Modularized three-dimensional seismic detection system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a modularized three-dimensional seismic detection system and a control method, the modularized three-dimensional seismic detection system comprises a ground module, a seismic source module, a receiver module and a buoyancy navigation module, the seismic source module, the receiver module and the buoyancy navigation module are underwater parts, and the buoyancy navigation module is installed on the receiver module. The buoyancy navigation module, the seismic source module and the receiver module are all connected to the ground module on the workboat through cables; the seismic source module comprises a first seismic source and a second seismic source, the first seismic source is a seismic source for shallow geological exploration in a first frequency range, and the second seismic source is a seismic source for middle geological exploration in a second frequency range; the receiver module includes at least one receiver array. According to the invention, the number of the grounding sources and the number of the receiver units can be dynamically adjusted according to the marine geological environment, adjustment is carried out according to different geological conditions, the applicability of the system is enhanced, and the efficiency of data acquisition and the precision of three-dimensional imaging are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of marine geological exploration, and particularly to a modular three-dimensional seismic detection system and a control method therefor. Background Art

[0002] The current two-dimensional shallow profile seismic detection system is widely used in marine engineering geological exploration. Even with the encrypted grid acquisition method, this system can only provide two-dimensional profile images in the course direction and is difficult to effectively reflect complex three-dimensional geological structures. Especially when identifying buried boulders, local gas leaks, or buried objects on the seabed, key information is often missed, resulting in incomplete imaging or reduced accuracy.

[0003] Currently, the three-dimensional detection devices on the market generally have problems such as poor adaptability with fixed layouts of the emission source and receivers or fixed distances between receivers, and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to different geological conditions. In addition, these integrated systems are usually bulky and have high maintenance costs, restricting their application scope in actual operations.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide a modular three-dimensional seismic detection system and a control method therefor, aiming to solve the problem in the prior art that the layout of the emission source and receivers of the three-dimensional seismic detection device is fixed or the distance between receivers is fixed, and it cannot be adjusted according to different geological conditions, resulting in poor adaptability.

[0006] In the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system is provided. The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system includes a ground module, a seismic source module, a receiver module, and a buoyancy navigation module. The seismic source module, the receiver module, and the buoyancy navigation module are underwater parts. The buoyancy navigation module is installed on the receiver module, and the buoyancy navigation module, the seismic source module, and the receiver module are all connected to the ground module on the operation ship through cables. The seismic source module includes a first seismic source and a second seismic source. The first seismic source is a seismic source for shallow geological exploration within a first frequency range, and the second seismic source is a seismic source for middle geological exploration within a second frequency range. The receiver module includes at least one receiver array. According to the operation requirements, the first seismic source or the second seismic source is installed, and the receiver array is configured. After the seismic source module and the receiver module are arranged at a preset water depth, the buoyancy navigation module enables at least one of the first seismic source and the second seismic source and the receiver array to maintain a neutral buoyancy state. The first seismic source or the second seismic source is started, and the receiver array receives seismic data and sends it to the ground module. The ground module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume based on the seismic data.

[0007] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the receiver array includes a plurality of receiver units, and the plurality of receiver units are connected through a composite pipeline.

[0008] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, a single receiver unit includes an amplifier and a plurality of hydrophones. Each hydrophone is connected to the corresponding amplifier. The hydrophone is slidably connected within the composite pipeline. The hydrophone captures seismic wave signals in multiple directions, and the amplifier is used to enhance the seismic wave signals received by the hydrophone.

[0009] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the number of the receiver arrays is set to one, two, three, or four, and each receiver array is provided with sixteen receiver units. Four longitudinal composite pipelines are provided at the bottom of each receiver array.

[0010] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the receiver array further includes a junction box, and the junction box is connected to the composite pipeline.

[0011] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the buoyancy navigation module includes a buoyancy adjustment device and a positioning system. The buoyancy adjustment device is installed on top of the receiver array, and the antenna of the positioning system is connected to the top of the buoyancy adjustment device. The buoyancy adjustment device is used to keep the source module and the receiver module in a stable and neutrally buoyant state underwater, and the positioning system is used to provide the spatial position of the receiver array.

[0012] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first source and the second source are both placed underwater or placed underwater separately; the first frequency range is 3.5 kHz - 7 kHz, and the second frequency range is 0.2 kHz - 5 kHz.

[0013] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the ground module includes a computer, a control unit, and a storage unit, which are connected in sequence; the computer is used to record and process seismic data, the control unit is used to activate the source module and collect the seismic data received by the receiver array, and the storage unit is used to store the collected seismic data.

[0014] In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a control method for a modular three-dimensional seismic detection system according to any one of the above solutions is further provided. The control method includes: determining a target source in the source module according to the operation requirements and completing the configuration of the receiver array, where the target source is the first source or the second source; after arranging the target source and the receiver module at a preset depth, the ground module controls the buoyancy navigation module to keep the target source and the receiver array in a neutrally buoyant state; the ground module activates the target source and acquires the seismic data received by the receiver array; the ground module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume according to the seismic data.

[0015] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, after the ground module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume according to the seismic data, it further includes: the ground module performs stacking processing on the seismic data volume to obtain an imaging result; the ground module performs identification according to the imaging result to obtain geological structures and sedimentary characteristics; the ground module obtains a geological evaluation result according to the operation requirements and the geological structures and sedimentary characteristics.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The present application provides a modular three-dimensional seismic detection system and a control method. By providing two seismic sources with different frequency ranges for shallow or middle-layer geological exploration according to different operation requirements, and cooperating with at least one receiver array, the number of seismic source and receiver units can be dynamically adjusted according to the marine geological environment, adjusted for different geological conditions, enhancing the applicability of the system and improving the efficiency of data collection and the accuracy of three-dimensional imaging. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of a preferred embodiment of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural view of the underwater part of a preferred embodiment of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system of the present application being towed at the stern of a ship;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural view of four receiver arrays connected in a preferred embodiment of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system of the present application;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the control method of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system of the present application.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation steps of the entire execution process in a preferred embodiment of the control method of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system of the present application.

[0023] Description of the reference numerals:

[0024] 10. Seismic source; 20. Receiver array; 30. Composite pipeline; 40. Buoyancy adjustment device; 50. RTK system. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this application clearer and more explicit, the following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of this application, not all possible implementations. Based on the embodiments in this application, those skilled in the art can completely combine the embodiments of this application to obtain other embodiments without creative work, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of this application.

[0026] First, the application scenarios of the embodiments of this application are introduced. The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system of this application is used for shallow subsea stratum exploration. This system is widely applicable to scenarios such as the siting of offshore wind farms, the investigation of offshore oil and gas well sites, the exploration of offshore oil and gas projects, the preliminary exploration for the laying of subsea pipelines and cables, shipwreck archaeology, the detection of subsea pipelines, and the monitoring of subsea geological disasters. This application has a light structure, flexible layout, and strong adaptability, aiming to achieve high-resolution shallow geological imaging and the accurate identification of complex subsea targets. The high precision and flexibility of this application enable it to achieve reliable and detailed three-dimensional imaging in complex shallow marine geological environments, providing scientific data support and safety guarantees for various marine projects.

[0027] Secondly, the terms involved in this application are explained:

[0028] RTK: Real-Time Kinematic;

[0029] GPS: Global Positioning System;

[0030] Pinger: A sonar signal generator (a high-frequency seismic source for shallow exploration);

[0031] Boomer: An electromagnetic pulse seismic source (a low-frequency seismic source for mid-shallow exploration);

[0032] kHz: Kilohertz (frequency unit); V: Volt (voltage unit).

[0033] The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system and control method according to the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In view of the problem in the related art that the layout of the emission source and the receiver of the three-dimensional seismic exploration equipment is fixed, or the distance between the receivers is fixed, and it is impossible to adjust according to different geological conditions, resulting in poor adaptability, the present application provides a modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system. The system can perform shallow or middle-layer geological exploration for different operation requirements by setting two seismic sources with different frequency ranges, and is equipped with at least one receiver array, so that the number of seismic source and receiver units can be dynamically adjusted according to the marine environment and geological conditions, enhancing the applicability of the system and improving the efficiency of data acquisition and the accuracy of three-dimensional imaging. Thus, the technical problem in the related art that the layout of the emission source and the receiver of the three-dimensional seismic exploration equipment is fixed, or the distance between the receivers is fixed, and it is impossible to adjust according to different geological conditions, resulting in poor adaptability is solved.

[0034] The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system. The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system includes a ground module, a seismic source module, a receiver module, and a buoyancy navigation module. The seismic source module, the receiver module, and the buoyancy navigation module are underwater parts. The buoyancy navigation module is installed on the receiver module, and the buoyancy navigation module, the seismic source module, and the receiver module are all connected to the ground module on the operation ship through cables. The seismic source module includes a first seismic source and a second seismic source. The first seismic source is a seismic source for shallow geological exploration within a first frequency range, and the second seismic source is a seismic source for middle-layer geological exploration within a second frequency range. The receiver module includes at least one receiver array. According to the operation requirements, the first seismic source or the second seismic source is adopted, and the receiver array is configured. The array can be one or four. After the seismic source module and the receiver module are arranged at a preset water depth, the buoyancy navigation module makes at least one of the first seismic source and the second seismic source 10 and the receiver array maintain a neutral buoyancy state. The first seismic source or the second seismic source is started, and the receiver array receives seismic data and sends it to the ground module. The ground module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume according to the seismic data.

[0036] Specifically, the deck part of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system is the ground module, including an acquisition computer, a control unit, and a storage unit. The underwater part of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system includes a seismic source module, a receiver array module, and a buoyancy / navigation module. The system adopts a detachable and adjustable design, enabling it to adjust the layout of the seismic source module and the receiver module according to different geological conditions and operation requirements. The seismic source module is equipped with a dual seismic source, namely the first seismic source (Pinger seismic source) and the second seismic source (Boomer seismic source), which are suitable for different formation conditions. In addition, through the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) system, the buoyancy / navigation module can achieve centimeter-level accurate data acquisition and processing.

[0037] Furthermore, the deck part includes an acquisition computer, a control unit, and a storage unit. The underwater part includes a seismic source module (Pinger seismic source 10, Boomer seismic source 10), a receiver module (receiver array 20, composite pipeline 30, junction box, where each receiver unit in the receiver array 20 contains 3 hydrophone elements and a preamplifier), and a buoyancy / navigation module (buoyancy adjustment device 40, GPS / Beidou antenna 50, i.e., RTK system 50). The seismic source 10 and the receiver array 20 are connected to the deck data acquisition system through a corrosion-resistant armored cable; inside the receiver, the receiving units are connected through the composite pipeline 30, and the wiring inside the pipeline aggregates all signals to the junction box, and then transmits them to the data acquisition system on the ship through a cable; the buoyancy / navigation module is installed on top of the receiver array 20, and the GPS / Beidou antenna 50 is connected to the internal electronics of the module through an antenna cable to provide positioning data. The positioning data is transmitted to the control unit on the deck in real time, and the control unit works in coordination with the acquisition computer to record and process all the collected data.

[0038] In this application, the seismic source module selects different types of seismic sources according to operation requirements. In shallow geological exploration, a Pinger seismic source with a frequency range of 3.5 kHz to 7 kHz is used. This seismic source can be placed at the tail of the operation ship. The seismic source 10 and the receiver array 20 are installed on an adjustable bracket and towed behind the ship's tail, as Figure 2As shown, the seismic source 10 and the receiver array 20 are connected to the deck data acquisition system through corrosion-resistant armored cables. The lowering depth of the seismic source 10 is adjusted according to the water depth and the formation, generally between 1 and 2 meters, to ensure that the signal penetrates the water layer to reach the target area and avoid surface noise. The Pinger seismic source sets the output frequency and the frequency sweep mode through the central control on the deck during operation, so as to maintain high-resolution imaging under different formation conditions. In mid-layer geological exploration, the Boomer seismic source is selected, and the frequency range is between 0.2 kHz and 5 kHz. The Boomer seismic source is also installed on a floating frame, towed at the stern of the ship, and lowered to the target depth by using a towing cable. During the excitation process, by adjusting the distance between the capacitor plates and the charging voltage, it can adapt to different geological conditions and exploration purposes. The penetration depth of the Boomer seismic source in muddy strata can reach 100 meters, and it is also applicable to sandy strata and complex geological areas.

[0039] In this application, the number of seismic sources and receiver units can be dynamically adjusted according to the marine environmental geological conditions, improving the data acquisition efficiency and the three-dimensional imaging accuracy; moreover, the system design is simple, convenient for disassembly, installation and transportation, can be quickly deployed to the operation site, reducing the equipment maintenance and replacement costs, improving the operation efficiency. In addition, the system is applicable to small and medium-sized exploration vessels, further reducing the costs and complexities of offshore operations.

[0040] In an embodiment of this application, the first seismic source and the second seismic source are placed underwater simultaneously or separately; the first frequency range is 3.5 kHz - 7 kHz, and the second frequency range is 0.2 kHz - 5 kHz.

[0041] The frequency range used by the seismic source module of this system is from 0.2 kHz to 7 kHz, which can adapt to different exploration depth and resolution requirements ( Figure 1 ). The Pinger seismic source is mainly used for shallow surface exploration, with a working frequency of 3.5 to 7 kHz, a vertical resolution of 5 to 20 cm, and a penetration depth of up to 30 meters. In soft sediments (such as silt and clay), the penetration depth can reach 30 meters, but the penetration is relatively shallow in sandy and gravel areas. The Boomer seismic source is suitable for shallow and mid-layer geological exploration, with a working frequency range of 0.2 to 5 kHz, a penetration depth of 25 to 100 meters, and a vertical resolution between 20 cm and 1 m, applicable to soft sediments and medium-grained sand layer environments.

[0042] In an embodiment of this application, the receiver array 20 includes a plurality of receiver units, and the plurality of receiver units are connected through a composite pipeline 30.

[0043] It is understandable that the Pinger source is suitable for shallow surface exploration and provides high-resolution imaging; the Boomer source is suitable for shallow to mid-depth geological exploration and has a deeper penetration ability; Receiver unit: Receives seismic wave reflection signals and is built with a preamplifier to improve signal sensitivity and anti-interference ability; Composite pipeline 30: Protects the wiring and provides a function for adjusting the spacing between receiving units; Junction box: Aggregates the signals of all receiving units and transmits them to the ship through a cable.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, each of the receiver units includes an amplifier and three hydrophones. Each of the hydrophones is connected to the corresponding amplifier. The hydrophones are slidably connected within the composite pipeline 30. The hydrophones capture seismic wave signals in multiple directions, and the amplifier is used to enhance the seismic wave signals received by the hydrophones.

[0045] Specifically, the receiver module includes multiple independent receiving arrays. Each array contains 16 groups of receiver units and can be extended to 4 arrays ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 ), totaling 64 groups of receiver units. Each receiver unit has a length of 25 cm, is built with 3 hydrophone elements, the element spacing is 6.25 cm, and is equipped with a preamplifier to improve signal acquisition sensitivity and anti-interference ability. The receiver units are connected through the composite pipeline 30, and the pipeline spacing can be adjusted between 50 cm and 100 cm to meet the resolution requirements of different scenarios. The wiring is hidden inside the pipeline and is aggregated to the junction box at the front end of the array. The data is transmitted to the data recording system on the operation ship through two cables. The data acquisition system supports multiple receiving channels, and the highest sampling rate is 0.1 ms. To ensure precise positioning and navigation, four GPS antennas 50 are installed at the four corners of the array or an antenna 50 is installed for each of the four arrays respectively. Each antenna is 1 meter away from the top of the array. The coordinated work of the four antennas can provide the absolute position, heading, pitch, and roll angles of the system, thereby ensuring centimeter-level positioning accuracy of the source and the receiver. This precise positioning can not only ensure the correct positioning of the target on the route, but also effectively merge the data of adjacent routes and correct the position deviation caused by tidal changes.

[0046] The present application performs excellently in terms of anti-interference ability. Vertical component hydrophones are used, and three hydrophones form a receiving unit, reducing the noise interference generated during horizontal towing and ensuring high-quality signal output under complex sea conditions.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 3 , there are four receiver arrays 20, and each of the receiver arrays 20 has sixteen receiver units. Four longitudinal composite pipelines 30 are provided at the bottom of each of the receiver arrays 20.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the receiver array 20 further includes a junction box, and the junction box is connected to the composite pipeline 30.

[0049] The spacing between the hydrophone units can be flexibly adjusted between 50 cm and 100 cm to meet different target resolution requirements. The receiver wiring is hidden in the composite pipeline 30, and all signals are aggregated at the front end of the array into two junction boxes and then transmitted to the data acquisition system on the ship through a dual-channel cable. The system supports multi-channel simultaneous reception, and the maximum sampling rate can reach 0.1 ms.

[0050] To ensure the data acquisition accuracy, each hydrophone unit is equipped with a preamplifier to effectively improve the signal reception sensitivity and reduce the environmental noise interference. At the front end of the pipeline, all hydrophone signals are aggregated through the junction box, and the data is transmitted to the data recording system on the operation ship via two main cables.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, the buoyancy navigation module includes a buoyancy adjustment device 40 and a positioning system 50. The buoyancy adjustment device 40 is connected to the top of the receiver array 20, and the positioning system 50 is connected to the top of the buoyancy adjustment device 40. The buoyancy adjustment device 40 is used to keep the seismic source module and the receiver module in a stable and neutral buoyancy state underwater, and the positioning system is used to provide the spatial position of the receiver array 20.

[0052] Specifically, the system is equipped with an adjustable buoyancy module. A buoy is installed on each 4x4 receiving unit array. By disassembling or adjusting the buoyancy module, the buoyancy configuration can be changed according to different water depths and operating environments to keep the system in a stable and neutral buoyancy state underwater, as Figure 3 shown. The entire system is optimized in hydrodynamic design to operate smoothly during towing, reduce the influence of waves and fluctuations, and avoid the generation of acoustic noise. In addition, the system can be installed and deployed on the rear deck of a small exploration ship to meet the operation requirements under various sea conditions. The buoyancy adjustment device adjusts the buoyancy according to the water depth and operating environment to maintain the stability and neutral buoyancy state of the system underwater. The GPS / Beidou antenna (RTK system) provides centimeter-level accurate positioning data to ensure the precise positioning of the seismic source and the receiver.

[0053] Furthermore, the buoyancy / navigation module is installed on top of the receiver array 20. By increasing or decreasing the number of floating plates, dynamic adjustment of the system's buoyancy can be achieved. The buoyancy module is made of composite materials and has strong pressure resistance and corrosion resistance. Under different water depth conditions, operators can adjust the number of floating plates according to actual needs to keep the system neutrally buoyant underwater, thereby reducing tilting or instability caused by buoyancy imbalance during towing. The hydrodynamic design of the entire system has been optimized to ensure smooth operation during towing. Even in a poor sea state environment, it can effectively reduce the acoustic noise interference caused by waves and swells, ensuring the stability and continuity of data collection.

[0054] Each buoyancy / navigation module is respectively equipped with a GPS / Beidou antenna, and each antenna is located 1 meter above the top of the floating body. The four antennas together form an RTK-GPS differential positioning system, which can provide the spatial position of the receiver in real time. The GPS antennas work together to measure the heading, pitch, and roll angles of the system, ensuring centimeter-level positioning accuracy of the receiver. This precise navigation ability not only ensures the accurate positioning of the detection target but also can effectively merge the data of adjacent flight lines and correct the position deviation caused by tidal changes in real time. During exploration operations, the positioning data obtained through differential calculation is transmitted in real time to the control unit on the operation ship. The acquisition computer records and processes all the collected spatial position information and synchronizes it with the seismic reflection signals for subsequent data processing and three-dimensional geological imaging.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present application, the ground module includes a computer, a control unit, and a storage unit, and the computer, the control unit, and the storage unit are connected in sequence; the computer is used to record and process seismic data, the control unit is used to trigger the seismic source 10 and collect the seismic data received by the receiver array 20, and the storage unit is used to store the collected seismic data.

[0056] Specifically, the acquisition computer, control unit, and storage unit on the deck part perform data transmission and control through internal connections (such as cables or wireless connections). Acquisition computer: responsible for recording and processing the seismic data transmitted from the underwater part; Control unit: controls the operation of each part of the system, including the triggering of the seismic source and the data acquisition of the receiver; Storage unit: stores the collected seismic data.

[0057] The modular three-dimensional seismic detection system described in the preferred embodiment of the present application, as Figure 4 shown, the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system includes the following steps:

[0058] In step S101, according to the operation requirements, determine the target seismic source in the seismic source module and complete the configuration of the receiver array, where the target seismic source is the first seismic source or the second seismic source, and the receiver array can be from 16 units to four 64 units.

[0059] In step S102, after arranging the target seismic source and the receiver module at a preset depth, the ground module controls the buoyancy navigation module to keep the target seismic source and the receiver array in a neutral buoyancy state.

[0060] In step S103, the ground module activates the target seismic source and acquires the seismic data received by the receiver array.

[0061] In step S104, the ground module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume based on the seismic data.

[0062] In a possible implementation manner, the ground module performs stacking processing on the seismic data volume to obtain an imaging result; the ground module performs identification based on the imaging result to obtain geological structures and sedimentary characteristics; the ground module obtains a geological evaluation result according to the operation requirements and the geological structures and sedimentary characteristics.

[0063] Specifically, during operation, the towing system is gradually lowered into the water to ensure that the seismic source and the receiver are arranged at the specified depth. After the seismic source is excited, the hydrophone receives the reflected signal and transmits it to the data acquisition system through the built-in cable in the composite pipeline. All signals are aggregated through the junction box and recorded at the data acquisition terminal on the ship. After the collected data is subjected to geometric correction, filtering and denoising, three-dimensional migration imaging, and stacking processing, the finally formed three-dimensional seismic data volume can clearly reflect the shallow complex seabed geological structure.

[0064] The control method of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system provided by this application is applied to the above modular three-dimensional seismic detection system, thus having all the beneficial effects of the above modular three-dimensional seismic detection system, which will not be elaborated here.

[0065] As Figure 5 shown, the following further illustrates the control method of the above modular three-dimensional seismic detection system of this application through specific embodiments:

[0066] Step K1, System preparation and deployment:

[0067] Step K11, According to the operation requirements, select a suitable seismic source (Pinger or Boomer) and receiver array configuration.

[0068] Step K12, Install the deck part on the operation ship, including the acquisition computer, control unit, and storage unit, and ensure that all devices are working properly.

[0069] Step K13, Assemble the underwater part, including the seismic source module, the receiver array module, and the buoyancy / navigation module, ensuring that the connections between the modules are correct and stable.

[0070] Step K14, Connect the underwater part to the deck data acquisition system through a corrosion-resistant armored cable and conduct a preliminary test.

[0071] Step K2, Launch the system into the water and position it:

[0072] Step K21, Gradually lower the towing system into the water, ensuring that the seismic source and receivers are arranged at the specified depths.

[0073] Step K22, Adjust the buoyancy of the system through the buoyancy / navigation module to keep it in a neutral buoyancy state, reducing instability during towing.

[0074] Step K23, Activate the GPS / Beidou antenna to construct an RTK-GPS differential positioning system, providing real-time spatial position information of the receivers.

[0075] Step K3, Data acquisition:

[0076] Step K31, Generate seismic wave signals by activating the seismic source according to the operation plan.

[0077] Step K32, The receiver array receives the reflected seismic wave signals and transmits them to the data acquisition system through the built-in cable in the composite pipeline.

[0078] Step K33, The data acquisition system records all the received signals and conducts preliminary processing, such as signal amplification and filtering.

[0079] Step K4, Data processing and imaging:

[0080] Step K41, Transmit the acquired data to the control unit on the operation ship for geometric correction and filtering denoising processing.

[0081] Step K42, Apply three-dimensional migration imaging technology to perform imaging processing on the processed data to form a preliminary three-dimensional seismic data volume.

[0082] Step K43, Conduct stacking processing on the three-dimensional seismic data volume to improve the image quality and resolution.

[0083] Step K5, Data analysis and interpretation:

[0084] Step K51, Analyze the seabed geological structure and sedimentary characteristics based on the imaging results to identify potential geological anomalies or targets.

[0085] Step K52: Interpret and evaluate the identified geological anomalies or targets in combination with the geological background and operation requirements.

[0086] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "install", "connect", "join", "fix", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows mutual communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0087] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to this application.

[0088] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0089] It should be noted that in this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0090] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the description, claims, and the above-mentioned drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described herein, for example, can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0091] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A modular three-dimensional seismic detection system, characterized in that, The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system includes a ground module, a seismic source module, a receiver module, and a buoyancy navigation module. The seismic source module, the receiver module, and the buoyancy navigation module are underwater parts. The buoyancy navigation module is installed on the receiver module, and the buoyancy navigation module, the seismic source module, and the receiver module are all connected to the ground module on the operation ship through cables; The seismic source module includes a first seismic source and a second seismic source. The first seismic source is a seismic source for shallow geological exploration within a first frequency range, and the second seismic source is a seismic source for middle geological exploration within a second frequency range. The receiver module includes at least one receiver array; According to the operation requirements, install the first seismic source or the second seismic source, and configure the receiver array. After arranging the seismic source module and the receiver module at a preset water depth, the buoyancy navigation module enables at least one of the first seismic source and the second seismic source and the receiver array to maintain a neutral buoyancy state. Start the first seismic source or the second seismic source, and the receiver array receives seismic data and sends it to the ground module. The ground module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume based on the seismic data.

2. The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system according to claim 1, wherein, The receiver array includes a plurality of receiver units, and the plurality of receiver units are connected through a composite pipeline.

3. The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system according to claim 2, wherein A single receiver unit includes an amplifier and a plurality of hydrophones. Each hydrophone is connected to the corresponding amplifier. The hydrophone is slidably connected within the composite pipeline. The hydrophone captures seismic wave signals in multiple directions, and the amplifier is used to enhance the seismic wave signals received by the hydrophone.

4. The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the receiver arrays is set to one, two, three, or four, and each receiver array is provided with sixteen receiver units. Four longitudinal composite pipelines are arranged at the bottom of each receiver array.

5. The modular three-dimensional seismic detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The receiver array further includes a junction box, and the junction box is connected to the composite pipeline.

6. The modular three-dimensional seismic detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The buoyancy navigation module includes a buoyancy adjustment device and a positioning system. The buoyancy adjustment device is installed on the top of the receiver array, and the positioning system is connected to the top of the buoyancy adjustment device. The buoyancy adjustment device is used to keep the seismic source module and the receiver module stable and in a neutral buoyancy state underwater, and the positioning system is used to provide the spatial position of the receiver array.

7. The modular three-dimensional seismic exploration system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first seismic source and the second seismic source are placed underwater simultaneously or separately; The first frequency range is 3.5 kHz - 7 kHz, and the second frequency range is 0.2 kHz - 5 kHz.

8. The modular three-dimensional seismic detection system according to claim 1, wherein The ground module includes a computer, a control unit, and a storage unit, and the computer, the control unit, and the storage unit are connected in sequence; The computer is used to record and process seismic data, the control unit is used to trigger the seismic source module and collect the seismic data received by the receiver array, and the storage unit is used to store the collected seismic data.

9. A control method for a modular three-dimensional seismic detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The control method includes: According to the operation requirements, determine the target seismic source in the seismic source module and configure the receiver array, where the target seismic source is the first seismic source or the second seismic source; After arranging the target seismic source and the receiver module at a preset depth, the surface module controls the buoyancy navigation module to keep the target seismic source and the receiver array in a neutral buoyancy state; The surface module activates the target seismic source and acquires the seismic data received by the receiver array; The surface module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume based on the seismic data.

10. The control method of the modular three-dimensional seismic detection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, After the surface module generates a three-dimensional seismic data volume based on the seismic data, it further includes: The surface module performs stacking processing on the seismic data volume to obtain an imaging result; The surface module performs identification based on the imaging result to obtain geological structures and sedimentary characteristics; The surface module obtains a geological evaluation result based on the operation requirements and the geological structures and sedimentary characteristics.

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