A low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, its preparation method, and sanitary ware

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of glaze technology, specifically to a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, its preparation method, and sanitary ware. The low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze provided by this invention includes a glaze material and an antibacterial material. The glaze material includes albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcined talc, calcined kaolin, and low-alumina raw materials. The low-alumina raw materials include quartz, zircon sand, and wollastonite. The antibacterial material includes silver lactate and rare earth oxides, including yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, and cerium oxide. This invention introduces a powerful flux, low-temperature reactive components, and a low-alumina system into the glaze material, reducing the influence of high-melting-point components and lowering the melting temperature of the glaze. Simultaneously, the glaze components and antibacterial material provided by this invention can significantly reduce the firing temperature of the glaze, substantially reduce energy consumption in large-scale production, and effectively improve resource utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of glaze technology, specifically to a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, its preparation method, and sanitary ware. Background Technology

[0002] Glaze is a thin layer applied to the surface of ceramics, enamel, and other products. It is mainly composed of a mixture of mineral and chemical raw materials, fired at high temperatures. It serves decorative, protective, or sealing purposes. Glazes used on sanitary ware surfaces generally require high strength, corrosion resistance, and easy cleaning. With scientific advancements and increasing demands for hygiene and health, the demand for antibacterial materials in sanitary ware has grown significantly. Opaque glaze, as a commonly used material on sanitary ware surfaces, directly affects the quality of the sanitary ware. However, traditional antibacterial agents used in opaque glazes are prone to deactivation during the high-temperature sintering process of ceramics, and their dispersibility and stability are unsatisfactory, making it difficult to achieve effective antibacterial action. Furthermore, the use of sanitary ware generates large amounts of ammonia gas, which produces a pungent odor and poses health risks.

[0003] The prior art discloses a method for preparing antibacterial ceramic glaze, which improves the antibacterial effect by adding silver-based antibacterial agents. However, the long-term antibacterial effect is not obvious and it does not have the ability to absorb ammonia. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing ceramic glazes in terms of long-term antibacterial effect and the lack of ammonia absorption in sanitary ware, thereby providing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, its preparation method and sanitary ware.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, comprising a glaze and an antibacterial material. The glaze comprises albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcined talc, calcined kaolin, and low-alumina raw materials. The low-alumina raw materials include quartz, zircon sand, and wollastonite. The antibacterial material comprises silver lactate and rare earth oxides. The rare earth oxides include yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, and cerium oxide. The content of albite in the glaze is 10-17 wt%, the content of lepidolite is 4.3-9.6 wt%, and the content of zinc phosphate is 1.5-4 wt%. The composition includes t%, barium carbonate (2.8-4 wt%), calcined talc (7-10 wt%), quartz (28-35 wt%), zircon sand (15-20 wt%), wollastonite (4.5-6.3 wt%), calcined kaolin (8-11 wt%), silver lactate (1.3-2.5 wt%), yttrium oxide (1.6-2.3 wt%), scandium oxide (1.2-1.8 wt%), and cerium oxide (0.9-1.8 wt%).

[0006] This invention uses silver lactate as the preferred antibacterial material. On one hand, it leverages the excellent melting properties of silver lactate to efficiently release silver ions during low-temperature firing, achieving long-lasting sterilization. The synergistic effect of rare earth elements scandium, yttrium, and cerium with silver ions significantly enhances the sterilization effect through the catalytic release of silver ions by these rare earth elements. On the other hand, compared to organic silver materials such as silver oxalate or silver citrate, this invention utilizes the good solubility of silver lactate to improve the dispersibility of the antibacterial substance in the glaze, avoiding agglomeration that could lead to uneven release of the antibacterial material and thus unstable antibacterial effects. The problem is that silver lactate, being weakly acidic, has strong compatibility with the glaze matrix, meaning it will not cause silver ion precipitation due to pH fluctuations, nor will it corrode the glaze. At the same time, silver lactate can form a complex with ammonia, reducing the concentration of free ammonia. The formed complex can also neutralize barium oxide in the glaze to form ammonium salts. The active oxygen species (such as ·OH) produced by the catalytic decomposition of ammonia by rare earth oxides can dissolve the complex, releasing silver ions to maintain long-term antibacterial activity. This closed-loop mechanism of "complexation-neutralization-catalysis" is difficult to achieve with other organic silver salts (e.g., silver citrate).

[0007] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, comprising the following steps: Step 1: mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material according to the formula to form a powder, and then adding the raw materials of the glaze to form a mixture; Step 2: mixing the mixture to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze; Step 1, preparing the powder, specifically includes mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material and water under stirring, separating the solid and liquid, passing the mixture through a first sieve to form a powder, wherein the stirring speed is 400-600 rpm, the stirring time is 60-120 min, the stirring temperature is 60-80℃, and the solid-liquid separation includes a drying step, wherein the drying temperature is 70-90℃. The drying time is 1-2 hours, and the mesh size of the first sieve is 1000-1200 mesh. Step two specifically includes mixing, dispersing, and passing the mixture through a second sieve while grinding to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze. The grinding speed is 200-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 60-90 minutes. The dispersion includes an ultrasonic treatment step with an ultrasonic power of 600-900W and an ultrasonic treatment time of 0.5-2 hours. The mesh size of the second sieve is 400-600 mesh. During the grinding process, grinding balls and water are also included. The total mass of the opaque glaze and powder, and the mass ratio of grinding balls to water are 1:2-3:0.9-1.2.

[0008] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a sanitary ware, wherein the glaze of the sanitary ware is obtained by impregnation with opaque glaze and microwave sintering treatment, wherein the opaque glaze includes the above-mentioned low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, the glaze thickness of the impregnation with opaque glaze is 0.9-1.2mm, the microwave sintering temperature is 1150-1180℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-1h.

[0009] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages:

[0010] 1. This invention provides a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, comprising a glaze and an antibacterial material. The glaze comprises albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcined talc, calcined kaolin, and low-alumina raw materials. The low-alumina raw materials include quartz, zircon sand, and wollastonite. The antibacterial material comprises silver lactate and rare earth oxides. The rare earth oxides include yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, and cerium oxide. The glaze contains 10-17 wt% albite, 4.3-9.6 wt% lepidolite, and 1.5-1.5 wt% zinc phosphate. The glaze comprises 4 wt% barium carbonate, 2.8-4 wt% barium carbonate, 7-10 wt% calcined talc, 28-35 wt% quartz, 15-20 wt% zircon sand, 4.5-6.3 wt% wollastonite, and 8-11 wt% calcined kaolin. The silver lactate content is 1.3-2.5 wt%, the yttrium oxide content is 1.6-2.3 wt%, the scandium oxide content is 1.2-1.8 wt%, and the cerium oxide content is 0.9-1.8 wt%. This invention introduces a powerful flux into the glaze, including albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, and barium carbonate, low-temperature reactive components including calcined talc, and a low-alumina system to form the glaze, reducing the influence of high-melting-point components and lowering the melting temperature of the glaze. Simultaneously, this invention uses rare earth oxides as raw materials for antibacterial materials, which not only achieves a highly efficient and long-lasting antibacterial effect but also further reduces the glaze firing temperature. The glaze components and antibacterial materials provided by this invention not only significantly reduce the glaze firing temperature and greatly reduce energy consumption in large-scale production, but also effectively improve resource utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, by utilizing slow-release carriers such as zinc phosphate and barium carbonate, the release rate of silver ions is controlled, ensuring the durability of the antibacterial effect. The resulting glaze also has the function of removing ammonia. This invention uses quartz, zircon sand, and wollastonite as raw materials for opaque glazes, which not only further reduces the firing temperature but also utilizes zircon sand and yttrium oxide to form a stable high-silicate structure. Yttrium oxide further stabilizes the zirconium crystals through solid solution, enhancing the glaze surface strength. Furthermore, this invention utilizes the excellent melting properties of silver lactate, enabling efficient release of silver ions during low-temperature firing to achieve long-lasting sterilization. The synergistic effect of rare earth elements scandium, yttrium, and cerium with silver ions significantly enhances the sterilization effect through the catalytic release of silver ions by these rare earth elements.

[0011] 2. The preparation method of the low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze provided by the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material according to the formula to form a powder, and then adding the raw materials of the glaze to form a mixture; Step 2: Mixing the mixture to obtain the low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze; Step 1, making the powder, specifically includes mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material and water under stirring, separating the solid and liquid, passing through a first sieve to form a powder, wherein the stirring speed is 400-600 rpm, the stirring time is 60-120 min, the stirring temperature is 60-80℃, and the solid-liquid separation includes a drying step, the drying temperature is 70-90℃, and the drying... The drying time is 1-2 hours, and the mesh size of the first sieve is 1000-1200 mesh. Step two specifically includes mixing, dispersing, and passing the mixture through a second sieve while grinding to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze. The grinding speed is 200-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 60-90 minutes. The dispersion includes an ultrasonic treatment step with an ultrasonic power of 600-900W and an ultrasonic treatment time of 0.5-2 hours. The mesh size of the second sieve is 400-600 mesh. During the grinding process, grinding balls and water are also included. The total mass of the opaque glaze and powder, and the mass ratio of grinding balls to water are 1:2-3:0.9-1.2. This invention controls the particle size of raw materials in opaque glaze through grinding and uses nano-sized antibacterial materials to make the distribution of silver ions and rare earth oxides more uniform and the antibacterial activity stronger. At the same time, it uses microwave sintering process to directly heat the inside of the material through electromagnetic waves to achieve uniform heating of the whole, avoiding the temperature gradient caused by heat transfer from the outside to the inside in traditional heating methods. This promotes the synchronous heating and uniform dispersion of antibacterial powder and glaze layer, thereby improving the antibacterial performance of the glaze surface.

[0012] 3. This invention provides a sanitary ware, the glaze of which is obtained by impregnation with opaque glaze and microwave sintering. The opaque glaze includes the aforementioned low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze. The thickness of the impregnated glaze is 0.9-1.2 mm. The microwave sintering temperature is 1150-1180℃, and the holding time is 0.5-1 h. This invention efficiently removes ammonia through the combined action of multiple mechanisms, including the acidic conversion of zinc phosphate in the glaze, the alkaline fixation of barium carbonate, the catalytic decomposition of rare earth oxides, and the complexation of silver ions. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1This is a microscopic morphology image of the low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is another microscopic morphology image of the low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze prepared in Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described. They do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] Where specific experimental steps or conditions are not specified in the examples, they can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products.

[0018] The chemical composition of each raw material in the glaze in the embodiments of the present invention is shown in Table 1.

[0019] Table 1 Chemical composition of each raw material in the glaze (unit: wt%)

[0020]

[0021] Example 1

[0022] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows:

[0023] (1) Preparation of glaze:

[0024] The following materials are mixed to form the first mixture: 34 wt% quartz, 16 wt% zircon sand, 15 wt% albite, 10 wt% calcined kaolin, 9 wt% calcined talc, 4.3 wt% lepidolite, 4.5 wt% wollastonite, 4 wt% zinc phosphate, and 3.2 wt% barium carbonate.

[0025] (2) Preparation of antibacterial materials:

[0026] Based on the total weight of the opaque glaze, the following materials were mixed with deionized water at a constant temperature of 70°C and a speed of 500 rpm for 60 minutes: silver lactate 2 wt%, yttrium oxide 1.6 wt%, scandium oxide 1.3 wt%, and cerium oxide 1.5 wt%. The mixture was then placed in an oven at 80°C and dried for 1 hour. The mixture was then removed, ground, and passed through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material.

[0027] (3) Preparation of opaque glaze:

[0028] The first mixture and the antibacterial material are mixed to form the second mixture. The second mixture, grinding balls and water are in a ratio of 1:2:0.9. The above materials are wet ball milled in a ball mill jar at a speed of 300 rpm for 60 min. The mixture after ball milling is ultrasonically treated for 1 h at a power of 800 W and then passed through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain an opaque glaze.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows:

[0031] (1) Preparation of glaze:

[0032] The following materials are mixed to form the first mixture: 28 wt% quartz, 20 wt% zircon sand, 13 wt% albite, 11 wt% calcined kaolin, 10 wt% calcined talc, 6.5 wt% lepidolite, 6 wt% wollastonite, 1.5 wt% zinc phosphate, and 4 wt% barium carbonate.

[0033] (2) Preparation of antibacterial materials:

[0034] Based on the total weight of the opaque glaze, the following materials were mixed with deionized water at a constant temperature of 70°C and a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 80 min: silver lactate 2.5 wt%, yttrium oxide 2.3 wt%, scandium oxide 1.6 wt%, and cerium oxide 1.8 wt%. The mixture was then placed in an oven at 80°C and dried for 1.5 h. The mixture was then removed, ground, and passed through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material.

[0035] (3) Preparation of opaque glaze:

[0036] The first mixture and the antibacterial material are mixed to form the second mixture. The second mixture, grinding balls and water are in a ratio of 1:2.5:1. The above materials are wet ball milled in a ball mill jar at a speed of 400 rpm for 75 min. The mixture after ball milling is ultrasonically treated for 1.5 h at a power of 600 W and then passed through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain an opaque glaze.

[0037] The opaque glaze prepared in this embodiment was scanned by SEM. See [link to SEM image]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that numerous micro- and nano-sized antibacterial opaque crystalline phases are evenly distributed in the glaze layer, effectively improving the antibacterial properties of the glaze surface.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows:

[0040] (1) Preparation of glaze:

[0041] The following materials are mixed to form the first mixture: 32 wt% quartz, 15 wt% zircon sand, 17 wt% albite, 9 wt% calcined kaolin, 7 wt% calcined talc, 9.6 wt% lepidolite, 5 wt% wollastonite, 2.6 wt% zinc phosphate, and 2.8 wt% barium carbonate.

[0042] (2) Preparation of antibacterial materials:

[0043] Based on the total weight of the opaque glaze, the following materials were mixed with deionized water at a constant temperature of 60°C and a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 100 min: silver lactate 1.3 wt%, yttrium oxide 1.8 wt%, scandium oxide 1.8 wt%, and cerium oxide 0.9 wt%. The mixture was then placed in an oven at 90°C and dried for 1 h. The mixture was then removed, ground, and passed through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material.

[0044] (3) Preparation of opaque glaze:

[0045] The first mixture and the antibacterial material are mixed to form the second mixture. The second mixture, grinding balls and water are in a ratio of 1:2.5:1.1. The above materials are wet ball milled in a ball mill jar at a speed of 300 rpm for 85 min. The mixture after ball milling is ultrasonically treated for 0.5 h at a power of 900 W and then passed through a 600 mesh sieve to obtain an opaque glaze.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, the specific steps and parameters of which are as follows:

[0048] (1) Preparation of glaze:

[0049] The following materials are mixed to form the first mixture: 35 wt% quartz, 18 wt% zircon sand, 10 wt% albite, 8 wt% calcined kaolin, 8 wt% calcined talc, 8.1 wt% lepidolite, 6.3 wt% wollastonite, 3.2 wt% zinc phosphate, and 3.4 wt% barium carbonate.

[0050] (2) Preparation of antibacterial materials:

[0051] Based on the total weight of the opaque glaze, the following materials were mixed with deionized water at a constant temperature of 80°C and a speed of 400 rpm for 120 min: silver lactate 1.7 wt%, yttrium oxide 2 wt%, scandium oxide 1.2 wt%, and cerium oxide 1.3 wt%. The mixture was then placed in an oven at 70°C and dried for 2 h. The mixture was then removed, ground, and passed through a 1200-mesh sieve to obtain the antibacterial material.

[0052] (3) Preparation of opaque glaze:

[0053] The first mixture and the antibacterial material are mixed to form the second mixture. The second mixture, grinding balls, and water are mixed in a ratio of 1:3:1.2. The above materials are wet-milled in a ball mill jar at a speed of 200 rpm for 90 minutes. The mixture after ball milling is ultrasonically treated for 2 hours at a power of 600W and then passed through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain an opaque glaze.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze. The specific steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that the antibacterial material in step (2) does not contain yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, or cerium oxide.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze. The specific steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that the glaze in step (1) does not contain zinc phosphate and barium carbonate.

[0058] Application Examples 1-3

[0059] This application example provides a method for preparing sanitary ware, with the specific steps and parameters as follows:

[0060] A low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze was uniformly coated onto the surface of the ceramic body using an impregnation process. The glaze thickness was 0.9 mm. The ceramic body was then microwave sintered and cooled in the furnace at a temperature of 1150℃ for 0.5 h to obtain sanitary ware.

[0061] The low-temperature antibacterial opaque glazes used in Examples 1-3 are the low-temperature antibacterial opaque glazes prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively.

[0062] Application Example 4

[0063] This application example provides a method for preparing sanitary ware, with the specific steps and parameters as follows:

[0064] The low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze prepared in Example 2 was uniformly coated onto the surface of the ceramic body using an impregnation glazing process. The glaze thickness was 1 mm. The ceramic body was then microwave sintered and cooled in the furnace at a temperature of 1170°C for 0.5 h to obtain sanitary ware.

[0065] Application Example 5

[0066] This application example provides a method for preparing sanitary ware, with the specific steps and parameters as follows:

[0067] The low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze prepared in Example 3 was uniformly coated onto the surface of the ceramic body using an impregnation glazing process. The glaze thickness was 1.2 mm. The ceramic body was then microwave sintered and cooled in the furnace at a temperature of 1160°C for 1 hour to obtain sanitary ware.

[0068] Application Example 6

[0069] This application example provides a method for preparing sanitary ware, with the specific steps and parameters as follows:

[0070] The low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze prepared in Example 4 was uniformly coated onto the surface of the ceramic body using an impregnation glazing process. The glaze thickness was 1.1 mm. The ceramic body was then microwave sintered and cooled in the furnace at a temperature of 1180°C for 0.5 h to obtain sanitary ware.

[0071] Experimental Example

[0072] The sanitary ware prepared according to the test method of JC / T897-2014, corresponding to test cases 1-6, was tested for antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; the sanitary ware prepared according to the test method of QB / T2761-2006, corresponding to test cases 1-6, was tested for ammonia removal rate. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0073] Table 2 Performance test results of sanitary ware

[0074]

[0075] As shown in Table 2, compared to the antibacterial material in Comparative Example 1 which does not contain rare earth oxides and the glaze in Comparative Example 2 which does not contain zinc phosphate and barium carbonate, the sanitary ware formed by dipping the opaque glaze prepared in this embodiment of the invention onto the ceramic surface not only has a long-lasting antibacterial effect, with a removal rate of over 95% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after one year, but also performs well in removing ammonia and in long-term ammonia removal, with a removal rate of over 95% for ammonia in 24 hours and over 90% for ammonia after one year.

[0076] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze, characterized in that, The product includes a glaze and an antibacterial material. The glaze comprises albite, lepidolite, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcined talc, calcined kaolin, and low-alumina raw materials, including quartz, zircon sand, and wollastonite. The antibacterial material comprises silver lactate and rare earth oxides, including yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, and cerium oxide. The glaze contains 10-17 wt% albite, 4.3-9.6 wt% lepidolite, 1.5-4 wt% zinc phosphate, and [missing information - likely a percentage] wt% barium carbonate. The composition includes 2.8-4 wt% calcined talc, 7-10 wt% quartz, 28-35 wt% zircon sand, 15-20 wt% wollastonite, 4.5-6.3 wt% calcined kaolin, 1.3-2.5 wt% silver lactate, 1.6-2.3 wt% yttrium oxide, 1.2-1.8 wt% scandium oxide, and 0.9-1.8 wt% cerium oxide. The low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze is applied to sanitary ware, and the glaze surface of the sanitary ware is obtained by impregnation with opaque glaze and microwave sintering treatment, and the microwave sintering temperature is 1150-1180℃. The glaze of sanitary ware has a long-lasting effect in removing ammonia, with an ammonia removal rate of over 90% after one year.

2. A method for preparing the low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix the raw materials of the antibacterial material according to the formula to make powder, and then add the raw materials of the glaze to form a mixture; Step 2: Mix the materials to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze; The first step of preparing the powder specifically includes mixing the raw materials of the antibacterial material and water under stirring, separating the solid and liquid, passing the mixture through a first sieve to prepare the powder. The stirring speed is 400-600 rpm, the stirring time is 60-120 min, and the stirring temperature is 60-80℃. The solid-liquid separation includes a drying step, with the drying temperature at 70-90℃ and the drying time at 1-2 h. The mesh size of the first sieve is 1000-1200 mesh. Step two specifically includes mixing, dispersing, and passing the mixture through a second sieve while grinding to obtain a low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze. The grinding speed is 200-400 rpm, the grinding time is 60-90 min, the dispersion includes an ultrasonic treatment step, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic treatment is 600-900 W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 0.5-2 h, the mesh size of the second sieve is 400-600 mesh, the grinding process also includes grinding balls and water, the total mass of the opaque glaze and powder, and the mass ratio of grinding balls to water is 1:2-3:0.9-1.

2.

3. A sanitary ware, characterized in that, The glaze of the sanitary ware is obtained by impregnation with opaque glaze and microwave sintering treatment. The opaque glaze includes the low-temperature antibacterial opaque glaze as described in claim 1. The thickness of the impregnation with opaque glaze is 0.9-1.2 mm. The microwave sintering temperature is 1150-1180℃ and the holding time is 0.5-1 h.

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