where antennas are orthogonally polarized and spatially separated from each other at the transmitting and receiving devices, thereby supporting spatially separated beamforming paths for wireless communication. However, in some specific implementations, obstacles between one wireless device and another may reduce the effectiveness of LOS communication. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses for enabling enhanced line-of-sight (LOS) communication with analog multipath beamforming. For example, the described techniques provide for the use of one or more non-line-of-sight (NLOS) (e.g., indirect LOS) beamforming paths in addition to the LOS beamforming path, which can increase the number of beamforming directions available at a wireless device to improve the performance of a LOS-MIMO system. For example, at least one antenna panel of a wireless device supporting LOS-MIMO can form a beam directed on an NLOS path. In such examples, the wireless device can support a multi-panel antenna array to perform multipath analog beamforming (e.g., aperture waveform coding (AWC)) to obtain both LOS path gain and NLOS path gain. For example, antenna elements can be bundled into a number of panels at both the receiving and transmitting devices, where one or more antenna panels support LOS beamforming or NLOS beamforming.

[0007] In such embodiments, the receiving device can receive a capability indication from the transmitting device, the capability indication indicating the transmitting device's ability to concurrently perform the following: transmit first signaling in a first (e.g., LOS) direction using a first transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, and transmit second signaling in a second (e.g., NLOS) direction using a second TCI state. The receiving device can then receive one or more downlink messages from the transmitting device using the first TCI state and the second TCI state in the respective LOS and NLOS directions.

[0008] A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The method can include: receiving, from a second wireless device, an indication of the second wireless device's ability to transmit first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode; and receiving a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receiving a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0009] A device for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The device may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the device to: receive an indication of the ability of a second wireless device to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS); and receive a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0010] Another device for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The device may include: means for receiving an indication of the ability of a second wireless device to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode; and means for receiving a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0011] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The code may include instructions that are executable by a processor to: receive an indication of the ability of a second wireless device to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode; and receive a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: sending a channel state information (CSI) feedback message to the second wireless device including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode may be based on the one or more parameters.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to a first analog beamforming direction and a second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first downlink message includes a first demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and the second downlink message includes a second DMRS, and the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: receiving a TCI message including quasi co-location information indicating the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction; and receiving the first DMRS in the first analog beamforming direction and the second DMRS in the second analog beamforming direction on a downlink data channel based on the TCI message.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the first DMRS and the second DMRS may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: receiving the first DMRS via a first DMRS port and the second DMRS via a second DMRS port based on the TCI message.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first DMRS port may be associated with a first set of DMRS ports, the first set of DMRS ports corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction of the LOS mode, and the second DMRS port may be associated with a second set of DMRS ports, the second set of DMRS ports corresponding to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect LOS mode.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: sending a first uplink message to a second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second uplink message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction based on the TCI message.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending an indication to a second wireless device of a first number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first downlink message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving a second downlink message in a second analog beamforming direction may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving the first downlink message via a first set of a plurality of antenna elements and receiving the second downlink message via a second set of the plurality of antenna elements, the first set of the plurality of antenna elements corresponding to a LOS mode and the second set of the plurality of antenna elements corresponding to an indirect LOS mode.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first set of the plurality of antenna elements and the second set of the plurality of antenna elements may be located at one or more antenna panels of a first wireless device.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first downlink message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving a second downlink message in a second analog beamforming direction may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving the first downlink message via a first set of antenna panels and receiving the second downlink message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, wherein the first set of antenna panels corresponds to a LOS mode and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels may be connected to a subset of antennas, the subset of antennas including a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by a first wireless device.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first downlink message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving a second downlink message in a second analog beamforming direction may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: concurrently receiving the first downlink message and the second downlink message via the same set of antenna panels, where the first downlink message corresponds to a LOS mode and the second downlink message corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0024] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels may be connected to multiple subsets or all of the antennas, and the multiple subsets or all of the antennas include a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by a first wireless device.

[0025] A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The method may include: sending an indication of the ability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device; and sending a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently sending a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0026] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus: to send an indication of the ability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device; and to send a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently send a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0027] Describes another apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device. The apparatus may include: a component for sending an indication of the ability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device; and a component for sending a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently sending a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0028] Describes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device. The code may include instructions that can be executed by a processor to: send an indication of the ability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device; and send a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently send a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0029] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving, from a second wireless device, a CSI feedback message including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode may be based on the one or more parameters.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first message includes a first DMRS, and the second message includes a second DMRS, and the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a TCI message including quasi-co-location information indicating a first analog beamforming direction and a second analog beamforming direction; and sending the first DMRS on the downlink data channel in the first analog beamforming direction and sending the second DMRS on the downlink data channel in the second analog beamforming direction.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending the first DMRS and the second DMRS may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending the first DMRS via a first DMRS port and sending the second DMRS via a second DMRS port based on the TCI message.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first DMRS port may be associated with a first set of DMRS ports, the first set of DMRS ports corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction of the LOS mode, and the second DMRS port may be associated with a second set of DMRS ports, the second set of DMRS ports corresponding to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect LOS mode.

[0034] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a first uplink message from a second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and receiving a second uplink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction based on the TCI message.

[0035] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending an indication to the second wireless device of a first number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction.

[0036] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently sending a second message in a second analog beamforming direction may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending the first message via a first set of a plurality of antenna elements and sending the second message via a second set of the plurality of antenna elements, the first set of the plurality of antenna elements corresponding to a LOS mode, and the second set of the plurality of antenna elements corresponding to an indirect LOS mode.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first set of the plurality of antenna elements and the second set of the plurality of antenna elements may be located at one or more antenna panels of a first wireless device.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently sending a second message in a second analog beamforming direction may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending the first message via a first set of antenna panels and sending the second message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, wherein the first set of antenna panels corresponds to a LOS mode, and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels may be connected to a subset of the antennas, the subset of the antennas including a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently sending a second message in a second analog beamforming direction may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending the first message and the second message via the same set of antenna panels, wherein the first message corresponds to a LOS mode, and the second message corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0041] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels may be connected to a plurality of subsets of the antennas or all of the antennas, the plurality of subsets of the antennas or all of the antennas including a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by the first wireless device. Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system that supports enhanced line-of-sight (LOS) communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0043] Figure 2 An example of a network architecture that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0044] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B and Figure 4C An example of an antenna panel architecture that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0046] Figure 5 An example of a process flow that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0047] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A block diagram of a device that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0048] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communication manager that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0049] Figure 9 A diagram of a system that includes a device that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0050] Figure 10 and Figure 11 A block diagram of a device that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0051] Figure 12 A block diagram of a communication manager that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0052] Figure 13 A diagram of a system that includes a device that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0053] Figures 14 to 17 A flowchart is illustrated that shows a method for enabling enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Detailed Description

[0054] Some wireless communication systems may use analog beamforming to support signaling via high frequency bands (e.g., millimeter wave (mmW) and sub-terahertz (THz) bands) to overcome the relatively high path loss associated with such high frequencies and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In some examples, a wireless device may implement line-of-sight (LOS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology with analog beamforming to achieve increased spatial degrees of freedom and thus increased overall signaling throughput by using orthogonal spatial waveforms across the transmit antenna aperture and the receive antenna aperture. However, LOS MIMO technology implementations may employ highly directional antennas that point only in one direction (e.g., the LOS direction), which may limit the potential path gain (e.g., as compared to cases where multiple directions are employed).

[0055] To increase the throughput and overall signaling performance of beamformed communication in relatively high frequency bands, a wireless device may support beamforming in one or more non-line-of-sight (NLOS) directions (e.g., indirect LOS paths) in addition to the LOS direction. For example, at least one antenna panel of the device that is allocated for beamforming of the LOS path may also form a beam that is directed on an NLOS path. In such examples, the device may support a multi-panel antenna array to perform multipath analog beamforming (e.g., aperture waveform decoding (AWC)) to harvest both LOS and NLOS path gains in the mmW and higher frequency bands. More specifically, multiple antenna elements may be bundled into a number of panels at both the receiving device and the transmitting device, where one or more of the number of antenna panels support LOS beamforming or NLOS beamforming (e.g., for a hybrid-connected or fully-connected architecture, one antenna panel supports simultaneous LOS and NLOS, or for a sub-array-connected architecture, separate antenna panels point to separate LOS and NLOS directions).

[0056] Such enhancements to LOS and NLOS implementations may also enable signaling of capabilities or assistance between a transmitting device and a receiving device. For example, a transmitting device (such as a distributed unit (DU) or a network entity) may signal an applied analog beamforming direction (e.g., LOS or NLOS) to a receiving device (such as a radio unit (RU) or a user equipment (UE)) via quasi-co-location (QCL) information associated with one or more demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports used for receiving downlink data or transmitting uplink data. Implementations of the techniques described herein may increase the signaling capacity and throughput of a wireless system by harvesting additional signaling paths and by simultaneously creating more than one spatial degree of freedom for communication.

[0057] Aspects of the present disclosure are described first in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to a wireless communication system, an antenna panel architecture, and a process flow. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts associated with enhancing LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming.

[0058] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0059] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other names. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entity 105 and the UEs 115 may support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0060] UE 115 can be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile or stationary and mobile at different times. The UE 115 can be a device in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated herein. The UEs 115 described herein can be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices (such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105 as Figure 1 shown).

[0061] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) can be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, a device, an equipment, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node can be a UE 115. As another example, the node can be a network entity 105. As yet another example, a first node can be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node can be a UE 115, the second node can be a network entity 105, and the third node can be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node can be a UE 115, the second node can be a network entity 105, and the third node can be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node can be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UEs 115, network entities 105, devices, equipment, computing systems, etc. can include the disclosure of UEs 115, network entities 105, devices, equipment, computing systems, etc. as nodes. For example, the disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0062] In some examples, the network entity 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the network entity 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) via the backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to the fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, the midhaul communication link 162, or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), and so on, or various combinations thereof. The UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via the communication link 155.

[0063] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation Node B, or gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home Node B, home evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., the base station 140) may be implemented in an integrated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as the base station 140).

[0064] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a split architecture (e.g., split base station architecture, split RAN architecture), which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105 (such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN))). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, an intelligent radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in the split RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the split RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU), a virtual DU (VDU), a virtual RU (VRU)).

[0065] The functional split between the CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functions, depending on which functions are performed at the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170 (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof). For example, a functional split of the protocol stack can be adopted between the CU 160 and DU 165, such that the CU 160 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the DU 165 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functions and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165s or RU 170s, and one or more DU 165s or RU 170s can host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functions and signaling, and can each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack can be adopted between the DU 165 and RU 170, such that the DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170s). In some cases, the functional split between the CU 160 and DU 165 or between the DU 165 and RU 170 can be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions of a protocol layer can be performed by one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of that protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). The CU 160 can be further functionally split into a CU control plane (CU-CP) and a CU user plane (CU-UP) function. The CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165s via an intermediate transport communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and the DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170s via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the intermediate transport communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 can be implemented according to the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, and the layers of the protocol stack are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 communicating via these communication links.

[0066] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to the core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be controlled, in part, by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled, in part, by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via the supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). An IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by the DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of the IAB node 104 for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the split RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate in accordance with the techniques described herein.

[0067] For example, the access network (AN) or RAN may include communication between an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), an IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate the connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, the IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and a RU 170), in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and the IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., the F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be an example of a part of the backhaul link), and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., CUs 160 associated with alternative IAB donors) via an Xn-C interface (which may be an example of a part of the backhaul link).

[0068] The IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhaul capabilities, etc.). The DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards the child nodes associated with the IAB node 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards the parent node associated with the IAB node 104. That is, the IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node that communicates with one or more child nodes (e.g., the IAB donor may relay the transmissions of UEs through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN, the IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or a child node of other IAB nodes 104. Thus, the IAB-MT entity of the IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for the child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from the parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., the DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for the parent IAB node 104 to signal to the child IAB node 104 or the UE 115.

[0069] For example, the IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting communication for a child IAB node or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130 (e.g., a fronthaul communication link 120), and may act as the parent node of the IAB node 104. For example, the DU 165 of the IAB donor may relay transmissions to the UE 115 via the IAB node 104, or may signal transmissions directly to the UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal the communication link establishment to the IAB node 104 via the F1 interface, and the IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to the UE 115) via the DU 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from the IAB node 104 via signaling over the NR Uu interface to the MT of the IAB node 104. Communication with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communication with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB node 104.

[0070] In the context where the techniques described herein are applied to a split RAN architecture, one or more components of the split RAN architecture may be configured to support enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by the UE 115 or the network entity 105 (e.g., the base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the split RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node 104, the DU 165, the CU 160, the RU 170, the RIC 175, the SMO 180).

[0071] The UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. The UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, the UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0072] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc., as Figure 1 shown.

[0073] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of RF spectral resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion (e.g., bandwidth part (BWP)) of an RF spectral band operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. According to a carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any part (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "transmit", "receive", or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any part of the network entity 105 of the RAN (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0074] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling for coordinating the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., evolved universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UE 115. A carrier may operate in an independent mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be performed by the UE 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may operate in a non-independent mode, in which case a different carrier (e.g., of the same or different radio access technology) is used to anchor the connection.

[0075] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include a downlink transmission (e.g., forward link transmission) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, an uplink transmission (e.g., reverse link transmission) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both, as well as other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry downlink communication or uplink communication (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink communication and uplink communication (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0076] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths of carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 megahertz (MHz), 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., the network entity 105, the UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication using a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be capable of being configured to support communication using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communication using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0077] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include a plurality of subcarriers (e.g., using a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing an MCM technique, a resource element may refer to the resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively large number of resource elements (e.g., during the transmission duration) and a relatively high-order modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. A wireless communication resource may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communication with the UE 115.

[0078] One or more parameter sets for a carrier may be supported, and the parameter sets may include subcarrier spacing (Δf) and cyclic prefixes. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter sets. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communications of a UE 115 may be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0079] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0080] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, the frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of micro time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0081] A subframe, a time slot, a mini-time slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0082] Physical channels can be multiplexed according to various techniques for communication using a carrier. For example, one or more of time-division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region of a physical control channel (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of the system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 can monitor or search a control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with the coded information for a control information format with a given payload size. The search space set can include a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115.

[0083] The network entity 105 can provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hotspots, or other types of cells or any combination thereof). The term "cell" can refer to a logical communication entity for communicating with the network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other identifier) for distinguishing adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell can also refer to a coverage area 110 or a part of the coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) within which the logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors (such as the capabilities of the network entity 105), the scope of such a cell can range from a smaller area (e.g., a structure, a subset of a structure) to a larger area. For example, a cell can be or can include a building, a subset of a building, or an external space between or overlapping with the coverage areas 110, etc.

[0084] Macro cells typically cover a relatively large geographical area (e.g., with a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 having a service subscription with the network provider supporting the macro cell. Compared with macro cells, small cells may be associated with lower power network entities 105 (e.g., lower power base stations 140), and small cells may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 having a service subscription with the network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with the small cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). Network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communication via one or more cells using one or more component carriers.

[0085] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells and may be configured with different cells according to different protocol types that may provide access for different types of devices (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)).

[0086] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be movable and thus provide communication coverage for a mobile coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0087] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entity 105 may have different frame timing, and in some examples, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0088] Some UEs 115 (such as MTC or IoT devices) can be low-cost or low-complexity devices and can allow automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or a device to communicate with a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC can include communication from devices integrated with sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents the information to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 can be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, field survival monitoring, weather and geographical event monitoring, formation management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0089] Some UEs 115 can be configured to operate in power-saving operation modes, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception but not concurrent transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication can be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other energy-saving techniques for UEs 115 include: entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not participating in active communication, operating using limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 can be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of the carrier, or outside the carrier.

[0090] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). The UEs 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication can include private communication or group communication and can be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions can include prioritizing services, and such services can be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency can be used interchangeably herein.

[0091] In some examples, the UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), and the network entity may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In some other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving the network entity 105.

[0092] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination of these. Vehicles may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as a roadside unit), or communicate with the network via vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entity 105, base station 140, RU 170), or both.

[0093] The core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which can include at least one control plane entity for managing access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity can manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as the mobility, authentication, and bearer management of the UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets can be transmitted through the user plane entity, which can provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity can be connected to the IP services 150 of one or more network operators. The IP services 150 can include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0094] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands that can be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or the decimeter band because, in terms of length, the wavelength range is from approximately one decimeter to one meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clutter), but these waves can be sufficient to penetrate structures so that a macro cell can serve a UE 115 located indoors. Compared with communications using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communications using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers).

[0095] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in the Super High Frequency (SHF) region (also known as the centimeter band) that can be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz or in the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as the millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communication between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 (e.g., the base station 140, the RU 170), and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices may be smaller and closer spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such technologies may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may experience even greater attenuation and shorter range compared to SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands designated across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory body.

[0096] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use an unlicensed band (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA), Long-Term Evolution Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using an unlicensed RF spectrum band, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using an unlicensed band may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in combination with a component carrier operating using a licensed band. Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer (P2P) transmissions, device-to-device (D2D) transmissions, and so on.

[0097] The network entity 105 (e.g., the base station 140, the RU 170) or the UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of antenna ports in multiple rows and columns that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0098] The network entity 105 or the UE 115 can utilize multi-path signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by using MIMO communication to transmit or receive multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques can be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals can be transmitted, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0099] Beamforming (which can also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., the network entity 105, the UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining the signals conveyed via the antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating in a particular direction relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference while other signals experience destructive interference. The adjustment of the signals conveyed via the antenna elements can include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustment associated with each of these antenna elements can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular direction (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other direction).

[0100] The network entity 105 or the UE 115 may use beam scanning techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, the network entity 105 (e.g., the base station 140, the RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by the network entity 105 in different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by the transmitting device (such as the network entity 105), or by the receiving device (such as the UE 115)) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0101] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by the transmitting device (e.g., the transmitting network entity 105, the transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with the receiving device (such as the receiving network entity 105 or the receiving UE 115)). In some examples, the beam direction associated with the transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, the UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 in different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 receives with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0102] In some examples, transmissions made by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a set of configured beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signal (CRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may or may not be precoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel type codebook, linear combination type codebook, port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) in one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying beam directions used by UE 115 for subsequent transmissions or receptions), or for transmitting signals in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

[0103] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform receive operations according to multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple receive directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing the received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, where any of these may refer to "listening" according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0104] The wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network that operates according to a hierarchical protocol stack. In the user plane, the communication at the bearer or PDCP layer can be IP-based. The RLC layer can perform packet segmentation and reassembly for conveyance via logical channels. The MAC layer can perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer can also implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmission to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC layer can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of the RRC connection that supports the radio bearers for user plane data between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 or the core network 130. The PHY layer can map the transport channels to physical channels.

[0105] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 can support the retransmission of data to increase the likelihood that the data is successfully received. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is a technique for increasing the likelihood of correctly receiving data via a communication link (e.g., communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ can include a combination of error detection (e.g., using cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve the throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, the device can support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device can provide HARQ feedback for data received via previous symbols in a particular slot during that slot. In some other examples, the device can provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot or according to some other time interval.

[0106] Some wireless devices, such as UE 115 and network entity 105, may implement analog beamforming using LOS MIMO with highly directional beamforming. However, in some cases, the device may experience signaling interference or beam failure in the LOS direction, resulting in reduced throughput. The techniques described herein may also support the use of one or more NLOS paths in addition to the LOS path, which may lead to improved performance of the LOS-MIMO system, such as in such cases of increased interference. For example, at least one panel of the LOS-MIMO system implemented at the device may form one or more beams directed on one or more NLOS paths. In such examples, the device may support a multi-panel antenna array to perform multi-path analog beamforming to harvest both LOS and NLOS path gains in the mmW and higher frequency bands. More specifically, antenna elements may be bundled into several panels at both the receiving device and the transmitting device, where one or more antenna panels support LOS beamforming or NLOS beamforming (e.g., for a hybrid-connected or fully-connected architecture, one antenna panel supports simultaneous LOS and NLOS, or for a sub-array-connected architecture, separate antenna panels point to separate LOS and NLOS directions).

[0107] Figure 2 An example of a network architecture 200 (e.g., a split base station architecture, a split RAN architecture) that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multi-path beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The network architecture 200 may illustrate an example for implementing one or more aspects of the wireless communication system 100. The network architecture 200 may include one or more CUs 160-a, which may communicate directly with the core network 130-a via a fronthaul communication link 120-a, or indirectly with the core network 130-a through one or more split network entities 105 (e.g., the near RT RIC 175-b via an E2 link or the non-RT RIC 175-a associated with the SMO 180-a (e.g., the SMO framework) or both). The CU 160-a may communicate with one or more DUs 165-a via a respective midhaul communication link 162-a (e.g., the F1 interface). The DU 165-a may communicate with one or more RUs 170-a via a respective fronthaul communication link 168-a. The RU 170-a may be associated with a respective coverage area 110-a and may communicate with the UE 115-a via one or more communication links 125-a. In some specific implementations, the UE 115-a may be served by multiple RUs 170-a simultaneously.

[0108] Each network entity 105 in the network entity 105 of the network architecture 200 (e.g., CU 160-a, DU 165-a, RU 170-a, non-RT RIC 175-a, near-RT RIC 175-b, SMO 180-a, Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 205, Open eNB (O-eNB) 210) may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals (e.g., data, information) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each network entity 105 or an associated processor (e.g., a controller) providing instructions to the interface of the network entity 105 may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other network entities 105 via the transmission medium. For example, these network entities 105 may include a wired interface configured to receive signals on a wired transmission medium or transmit signals to one or more of the other network entities 105 on the wired transmission medium. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity 105 may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (e.g., an RF transceiver) configured to receive signals on a wireless transmission medium, or transmit signals to one or more of the other network entities 105 on the wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0109] In some examples, CU 160-a may host one or more higher-layer control functions. Such control functions may include RRC, PDCP, SDAP, etc. Each control function may utilize an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 160-a. CU 160-a may be configured to handle user-plane functionality (e.g., CU-UP), control-plane functionality (e.g., CU-CP), or a combination thereof. In some examples, CU 160-a may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bi-directionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface such as an E1 interface. As needed, CU 160-a may be implemented to communicate with DU 165-a for network control and signaling.

[0110] DU 165-a may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more functions (e.g., base station functions, RAN functions) for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 170-a. In some examples, DU 165-a may host at least in part one or more aspects of the RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer (e.g., high PHY layer, such as modules for FEC encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, and demodulation, etc.), at least in part depending on the functional split, such as those defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some examples, DU 165-a may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers hosted by DU 165-a or with control functions hosted by CU160-a.

[0111] In some examples, lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 170-a. For example, an RU 170-a controlled by DU 165-a may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (e.g., performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both, at least in part based on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, RU 170-a may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 115-a. In some embodiments, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control plane and user plane communication with RU 170-a may be controlled by the corresponding DU 165-a. In some examples, such a configuration may enable DU 165-a and CU 160-a to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0112] The SMO 180-a can be configured to support the RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network entities 105. For non-virtualized network entities 105, the SMO 180-a can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, and these dedicated physical resources can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (e.g., the O1 interface). For virtualized network entities 105, the SMO 180-a can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., the O-Cloud 205) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., the O2 interface) to perform network entity lifecycle management (e.g., to instantiate the virtualized network entity 105). Such virtualized network entities 105 can include, but are not limited to, the CU 160-a, the DU 165-a, the RU 170-a, and the near-RT RIC 175-b. In some specific implementations, the SMO 180-a can communicate with components configured according to 4G RAN (e.g., via the O1 interface). Additionally or alternatively, in some specific implementations, the SMO 180-a can directly communicate with one or more RUs 170-a via the O1 interface. The SMO 180-a can also include a non-RT RIC 175-a, which is configured to support the functionality of the SMO 180-a.

[0113] The non-RT RIC 175-a can be configured to include logic functions that implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) workflows (including model training and updating, or policy-based steering of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 175-b). The non-RT RIC 175-a can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 175-b (e.g., via the A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 175-b can be configured to include logic functions that implement near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions on an interface (e.g., via the E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 160-a, one or more DUs 165-a, or both, and the O-eNB 210 to the near-RT RIC 175-b.

[0114] In some examples, to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near RT RIC 175-b, the non-RT RIC 175-a may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near RT RIC 175-b and may be received at the SMO 180-a or the non-RT RIC 175-a from a non-network data source or from a network function. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 175-a or the near RT RIC 175-b may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 175-a may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI model or an ML model to perform corrective actions via the SMO 180-a (e.g., via reconfiguration of O1) or via the generation of RAN management policies such as A1 policies.

[0115] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system 300 that supports enhanced LOS communication with simulated multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, the wireless communication system 300 may support communication between a UE 115-a and a network entity 105-a. The UE 115-a may be an example of the UE 115 as described in reference Figure 1 and may support the RU capabilities as described in reference Figure 2 The network entity 105-a may be an example of the network entity 105 as described in reference Figure 1 and may support DU capabilities, RU capabilities, or both, as described in reference Figure 2 The network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a may also be examples of general wireless devices as described herein.

[0116] Network entity 105-a can communicate with UE 115-a using LOS MIMO technology, NLOS MIMO technology, or both based on channel conditions, device capabilities, etc. For example, network entity 105-a can send capability signaling 310, which can include an indication of the ability of network entity 105-a (e.g., the second wireless device) to send signaling concurrently in both LOS analog beamforming directions and NLOS analog beamforming directions. Network entity 105-a can send a message to UE 115-a (e.g., the first wireless device) according to this capability, and UE 115-a can determine the directions from which it is to receive signaling, namely the corresponding LOS direction and NLOS direction. Network entity 105-a can use antenna panel 305-a to send message 315. Antenna panel 305-a can support signaling via one or more LOS paths and one or more NLOS paths simultaneously, for example, using analog beamforming. UE 115-a can send channel state information (CSI) feedback 320 to inform network entity 105-a of the parameters of the LOS direction and NLOS direction (e.g., signaling strength, achievable rank, link reliability) to further enhance both LOS communication and NLOS communication. Based on the capability signaling from network entity 105-a, UE 115-a can use antenna panel 305-b to receive LOS signaling and NLOS signaling from the network entity in different directions.

[0117] In some high-frequency communication systems (e.g., communication via the mmW band, sub-THz band, or other high-frequency deployments), devices can employ analog beamforming to overcome high path loss and achieve a relatively high SNR. In some examples, such as for systems that support a higher signaling capacity, LOS-MIMO can increase the available spatial degrees of freedom by employing orthogonal spatial waveforms across the transmit aperture and receive aperture. In some examples, such as for high-frequency transmissions or for transmissions over long distances, LOS-MIMO can be implemented with analog beamforming to further increase coverage and reliability. In such systems, an analog beam pointing in the LOS direction (e.g., a single direction) can be formed at the antenna aperture. Thus, LOS-MIMO can rely on an optimally spaced multi-panel array to achieve high spatial degrees of freedom (e.g., channel rank) and increased channel capacity.

[0118] The techniques described herein allow for the use of simultaneous analog beamforming, for example, in both LOS and NLOS directions, to apply LOS-MIMO concurrently with NLOS signaling. Such embodiments can improve the performance of LOS-MIMO systems. At least one antenna panel at network entity 105-a, such as antenna panel 305-a, can form beams corresponding to LOS and NLOS paths. In such examples, network entity 105-a can implement analog beamforming such as AWC with multipath analog beamforming (e.g., when the network entity supports LOS-MIMO via a multi-panel antenna array in millimeter wave and higher frequency bands). Network entity 105-a can combine AWC techniques with multipath analog beamforming and digital beamforming, where different segments of the array aperture are waveform decoded with analog beams pointing in different directions (LOS and NLOS paths), as illustrated by antenna panel 305-a. In some examples, to support this simultaneous LOS and NLOS signaling, network entity 105-a can support more than one spatial beamforming direction and can allocate more than four DMRS ports per spatial beamforming direction.

[0119] Analog beamforming in LOS-MIMO systems can result in increased LOS and NLOS path gains. For example, as the distance between UE 115-a and network entity 105-a increases, the channel capacity may decrease, and there may be an increased risk of increased blockage and deep shadow fading that can reduce the effectiveness of LOS techniques. When UE 115-a and network entity 105-a experience such a reduction in channel capacity and a relative degradation of LOS communication, network entity 105-a can use both LOS and NLOS techniques to provide additional communication layers and increase overall signaling quality and reliability. For example, wireless capacity can be increased by harvesting NLOS paths in addition to the LOS direction.

[0120] In some embodiments, network entity 105-a can generate spatial degrees of freedom via LOS and NLOS paths. For example, LOS-MIMO can generate spatial degrees of freedom through the curvature of the wavefront within the receiver aperture or transmitter aperture, and operating MIMO at low frequencies generates spatial degrees of freedom through multiple paths. In applications of wireless fronthaul at large distances, for example, when network entity 105-a employs aperture waveform decoding with analog multipath beamforming, network entity 105-a can share antennas between RF chains (with a hybrid connection structure or a fully connected structure as described herein).

[0121] The antenna panel 305-a can be configured using various array architectures to utilize signaling that uses NLOS paths in addition to the LOS path, where analog beamforming occurs simultaneously in the LOS direction and the NLOS direction. For example, possible array architectures can include separate sub-array architectures, hybrid-connected sub-array architectures, or fully-connected sub-array architectures, and can be further described with reference to Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C . The capability signaling 310 can indicate to the UE 115-a that the network entity 105-a has the capability to transmit in two directions (specified by two Transmission Configuration Indices (TCI) states), and how many layers are associated with each direction (e.g., how many DMRS ports are associated with each direction). The UE 115-a (e.g., RU) can use the capability signaling 310 from the network entity 105-a (e.g., DU) to prepare the antenna panel (e.g., antenna panel 305-b) for each direction to receive the message 315 in both the LOS direction and the NLOS direction. In some examples, the network entity 105-a can use rank 5 in the LOS and rank 2 in the NLOS. Correspondingly, the UE 115-a can also dedicate at least 5 sub-arrays in its sub-array to point specifically to the LOS direction and at least 2 sub-arrays to point specifically to the NLOS direction.

[0122] In some examples, antenna elements can be bundled into several panels at the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a. Analog beamforming towards the LOS direction or the NLOS direction can be achieved through the panels of antenna elements (e.g., antenna panel 305-a and antenna panel 305-b). In some examples of the connection architecture, such as the sub-array connection architecture, one antenna panel can point to the LOS direction or the NLOS direction. In some other examples, one antenna panel such as antenna panel 305-a can point to both the LOS direction and the NLOS direction simultaneously (hybrid-connected or fully-connected architecture). In some specific implementations, different antenna geometries at the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a can be used to accommodate both the LOS beamforming direction and the NLOS beamforming direction.

[0123] In some examples, the number of panels dedicated to the LOS direction or the NLOS direction can depend on the number of parameters received by the network entity 105-a from the UE 115-a via the CSI feedback 320. For example, these parameters can include received signal strength, achievable rank, and link reliability.

[0124] The techniques described herein can support a downlink system, an uplink system, or both. For example, in a downlink system, a network entity 105-a (e.g., a transmitter, a DU, or a giga node B (gNB)) can signal to a UE 115-a (e.g., a receiver, a RU) the applied analog beamforming directions (LOS and NLOS) associated with each DMRS port for signaling via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The UE 115-a can signal to the network entity 105-a how many panels are available for transmission and reception. This design can be applicable to wireless fronthaul applications where one network entity can be a transmitter and the other network entity can be a receiver. In an uplink system, a network entity 105-a (e.g., a receiver) can signal to a UE 115-a (e.g., a transmitter) the applied analog beamforming directions for reception of each DMRS port for communication via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The network entity 105-a can signal to the UE 115-a the number of panels to be used for sounding reference signals (SRS) and PUSCH in each direction (LOS and NLOS).

[0125] The techniques described herein for a hybrid connection structure allow for compensating for a reduced rank of the LOS path at large distances by adding degrees of freedom of the NLOS path to achieve improved spectral efficiency. For example, the AWC performance of a hybrid connection can vary according to spectral efficiency, and adding an NLOS path to the LOS path can increase the number of available signaling paths to increase system reliability and throughput.

[0126] Figure 4A An example of an antenna panel architecture 401 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The antenna panel architecture 401 illustrates an example of a design for a subarray connection architecture. A matrix 405-a can include LOS beams and NLOS beams corresponding to panels and RFs. Rows can indicate panels, and columns can indicate RFs. In the matrix 405-a, RF1 and panel 1 correspond to an LOS analog beam, RF6 and panel 6 correspond to an NLOS beam, and so on.

[0127] In the matrix 405-a, each antenna panel (composed of N antenna elements) can be driven by or otherwise associated with a single RF chain. Each panel can be assigned a different beam (e.g., a beam in the LOS direction or the NLOS direction). Each panel can form an analog beam pointing in the LOS direction (e.g., beam weight V1) or the NLOS direction (e.g., beam weight V2).

[0128] Figure 4BAn example of an antenna panel architecture 402 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The antenna panel architecture 402 illustrates an example of a design for a hybrid connection architecture. The matrix 405-b may include LOS beams and NLOS beams corresponding to the panels and corresponding RF chains. The rows may indicate the panels, and the columns may indicate the RF chains. In the matrix 405-b, RF1, Panel 1, and Panel 2 may correspond to the LOS analog beam, while RF2, Panel 1, and Panel 2 may correspond to the NLOS beam, and so on.

[0129] Each antenna panel may be driven by or otherwise associated with two or more RF chains (e.g., less than all RF chains). For example, Panel 1 and Panel 2 may be driven by RF1 and RF2, and each panel may form an analog beam that simultaneously points in the LOS direction (e.g., beam weight V1) and the NLOS direction (e.g., beam weight V2). In some examples, the transmit power allocation between the LOS direction and the NLOS direction may be adjusted dynamically. For example, the design may include an analog beam weight V1 pointing in the LOS direction and an analog beam weight V2 pointing in the NLOS direction. The relative power assigned to V1 and V2 may be optimized or adjusted to meet a total power threshold and may be assigned to use any unused power from the LOS path (e.g., after the LOS path reaches constellation saturation or another power threshold). In such examples, the relative power assignment may be adjusted dynamically. In some other examples, odd-numbered RFs may use the beam weight V1 corresponding to the LOS direction and even-numbered RFs may use the beam weight V2 corresponding to the NLOS direction. In some examples, such hybrid connection may significantly improve system performance, for example, with respect to system performance associated with subarray connection.

[0130] Figure 4C An example of an antenna panel architecture 403 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The antenna panel architecture 403 illustrates an example of a design for a hybrid subarray connection architecture. The matrix 405-c may include LOS beams and NLOS beams corresponding to the RF chains and zero-weighted entries. The columns may indicate the RF chains, and the rows may be defined by an analog size (e.g., W-_Analog-1024x8). In the matrix 405-c, RF1 may include a LOS beam built from half of the panel elements and a zero-weighting for the other half of the panel elements. RF2 may include a zero-weighting for half of the panel elements and a LOS beam or NLOS beam built from the other half of the panel elements, and so on. In some examples, such hybrid connection may improve subarray connection performance.

[0131] In some examples, the carrier phase offset (CPO) may be associated with the LOS direction. Zero may be assigned to create a null value and zero may be assigned to the second half of the odd RF chain beamforming vectors, and CPO beamforming is assigned to the first half. Zero may be assigned to the first half of the even RF chain beamforming vectors, and CPO beamforming may be assigned to the second half. For example, the first half of RF1 may be the CPO beam for LOS and the second half may be zero, and the first half of RF2 may be zero and the second half may be the CPO beam for LOS or NLOS. In some examples, the beam may switch to CPO, such as if the LOS channel is strong (e.g., short distance).

[0132] In some examples, the hybrid architecture may include using SSB beam sweeping or CSI-RS beam refinement processing, which may find the first strongest beam (e.g., b1) and the second strongest beam (e.g., b2). Based on the beam power ratio (e.g., Pwr_b1 / Pwr_b2) and a threshold, analog beamforming weights may be assigned to different RF chains (e.g., to utilize both the LOS and NLOS signal paths) pointing in the direction of the first strongest beam or the second strongest beam. In some examples, throughput performance metrics may be used to find the appropriate beam for the subarray connection panel of the LOS-MIMO configuration when the non-LOS path is also available (e.g., in addition to the LOS path), which may result in increased system throughput relative to a single LOS path. In some examples, throughput performance metrics may be used to find the beam for the hybrid connection panel in the presence of a non-LOS path, which may further increase system throughput.

[0133] Figure 5 An example of process flow 500 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Process flow 500 illustrates communication between a first wireless device 505-a and a second wireless device 505-b. The first wireless device 505-a and the second wireless device 505-b may be examples of the network entity 105, the UE 115, or another wireless device as described herein. In the following description of process flow 500, operations between the wireless devices may be sent in an order different from that shown, or other operations may be added or removed from process flow 500. For example, some operations may also be omitted from process flow 500, some operations may be performed in a different order or at different times, or other operations may be added to process flow 500. Although the first wireless device 505-a and the second wireless device 505-b are shown as performing the operations of process flow 500, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless or network devices.

[0134] At 510, the first wireless device 505-a may receive an indication from the second wireless device 505-b of the second wireless device 505-b's ability to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS mode).

[0135] At 515, the first wireless device 505-a may send an indication to the second wireless device 505-b of a first number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device 505-b in the first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction.

[0136] At 520, the first wireless device 505-a may receive a first downlink message from the second wireless device 505-b in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state. In some examples, the first wireless device 505-a may receive the first downlink message via a first plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the LOS mode and receive the second downlink message via a second plurality of antenna elements corresponding to an indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS). In some examples, the first plurality of antenna elements and the second plurality of antenna elements may be located at one or more antenna panels of the first wireless device 505-a.

[0137] In some examples, the first wireless device 505-a may receive the first downlink message via a first set of antenna panels and receive the second downlink message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, where the first set of antenna panels corresponds to the LOS mode and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to an indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS). In some examples, each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels may be connected to a subset of antennas, the subset of antennas including a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device 505-a.

[0138] In some examples, the first wireless device 505-a may concurrently receive a first downlink message and a second downlink message via the same set of antenna panels, where the first downlink message corresponds to the LOS mode and the second downlink message corresponds to the indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS). In some examples, each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels may be connected to multiple subsets or all of the antennas, and the multiple subsets or all of the antennas include a hybrid connection architecture or a fully connected architecture implemented by the first wireless device 505-a.

[0139] At 525, the first wireless device 505-a may receive a configuration indication message. For example, the first wireless device 505-a may receive a TCI message including QCL information indicating a first analog beamforming direction and a second analog beamforming direction.

[0140] At 530, the first wireless device 505-a may receive a first DMRS in the first analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel and a second DMRS in the second analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel based on the TCI message. The first DMRS may be received via a first DMRS port and the second DMRS may be received via a second DMRS port based on the TCI message.

[0141] In some examples, the first DMRS port may be associated with a first set of DMRS ports, the first set of DMRS ports corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction of the LOS mode, and the second DMRS port may be associated with a second set of DMRS ports, the second set of DMRS ports corresponding to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS).

[0142] At 535, the first wireless device 505-a may send a first uplink message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second uplink message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction based on the TCI message.

[0143] At 540, the first wireless device 505-a may send a CSI feedback message to the second wireless device 505-b including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, where a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS) are based on the one or more parameters. In some examples, the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

[0144] Figure 6 FIG. 600 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 605 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The apparatus 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The apparatus 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communication manager 620. The apparatus 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0145] The receiver 610 may provide components for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming). The information may be passed to other components of the apparatus 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[0146] The transmitter 615 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of the apparatus 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming). In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with the receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[0147] The communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of components for performing various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein. For example, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0148] In some examples, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured to or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and the memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by the processor executing instructions stored in the memory).

[0149] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured to or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0150] In some examples, the communication manager 620 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, the communication manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, convey information to the transmitter 615, or integrate in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0151] The communication manager 620 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving an indication of the ability of a second wireless device to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode. The communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0152] By including or configuring a communication manager 620 according to examples as described herein, a device 605 (e.g., a processor that controls or is otherwise coupled to a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, a communication manager 620, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for enhancing LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming, which can result in reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient use of communication resources, or a combination thereof.

[0153] Figure 7 Block diagram 700 illustrates a device 705 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 can be an example of aspects of the device 605 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 can include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 can also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0154] The receiver 710 can provide means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming). The information can be passed to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 can utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0155] The transmitter 715 can provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 can transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming). In some examples, the transmitter 715 can be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 can utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0156] Device 705 or its various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein. For example, communication manager 720 can include a capability indication component 725, a downlink message component 730, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 720 can be an example of aspects of communication manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 720 or its various components can be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, communication manager 720 can receive information from receiver 710, convey information to transmitter 715, or integrate with receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both in combination to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0157] Communication manager 720 can support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. Capability indication component 725 can be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving an indication of the capability to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode from a second wireless device. Downlink message component 730 can be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first downlink message from a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state.

[0158] Figure 8 Block diagram 800 illustrates a communication manager 820 supporting enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Communication manager 820 can be an example of aspects of communication manager 620, communication manager 720, or both as described herein. Communication manager 820 or its various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 can include a capability indication component 825, a downlink message component 830, a CSI feedback message component 835, an antenna panel indication component 840, or any combination thereof. Each of these components can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0159] The communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The capability indication component 825 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving an indication of the capability of a second wireless device to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode. The downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receiving a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0160] In some examples, the CSI feedback message component 835 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for transmitting a CSI feedback message including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both to the second wireless device, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode are based on the one or more parameters.

[0161] In some examples, the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

[0162] In some examples, the first downlink message includes a first DMRS, and the second downlink message includes a second DMRS, and the downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a TCI message including QCL information indicating the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction. In some examples, the first downlink message includes a first DMRS, and the second downlink message includes a second DMRS, and the downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the first DMRS in the first analog beamforming direction on a downlink data channel and receiving the second DMRS in the second analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel based on the TCI message.

[0163] In some examples, to support receiving the first DMRS and the second DMRS, the downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving the first DMRS via a first DMRS port and receiving the second DMRS via a second DMRS port based on the TCI message.

[0164] In some examples, a first DMRS port is associated with a first set of DMRS ports, the first set of DMRS ports corresponding to a first analog beamforming direction of a LOS mode, and a second DMRS port is associated with a second set of DMRS ports, the second set of DMRS ports corresponding to a second analog beamforming direction of an indirect LOS mode.

[0165] In some examples, the downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a first uplink message to a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction and a second uplink message to the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction based on a TCI message.

[0166] In some examples, the antenna panel indication component 840 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending an indication to a second wireless device of a first number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction.

[0167] In some examples, to support receiving a first downlink message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving a second downlink message in a second analog beamforming direction, the downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving the first downlink message via a first set of multiple antenna elements and receiving the second downlink message via a second set of multiple antenna elements, the first set of multiple antenna elements corresponding to a LOS mode and the second set of multiple antenna elements corresponding to an indirect LOS mode.

[0168] In some examples, the first set of multiple antenna elements and the second set of multiple antenna elements are located at one or more antenna panels of the first wireless device.

[0169] In some examples, to support receiving a first downlink message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving a second downlink message in a second analog beamforming direction, the downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving the first downlink message via a first set of antenna panels and receiving the second downlink message via a non - overlapping second set of antenna panels, where the first set of antenna panels corresponds to a LOS mode and the non - overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0170] In some examples, each antenna panel in a first set of antenna panels and a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels is connected to a subset of antennas, the subset of antennas including a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device.

[0171] In some examples, to support receiving a first downlink message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving a second downlink message in a second analog beamforming direction, the downlink message component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for concurrently receiving the first downlink message and the second downlink message via the same set of antenna panels, where the first downlink message corresponds to a LOS mode and the second downlink message corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0172] In some examples, each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels is connected to multiple subsets of antennas or all antennas, the multiple subsets of antennas or all antennas including a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by the first wireless device.

[0173] Figure 9 FIG. 900 illustrates a system including a device 905 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of the device 605, the device 705, or the UE 115 described herein, or include components thereof. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 905 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, the components including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller 910, a transceiver 915, an antenna 925, a memory 930, code 935, and a processor 940. These components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 945).

[0174] The I / O controller 910 may manage input signals and output signals of the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripheral devices not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 910 may represent, or interact with, a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 940). In some cases, a user may interact with device 905 via I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 910.

[0175] In some cases, device 905 may include a single antenna 925. However, in some other cases, device 905 may have more than one antenna 925, and the more than one antenna may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via one or more antennas 925, wired or wireless links, as described herein. For example, transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 915 may also include a modem that is configured to: modulate packets; provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission; and demodulate packets received from one or more antennas 925. Transceiver 915, or transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be examples of transmitter 615, transmitter 715, receiver 610, receiver 710, or any combination thereof, or components thereof, as described herein.

[0176] Memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). Memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935 that includes instructions that, when executed by processor 940, cause device 905 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 935 may not be directly executable by processor 940, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, memory 930 may also contain a basic input / output system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or devices.

[0177] Processor 940 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 940. Processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 930) to cause device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming). For example, device 905 or components of device 905 may include processor 940 and memory 930 coupled to or coupled with processor 940, and processor 940 and memory 930 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0178] Communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, communication manager 920 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving an indication of the ability to receive, from a second wireless device, a first signaling transmitted in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to an LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode. Communication manager 920 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first downlink message from a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state.

[0179] By including or configuring communication manager 920 according to examples as described herein, device 905 may support techniques for enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming, which may result in improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience associated with reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, improved utilization of processing, or a combination thereof.

[0180] In some examples, the communication manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise in concert with transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more of the functions described with reference to the communication manager 920 may be supported or performed by processor 940, memory 930, code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein, or the processor 940 and memory 930 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0181] Figure 10 Block diagram 1000 illustrates a device 1005 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communication manager 1020. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0182] The receiver 1010 may provide components for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0183] The transmitter 1015 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, delivering) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical fiber) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0184] The communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or various components thereof may be examples of components for performing various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0185] In some examples, the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and the memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by the processor executing instructions stored in the memory).

[0186] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure.

[0187] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, the communication manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, convey information to the transmitter 1015, or integrate with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both in combination to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0188] The communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending an indication of the ability to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first message to a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state and concurrently send a second message to the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state.

[0189] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to examples as described herein, a device 1005 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communication manager 1020, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for enhancing LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming, which may result in reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, or a combination thereof.

[0190] Figure 11 Block diagram 1100 illustrates a device 1105 supporting enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of the device 1005 or the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0191] The receiver 1110 may provide components for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1105. In some examples, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0192] The transmitter 1115 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, delivering) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0193] The device 1105 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may include a capability indicator component 1125, a message component 1130, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1020 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 1120 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communication manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, convey information to the transmitter 1115, or integrate with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both in combination to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0194] The communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The capability indication component 1125 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending an indication of the capability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device. The message component 1130 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently send a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0195] Figure 12 FIG. 1200 is a block diagram illustrating a communication manager 1220 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1020, the communication manager 1120, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1220 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 may include a capability indication component 1225, a message component 1230, a CSI feedback message component 1235, an antenna panel indication component 1240, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses), which may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with the network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with the network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0196] The communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The capability indication component 1225 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending an indication of the capability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device. The message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently send a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0197] In some examples, the CSI feedback message component 1235 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a CSI feedback message from a second wireless device that includes one or more parameters associated with a first analog beamforming direction, a second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode are based on the one or more parameters.

[0198] In some examples, the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first and second analog beamforming directions, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first and second analog beamforming directions, or any combination thereof.

[0199] In some examples, the first message includes a first DMRS, and the second message includes a second DMRS, and the message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting a TCI message that includes QCL information indicating the first and second analog beamforming directions. In some examples, the first message includes a first DMRS, and the second message includes a second DMRS, and the message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the first DMRS in the first analog beamforming direction and the second DMRS in the second analog beamforming direction on a downlink data channel.

[0200] In some examples, to support transmission of the first and second DMRSs, the message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the first DMRS via a first DMRS port and the second DMRS via a second DMRS port based on the TCI message.

[0201] In some examples, the first DMRS port is associated with a first set of DMRS ports that corresponds to the first analog beamforming direction of the LOS mode, and the second DMRS port is associated with a second set of DMRS ports that corresponds to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect LOS mode.

[0202] In some examples, the message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first uplink message from a second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second uplink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction based on the TCI message.

[0203] In some examples, the antenna panel indication component 1240 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending an indication to a second wireless device of a first number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels available for communicating with the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction.

[0204] In some examples, to support sending a first message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently sending a second message in a second analog beamforming direction, the message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending the first message via a first set of multiple antenna elements and sending the second message via a second set of multiple antenna elements, where the first set of multiple antenna elements corresponds to a LOS mode and the second set of multiple antenna elements corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0205] In some examples, the first set of multiple antenna elements and the second set of multiple antenna elements are located at one or more antenna panels of the first wireless device.

[0206] In some examples, to support sending a first message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently sending a second message in a second analog beamforming direction, the message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending the first message via a first set of antenna panels and sending the second message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, where the first set of antenna panels corresponds to a LOS mode and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0207] In some examples, each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels is connected to a subset of the antennas, where the subset of the antennas includes a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device.

[0208] In some examples, to support sending a first message in a first analog beamforming direction and concurrently sending a second message in a second analog beamforming direction, the message component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending the first message and the second message via the same set of antenna panels, where the first message corresponds to a LOS mode and the second message corresponds to an indirect LOS mode.

[0209] In some examples, each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels is connected to multiple subsets or all of the antennas, where the multiple subsets or all of the antennas include a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by the first wireless device.

[0210] Figure 13FIG. 1300 illustrates a system including a device 1305 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of the device 1005, the device 1105, or the network entity 105 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1305 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and the communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, via one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1305 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communication, such as a communication manager 1320, a transceiver 1310, an antenna 1315, a memory 1325, code 1330, and a processor 1335. These components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1340).

[0211] The transceiver 1310 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1305 may include one or more antennas 1315, which may be capable of sending or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1310 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1315, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1315, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to the one or more antennas 1315 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to the one or more antennas 1315 configured to support various sending or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components, which are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310, or the transceiver 1310 and one or more antennas 1315, or the transceiver 1310 and one or more antennas 1315 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1335 or memory 1325 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in the device 1305. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (eg, communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0212] The memory 1325 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1330 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1335, cause the device 1305 to perform the various functions described herein. The code 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1330 may not be directly executable by the processor 1335 but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, the memory 1325 may also contain BIOS, which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or devices.

[0213] The processor 1335 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1335. The processor 1335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1325) to cause the device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming). For example, the device 1305 or components of the device 1305 may include the processor 1335 and a memory 1325 coupled to the processor 1335, and the processor 1335 and the memory 1325 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. The processor 1335 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that may host functions for performing the functions of the device 1305 (e.g., by executing code 1330). The processor 1335 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1305 (such as within the memory 1325). In some specific implementations, the processor 1335 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system generally may refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive inputs and process these inputs to produce outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the device 1305). For example, the processing system of the device 1305 may refer to a system that includes various other components or sub-components of the device 1305 (such as the processor 1335, or the transceiver 1310, or the communication manager 1320, or a combination of other components or components of the device 1305). The processing system of the device 1305 may interface with other components of the device 1305 and may process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of the device 1305 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information or the same interface configured to output information and obtain information, as well as other specific implementations. In some specific implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter such that the device 1305 may transmit information output from the chip or modem.Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of a chip or modem and a receiver, such that the device 1305 can obtain information or signal inputs, and the information can be passed to the processing system. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also obtain information or signal inputs, and the second interface may also output information or signal outputs.

[0214] In some examples, the bus 1340 may support communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack (e.g., within the protocol layer). In some examples, the bus 1340 may support communication associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of the device 1305, or communication performed between different components of the device 1305 that may be co-located or located at different positions (e.g., where the device 1305 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communication manager 1320, transceiver 1310, memory 1325, code 1330, and processor 1335 may be located in one component or divided among different components).

[0215] In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may manage aspects of communication with the core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communication manager 1320 may manage the transmission of data communication for client devices such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may manage communication with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for coordinating with other network entities 105 to control communication with the UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may support the X2 interface within the LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0216] The communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1320 may be configured or otherwise support components for sending an indication of the ability to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device. The communication manager 1320 may be configured or otherwise support components for sending a first message to a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently sending a second message to the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0217] By including or configuring a communication manager 1320 according to examples as described herein, device 1305 may support techniques for enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming, which may result in improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience associated with reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, improved utilization of processing, or a combination thereof.

[0218] In some examples, communication manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise in conjunction with transceiver 1310, one or more antennas 1315 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although communication manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to communication manager 1320 may be supported or performed by transceiver 1310, processor 1335, memory 1325, code 1330, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1330 may include instructions that, when executed by processor 1335, cause device 1305 to perform various aspects of enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming as described herein, or processor 1335 and memory 1325 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0219] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for supporting enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to Figures 1 to 9 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0220] At 1405, the method may include receiving, from a second wireless device, an indication of the second wireless device's ability to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode. The operation of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1405 may be performed by a capabilities indication component 825 as described with reference to Figure 8 In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1405 may be performed by a capabilities indication component 825 as described with reference to

[0221] At 1410, the method may include receiving a first downlink message from a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state and concurrently receiving a second downlink message from the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a downlink message component 830 as described with reference to Figure 8 as described.

[0222] Figure 15 Illustrates a flowchart of a method 1500 that supports enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1500 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to Figures 1 to 9 as described. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0223] At 1505, the method may include receiving an indication of the second wireless device's ability to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode. The operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a capability indication component 825 as described with reference to Figure 8 as described.

[0224] At 1510, the method may include receiving a first downlink message from a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state and concurrently receiving a second downlink message from the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a downlink message component 830 as described with reference to Figure 8 as described.

[0225] At 1515, the method may include sending a CSI feedback message to a second wireless device that includes one or more parameters associated with a first analog beamforming direction, a second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode are based on the one or more parameters. The operations at 1515 may be performed in accordance with the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations at 1515 may be performed by a CSI feedback message component 835 as described with reference to Figure 8 as described.

[0226] Figure 16 Illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 for supporting enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1600 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1600 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to Figures 1 to 5 and Figures 10 to 13 as described. In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0227] At 1605, the method may include sending an indication of the ability of a first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device. The operations at 1605 may be performed in accordance with the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations at 1605 may be performed by an ability indication component 1225 as described with reference to Figure 12 as described.

[0228] At 1610, the method may include sending a first message to a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state and concurrently sending a second message to the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state. The operations at 1610 may be performed in accordance with the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations at 1610 may be performed by a message component 1230 as described with reference to Figure 12 as described.

[0229] Figure 17 Illustrates a flowchart of a method 1700 for supporting enhanced LOS communication with analog multipath beamforming in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1700 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1700 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference toFigures 1 to 5 and Figures 10 to 13 performed by the network entities described. In some examples, the network entities may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0230] At 1705, the method may include sending an indication of the ability of a first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode to a second wireless device. The operation of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1705 may be performed by an ability indication component 1225 as described with reference to Figure 12 the description.

[0231] At 1710, the method may include sending a first message to a second wireless device in a first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently sending a second message to the second wireless device in a second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state. The operation of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1710 may be performed by a message component 1230 as described with reference to Figure 12 the description.

[0232] At 1715, the method may include receiving, from a second wireless device, a CSI feedback message including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode are based on the one or more parameters. The operation of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1715 may be performed by a CSI feedback message component 1235 as described with reference to Figure 12 the description.

[0233] An overview of aspects of the present disclosure is provided below:

[0234] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: receiving, from a second wireless device, an indication of the ability of the second wireless device to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to a LOS mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to an indirect LOS mode (e.g., NLOS); and receiving a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently receiving a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0235] Aspect 2: The method according to Aspect 1, further comprising: sending, to the second wireless device, a CSI feedback message including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode are at least partially based on the one or more parameters.

[0236] Aspect 3: The method according to Aspect 2, wherein the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

[0237] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the first downlink message includes a first DMRS, and the second downlink message includes a second DMRS, the method further comprising: receiving a TCI message including quasi - co - location information indicating the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction; and receiving the first DMRS in the first analog beamforming direction on a downlink data channel and receiving the second DMRS in the second analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel at least partially based on the TCI message.

[0238] Aspect 5: The method according to Aspect 4, wherein receiving the first DMRS and the second DMRS includes: receiving the first DMRS via a first DMRS port and receiving the second DMRS via a second DMRS port at least partially based on the TCI message.

[0239] Aspect 6: The method according to aspect 5, wherein the first DMRS port is associated with a first set of DMRS ports, the first set of DMRS ports corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction of the LOS mode, and the second DMRS port is associated with a second set of DMRS ports, the second set of DMRS ports corresponding to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect LOS mode.

[0240] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 4 to 6, further comprising: sending a first uplink message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second uplink message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction, at least partially based on the TCI message.

[0241] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, further comprising: sending an indication to the second wireless device of a first number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction.

[0242] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein receiving the first downlink message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving the second downlink message in the second analog beamforming direction further comprises: receiving the first downlink message via a first plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the LOS mode and receiving the second downlink message via a second plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the indirect LOS mode.

[0243] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 9, wherein the first plurality of antenna elements and the second plurality of antenna elements are located at one or more antenna panels of the first wireless device.

[0244] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein receiving the first downlink message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving the second downlink message in the second analog beamforming direction further comprises: receiving the first downlink message via a first set of antenna panels and receiving the second downlink message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, wherein the first set of antenna panels corresponds to the LOS mode and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to the indirect LOS mode.

[0245] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11, wherein each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels is connected to a subset of the antennas, the subset of the antennas including a sub-array, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device.

[0246] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein receiving the first downlink message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving the second downlink message in the second analog beamforming direction further comprises: concurrently receiving the first downlink message and the second downlink message via the same set of antenna panels, wherein the first downlink message corresponds to the LOS mode and the second downlink message corresponds to the indirect LOS mode.

[0247] Aspect 14: The method according to aspect 13, wherein each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels is connected to multiple subsets of the antennas or all the antennas, the multiple subsets of the antennas or all the antennas including a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by the first wireless device.

[0248] Aspect 15: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: sending to a second wireless device an indication of the ability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first TCI state corresponding to the LOS mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second TCI state corresponding to the indirect LOS mode; and sending a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first TCI state and concurrently sending a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second TCI state.

[0249] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15, further comprising: receiving from the second wireless device a CSI feedback message including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the LOS mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect LOS mode are at least partially based on the one or more parameters.

[0250] Aspect 17: The method according to aspect 16, wherein the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

[0251] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 17, wherein the first message includes a first DMRS, and the second message includes a second DMRS, and the method further includes: sending a TCI message including quasi co-location information indicating the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction; and sending the first DMRS in the first analog beamforming direction on a downlink data channel and sending the second DMRS in the second analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel.

[0252] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18, wherein sending the first DMRS and the second DMRS includes: sending the first DMRS via a first DMRS port and sending the second DMRS via a second DMRS port at least partially based on the TCI message.

[0253] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 19, wherein the first DMRS port is associated with a first set of DMRS ports, the first set of DMRS ports corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction of the LOS mode, and the second DMRS port is associated with a second set of DMRS ports, the second set of DMRS ports corresponding to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect LOS mode.

[0254] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 18 to 20, further includes: receiving a first uplink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and receiving a second uplink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction at least partially based on the TCI message.

[0255] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 21, further includes: sending an indication to the second wireless device of a first number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction.

[0256] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 22, wherein sending the first message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently sending the second message in the second analog beamforming direction further includes: sending the first message via a first plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the LOS mode and sending the second message via a second plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the indirect LOS mode.

[0257] Aspect 24: The method according to aspect 23, wherein the first plurality of antenna elements and the second plurality of antenna elements are located at one or more antenna panels of the first wireless device.

[0258] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 24, wherein transmitting the first message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently transmitting the second message in the second analog beamforming direction further comprises: transmitting the first message via a first set of antenna panels and transmitting the second message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, wherein the first set of antenna panels corresponds to the LOS mode and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to the indirect LOS mode.

[0259] Aspect 26: The method according to aspect 25, wherein each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels is connected to a subset of antennas, the subset of antennas comprising a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device.

[0260] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 26, wherein transmitting the first message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently transmitting the second message in the second analog beamforming direction further comprises: transmitting the first message and the second message via the same set of antenna panels, wherein the first message corresponds to the LOS mode and the second message corresponds to the indirect LOS mode.

[0261] Aspect 28: The method according to aspect 27, wherein each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels is connected to a plurality of subsets of antennas or all antennas, the plurality of subsets of antennas or all antennas comprising a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by the first wireless device.

[0262] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0263] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0264] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0265] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 28.

[0266] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 28.

[0267] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 28.

[0268] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other specific implementations are also possible. In addition, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0269] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0270] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0271] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein can be implemented or performed using a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0272] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these items. The features implementing the functions can also be physically located in different places, including being distributed such that portions of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0273] A computer-readable medium includes both a non-transitory computer storage medium and a communication medium, where the communication medium includes any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. The non-transitory storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general or special purpose computer or a general or special purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. As used herein, disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. A disk can magnetically reproduce data, and a disc can optically reproduce data using a laser. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable medium.

[0274] As used herein (including in the claims), the "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive listing such that, for example, the listing of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Additionally, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0275] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determine" can include operations, calculations, processing, derivation, research, lookup (such as via lookup in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertainment, and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Further, "determine" can include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0276] In the drawings, like components or features may have the same reference label. Additionally, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash and a second label used to differentiate between like components after the reference label. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description can apply to any one of the like components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second reference label or any other subsequent reference labels.

[0277] The description set forth herein in connection with the drawings describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples". The detailed description includes specific details for providing an understanding of the described techniques. However, the techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0278] The present description is provided to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive, from a second wireless device, an indication of the second wireless device's ability to transmit a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to a line-of-sight mode and concurrently transmit a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to an indirect line-of-sight mode; and receive a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first transmission configuration indicator state and concurrently receive a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second transmission configuration indicator state.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: send to the second wireless device a channel state information feedback message including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the line-of-sight mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect line-of-sight mode are at least partially based on the one or more parameters.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first downlink message includes a first demodulation reference signal, and the second downlink message includes a second demodulation reference signal, and the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a transmission configuration indication message including quasi co-location information indicating the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction; and receive the first demodulation reference signal in the first analog beamforming direction on a downlink data channel and receive the second demodulation reference signal in the second analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel at least partially based on the transmission configuration indication message.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the instructions for receiving the first demodulation reference signal and the second demodulation reference signal are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive the first demodulation reference signal via a first demodulation reference signal port and receive the second demodulation reference signal via a second demodulation reference signal port at least partially based on the transmission configuration indication message.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first demodulation reference signal port is associated with a first set of demodulation reference signal ports, the first set of demodulation reference signal ports corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction of the line-of-sight mode, and the second demodulation reference signal port is associated with a second set of demodulation reference signal ports, the second set of demodulation reference signal ports corresponding to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect line-of-sight mode.

7. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Transmit a first uplink message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second uplink message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction, at least in part based on the transmission configuration indication message.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Transmit to the second wireless device an indication of a first number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions for receiving the first downlink message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving the second downlink message in the second analog beamforming direction are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive the first downlink message via a first plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the line-of-sight mode and receive the second downlink message via a second plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the indirect line-of-sight mode.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first plurality of antenna elements and the second plurality of antenna elements are located at one or more antenna panels of the first wireless device.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions for receiving the first downlink message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving the second downlink message in the second analog beamforming direction are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive the first downlink message via a first set of antenna panels and receive the second downlink message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, wherein the first set of antenna panels corresponds to the line-of-sight mode and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to the indirect line-of-sight mode.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels is connected to a subset of antennas, the subset of antennas including a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions for receiving the first downlink message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently receiving the second downlink message in the second analog beamforming direction can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive the first downlink message and the second downlink message concurrently via the same set of antenna panels, wherein the first downlink message corresponds to the line-of-sight mode and the second downlink message corresponds to the indirect line-of-sight mode.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels is connected to multiple subsets or all of the antennas, and the multiple subsets or all of the antennas of the antennas include a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by the first wireless device.

15. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: A processor; A memory coupled to the processor; And Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Send an indication of the ability of the first wireless device to send a first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to the line-of-sight mode and concurrently send a second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to the indirect line-of-sight mode to a second wireless device; And Send a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first transmission configuration indicator state and concurrently send a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second transmission configuration indicator state.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the instructions can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive, from the second wireless device, a channel state information feedback message including one or more parameters associated with the first analog beamforming direction, the second analog beamforming direction, or both, wherein a first number of antenna panels associated with the line-of-sight mode and a second number of antenna panels associated with the indirect line-of-sight mode are at least partially based on the one or more parameters.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters include received signal strength measurements, channel rank parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, link reliability parameters corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction, or any combination thereof.

18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the first message includes a first demodulation reference signal and the second message includes a second demodulation reference signal, and the instructions can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Send a transmission configuration indication message including quasi co-location information indicating the first analog beamforming direction and the second analog beamforming direction; and Transmit the first demodulation reference signal in the first analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel and transmit the second demodulation reference signal in the second analog beamforming direction on the downlink data channel.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the instructions for transmitting the first demodulation reference signal and the second demodulation reference signal can be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Transmit the first demodulation reference signal via a first demodulation reference signal port and transmit the second demodulation reference signal via a second demodulation reference signal port, at least in part based on the transmission configuration indication message.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the first demodulation reference signal port is associated with a first set of demodulation reference signal ports, the first set of demodulation reference signal ports corresponding to the first analog beamforming direction of the line-of-sight mode, and the second demodulation reference signal port is associated with a second set of demodulation reference signal ports, the second set of demodulation reference signal ports corresponding to the second analog beamforming direction of the indirect line-of-sight mode.

21. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the instructions can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive a first uplink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and receive a second uplink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction, at least in part based on the transmission configuration indication message.

22. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the instructions can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Send an indication to the second wireless device of a first number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction and a second number of antenna panels that can be used to communicate with the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction.

23. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the instructions for transmitting the first message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently transmitting the second message in the second analog beamforming direction can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Transmit the first message via a first plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the line-of-sight mode and transmit the second message via a second plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the indirect line-of-sight mode.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the first plurality of antenna elements and the second plurality of antenna elements are located at one or more antenna panels of the first wireless device.

25. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the instructions for transmitting the first message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently transmitting the second message in the second analog beamforming direction can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Transmit the first message via a first set of antenna panels and transmit the second message via a non-overlapping second set of antenna panels, wherein the first set of antenna panels corresponds to the line-of-sight mode and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels corresponds to the indirect line-of-sight mode.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein each antenna panel in the first set of antenna panels and the non-overlapping second set of antenna panels is connected to a subset of antennas, the subset of antennas including a subarray, a partial connection architecture, or both implemented by the first wireless device.

27. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the instructions for transmitting the first message in the first analog beamforming direction and concurrently transmitting the second message in the second analog beamforming direction can further be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Transmit the first message and the second message via the same set of antenna panels, wherein the first message corresponds to the line-of-sight mode and the second message corresponds to the indirect line-of-sight mode.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein each antenna panel in the same set of antenna panels is connected to multiple subsets of antennas or all antennas, the multiple subsets of antennas or all antennas including a hybrid connection architecture or a full connection architecture implemented by the first wireless device.

29. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: Receiving, from a second wireless device, an indication of the ability of the second wireless device to transmit first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to a line-of-sight mode and concurrently transmit second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to an indirect line-of-sight mode; And Receiving a first downlink message from the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first transmission configuration indicator state and concurrently receiving a second downlink message from the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second transmission configuration indicator state.

30. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: Sending, to a second wireless device, an indication of the ability of the first wireless device to transmit first signaling in a first analog beamforming direction using a first transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to a line-of-sight mode and concurrently transmit second signaling in a second analog beamforming direction using a second transmission configuration indicator state corresponding to an indirect line-of-sight mode; And Sending a first message to the second wireless device in the first analog beamforming direction using the first transmission configuration indicator state and concurrently sending a second message to the second wireless device in the second analog beamforming direction using the second transmission configuration indicator state.

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