Bionic model system for periodontal surgery training and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic model system for periodontal surgery training and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of dental models. The bionic model system comprises a dental model, a periodontal soft tissue substitute arranged on at least one of the inner side and the outer side of the dental model, and an optional supporting seat, the periodontal soft tissue substitute is shaddock peel. The plaster model is used, the plaster model is modified, the pomelo peel is used for replacing gingiva and soft tissue below the gingiva on the model, and the pomelo peel and the model are innovatively combined, so that the training model can completely restore the body positions of a patient and an operator in the actual clinical process, use of an operating microscope and an odontoscope and the hand feeling process mode of incision and suture; and the purpose of simulating professional training is achieved to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dental models, and particularly relates to a bionic model system for periodontal surgery training, a preparation method thereof, and an application. Background Art

[0002] Periodontal disease is a major oral disease leading to tooth loss. Periodontal surgery can restore alveolar bone defects and the shape of gingival soft tissues, maintaining function and aesthetics. With the development of periodontal and peri-implant hard and soft tissue augmentation techniques, the demand for periodontal microsurgery has increased significantly. Due to the narrow oral cavity space, small, fragile periodontal soft tissues, such periodontal surgeries need to be performed under a microscope, with significant technical complexity and operational sensitivity. In the principle of patient safety, practitioners need to invest a large amount of simulation professional training to achieve the transition from theory to practice, reach clinical proficiency, and obtain ideal surgical results. Currently, clinical periodontal surgery training mainly relies on two types of simulation training models:

[0003] 1. Animal tissue models (such as pig jaw specimens, chicken foot specimens, etc.)

[0004] 2. Man-made models (gypsum models, resin teeth + silicone gum models, rubber sheet suture models).

[0005] The defects of animal tissue models (such as pig jaw specimens, chicken foot specimens, etc.) are:

[0006] 1) Economic defects: High procurement costs and large losses for single use;

[0007] 2) Anatomical differences: Thick soft tissues, inconsistent tooth arrangements, limited sources, and inability to be reused;

[0008] 3) There are ethical and biosafety issues.

[0009] 4) Can only be operated on a workbench, and cannot replicate the body position of clinical operations and the positions of the jaws and teeth in the human oral cavity

[0010] The defects of man-made models (gypsum models, resin teeth + silicone gum models, rubber sheet suture models, plant models) are:

[0011] 1) Gypsum models: Made of hard materials and unable to complete actual operations of cutting and suturing

[0012] 2) Resin teeth + silicone gum models: Silicone gum is a homogenized material, the silicone tissue is not stratified, and there is a large difference in structure from gingival tissue, with high resistance to cutting and suturing. The materials cannot be reused, resulting in high economic costs

[0013] 3) Rubber sheet suture model: A simple suture model with a large difference in tissue form and texture from human tissues, which can only be operated on a workbench and cannot replicate the clinical operation position and the positions of oral jaws and teeth.

[0014] 4) Plant model: A simple suture model without dentition and dental arches, which cannot be placed on a phantom head. The above solutions all have bottlenecks in terms of tissue bionics, operation authenticity, training standardization, and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0015] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to develop a training model system for periodontal microsurgical plastic surgery that simultaneously has human oral anatomical characteristics, realizes bionics, restores clinical operations, is simple to manufacture, low in cost, and can be reused.

[0016] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a bionic model system for periodontal surgery training, including a dental model and a periodontal soft tissue substitute disposed on at least one of the inner and outer sides of the dental model, and an optional support base.

[0017] The periodontal soft tissue substitute is pomelo peel.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dental model is a standard model or a study model.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dental model is a plaster model.

[0020] The support base is a phantom head.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the epidermal thickness of the pomelo peel is 0.8 - 1.2 mm, and the inner layer thickness of the pomelo peel is 4 - 5 mm.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pomelo peel undergoes a freezing pretreatment and a resuscitation treatment step.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pomelo peel is sealed and then subjected to freezing pretreatment and then resuscitated. In some embodiments of the present invention, the pomelo peel undergoes a freezing pretreatment at -15 to -25 °C and a resuscitation treatment at 1 - 5 °C.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the inner and outer sides of the dental model is provided with a pit for placing the periodontal soft tissue substitute.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dental model is provided with holes through which buccal and lingual suture needles can pass at the gingival margin near the interdental space of the teeth.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the periodontal soft tissue substitute is fixed to at least one side of the inner and outer sides of the dental model by an adhesive, or is fixed to at least one side of the inner and outer sides of the dental model in a detachable manner.

[0027] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a preparation method of the bionic model system for periodontal surgery training described in the first aspect, including the following steps:

[0028] S01, cut the pomelo peel;

[0029] S02, fix the cut pomelo peel to at least one side of the inner and outer sides of the dental model;

[0030] S03, install the dental model with the fixed pomelo peel on the phantom head.

[0031] The third aspect of the present invention discloses the application of pomelo peel as a periodontal soft tissue substitute.

[0032] The fourth aspect of the present invention discloses the application of pomelo peel in the preparation of a model containing periodontal soft tissues and substitutes.

[0033] Beneficial effects:

[0034] The present invention develops a low-cost and high-fidelity periodontal surgery training system:

[0035] 1. Basic platform: Using plaster + phantom head to accurately restore the clinical operation position and oral space limitation conditions.

[0036] 2. Biomimetic material: Innovatively use pomelo peel as a gingival substitute, which has morphological adaptability: the natural arc matches the alveolar ridge anatomy. Structural simulation: The surface layer is dense similar to keratinized gingiva, and the inner layer is a sponge-like structure to simulate connective tissue, simulating mechanical authenticity.

[0037] 3. Mass production advantage: The material is easily obtained, the training cost is low, and it supports modular and rapid replacement. Description of the drawings

[0038] Figure 1 A photograph of a dental model with pomelo peel as a periodontal soft tissue substitute according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 For Figure 1 the palatal direction;

[0040] Figure 3 For Figure 1 the overall state after operation on the dental model;

[0041] Figure 4 For Figure 1Operation on the dental model: After taking epithelial tissue from the palatal tissue of the maxilla, the donor site is simulated with white paper as a collagen sponge (a hemostatic material), and cross-mattress suture is used to fix it to the donor site wound;

[0042] Figure 5 For operation on Figure 1 Operation on the dental model: Suture and fix the epithelial tissue to the buccal defect (outer side);

[0043] Figure 6 For operation on Figure 1 Operation on the dental model: After taking non-epithelial tissue from the palatal tissue of the maxilla, the donor site wound is sutured intermittently;

[0044] Figure 7 For operation on Figure 1 Operation on the dental model: Insert the taken non-epithelial tissue into the gingival tissue of the buccal defect, and suture and fix it crosswise from the buccal and lingual sides;

[0045] Figure 8 A photo of a bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to an embodiment of the present invention (the dental model is fixed to the artificial head model);

[0046] Figure 9 For Figure 8 the palatal direction. Specific embodiments

[0047] The following specific examples illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0048] Term explanation:

[0049] The dental model, also known as the oral model, can be a standard model or a study model. The standard model (also known as the standard tooth model or reference tooth model) is made according to the unified dental anatomical structure and proportion. It mainly restores the human standard dentition, teeth, and jaw structure, and at the same time can display the human alveolar ridge, palate, and lingual structure as well as the occlusion relationship of the upper and lower jaws. If the model is prepared from the patient's oral cavity, it is called the primary model or study model, which mainly reflects the oral conditions of a specific patient, including the dentition, teeth, jaw, and occlusion relationship, etc.

[0050] The dental model is not limited by the material and is commonly used in clinical and teaching. Preferably, it is hard, such as gypsum, etc.

[0051] The periodontal soft tissue substitute, namely the gingiva and the soft tissue below it, have the same meaning.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Use plaster to pour a dental model, drill pores between teeth to simulate the interdental spaces in clinical practice, which helps with the practice of various complex suture methods such as interrupted sutures, suspension sutures, and mattress sutures in periodontics. Make round-rectangular pits on the labial-buccal and palatal sides to form a structure for fixing tissue specimens. Fix the treated grapefruit peel at the pits with 502 glue, and finally place the entire plaster model on a head phantom. Complete the bionic system.

[0054] On the base of previous training systems, there were plaster models, periodontal pathology models, pig head models, etc. In the present invention, a plaster model was selected as the basis. The reasons are as follows: It is simple to make and cheap. It is easy to modify and can be reused repeatedly. During the training process, the difficulty can be increased step by step. In the initial stage, a standard model is used. In the later stage, by replicating the initial oral model (study model) of the patient, different clinical structures and forms can be restored, improving the training level.

[0055] The pig head model is inconsistent with humans in terms of tooth arrangement, morphology, etc., and it cannot be fixed on the head phantom to simulate the patient's oral system, having no significance for reference in actual operations. It is only suitable for junior students to learn suture methods and cannot improve suture techniques to adapt to the difficulty of periodontal microsurgery.

[0056] The plaster model can fully reflect the real oral conditions of humans, including the dental arch, tooth arrangement, and jaw morphology. The study model prepared from the patient's oral cavity can be used for various exercises according to different situations, practicing the surgical process in a targeted manner, which helps improve the clinical actual operation level.

[0057] On the basis of selecting the plaster model, in order to combine the periodontal soft tissue with the plaster model, after various attempts, grapefruit peel was finally selected as the periodontal soft tissue substitute.

[0058] Previous periodontal soft tissue substitutes were often silicone gums, rubber sheets, plants such as eggplants, and animal gums such as pig heads.

[0059] The silicone gum has a tough texture, uniform thickness and no delamination, which does not conform to the actual periodontal soft tissue. The periodontal soft tissue is divided into keratinized epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue. The thickness of the soft tissue is closely related to the patient himself, the location of the teeth, etc. Even for adjacent teeth of the same patient, the gingival thickness can vary by 1 mm or more before and after. Some patients have tough soft tissues, while some are brittle and easy to tear. The silicone gum cannot adapt to various situations in clinical practice and is only suitable for beginners to practice basic incision, flap elevation and suture. However, for more difficult periodontal microsurgery, the practice significance is not good. And the silicone model is about 150 - 200 yuan per piece, with a high price and cannot be reused.

[0060] The soft tissues of animals such as pig jaws are very thick and abundant, and cannot be fixed on the dental mannequin. The practice difficulty is low, and it is also only suitable for beginners to practice basic incision, flap elevation and suture. Pig heads also have a high price, high storage requirements, unpleasant smell, and the risk of bacterial infection if not stored properly.

[0061] The rubber sheet is very thin and is somewhat similar to thin-gingiva patients in clinical practice. The suture practice is more difficult and suitable for advanced suture learning. However, the rubber sheet is flat, cannot be placed on the dental mannequin to imitate the actual position of the patient, and has no dentition, so complex incision design and incision practice cannot be carried out. It is only suitable for advanced attempts to practice suture techniques under the microscope, but it is not helpful for simulating the actual position of clinical surgery, the use of mouth mirrors, and various types of incision methods. And the thickness is single, not suitable for practicing various clinical situations.

[0062] Plant tissues such as eggplants are relatively loose and have delamination. To a certain extent, they can simulate periodontal soft tissues with different thicknesses and different layers. However, these plants in previous models cannot be fixed on the dental mannequin and cannot be combined with teeth. Therefore, practice cannot be carried out in simulating and restoring incision, position, mouth mirror, or even complex suture methods.

[0063] After multiple screenings, pomelo peel was finally selected. The reasons are as follows: The thickness of the keratinized epithelium of the gum is about 0.5 - 1 mm, and the epidermal thickness of the pomelo is about 1 mm, which are basically the same. The thickness of the subepithelial connective tissue under the keratinized epithelium varies from about 1 - 2.5 mm. The inner layer of the pomelo peel is 4 - 5 mm, with a slightly soft texture and easy to cut. And different thicknesses of pomelo peel can be prepared according to needs to target different types of periodontal soft tissues in clinical practice, perfectly adapting to different levels of operation difficulty and comprehensively imitating different complex situations in clinical practice. The evaluation and scoring criteria of the materials are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0064] Table 1 Material Evaluation

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] *, freeze at -20°C for 1 week and recover at 4°C

[0068] Table 2 Scoring Criteria

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] In order to make the texture of pomelo peel infinitely close to that of gingival tissue, different ways of treating pomelo peel were tried. Fresh pomelo peel has good elasticity and is easy to cut, but it has a lot of tissue moisture. Especially when suturing, it is brittle and exudes a lot of liquid, which is not conducive to practice. After wrapping the pomelo peel with a plastic bag and placing it in the air or in a 4°C environment in the refrigerator, it was found that after taking it out, the tissue morphology and moisture performance were inconsistent. Sometimes the moisture would increase in the cold environment, and most of the moisture would volatilize at room temperature. Moreover, the changes in the tissue edge and the central area were inconsistent. After repeated comparison, it was finally found that the pomelo peel wrapped with a plastic bag was pre-frozen at -20°C for no more than 2 weeks. Before use, the plastic bag was removed and the pomelo peel was pre-recovered at 4°C. The pomelo peel was most similar to the gingival tissue during cutting and suturing. The tissue has the best elasticity, toughness and feel, and the tissue changes are basically similar and easy to control.

[0072] The pomelo peel was cut according to the size of the circular-rectangular concave pit made. The good elasticity of the pomelo peel enables it to fit the prepared concave pit extremely well. Using a small amount of 502 to fix it to the bottom of the concave pit can make the pomelo peel more firmly fixed on the model, avoid movement, and better simulate the direction, strength and feel of the force during cutting.

[0073] By preparing grooves on the plaster model, the most suitable periodontal soft tissue substitute - pomelo peel was bonded and fixed at the grooves, and finally placed on the phantom head model. Thus, the present invention solves the defects of various previous models. It can not only practice the incision and suture of conventional periodontal surgeries (including gingivectomy, gingival flap surgery, etc.), but also highly adapts to the simulation learning of periodontal microsurgical plastic surgeries. One set of system can meet the learning of the microscope position, the placement and application of the mouth mirror under the microscope, the selection of the fulcrum. Under the microscope, under the truly restored dentition and jawbone, practice difficult surgical operations on the highly simulated periodontal soft tissue, such as the precise incision and flap taking of the gingival epithelial or subepithelial connective tissue graft, and the difficult suture techniques of suturing the graft in situ or suturing it to the previously prepared buccal recipient area, completely restoring the process of periodontal or peri-implant soft tissue augmentation surgery. The dental model of the bionic model system for periodontal surgery training in this embodiment uses pomelo peel as the periodontal tissue substitute, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown. AsFigures 3 - 7 As shown, operation practice of various periodontal surgeries can be carried out. For example Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the bionic model system for periodontal surgery training in this embodiment uses an imitation head model as a support base, and pomelo peel is used as a substitute for periodontal soft tissues on both the inner and outer sides of the upper teeth.

[0074] The incision and suture of periodontal surgery are for soft tissues, and there has never been a precedent for using a plaster model in the past. By using a plaster model and modifying it, pomelo peel is used to replace the gingiva and the soft tissues below it on the model. The innovative combination of the two enables this training model to fully restore the positions of the patient and the operator, the use of the surgical microscope and the mouth mirror, the tactile process of incision and suture, etc. in the actual clinical process, and maximally achieve the purpose of simulating professional training. Through the modification of the plaster model, pomelo peel can also be placed in the tooth space or the edentulous space to flexibly simulate the processes of different periodontal or implant surgeries. The whole system is cheap, flexible and convenient.

[0075] The preferred specific embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and examples. Various changes can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A bionic model system for periodontal surgery training, characterized in that, It includes a dental model, a periodontal soft tissue substitute provided on at least one of the inner and outer sides of the dental model, and an optional support base; The periodontal soft tissue substitute is pomelo peel.

2. The bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to claim 1, wherein The dental model is a plaster model; The support base is a head mold replica.

3. The bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The epidermis thickness of the pomelo peel is 0.8 - 1.2 mm, and the inner layer thickness of the pomelo peel is 4 - 5 mm.

4. The bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The pomelo peel undergoes the processing steps of cryopretreatment and resuscitation.

5. The bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The pomelo peel undergoes the processing steps of cryopretreatment at -15 to -25 °C and resuscitation at 1 - 5 °C.

6. The bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, At least one of the inner and outer sides of the dental model is provided with a pit for placing the periodontal soft tissue substitute.

7. The bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The periodontal soft tissue substitute is fixed to at least one of the inner and outer sides of the dental model by an adhesive, or is fixed to at least one of the inner and outer sides of the dental model in a detachable manner.

8. A preparation method of a bionic model system for periodontal surgery training according to any one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that S01, cut the pomelo peel; S02, fix the cut pomelo peel to at least one of the inner and outer sides of the dental model; S03, install the dental model with the fixed pomelo peel onto the head mold replica.

9. Application of pomelo peel as a periodontal soft tissue substitute.

10. Application of pomelo peel in the preparation of a model containing periodontal soft tissue and substitute.

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