Intelligent discontinuous reception (DRX) wake-up and warm-up in hybrid carrier aggregation

Abstract

Aspects relate to techniques for providing a joint discontinuous reception (DRX) warm-up occasion in a hybrid carrier aggregation (CA) scenario in which a user equipment (UE) communicates with different cells using different radio access technologies (RATs), each radio access technology (RAT) being associated with a different frequency range (e.g., FR1 and FR2). The UE can identify respective warm-up opportunities for each of the RATs that occur in different DRX cycles. The UE can further modify at least one of the warm-up opportunities to provide a joint warm-up opportunity during the same DRX cycle to perform a tracking loop update for each of the RATs.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This patent application claims the priority of pending Indian Application No. 202241071586, filed on December 12, 2022, which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein and for all applicable purposes. Field of Technology

[0003] The technology discussed below generally relates to wireless communication networks and, more particularly, to modifying discontinuous reception pre - warm timing in a hybrid carrier aggregation scenario. Background Art

[0004] In a wireless communication system (such as those specified under the 5G New Radio (NR) standard), a user equipment (UE) may operate in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. The DRX mode allows the UE to remain in a low - power state (such as a dormant state) for a period of time. Between dormant periods, the UE may wake up (e.g., perform a power - on operation) to enter an active state and communicate with the network. The UE may enter the DRX mode in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state (connected - mode DRX (C - DRX)) or in an RRC idle state (idle - mode DRX (I - DRX)). In C - DRX, the UE may be configured with a DRX - on duration and a DRX - off duration. During the DRX - on duration, the UE may wake up and monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and send or receive user data traffic. In I - DRX, the UE may wake up periodically during the DRX - on duration to receive paging based on a paging cycle.

[0005] A wireless communication network may further utilize a coordinated multi - point (CoMP) network configuration, where transmissions from multiple transmission points (TRP) may be directed towards the UE simultaneously. In a multi - TRP transmission scheme, the multiple TRPs may or may not be co - located and may or may not be within the same cell. Each of the multiple TRPs may send the same or different data to the user equipment (UE). When different data is sent from multiple TRPs, a higher throughput may be achieved. When the same data (with potentially different redundant versions) is sent from multiple TRPs, the transmission reliability may be improved.

[0006] In some examples, each TRP can communicate with a UE using the same carrier frequency. In other examples, each TRP can use different carrier frequencies (referred to as component carriers) and carrier aggregation can be performed at the UE. In this example, the multi-TRP transmission scheme can be referred to as a multi-carrier or multi-cell transmission scheme. In a multi-carrier or multi-cell transmission scheme, there are multiple serving cells each using a different component carrier to communicate with the UE. One of the serving cells can be referred to as the primary serving cell (PCell), and the other serving cells can be referred to as secondary serving cells (SCells). The PCell maintains the primary connection with the UE and is responsible for radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0007] The following presents an overview of one or more aspects of the present disclosure to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all the expected features of the present disclosure and is neither intended to identify the key or important elements of all aspects of the present disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in a form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0008] In one example, a user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communication is disclosed. The UE includes a wireless transceiver, a memory, and a processor coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory. The processor is configured to communicate with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicate with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, and identify a first wake-up opportunity for the first RAT and a second wake-up opportunity for the second RAT in the DRX mode. The second wake-up opportunity can occur in a DRX cycle different from the first wake-up opportunity. The processor is further configured to modify at least one of the first wake-up opportunity or the second wake-up opportunity to provide a joint wake-up opportunity for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

[0009] Another example provides a method for wireless communication at a user equipment. The method includes communicating with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicating with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, and identifying a first wake-up opportunity for the first RAT and a second wake-up opportunity for the second RAT in the DRX mode. The second wake-up opportunity may occur in a DRX cycle different from the first wake-up opportunity. The method further includes modifying at least one of the first wake-up opportunity or the second wake-up opportunity to provide a joint wake-up opportunity for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

[0010] Another example provides a UE that includes components for performing the following operations: communicating with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicating with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, and identifying a first wake-up opportunity for the first RAT and a second wake-up opportunity for the second RAT in the DRX mode. The second wake-up opportunity may occur in a DRX cycle different from the first wake-up opportunity. The UE further includes components for modifying at least one of the first wake-up opportunity or the second wake-up opportunity to provide a joint wake-up opportunity for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

[0011] These and other aspects will be more fully understood after reading the following detailed description. After reading the following description of specific exemplary examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other aspects, features, and examples will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Although the features may be discussed below with respect to certain examples and drawings, all examples may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more examples may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, such features may be used, one or more at a time, in accordance with the various examples discussed herein. In a similar manner, although the exemplary examples may be discussed below as examples of devices, systems, or methods, such exemplary examples may be implemented in a variety of devices, systems, and methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a wireless communication system in accordance with some aspects.

[0013] Figure 2 is a conceptual illustration of an example of a radio access network in accordance with some aspects.

[0014] Figure 3FIG. is an example diagram illustrating a frame structure used in a radio access network according to some aspects.

[0015] Figure 4 FIG. is a diagram illustrating an example of idle mode discontinuous reception (I-DRX) according to some aspects.

[0016] Figure 5 FIG. is a diagram illustrating an example of connected mode discontinuous reception (C-DRX) according to some aspects.

[0017] Figure 6 FIG. is a diagram illustrating a multi-cell transmission environment according to some aspects.

[0018] Figure 7 FIG. is a diagram illustrating an example of hybrid CA DRX wake-up and warm-up according to some aspects.

[0019] Figure 8 FIG. is a diagram illustrating an example of reduced warm-up timing in a DRX mode for a hybrid CA scenario according to some aspects.

[0020] Figure 8 FIG. is a diagram illustrating another example of reduced warm-up timing in a DRX mode for a hybrid CA scenario according to some aspects.

[0021] Figure 10 FIG. is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a user equipment (UE) employing a processing system according to some aspects.

[0022] Figure 11 FIG. is a flowchart of an exemplary method for modifying DRX warm-up timing in a hybrid carrier aggregation scenario according to some aspects.

[0023] Figure 12 FIG. is a flowchart of an exemplary method for performing a tracking loop update using modified DRX warm-up timing in a hybrid carrier aggregation scenario according to some aspects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. For purposes of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed description includes specific details. It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that the concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0025] Although aspects and examples are described herein by way of illustration of some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases can be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The innovations described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, packaging arrangements. For example, the examples and / or uses can be generated via integrated chip examples and other non-module component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not specifically point to use cases or applications, a wide variety of applicability of the described innovations can occur. Implementations can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or OEM devices or systems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also necessarily include additional components and features for the implementation and execution of the claimed and described examples. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The innovations described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, decomposed arrangements, end-user devices, etc. of various sizes, shapes, and constitutions.

[0026] Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for providing DRX joint warm-up opportunities in a mixed carrier aggregation (CA) scenario. The mixed CA scenario can involve a UE communicating with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range (FR) (such as FR1), and communicating with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second FR (such as FR2). In DRX mode, the UE can periodically perform tracking loop updates (such as time tracking loop (TTL) updates and frequency tracking loop (FTL) updates) during warm-up opportunities, in which the UE powers on (wakes up) to receive reference signals (such as synchronization signal blocks (SSBs)) and updates the tracking loop based on the received SSBs. For a mixed CA scenario, each RAT can have a different wake-up periodicity for performing tracking loop updates, which can cause the UE to wake up more frequently to perform tracking loop updates than when the wake-up periodicities between RATs are the same. Thus, in various aspects, the UE can modify the respective warm-up opportunities of at least one of the RATs to provide joint warm-up opportunities for the two RATs during the same DRX cycle.

[0027] In some examples, the UE may derive a combined wake-up periodicity for each radio access technology (RAT) in a RAT based on the respective wake-up periodicities of each RAT in the RAT. For example, the combined wake-up periodicity may correspond to the maximum or minimum of the respective wake-up periodicities, the average of the respective wake-up periodicities, or any other combined wake-up periodicity between the respective wake-up periodicities. In some examples, the UE may further modify the combined wake-up periodicity based on the channel conditions of at least one RAT in the RAT.

[0028] In some examples, before a first warm-up opportunity for a first RAT, the UE may perform an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators (e.g., channel conditions, beam rotation, UE sensor inputs, etc.) for a second RAT. Based on this evaluation, the UE may modify a second warm-up opportunity for the second RAT to occur within the same discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle as the first warm-up opportunity, so as to provide a combined warm-up opportunity for the two RATs. Additionally, the UE may skip one or more subsequent warm-up opportunities for the second RAT based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT.

[0029] The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented across a wide variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards. Now refer to Figure 1 , by way of illustrative example and not limitation, various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated with reference to a wireless communication system 100. The wireless communication system 100 includes three interacting domains: a core network 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a user equipment (UE) 106. By means of the wireless communication system 100, the UE 106 can be enabled to perform data communication with an external data network 110 (such as, but not limited to, the Internet).

[0030] The RAN 104 may implement any suitable one or more wireless communication technologies to provide radio access to the UE 106. As an example, the RAN 104 may operate according to the New Radio (NR) specification of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) (commonly referred to as 5G). As another example, the RAN 104 may operate according to a hybrid of 5G NR and the evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (eUTRAN) standard (commonly referred to as Long Term Evolution (LTE)). 3GPP refers to this hybrid RAN as the next generation RAN or NG-RAN. Of course, many other examples may be utilized within the scope of this disclosure.

[0031] As illustrated, RAN 104 includes a plurality of network entities 108, which may correspond to, for example, a centralized base station and / or a distributed base station. Broadly speaking, a base station is a network element in a radio access network that is responsible for radio transmission and reception to or from a UE in one or more cells. In different technologies, standards, or contexts, a base station may be differently referred to by those skilled in the art as a transceiver base station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), access point (AP), Node B (NB), eNode B (eNB), gNode B (gNB), transmit and receive point (TRP), or some other suitable term. In some examples, a base station may include two or more TRPs that may be co-located or non-co-located. Each TRP may communicate on the same or different carrier frequencies within the same or different frequency bands. In an example where RAN 104 operates according to both LTE and 5G NR standards, one of the base stations in each base station may be an LTE base station, while the other base station may be a 5G NR base station.

[0032] RAN 104 is also illustrated as supporting wireless communication for a plurality of mobile devices. In the 3GPP standard, a mobile device may be referred to as a user equipment (UE), but those skilled in the art may also refer to it as a mobile station (MS), user station, mobile unit, user unit, radio unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile user station, access terminal (AT), mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, terminal, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term. A UE may be a device (e.g., a mobile device) that provides access to network services to a user.

[0033] Within this disclosure, a "mobile" device does not necessarily need to have the ability to move, and it may be stationary. The terms mobile device or mobile equipment broadly refer to a wide variety of devices and technologies. A UE may include a plurality of hardware structural components whose size, shape, and arrangement facilitate communication; such components may include antennas, antenna arrays, RF chains, TX chains, amplifiers, one or more processors, etc., that are electrically coupled to each other. For example, some non-limiting examples of mobile devices include mobile stations, cellular (cell) phones, smartphones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal computers (PCs), notebooks, netbooks, smartbooks, tablet devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and a wide range of embedded systems, e.g., corresponding to the "Internet of Things" (IoT).

[0034] The mobile device can also be an automobile or other transportation vehicle, a remote sensor or actuator, a robot or robotic device, a satellite radio, a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, an object tracking device, a drone, a multi-axis aircraft, a quadcopter, a remote control device, a consumer and / or wearable device (such as glasses, a wearable camera, a virtual reality device, a smart watch, a health or fitness tracker, a digital audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a camera, a game console, etc.). The mobile device can also be a digital home or smart home device (such as a home audio, video, and / or multimedia device), an appliance, a vending machine, a smart lighting device, a home security system, a smart meter, etc.). The mobile device can also be a smart energy device, a security device, a solar panel or solar array, a municipal infrastructure device for controlling electric power (e.g., a smart grid), lighting, water supply, etc., an industrial automation and enterprise device, a logistics controller, and / or an agricultural equipment, etc.). Additionally, the mobile device can provide connected medical or telemedicine support, such as healthcare at a distance. The telemedicine device can include a telemedicine monitoring device and a telemedicine management device, and their communication can be given priority or precedence over access to other types of information, e.g., in terms of priority access for the transmission of critical service data and / or the associated QoS for the transmission of critical service data.

[0035] The wireless communication between the RAN 104 and the UE 106 can be described as utilizing an air interface. The transmission from a base station (e.g., base station 108) to one or more UEs (e.g., similar to UE 106) over the air interface can be referred to as a downlink (DL) transmission. According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, the term "downlink" can refer to a point-to-multipoint transmission originating from a base station (e.g., base station 108). Another way to describe this scheme can be to use the term "broadcast channel multiplexing". The transmission from a UE (e.g., UE 106) to a base station (e.g., base station 108) can be referred to as an uplink (UL) transmission. According to further aspects of the present disclosure, the term "uplink" can refer to a point-to-point transmission originating at a UE (e.g., UE 106).

[0036] In some examples, access to the air interface can be scheduled, where a scheduling entity (e.g., base station 108) allocates resources for communication among some or all of the devices and equipment within its service area or cell. Within the present disclosure, as further discussed below, the scheduling entity can be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., UE 106). That is, for scheduled communication, multiple UEs 106 (which can be the scheduled entities) can utilize the resources allocated by the scheduling entity 108.

[0037] Base station 108 is not the only entity that can act as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE can act as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more other UEs). For example, a UE can communicate directly with other UEs peer-to-peer or device-to-device (e.g., via a sidelink) and / or in a relay configuration.

[0038] As Figure 1 illustrated, the scheduling entity 108 can broadcast downlink traffic 112 to one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more UEs 106). Broadly speaking, the scheduling entity 108 is a node or device responsible for scheduling traffic in a wireless communication network, including downlink traffic 112 and, in some examples, including uplink traffic 116 from one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more UEs 106) to the scheduling entity 108. On the other hand, a scheduled entity (e.g., UE 106) is a node or device that receives downlink control 114 information (including but not limited to scheduling information (e.g., grants), synchronization or timing information, or other control information) from another entity in a wireless communication network, such as the scheduling entity 108. The scheduled entity (e.g., UE 106) can send uplink control 118 information including one or more uplink control channels to the scheduling entity 108. The uplink control 118 information can include various packet types and categories (including pilots, reference signals, and information configured to enable or assist in decoding uplink data transmissions).

[0039] Additionally, uplink and / or downlink control information and / or traffic information can be sent on a waveform that can be divided in time into frames, subframes, time slots, and / or symbols. As used herein, a symbol can refer to a time unit that carries one resource element (RE) per subcarrier in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. A time slot can carry 7 or 14 OFDM symbols. A subframe can refer to a duration of 1 ms. Multiple subframes or time slots can be grouped together to form a single frame or radio frame. Within this disclosure, a frame can refer to a predetermined duration for wireless transmission (e.g., 10 ms), where each frame, for example, consists of 10 subframes each of 1 ms. Of course, these definitions are not required, and any suitable scheme for organizing the waveform can be utilized, and the various time divisions of the waveform can have any suitable duration.

[0040] Generally speaking, the base station 108 may include a fronthaul interface for communicating with the fronthaul portion 120 of the wireless communication system 100. The fronthaul portion 120 may provide a link between the base station 108 and the core network 102. Additionally, in some examples, the fronthaul network may provide an interconnection between the respective base stations 108. Various types of fronthaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, virtual networks, or the like using any suitable transport network) may be employed.

[0041] The core network 102 may be a part of the wireless communication system 100 and may be independent of the radio access technology used in the RAN 104. In some examples, the core network 102 may be configured according to 5G standards (e.g., 5GC). In other examples, the core network 102 may be configured according to 4G evolved packet core (EPC) or any other appropriate standard or configuration.

[0042] Now referring to Figure 2 , by way of illustrative example and not limitation, a schematic illustration of an example of a radio access network (RAN) 200 according to some aspects of the present disclosure is provided. In some examples, the RAN 200 may be the same as the RAN 104 described above and illustrated in Figure 1 .

[0043] The geographical area covered by the RAN 200 may be divided into several cellular areas (cells), and user equipment (UE) may uniquely identify these cellular areas (cells) based on an identifier broadcast from one access point or base station (e.g., aggregated or disaggregated) within the geographical area. Figure 2 Cells 202, 204, 206, and 208 are illustrated, where each may include one or more sectors (not shown). A sector is a sub-region of a cell. All sectors within a cell are served by the same base station. The radio link within a sector may be identified by a single logical identifier belonging to that sector. In a cell divided into sectors, multiple sectors within the cell may be formed by multiple sets of antennas, where each antenna is responsible for communicating with UEs in a part of the cell.

[0044] Various network entities (such as base stations) may be arranged. For example, in Figure 2In [the figure], two base stations (Base Station 210 and Base Station 212) are shown in Cells 202 and 204. A third base station (Base Station 214) is shown as controlling a Remote Radio Head (RRH) 216 in Cell 206. That is, a base station may have an integrated antenna or may be connected to an antenna or RRH 216 by a feeder cable. In the illustrated example, Cells 202, 204, and 206 may be referred to as macro cells because Base Stations 210, 212, and 214 support cells with large sizes. Additionally, Base Station 218 is shown in Cell 208, which may overlap with one or more macro cells. In this example, Cell 208 may be referred to as a small cell (e.g., a micro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, a home base station, a home Node B, a home eNode B, etc.) because Base Station 218 supports a cell with a relatively small size. Cell sizing may be performed according to system design and component constraints.

[0045] It should be understood that the RAN 200 may include any number of radio base stations and cells. Additionally, relay nodes may be deployed to extend the size or coverage area of a given cell. Base Stations 210, 212, 214, 218 provide a wireless access point to the core network for any number of mobile devices. In some examples, Base Stations 210, 212, 214, and / or 218 may be the same as or similar to the scheduling entity 108 described above and illustrated in Figure 1 [the figure].

[0046] Figure 2 Also included is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) 220, which may be a drone or a quadcopter. The UAV 220 may be configured to act as a base station, or more specifically as a mobile base station. That is, in some examples, a cell may not have to be stationary, and the geographical area of a cell may move according to the position of a mobile base station such as the UAV 220.

[0047] Within the RAN 200, a cell may include UEs that can communicate with one or more sectors of each cell. Additionally, each of Base Stations 210, 212, 214, 218, and 220 may be configured to provide an access point to the core network 102 (see Figure 1 ) to all UEs in the corresponding cell. For example, UEs 222 and 224 may communicate with Base Station 210; UEs 226 and 228 may communicate with Base Station 212; UEs 230 and 232 may communicate with Base Station 214 via RRH 216; UE 234 may communicate with Base Station 218; and UE 236 may communicate with mobile base station 220. In some examples, UEs 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, and / or 242 may be the same as or similar to those described above and illustrated in Figure 1is the same as or similar to the UE / scheduled entity 106 illustrated therein. In some examples, the UAV 220 (e.g., quadcopter) can be a mobile network node and can be configured to act as a UE. For example, the UAV 220 can operate within the cell 202 by communicating with the base station 210.

[0048] In another aspect of the RAN 200, sidelink signals can be used between UEs without relying on scheduling or control information from the base station. Sidelink communication can be utilized in device-to-device (D2D) networks, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, and / or other suitable sidelink networks. For example, two or more UEs (e.g., UEs 238, 240, and 242) can communicate with each other using the sidelink signal 237 without relaying the communication through the base station. In some examples, each of the UEs 238, 240, and 242 can act as a scheduling entity or transmitting sidelink device and / or a scheduled entity or receiving sidelink device to schedule resources and convey the sidelink signal 237 among them without relying on scheduling or control information from the base station. In other examples, two or more UEs (e.g., UEs 226 and 228) within the coverage area of a base station (e.g., base station 212) can also convey the sidelink signal 227 through a direct link (sidelink) without transporting the communication through the base station 212. In this example, the base station 212 can allocate resources to the UEs 226 and 228 for sidelink communication.

[0049] In some examples, a D2D relay framework can be included within the cellular network to facilitate relaying of communications to / from the base station 212 via a D2D link (e.g., sidelink 227 or 237). For example, one or more UEs (e.g., UE 228) within the coverage area of the base station 212 can operate as a relay UE to extend the coverage of the base station 212, improve the transmission reliability to one or more UEs (e.g., UE 226), and / or allow the base station to recover from a failed UE link due to, for example, blockage or fading.

[0050] To obtain a low block error rate (BLER) for transmissions over the air interface while still achieving very high data rates, channel decoding can be used. That is, wireless communications can generally utilize suitable error-correcting block codes. In a typical block code, an information message or sequence is split into code blocks (CBs), and an encoder (e.g., codec) at the transmitting device then mathematically adds redundancy to the information message. Utilizing this redundancy in the encoded information message can improve the reliability of the message and enable correction of any bit errors that may occur due to noise.

[0051] Data decoding can be implemented in multiple ways. In the early 5G NR specifications, quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (LDPC) is used to decode user data using two different base graphs: one base graph is used for large code blocks and / or high code rates, and another base graph is used for other cases. Polar decoding is used to decode control information and the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) based on nested sequences. For these channels, rate matching is performed using puncturing, shortening, and repetition.

[0052] Aspects of the present disclosure can be implemented using any suitable channel code. Various specific implementations of the base station and the UE may include suitable hardware and capabilities (e.g., encoders, decoders, and / or codecs) to perform wireless communication using one or more of these channel codes.

[0053] In the RAN 200, the ability of the UE to communicate while moving (independent of its location) is referred to as mobility. The various physical channels between the UE and the RAN 200 are typically established, maintained, and released under the control of the access and mobility management function (AMF). In some scenarios, the AMF may include a security context management function (SCMF) and a security anchor function (SEAF) that performs authentication. The SCMF may manage the security context for both the control plane function and the user plane function, either in whole or in part.

[0054] In various aspects of the present disclosure, the RAN 200 can utilize DL-based mobility or UL-based mobility to achieve movement and handover (i.e., the connection of the UE is transferred from one radio channel to another radio channel). In a network configured for DL-based mobility, during a call with a scheduling entity or at any other time, the UE can monitor various parameters of the signals from its serving cell and various parameters of adjacent cells. Based on the quality of these parameters, the UE can maintain communication with one or more adjacent cells. During this time period, if the UE moves from one cell to another cell, or if the signal quality from an adjacent cell exceeds the signal quality from the serving cell by a given amount of time, the UE can perform a handover or handoff from the serving cell to the adjacent (target) cell. For example, the UE 224 can move from the geographical area corresponding to its serving cell 202 to the geographical area corresponding to the adjacent cell 206. When the signal strength or quality from the adjacent cell 206 exceeds the signal strength and quality of its serving cell 202 by a given amount of time, the UE 224 can send a report message indicating this situation to its serving base station 210. In response, the UE 224 can receive a handover command, and the UE can perform a handover to the cell 206.

[0055] In a network configured for UL-based mobility, the network can select a serving cell for each UE by utilizing UL reference signals from each UE. In some examples, base stations 210, 212, and 214 / 216 may broadcast unified synchronization signals (e.g., a unified primary synchronization signal (PSS), a unified secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a unified physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). UEs 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, and 232 may receive the unified synchronization signals, derive the carrier frequency and slot timing from these synchronization signals, and transmit an uplink pilot or reference signal in response to the derived timing. The uplink pilot signal transmitted by a UE (e.g., UE 224) may be concurrently received by two or more cells (e.g., base stations 210 and 214 / 216) within the RAN 200. Each of the cells may measure the strength of the pilot signal, and the radio access network (e.g., one or more of base stations 210 and 214 / 216 and / or a central node within the core network) may determine the serving cell for UE 224. As UE 224 moves through the RAN 200, the RAN 200 may continue to monitor the uplink pilot signal transmitted by UE 224. When the signal strength or quality of the pilot signal measured by an adjacent cell exceeds the signal strength or quality measured by the serving cell, the RAN 200 may hand over UE 224 from the serving cell to the adjacent cell with or without notifying UE 224.

[0056] Although the synchronization signals transmitted by base stations 210, 212, and 214 / 216 may be unified, the synchronization signal may not identify a specific cell, but rather may identify a zone of multiple cells operating on the same frequency and / or using the same timing. The use of zones in 5G networks or other next-generation communication networks enables an UL-based mobility framework and improves the efficiency of both the UE and the network, as the number of mobility messages that need to be exchanged between the UE and the network can be reduced.

[0057] In various embodiments, the air interface in radio access network 200 may utilize licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or shared spectrum. Licensed spectrum generally provides exclusive use of a portion of the spectrum by a mobile network operator by purchasing a license from a government regulatory agency. Unlicensed spectrum provides shared use of a portion of the spectrum without the need for a government-granted license. Although some technical rules are generally still required to access unlicensed spectrum, access is generally available to any operator or device. Shared spectrum can fall between licensed and unlicensed spectrum, where access to the spectrum may require technical rules or restrictions, but the spectrum can still be shared by multiple operators and / or multiple radio access technologies (RATs). For example, a license holder of a portion of licensed spectrum may provide licensed shared access (LSA) to share the spectrum with other parties (e.g., with appropriate licensee-determined conditions to obtain access).

[0058] The electromagnetic spectrum is generally subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band. Regarding FR2, a similar naming issue sometimes occurs, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the “millimeter wave” band.

[0059] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designations FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4-a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher bands falls within the EHF band.

[0060] Taking into account the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if used herein, terms such as "below 6 GHz" can generally represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. Additionally, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if terms such as "millimeter wave" are used herein, they can generally represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0061] Devices communicating in the radio access network 200 can utilize one or more multiplexing techniques and multiple access algorithms to enable simultaneous communication of various devices. For example, the 5G NR specification provides multiple access for UL transmissions from UEs 222 and 224 to the base station 210, and multiplexing of DL transmissions from the base station 210 to one or more UEs 222 and 224 using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP). Additionally, for UL transmissions, the 5G NR specification provides support for discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) with CP (also known as single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)). However, within the scope of the present disclosure, multiplexing and multiple access are not limited to the above schemes and can be provided using time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), sparse code multiple access (SCMA), resource spreading multiple access (RSMA), or other suitable multiple access schemes. Furthermore, time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), sparse code multiplexing (SCM), or other suitable multiplexing schemes can be utilized to provide multiplexing of DL transmissions from the base station 210 to UEs 222 and 224.

[0062] Devices in the radio access network 200 may also utilize one or more duplexing algorithms. Duplexing refers to a point-to-point communication link where two endpoints can communicate with each other in two directions. Full duplex means that two endpoints can communicate with each other simultaneously. Half duplex means that only one endpoint can transmit information to the other endpoint at a time. Half duplex emulation is often implemented using time division duplex (TDD) for wireless links. In TDD, transmissions in different directions on a given channel are separated from each other using time division multiplexing. That is, in some scenarios, the channel is dedicated to transmission in one direction, while at other times, the channel is dedicated to transmission in the other direction, where the direction can change very rapidly, e.g., several times per time slot. In a wireless link, a full duplex channel typically relies on physical isolation of the transmitter and receiver and appropriate interference cancellation techniques. Full duplex emulation is often implemented for wireless links by utilizing frequency division duplex (FDD) or space division duplex (SDD). In FDD, transmissions in different directions can operate at different carrier frequencies (e.g., within paired spectra). In SDD, space division multiplexing (SDM) is used to separate transmissions in different directions on a given channel. In other examples, full duplex communication can be implemented within unpaired spectra (e.g., within a single carrier bandwidth), where transmissions in different directions occur in different subbands of the carrier bandwidth. This type of full duplex communication may be referred to herein as subband full duplex (SBFD), also known as flexible duplex.

[0063] Reference will be made to Figure 3 the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform schematically illustrated in

[0064] Now refer to Figure 3 , which illustrates an expanded view of an exemplary subframe 302 that illustrates an OFDM resource grid. However, as will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, the physical (PHY) transmission structure for any particular application may differ from the examples described herein depending on any number of factors. Here, time is in terms of OFDM symbols in the horizontal direction; and frequency is in terms of subcarriers of the carrier in the vertical direction.

[0065] The resource grid 304 can be used to schematically represent the time - frequency resources for a given antenna port. That is, in a multiple - input multiple - output (MIMO) implementation with multiple available antenna ports, the corresponding multiple resource grids 304 can be available for communication. The resource grid 304 is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) 306. An RE (which is 1 sub - carrier × 1 symbol) is the smallest discrete part of the time - frequency grid and contains a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. Depending on the modulation utilized in a particular implementation, each RE can represent one or more information bits. In some examples, a block of REs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB) or more simply as a resource block (RB) 308, which contains any suitable number of consecutive sub - carriers in the frequency domain. In one example, an RB may include 12 sub - carriers (a number independent of the parameter set used). In some examples, depending on the parameter set, an RB may include any suitable number of consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain. Within this disclosure, it is assumed that a single RB (such as RB 308) fully corresponds to communication in a single direction (transmission or reception for a given device).

[0066] A set of consecutive or non - consecutive resource blocks may be referred to herein as a resource block group (RBG), a sub - band, or a bandwidth part (BWP). A set of sub - bands or BWPs may span the entire bandwidth. Scheduling a scheduled entity (e.g., a UE) for downlink, uplink, or sidelink transmission involves scheduling one or more resource elements 306 within one or more sub - bands or bandwidth parts (BWPs). Thus, a UE typically utilizes only a subset of the resource grid 304. In some examples, an RB may be the smallest resource unit that can be allocated to a UE. Therefore, the more RBs scheduled for a UE and the higher the modulation scheme selected for the air interface, the higher the data rate for the UE. An RB may be scheduled by a base station (e.g., a gNB, an eNB, etc.) or may be self - scheduled by a UE implementing D2D sidelink communication.

[0067] In this illustration, RB 308 is shown as occupying less than the entire bandwidth of sub - frame 302, with some sub - carriers illustrated above and below RB 308. In a given implementation, sub - frame 302 may have a bandwidth corresponding to any number of one or more RBs 308. Additionally, in this illustration, RB 308 is shown as occupying less than the entire duration of sub - frame 302, but this is only one possible example.

[0068] Each 1 - ms sub - frame 302 may be composed of one or more adjacent time slots. In Figure 3In the example shown, as an illustrative example, a subframe 302 includes four time slots 310. In some examples, a time slot may be defined based on a specified number of OFDM symbols with a given cyclic prefix (CP) length. For example, a time slot may include 7 or 14 OFDM symbols with a nominal CP. Additional examples may include mini-slots (sometimes referred to as shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs)) having a shorter duration (e.g., one to three OFDM symbols). These mini-slots or shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs) may in some cases be transmitted by occupying resources that are scheduled for an ongoing time slot transmission for the same UE or a different UE. Any number of resource blocks may be utilized within a subframe or time slot.

[0069] An expanded view of one of the time slots 310 illustrates the time slot 310 including a control region 312 and a data region 314. Generally speaking, the control region 312 may carry control channels, and the data region 314 may carry data channels. Of course, a time slot may contain all DL, all UL, or at least one DL portion and at least one UL portion. Figure 3 The structure illustrated is merely exemplary in nature, and different time slot structures may be utilized, and these time slot structures may include one or more regions in each of the control region and the data region.

[0070] Although not illustrated in Figure 3 Each RE 306 within the RB 308, although not illustrated, may be scheduled to carry one or more physical channels, including control channels, shared channels, data channels, etc. Other RE 306 within the RB 308 may also carry pilot signals or reference signals. These pilot signals or reference signals may be provided to a receiving device to perform channel estimation of the corresponding channel, which may enable coherent demodulation / detection of control channels and / or data channels within the RB 308.

[0071] In some examples, the time slot 310 may be utilized for broadcast, multicast, groupcast, or unicast communication. For example, broadcast, multicast, or groupcast communication may refer to a point-to-multipoint transmission from one device (e.g., a base station, UE, or other similar device) to other devices. Here, broadcast communication is delivered to all devices, while multicast or groupcast communication is delivered to multiple intended receiving devices. Unicast communication may refer to a point-to-point transmission from one device to a single other device.

[0072] In an example of cellular communication over a cellular carrier via the Uu interface, for DL transmission, a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) may (e.g., within control region 312) allocate one or more resource elements (REs) 306 to one or more scheduled entities (e.g., UEs) to carry DL control information including one or more DL control channels such as the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI), including but not limited to power control commands (e.g., one or more open-loop power control parameters and / or one or more closed-loop power control parameters), scheduling information, grants, and / or assignments of REs for DL transmission and UL transmission. The PDCCH may further carry Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) feedback transmissions such as an acknowledgement (ACK) or a negative acknowledgement (NACK). HARQ is a technique well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, where the integrity of a packet transmission can be verified for accuracy at the receiving side, e.g., using any suitable integrity verification mechanism such as a checksum or a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). If the integrity of the transmission is confirmed, an ACK may be sent, while if not, a NACK may be sent. In response to a NACK, the transmitting device may transmit a HARQ retransmission, which may implement Chase Combining, Incremental Redundancy, etc.

[0073] The base station may further allocate one or more REs 306 (e.g., in control region 312 or data region 314) to carry other DL signals such as Demodulation Reference Signals (DMRS); Phase Tracking Reference Signals (PT-RS); Channel State Information (CSI) Reference Signals (CSI-RS); and Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB). The SSB may be broadcast at regular intervals based on a period (e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, or 160 ms). The SSB includes a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a Physical Broadcast Control Channel (PBCH). The UE may use the PSS and SSS to achieve radio frame, subframe, slot, and symbol synchronization in the time domain, identify the center of the channel (system) bandwidth in the frequency domain, and identify the Physical Cell Identity (PCI) of the cell.

[0074] The PBCH in SSB may also include a master information block (MIB) containing various system information and parameters for decoding system information blocks (SIBs). The SIB may be, for example, System Information Type 1 (SIB1), which may include various additional system information. Together, the MIB and SIB1 provide the minimum system information (SI) for initial access. Examples of the system information sent in the MIB may include, but are not limited to, subcarrier spacing (e.g., default downlink parameter set), system frame number, configuration of the PDCCH control resource set (CORESET) (e.g., PDCCH CORESET0), cell barring indicator, cell reselection indicator, grid offset, and search space for SIB1. Examples of the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) sent in SIB1 may include, but are not limited to, random access search space, paging search space, downlink configuration information, and uplink configuration information. The base station may also send other system information (OSI).

[0075] In UL transmission, the scheduled entity (e.g., UE) may utilize one or more REs 306 to the scheduled entity to carry UL control information (UCI) including one or more UL control channels (such as the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). The UCI may include various packet types and categories, including pilots, reference signals, and information configured to enable or assist in decoding uplink data transmissions. Examples of uplink reference signals may include sounding reference signals (SRS) and uplink DMRS. In some examples, the UCI may include a scheduling request (SR), i.e., a request for the scheduled entity to schedule an uplink transmission. Herein, in response to the SR sent on the UCI, the scheduled entity may send downlink control information (DCI), which may schedule resources for uplink packet transmission. The UCI may also include HARQ feedback, channel state feedback (CSF) (such as CSI report), or any other suitable UCI.

[0076] In addition to control information, one or more REs 306 (e.g., within the data region 314) may also be allocated for data traffic. Such data traffic may be carried on one or more traffic channels (such as, for DL transmission, carried on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)); or for UL transmission, carried on the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In some examples, one or more REs 306 within the data region 314 may be configured to carry other signals (such as one or more SIBs and DMRS).

[0077] In an example of sidelink communication on a sidelink carrier via a Proximity Services (ProSe) PC5 interface, the control region 312 of slot 310 may include a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) that includes sidelink control information (SCI) transmitted by an initiating (transmitting) sidelink device (e.g., a Tx V2X device or other Tx UE) towards a set of one or more other receiving sidelink devices (e.g., an Rx V2X device or other Rx UE). The data region 314 of slot 310 may include a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) that includes sidelink data traffic transmitted by the initiating (transmitting) sidelink device within resources reserved on the sidelink carrier by the SCI at the transmitting sidelink device. Other information may be further transmitted via various resource elements (REs) 306 within slot 310. For example, HARQ feedback information may be transmitted from a receiving sidelink device to a transmitting sidelink device in a Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) within slot 310. Additionally, one or more reference signals (such as sidelink SSB, sidelink CSI-RS, sidelink SRS, and / or sidelink positioning reference signal (PRS)) may be transmitted within slot 310.

[0078] These physical channels described above are typically multiplexed and mapped to transport channels for handling at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The transport channels carry information blocks called transport blocks (TBs). Based on the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and the number of resource blocks (RBs) in a given transmission, the transport block size (TBS) (which may correspond to the number of information bits) can be a controlled parameter.

[0079] Figures 1 to 3 The channels or carriers illustrated are not necessarily all the channels or carriers available between devices, and one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other channels or carriers (such as other traffic, control, and feedback channels) may be available in addition to those illustrated.

[0080] Transmission of data traffic from a network entity to a UE may occur within the downlink OFDM symbols of a subframe or slot. The network entity may indicate to the UE that the network entity has data to send to the UE by transmitting scheduling information that provides the time-frequency resources (e.g., REs) allocated by the network entity for sending data to the UE. The scheduling information may be included, for example, in the downlink control information (DCI) of a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmitted at the start of a subframe or slot. The UE may monitor the PDCCH in each subframe or slot to determine if a downlink data transmission has been scheduled for the UE. However, since the UE may not receive data in every subframe or slot, the PDCCH monitoring process may result in high battery consumption.

[0081] To reduce power consumption and extend battery life, a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) may enter a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. The DRX mode allows the wireless communication device to enter a sleep state (e.g., a low-power state) for a certain period of time. The UE may then wake up periodically (e.g., perform a power-on operation) to communicate with a network entity. The periodic repetition of the cycle between the sleep state and the active state is referred to as DRX in this document. DRX can be implemented by any type of UE, but may be a preferred mode for machine type communication (MTC) devices (such as narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices or other types of devices with reduced capabilities).

[0082] The UE may enter the DRX mode in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state (connected mode DRX (C-DRX)) or in an RRC idle state (idle mode DRX (I-DRX)). A network entity may configure various parameters for the I-DRX mode and the C-DRX mode and provide the DRX parameters to the UE via an upper layer RRC reconfiguration message (e.g., during a handover) or via one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., during an initial attachment).

[0083] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of idle mode discontinuous reception (I-DRX) according to some aspects. A wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) may enter the I-DRX mode during the RRC idle mode when the UE is not connected to a network entity. For example, during an initial cell access, the UE may receive an SIB (e.g., SIB2) including DRX parameters for the I-DRX mode. The UE may then transition to the RRC idle state and enter the I-DRX mode to save power.

[0084] The DRX idle mode (I-DRX) is characterized by a plurality of consecutive DRX cycles 402 in time (t). The duration of each DRX cycle 402 may correspond to, for example, a paging cycle set by the network. For example, the paging cycle may be defined based on radio frames, and the UE may calculate paging frames and paging opportunities within the paging frames for the UE based on the paging cycle. Here, a paging frame corresponds to a radio frame in which the UE may wake up to receive a paging. Additionally, a paging opportunity corresponds to a subframe in which a paging message intended for the UE may be received. In one DRX cycle 402, each UE has only one paging opportunity.

[0085] In Figure 4In the example shown, each DRX cycle 402 includes a DRX on-duration 404 and a DRX off-duration 406. Here, the DRX cycle length (or DRX cycle duration) is equal to the time between the start of one DRX on-duration 404 and the start of the next DRX on-duration 404. The DRX off-duration 406 corresponds to an inactive period during which the wireless communication device does not communicate with the wireless communication network. Thus, during the DRX off-duration 406, the wireless communication device can enter a sleep state or a low-power state for a sleep period corresponding to the DRX off-duration 406 to reduce power consumption. In some examples, the DRX off-duration 406 can be 320 ms, 640 ms, 1280 ms, or 2560 ms.

[0086] Upon entering the DRX on-duration 404, the wireless communication device wakes up by performing a power-on operation to enter an active state. The DRX on-duration 404 can include a paging time window 410 that contains paging occasions during which the wireless communication device can receive paging messages. For example, each paging time window 410 can follow a normal paging cycle (e.g., 1.28 seconds) utilized in the wireless communication network. If the wireless communication device receives a paging during the paging time window 410, the wireless communication device can transition to the RRC connected state to receive a downlink data transmission from a network entity and then transition back to the RRC idle state after receiving the downlink data transmission. At the end of the paging time window 410 or when transitioning back to the RRC idle state, the wireless communication device can enter the sleep state or the low-power state again for the DRX off-duration 406.

[0087] Before each paging time window 410 (e.g., before the subframe number (SFN) of the paging occasion when the wireless communication device wakes up), the wireless communication device may schedule and perform one or more tracking loop updates 408 during the warm-up occasion 412. For example, the wireless communication device may perform a time tracking loop (TTL) update, a frequency tracking loop (FTL) update, a power delay profile (PDP) estimation update, and / or an automatic gain control (AGC) update process during the warm-up occasion 412. For example, by implementing the TTL, the wireless communication device may be able to correct timing errors and optimize the starting point of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) window to minimize inter-symbol interference (ISI). The FTL may enable the wireless communication device to correct the carrier frequency offset caused by RF impairments at both the wireless communication device and the network entity, and may further enable the wireless communication device to correct the Doppler frequency shift caused by the mobility of the wireless communication device. Additionally, the wireless communication device may perform PDP estimation to compensate for the power dispersion or distribution on each path due to multipath propagation. The wireless communication device may also perform various AGC processes to control the level or gain of the received signal in order to minimize the block error rate (BLER) of the received signal.

[0088] In some examples, the wireless communication device may receive a reference signal for tracking loop updates (such as a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal block (SSB)) sent by a network entity. The SSB may be sent within a cell with a known periodicity (e.g., 20 ms). Thus, in some examples, the warm-up occasion 412 may occur at a known SSB transmission time before the wake-up time for the paging time window 410.

[0089] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of connected mode discontinuous reception (C-DRX) according to some aspects. A wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) may enter the C-DRX mode when the UE is connected to a network entity during the RRC connected mode. For example, during initial cell access, the UE may receive a system information block (e.g., SIB2) including DRX parameters for the C-DRX mode. In some examples, the UE may request the DRX cycle length during the initial attachment process.

[0090] The DRX connected mode (C-DRX) is characterized by multiple consecutive DRX cycles 502 in time (t). The duration of each DRX cycle 502 may correspond to, for example, a long DRX cycle or a short DRX cycle, depending on the C-DRX configuration. In Figure 5In the example shown, each DRX cycle 402 includes a DRX on duration 504 and a DRX off duration 506. Here, the DRX cycle length (or DRX cycle duration) is equal to the time between the start of one DRX on duration 504 and the start of the next DRX on duration 504. The DRX off duration 506 corresponds to an inactive period during which the wireless communication device does not communicate with the wireless communication network (e.g., the wireless communication device does not send any information to the wireless communication network or receive any information from the wireless communication network). Thus, during the DRX off duration 506, the wireless communication device can enter a sleep state or a low-power state for a sleep period corresponding to the DRX off duration 506 to reduce power consumption. In some examples, the DRX off duration 506 can be 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms, or 320 ms.

[0091] Upon entering the DRX on duration 504, the wireless communication device wakes up by performing a power-on operation to enter an active state. The DRX on duration 504 may include a PDCCH monitoring window 510 within which the wireless communication device monitors the transmission of the PDCCH from the network entity to the wireless communication device. If the wireless communication device receives a PDCCH 514 during the PDCCH monitoring window 510, the wireless communication device may initiate a DRX inactivity timer 516 that specifies the duration for which the wireless communication device should remain in an active state after receiving the PDCCH 514. In some examples, depending on when the PDCCH 514 is received during the PDCCH monitoring window 510, the DRX inactivity timer 516 may extend the DRX on duration 504, as Figure 5 shown. At the end of the DRX on duration 504, the wireless communication device can again enter a sleep state or a low-power state for the DRX off duration 506.

[0092] Before each PDCCH monitoring window 510 (e.g., before the subframe number (SFN) of the subframe in which the wireless communication device is configured to wake up), the wireless communication device may schedule and perform one or more tracking loop updates 508 during a warm-up opportunity 512. For example, the wireless communication device may perform a TTL update, an FTL update, a PDP estimation update, and / or an AGC update process during the warm-up opportunity 512, as described above. In some examples, the wireless communication device may receive a reference signal (such as a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal block (SSB)) sent by a network entity for tracking loop updates. The SSB may be sent within a cell with a known periodicity (e.g., 20 ms). Thus, in some examples, the warm-up opportunity 512 may occur at a known SSB transmission time before the wake-up time for the DRX-on duration 504. In some examples, the SSB transmission time may occur after the DRX-on duration 504. In this example, the UE may wake up during the warm-up opportunity after the DRX-on opportunity 504 to perform one or more updates.

[0093] A wireless communication network (such as a 4G LTE and / or 5G NR network) may further support carrier aggregation in a multi-cell transmission environment, where, for example, different network entities and / or different transmit-receive points (TRPs) may communicate on different component carriers within an overlapping cell. In some aspects, the term "component carrier" may refer to a carrier frequency utilized for communication within a cell.

[0094] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a multi-cell transmission environment 600 according to some aspects. The multi-cell transmission environment 600 includes a primary serving cell (PCell) 602 and one or more secondary serving cells (SCells) 606a, 606b, 606c, and 606d. The PCell 602 may be referred to as an anchor cell that provides a radio resource control (RRC) connection to a UE (e.g., UE 610).

[0095] When carrier aggregation is configured in the multi-cell transmission environment 600, one or more of the SCells 606a - 606d may be activated or added to the PCell 602 to form a serving cell for the UE 610. In this case, each serving cell corresponds to a component carrier (CC). The CC of the PCell 602 may be referred to as the primary CC, while the CCs of the SCells 606a - 606d may be referred to as secondary CCs.

[0096] Each of the PCell 602 and the SCell 606a - 606d can be served by a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, the PCell 602 can be served by the TRP 604, while each of the SCell 606a - 606c can be served by the corresponding TRP 608a - 608c. Each of the TRPs 604 and 608a - 608c can be a base station (e.g., an aggregated base station), a remote radio head of a gNB, a radio unit (RU) of a disaggregated RAN architecture, or other scheduling entities similar to those exemplified in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and / or Figure 4 any of those scheduling entities. In some examples, the PCell 602 and one or more of the SCell (e.g., the SCell 606d) can be co - located. For example, the TRP for the PCell 602 and the TRP for the SCell 606d can be installed at the same geographical location. Thus, in some examples, a TRP (e.g., the TRP 604) can include multiple TRPs, each corresponding to one antenna array among multiple co - located antenna arrays, and each TRP supports a different carrier (different CC). However, the coverage of the PCell 602 and the SCell 606d may be different because different component carriers may experience different path losses and thus provide different coverages.

[0097] The PCell 602 is not only responsible for connection establishment, but also for radio resource management (RRM) and radio link monitoring (RLM) of the connection with the UE 610. For example, the PCell 602 can activate one or more of the SCell (e.g., the SCell 606a) for multi - cell communication with the UE 610 to improve the reliability of the connection with the UE 610 and / or increase the data rate. In some examples, the PCell can activate the SCell 606a as needed, rather than maintaining the SCell activation when not using the SCell 606a for data transmission / reception, to reduce the power consumption of the UE 610.

[0098] In some examples, the PCell 602 may utilize a first radio access technology (RAT), while one or more SCell in SCell606 may utilize a second RAT. For example, the PCell 602 may use a first RAT associated with a first frequency range (e.g., a sub-6 GHz band or FR1), while an SCell (e.g., SCell 606d) may use a second RAT associated with a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or higher). Thus, the PCell 602 may be a low-band cell, while one or more SCell in SCell 606 may be high-band cells. Here, a low-band (LB) cell uses a CC in a band lower than that of a high-band cell. Generally speaking, a cell using an FR2 or higher CC may provide a larger bandwidth than a cell using an FR1 CC. Additionally, when using a carrier with a frequency above 6 GHz (e.g., mmWave), beamforming may be used to transmit and receive signals.

[0099] In some examples, the first RAT may be LTE, while the second RAT may be 5G-NR. In this example, the multi-cell transmission environment may be referred to as a multi-RAT dual connectivity (MR-DC) environment. An example of MR-DC is the evolved universal terrestrial radio access network - new radio dual connectivity (EN-DC) mode, which enables a UE to be simultaneously connected to an LTE base station and an NR base station to receive data packets from and transmit data packets to the LTE base station and the NR base station.

[0100] In some examples, instead of aggregating multiple carriers, the UE may be configured with both an uplink carrier and a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier. The SUL carrier may be at a lower frequency, for example, to provide a higher data rate with lower path loss.

[0101] In NR, a hybrid carrier aggregation (CA) configuration is utilized, where the primary component carrier (PCC) of the PCell and the secondary component carrier (SCC) of the SCell belong to different RATs associated with different frequency ranges (e.g., FR1 and FR2). Each RAT in the RATs (e.g., each of the PCell and the SCell) may achieve different wake-up timings when the UE is in the DRX mode. As described above, the UE may wake up during a warm-up opportunity (e.g., an SSB opportunity) before or after the CDRX on-duration to perform TTL / FTL updates to ensure good device performance. For example, the UE may wake up at least 5 ms to 20 ms before the on-duration to ensure that the TTL / FTL drift is minimized during data activity.

[0102] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of hybrid CA DRX wake-up and warm-up according to some aspects. InFigure 7 In the example shown, a C-DRX mode is illustrated, which is characterized by a plurality of consecutive DRX cycles 702 in time (t). The duration of each DRX cycle 702 may correspond, for example, to a long DRX cycle or a short DRX cycle, depending on the C-DRX configuration. In Figure 7 In the example shown, each DRX cycle 702 includes a DRX on-duration 704 and a DRX off-duration 706. Here, the DRX cycle length (or DRX cycle duration) is equal to the time between the start of one DRX on-duration 704 and the start of the next DRX on-duration 704. The DRX off-duration 706 corresponds to an inactive period during which the UE does not communicate with the radio communication network (e.g., the UE does not send any information to the radio communication network or receive any information from the radio communication network). Thus, during the DRX off-duration 706, the UE may enter a sleep state or a low-power state for a sleep period corresponding to the DRX off-duration 706 to reduce power consumption. In some examples, the DRX off-duration 706 may be 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms, or 320 ms.

[0103] In Figure 7 In the example shown, the UE communicates with a first cell (e.g., a PCell) using a first RAT associated with a frequency range (e.g., FR1) and communicates with a second cell (e.g., an SCell) using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range (e.g., FR2) in a mixed CA mode. Before one or more of the DRX on-durations 704 in the DRX on-duration 704, the UE may schedule and perform one or more tracking loop updates for each RAT (e.g., for FR1 and FR2) during corresponding warm-up opportunities 708a and 708b. For example, the wireless communication device may perform TTL updates, FTL updates, PDP estimation updates, and / or AGC update processes during the warm-up opportunities 708a and 708b, as described above. In some examples, the wireless communication device may receive a reference signal (such as a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal block (SSB)) sent by a network entity for tracking loop updates. The SSB may be sent in a cell with a known periodicity (e.g., 20 ms). Thus, in some examples, the warm-up opportunities 708a and 708b may occur at the known SSB transmission times before the wake-up time for the DRX on-duration 704. In some examples, the SSB transmission time may occur after the DRX on-duration 704. In this example, the UE may wake up during the warm-up opportunity after the DRX on-duration 704 to perform one or more updates.

[0104] In some examples, the warm-up timings 708a and 708b for performing tracking loop updates may differ between FR1 and FR2 based on, for example, the periodicity of SSB transmissions in each RAT in the RAT or other suitable factors. Thus, each RAT may have a corresponding different wake-up periodicity to perform tracking loop updates. For example, as Figure 7 shown, the FR2 warm-up 708b may occur once every two DRX cycles 710a (e.g., FR2 has a wake-up periodicity of two DRX cycles), while the FR1 warm-up 708a may occur once every three DRX cycles. Thus, as Figure 7 shown, the UE may perform the warm-up 708b for FR2 in every second, fourth, sixth, etc. DRX cycles, and perform the warm-up 708a for FR1 in every third, sixth, ninth, etc. DRX cycles. Based on this configuration, the UE may perform the warm-up 708a or 708b in seven out of ten DRX cycles 702 (7 / 10). Each time the UE performs a warm-up, the UE consumes a large amount of power for beamforming (to receive SSB beams in FR1 and FR2) and for completing the tracking loop update. Due to the different warm-up timings 708a and 708b for FR1 (below 6 GHz) and FR2 (millimeter wave), the UE may wake up almost twice as frequently to perform warm-up in the mixed CA scenario compared to the non-hybrid CA scenario, which increases the power consumption of the UE.

[0105] The UE may be able to perform simultaneous warm-up 708a / 708b in both FR1 and FR2 (e.g., as shown before the first DRX cycle in Figure 7 ). However, due to the different periodicities of the FR1 and FR2 warm-up 708a / 708b, even if the UE is scheduled for the warm-up 708b on another RAT (e.g., FR2) in a particular DRX cycle 702, the UE may have to wait to perform the warm-up 708a for one of the RATs (e.g., FR1), which may result in power waste at the UE due to multiple warm-up timings.

[0106] Accordingly, various aspects relate to techniques for modifying the warm-up timings for one or both RATs (e.g., FR1 and / or FR2) to provide a joint warm-up timing for both FR1 and FR2 during the same DRX cycle. By performing joint warm-up for FR1 and FR2 in the same DRX cycle instead of performing warm-up for FR1 and FR2 in different DRX cycles, the power consumption of the UE can be reduced, thereby improving battery life.

[0107] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of reduced warm-up timings in a DRX mode for a mixed CA scenario. InFigure 8 In the example shown, the C-DRX mode is illustrated again, which is characterized by a plurality of consecutive DRX cycles 802 in time (t). The duration of each DRX cycle 802 may correspond, for example, to a long DRX cycle or a short DRX cycle, depending on the C-DRX configuration. In Figure 8 the example shown, each DRX cycle 802 includes a DRX on-duration 804 and a DRX off-duration 806. Here, the DRX cycle length (or DRX cycle duration) is equal to the time between the start of one DRX on-duration 804 and the start of the next DRX on-duration 804. The DRX off-duration 806 corresponds to an inactive period during which the UE does not communicate with the radio communication network (e.g., the UE does not send any information to the radio communication network or receive any information from the radio communication network). Therefore, during the DRX off-duration 806, the UE can enter a sleep state or a low-power state for a sleep period corresponding to the DRX off-duration 806 to reduce power consumption. In some examples, the DRX off-duration 806 may be 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms, or 320 ms.

[0108] In Figure 8 the example shown, the UE uses a first RAT associated with a frequency range (e.g., FR1) to communicate with a first cell (e.g., PCell), and uses a second RAT associated with a second frequency range (e.g., FR2) to communicate with a second cell (e.g., SCell), again in a mixed CA mode. Each RAT may have a corresponding wake-up periodicity associated therewith to perform a tracking area update when the UE is in the DRX mode, e.g., as Figure 7 shown.

[0109] In some aspects, as Figure 8 shown, when it is detected that the UE is operating in a mixed CA mode, the UE may be configured to derive a common (joint) wake-up periodicity 810 to perform corresponding warm-up 708a and 708b for each RAT (e.g., FR1 and FR2) during the same DRX cycle (e.g., substantially simultaneously immediately before or after the DRX on-duration 704 of the DRX cycle). For example, the UE may identify a first wake-up periodicity of the first RAT (e.g., FR1) and a second wake-up periodicity of the second RAT (e.g., FR2), similar to Figure 7The wake-up periodicities 710a, 710b shown in [figure]. The UE can then identify a combined wake-up periodicity 810 for both the first RAT and the second RAT. The UE can then perform combined warm-up 808a / 808b for the RATs (e.g., FR1 and FR2) based on the combined wake-up periodicity 810. Each combined warm-up 808a / 808b can occur during the same DRX cycle 802. For example, as Figure 8 shown, the combined wake-up periodicity is three DRX cycles. Thus, the combined warm-up opportunities 808a / 808b can occur before every third, sixth, ninth, etc. DRX cycle.

[0110] The combined wake-up periodicity 810 can correspond to any value between, for example, a first wake-up periodicity of a first RAT (e.g., FR1) and a second wake-up periodicity of a second RAT (e.g., FR2). For example, the combined wake-up periodicity can be between [FR1_WU, FR2_WU]. In some examples, the combined wake-up periodicity 810 can correspond to the average of a first wake-up periodicity of a first RAT (e.g., FR1) and a second wake-up periodicity of a second RAT (e.g., FR2). For example, the combined wake-up periodicity can be calculated as: (FR1_WU + FR2_WU) / 2. In other examples, the combined wake-up periodicity 810 can correspond to the maximum wake-up periodicity (e.g., max(FR1_WU, FR2_WU)) or the minimum wake-up periodicity (e.g., min(FR1_WU, FR2_WU)).

[0111] In some examples, the combined wake-up periodicity 810 can be dynamically modified (e.g., changed) based on, for example, the channel conditions of at least one of FR1 and FR2. For example, if the FR2 channel conditions degrade (e.g., the signal strength of FR2 weakens or drops below a threshold), the combined wake-up periodicity 810 can be reduced and made closer to the FR2 wake-up periodicity, and vice versa. In this example, the combined wake-up periodicity 810 can be reduced from three DRX cycles to two DRX cycles. As another example, if the channel conditions of both FR1 and FR2 are good (e.g., above a threshold), the combined wake-up periodicity 810 can be set to the maximum combined periodicity (e.g., three DRX cycles). In this example, compared to Figure 7 before, the number of warm-up opportunities can be reduced to four out of ten DRX cycles (4 / 10). As yet another example, if the UE is in an intermediate or cell-edge state for one of FR1 or FR2, the combined wake-up periodicity 810 can be set to the minimum combined periodicity (e.g., two DRX cycles). In this example, compared to Figure 7In contrast, the number of warm-up opportunities can be reduced to five DRX cycles out of ten DRX cycles (5 / 10). By reducing the number of warm-up opportunities and providing combined warm-up opportunities, the UE can not only reduce power but also improve UE performance.

[0112] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of reduced warm-up opportunities in a DRX mode for a hybrid CA scenario. In Figure 9 the example shown, the C-DRX mode is illustrated again, which is characterized by a plurality of consecutive DRX cycles 902 in time (t). The duration of each DRX cycle 902 can correspond, for example, to a long DRX cycle or a short DRX cycle, depending on the C-DRX configuration. In Figure 9 the example shown, each DRX cycle 902 includes a DRX on duration 904 and a DRX off duration 906. Here, the DRX cycle length (or DRX cycle duration) is equal to the time between the start of one DRX on duration 904 and the start of the next DRX on duration 904. The DRX off duration 906 corresponds to an inactive period during which the UE does not communicate with the wireless communication network (e.g., the UE does not send any information to the wireless communication network or receive any information from the wireless communication network). Thus, during the DRX off duration 906, the UE can enter a sleep state or a low-power state for a sleep period corresponding to the DRX off duration 906 to reduce power consumption. In some examples, the DRX off duration 906 can be 40 ms, 90 ms, 160 ms, or 320 ms.

[0113] In Figure 9 the example shown, the UE uses a first RAT associated with a frequency range (e.g., FR1) to communicate with a first cell (e.g., PCell), and uses a second RAT associated with a second frequency range (e.g., FR2) to communicate with a second cell (e.g., SCell), again in a hybrid CA mode. Each RAT can have a corresponding wake-up periodicity associated therewith to perform a tracking area update when the UE is in the DRX mode, e.g., as Figure 7 shown.

[0114] In some aspects, as Figure 9 shown, the UE can detect that the UE is scheduled to perform warm-up (e.g., warm-up 908a or 908b) for only one of the RATs (e.g., FR1 or FR2) during a DRX cycle. For example, in Figure 9Before the third DRX cycle 902 shown, the UE can detect that the UE is scheduled to perform warm-up 908b only for FR2. Before the warm-up opportunity 908b for FR2 before the third DRX cycle, the UE can perform an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators (KPIs) related to FR1. For example, the UE can evaluate various channel conditions (such as reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), time drift, frequency drift, beam rotation, sensor input (e.g., indicating that the UE is moving), or other suitable KPIs). This evaluation can be based on, for example, measurements obtained during the previous DRX on duration.

[0115] Based on this evaluation, the UE can be configured to modify the next warm-up opportunity 908a for FR1 to occur within the same DRX cycle as the current warm-up opportunity 908b for FR2 (e.g., before the third DRX cycle). Thus, the UE can modify the wake-up periodicity of FR1 to be equal to the wake-up periodicity of FR2 (e.g., wake-up periodicity 910a) to provide a joint warm-up opportunity 908a / 908b for both the first RAT (e.g., FR1) and the second RAT (e.g., FR2) based on the KPI evaluation related to the first RAT.

[0116] The UE can also skip one or more of the next scheduled warm-up opportunities 908a for FR1 within the next K DRX cycles based on the wake-up periodicity 910b of FR1, as Figure 9 can be seen. Here, K is equal to the wake-up periodicity for FR1 (FR1_WU). Thus, the UE can skip any warm-up opportunity 908a scheduled for FR1 during the next K DRX cycles equal to the wake-up periodicity 908a of FR1. It should be noted that if the UE is to modify the wake-up periodicity based on an evaluation of the wake-up periodicity of FR2 to match the wake-up periodicity of FR1, then K will be equal to the wake-up periodicity of FR2 (FR2_WU). In the Figure 9 example shown, compared to Figure 7 the number of warm-up opportunities can be reduced to five DRX cycles out of ten DRX cycles (5 / 10). By modifying the warm-up opportunity of one RAT in the RATs to provide a joint warm-up opportunity 908a / 908b for both RATs and skipping the next scheduled warm-up opportunity for the modified RAT, the UE can not only save power but also improve UE performance (e.g., by performing early warm-up on FR1).

[0117] Figure 10is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an exemplary UE 1000 that employs a processing system 1014. For example, UE 1000 may be a UE or any one or more of other scheduled entities exemplified in any one or more of Figure 1 , Figure 2 and / or Figure 6 .

[0118] UE 1000 may be implemented using a processing system 1014 that includes one or more processors 1004. Examples of processors 1004 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic components, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, UE 1000 may be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 1004 utilized in UE 1000 may be used to implement any one or more of the processes described below in conjunction with Figure 10 .

[0119] In some instances, the processor 1004 may be implemented via a baseband or modem chip, while in other implementations, the processor 1004 itself may include several devices that are different and distinct from the baseband or modem chip (e.g., such as may work together to achieve the examples discussed herein). And as mentioned above, various hardware arrangements and components other than the baseband modem processor may be used in implementations, including RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.

[0120] In this example, the processing system 1014 can be implemented using a bus architecture, typically represented by a bus 1002. The bus 1002 can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the processing system 1014 and overall design constraints. The bus 1002 communicatively couples together various circuits including one or more processors (typically represented by a processor 1004), a memory 1005, and a computer-readable medium (typically represented by a computer-readable medium 1006). The bus 1002 can also link various other circuits such as a timing source, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and will not be described further. A bus interface 1008 provides an interface between the bus 1002 and a transceiver 1010. The transceiver 1010 provides components for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium (e.g., an air interface). Depending on the nature of the UE 1000 (e.g., an IoT device, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) device, an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) device, a reduced-capability device, etc.), an optional user interface 1012 (e.g., a keypad, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a joystick) may also be provided, and the user interface is connected to the bus 1002 via the bus interface 1008.

[0121] The computer-readable medium 1006 can be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Non-transitory computer-readable media include, for example, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs)), smart cards, flash memory devices (e.g., cards, sticks, or key drives), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, removable disks, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 1006 can reside within the processing system 1014, be external to the processing system 1014, or be distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 1014. The computer-readable medium 1006 can be embodied as a computer program product. For example, the computer program product can include the computer-readable medium in a package material. In some examples, the computer-readable medium 1006 can be part of the memory 1005. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure, depending on the particular application and overall design constraints imposed on the overall system. In some examples, the computer-readable medium 1006 can be implemented on a manufactured article, which can also include one or more other elements or circuits such as the processor 1004 and / or the memory 1005.

[0122] A computer-readable medium 1006 may store computer-executable code (e.g., software). Software should be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, processes / processors, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0123] One or more processors, such as processor 1004, may be responsible for managing bus 1002 and general processing, including executing software (e.g., instructions or computer-executable code) stored on computer-readable medium 1006. The software, when executed by processor 1004, causes processing system 1014 to perform the various processes and functions described herein for any particular device. Computer-readable medium 1006 and / or memory 1005 may also be used to store data that may be manipulated by processor 1004 when executing the software. For example, memory 1005 may store one or more of the respective RAT wake-up periodicities 1022 in a mixed CA scenario involving different frequency ranges (e.g., FR1 and FR2), and the combined RAT wake-up periodicity 1022 used by processor 1004 when the UE operates in a DRX mode (e.g., C-DRX mode).

[0124] In some aspects of the present disclosure, processor 1004 may include circuitry configured for various functions. For example, processor 1004 may include communication and processing circuitry 1042 configured to communicate with network entities (e.g., an aggregated or disaggregated base station, such as a gNB or eNB, or one or more TRPs (e.g., cells)). In some examples, communication and processing circuitry 1042 may include one or more hardware components that provide a physical structure that performs processes related to wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission) and signal processing (e.g., processing received signals and / or processing signals for transmission). For example, communication and processing circuitry 1042 may include one or more transmit / receive chains.

[0125] In some specific implementations where communication involves receiving information, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can obtain information from components of the UE 1000 (e.g., from the transceiver 1010 that receives information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium), process (e.g., decode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can output the information to another component of the processor 1004, to the memory 1005, or to the bus interface 1008. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can receive one or more of signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can receive information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can include functionality for components used for receiving. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can include functionality for components used for processing, which includes components for demodulation, components for decoding, etc.

[0126] In some specific implementations where communication involves transmitting (e.g., sending) information, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can obtain information (e.g., from another component of the processor 1004, the memory 1005, or the bus interface 1008), process (e.g., modulate, encode, etc.) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can output the information to the transceiver 1010 (e.g., the transceiver that sends information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium). In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can transmit one or more of signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can transmit information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can include functionality for components used for transmitting (e.g., components for sending). In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 can include functionality for components used for generating, which includes components for modulation, components for encoding, etc.

[0127] In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 may be configured to communicate with a first cell using a first RAT associated with a first FR (e.g., FR1) in a DRX mode (e.g., C-DRX mode), and communicate with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second FR (e.g., FR2). The communication and processing circuitry 1042 may be further configured to receive and process at least one reference signal (e.g., SSB) from a base station during, for example, a tracking loop update procedure. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1042 may be configured to receive at least one first SSB in a first FR (e.g., FR1) from the first cell and at least one second SSB in a second FR (e.g., FR2) from the second cell during a joint warm-up occasion. The communication and processing circuitry 1042 may be further configured to execute communication and processing instructions (software) 1052 stored in the computer-readable medium 1006 to implement one or more of the functions described herein.

[0128] The processor 1004 may further include a DRX circuit 1044 configured to implement an I-DRX mode or a C-DRX mode on the UE 1000. In the C-DRX mode, the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to determine a DRX cycle including a DRX-on duration and a DRX-off duration. For example, the DRX cycle may be determined based on DRX parameters received from a network entity. When entering the DRX-on duration at a system time corresponding to the start of the DRX-on duration, the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to wake up the UE 1000 to enter an active state (e.g., awake state). For example, the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to control the power supply 1030 to perform a power-on operation of one or more components of the UE 1000 (such as the transceiver 1010) so as to enable monitoring and receiving of PDCCH during the DRX-on duration. At the end of the DRX-on duration at a system time corresponding to the start of the DRX-off duration, the DRX circuit 1044 may be further configured to control the power supply 1030 to perform a power-off operation of one or more components of the UE 1000 to enter a sleep state.

[0129] Additionally, based on the wake-up periodicity for performing tracking loop updates (e.g., corresponding to the SSB periodicity), the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to identify warm-up opportunities before or after entering the DRX-on duration for performing tracking loop updates. During the warm-up opportunity, the DRX circuit 1044 may be further configured to control the power supply 1030 to perform power-on operations of one or more components of the UE 1000, such as the transceiver 1010, so as to enable monitoring and receiving of reference signals (such as SSB). Additionally, the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to perform one or more tracking loop updates (e.g., TTL and / or FTL) during the warm-up opportunity.

[0130] In a mixed CA scenario involving multiple RATs, each RAT is associated with a corresponding FR (e.g., FR1 and FR2), the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to identify the corresponding wake-up periodicity 1020 for each RAT among the RATs, and further identify the corresponding wake-up opportunity for each RAT among the RATs based on the corresponding wake-up periodicity. The DRX circuit 1044 may be further configured to identify one or more joint warm-up opportunities for both the first RAT and the second RAT. For example, the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to identify a joint wake-up periodicity 1022 for both the first RAT and the second RAT, and further identify one or more joint warm-up opportunities based on the joint wake-up periodicity 1022. As another example, the DRX circuit 1044 may be configured to identify the joint warm-up opportunity based on a modification to at least one of the first warm-up opportunity associated with the first RAT and the second warm-up opportunity associated with the second RAT. The DRX circuit 1044 may be further configured to perform corresponding TTL updates and corresponding FTL updates for each of the first RAT and the second RAT based on the corresponding SSBs (e.g., the first SSB and the second SSB) received in each FR (e.g., FR1 and FR2) during the joint warm-up opportunity. The DRX circuit 1044 may be further configured to execute DRX instructions (software) 1054 stored in the computer-readable medium 1006 to implement one or more of the functions described herein.

[0131] The processor 1004 may further include a warm-up opportunity modification circuit 1046 configured to identify a first warm-up opportunity for a first RAT and a second warm-up opportunity for a second RAT in the DRX mode. Here, the second warm-up opportunity occurs in a DRX cycle different from the first warm-up opportunity. The warm-up opportunity modification circuit 1046 may be further configured to modify at least one of the first warm-up opportunity or the second warm-up opportunity to provide a joint warm-up opportunity for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

[0132] In some examples, the warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may be configured to identify a first wake-up periodicity 1020 for a first RAT and a second wake-up periodicity 1020 for a second RAT. The warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may be further configured to identify a combined wake-up periodicity 1022 for both the first RAT and the second RAT. The combined wake-up periodicity 1022 may be between the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. In this example, the combined warm-up timing may be one of the multiple warm-up timings defined by the combined wake-up periodicity.

[0133] In some examples, the warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may select the combined wake-up periodicity 1022 as the average of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. In other examples, the warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may select the combined wake-up periodicity 1022 as the maximum of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. In still other examples, the warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may select the combined wake-up periodicity 1022 as the minimum of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. The warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may be further configured to dynamically modify the combined wake-up periodicity based on the channel condition of at least one of the first RAT or the second RAT.

[0134] In some examples, the warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may be configured to perform an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators (KPIs) related to the second RAT before a first warm-up timing. The KPIs may include, for example, channel conditions (such as RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, or time / frequency drift, or other suitable KPIs, such as beam rotation or sensor input from the UE 1000 that may indicate whether the UE is moving). The warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may be further configured to modify the second warm-up timing to occur within the same DRX cycle as the first warm-up timing based on the evaluation to provide a combined warm-up timing. Additionally, the warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may be configured to skip one or more next warm-up timings for the second RAT that are scheduled to occur within one or more next DRX cycles after the same DRX cycle based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT. The warm-up timing modification circuit 1046 may also be configured to execute warm-up timing modification instructions (software) 1056 stored in the computer-readable medium 1006 to implement one or more of the functions described herein.

[0135] Figure 11is a flowchart of an exemplary method 1100 for modifying DRX pre - warm timing in a mixed carrier aggregation scenario. As described below, in certain specific implementations within the scope of the present disclosure, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted, and some of the illustrated features may not be required for all specific implementations of the examples. In some examples, the method may be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., UE) 1000 as described above and illustrated in Figure 10 or by a processor or processing system or by any suitable component for performing the described functions.

[0136] At block 1102, the UE may communicate with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicate with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. In some examples, the DRX mode may be a C - DRX mode. For example, as described above in connection with Figure 10 the communication and processing circuitry 1042 shown and described together with the DRX circuitry 1044 and transceiver 1010 may provide components for communicating with the first cell and the second cell.

[0137] At block 1104, the UE may identify a first pre - warm opportunity for the first RAT and a second pre - warm opportunity for the second RAT in the DRX mode, where the second pre - warm opportunity occurs in a DRX cycle different from the first pre - warm opportunity. In some examples, the UE may identify a first wake - up periodicity for the first RAT and a second wake - up periodicity for the second RAT. For example, as described above in connection with Figure 10 the DRX circuitry 1044 shown and described together with the pre - warm opportunity modification circuitry 1046 may provide components for identifying the first pre - warm opportunity and the second pre - warm opportunity.

[0138] At block 1106, the UE may modify at least one of the first pre - warm opportunity or the second pre - warm opportunity to provide a joint pre - warm opportunity for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle. In some examples, the UE may identify a joint wake - up periodicity for both the first RAT and the second RAT. The joint wake - up periodicity may be between the first wake - up periodicity and the second wake - up periodicity. Here, the joint pre - warm opportunity may be one of the pre - warm opportunities defined by the joint wake - up periodicity. In some examples, the joint wake - up periodicity is the average of the first wake - up periodicity and the second wake - up periodicity. In some examples, the joint wake - up periodicity is the maximum of the first wake - up periodicity and the second wake - up periodicity. In some examples, the joint wake - up periodicity is the minimum of the first wake - up periodicity and the second wake - up periodicity. In some examples, the UE may further modify the joint wake - up periodicity based on the channel conditions of at least one of the first RAT or the second RAT.

[0139] In some examples, before the first warm-up occasion, the UE may perform an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators related to the second RAT. The UE may further modify the second warm-up occasion to occur within the same DRX cycle as the first warm-up occasion based on the evaluation to provide a joint warm-up occasion. Additionally, the UE may skip one or more next warm-up occasions for the second RAT scheduled to occur within one or more next DRX cycles after the same DRX cycle based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT. For example, the warm-up occasion modification circuit 1046 shown and described above in connection with Figure 10 may provide components for providing a joint warm-up occasion.

[0140] Figure 12 is a flowchart of an exemplary method 1200 for performing tracking loop updates using modified DRX warm-up timings in a hybrid carrier aggregation scenario. As described below, in specific embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted, and some of the illustrated features may not be required for all embodiments of the examples. In some examples, the method may be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., UE) 1000 as described above and illustrated in Figure 10 , by a processor or processing system, or by any suitable component for performing the described functions.

[0141] At block 1202, the UE may communicate with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode and communicate with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range. In some examples, the DRX mode may be a C-DRX mode. For example, the communication and processing circuit 1042 shown and described above in connection with Figure 10 together with the DRX circuit 1044 and the transceiver 1010 may provide components for communicating with the first cell and the second cell.

[0142] At block 1204, the UE may identify a first warm-up occasion for the first RAT and a second warm-up occasion for the second RAT in the DRX mode, where the second warm-up occasion occurs in a different DRX cycle than the first warm-up occasion. In some examples, the UE may identify a first wake-up periodicity for the first RAT and a second wake-up periodicity for the second RAT. For example, the DRX circuit 1044 shown and described above in connection with Figure 10 together with the warm-up occasion modification circuit 1046 may provide components for identifying the first warm-up occasion and the second warm-up occasion.

[0143] At block 1206, the UE may modify at least one of the first warm-up opportunity or the second warm-up opportunity to provide a joint warm-up opportunity for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle. In some examples, the UE may identify a joint wake-up periodicity for both the first RAT and the second RAT. The joint wake-up periodicity may be between the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. Here, the joint warm-up opportunity may be one of a plurality of warm-up opportunities defined by the joint wake-up periodicity. In some examples, the joint wake-up periodicity is the average of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. In some examples, the joint wake-up periodicity is the maximum of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. In some examples, the joint wake-up periodicity is the minimum of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity. In some examples, the UE may further modify the joint wake-up periodicity based on the channel conditions of at least one of the first RAT or the second RAT.

[0144] In some examples, before the first warm-up opportunity, the UE may perform an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators related to the second RAT. The UE may further modify the second warm-up opportunity to occur within the same DRX cycle as the first warm-up opportunity based on the evaluation to provide a joint warm-up opportunity. Additionally, the UE may skip one or more next warm-up opportunities for the second RAT scheduled to occur within one or more next DRX cycles after the same DRX cycle based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT. For example, the warm-up opportunity modification circuit 1046 shown and described above in Figure 10 may provide components for providing a joint warm-up opportunity.

[0145] At block 1208, during the joint warm-up opportunity, the UE may receive at least one first synchronization signal block (SSB) in a first frequency range from a first cell and at least one second SSB in a second frequency range from a second cell. For example, the communication and processing circuit 1042 shown and described above in Figure 10 together with the DRX circuit 1044 and the transceiver 1010 may provide components for receiving the first SSB and the second SSB.

[0146] At block 1210, during the joint warm-up opportunity, the UE may perform a corresponding time tracking loop (TTL) update and a corresponding frequency tracking loop (FTL) update for each of the first RAT and the second RAT based on at least one first SSB and at least one second SSB. For example, the DRX circuit 1044 shown and described above in Figure 10 may provide components for performing the corresponding tracking loops during the joint warm-up opportunity.

[0147] In one configuration, UE 1000 includes components for communicating with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicating with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; components for identifying a first wake-up timing for the first RAT and a second wake-up timing for the second RAT in the DRX mode, the second wake-up timing occurring in a DRX cycle different from the first wake-up timing; and components for modifying at least one of the first wake-up timing or the second wake-up timing to provide a joint wake-up timing for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle. In one aspect, the foregoing components may be Figure 10 the processor 1004 configured to perform the functions recited by the foregoing components. In another aspect, the foregoing components may be a circuit or any device configured to perform the functions recited by the foregoing components.

[0148] Of course, in the above example, the circuits included in the processor 1004 are provided merely as an example, and other components for performing the described functions may be included in various aspects of the present disclosure, including but not limited to instructions stored in a computer-readable medium 1006, or any other suitable device or component described in and utilizing, for example, the processes and / or algorithms described herein with respect to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and / or Figure 6 and described in any one of Figure 11 and / or Figure 12 .

[0149] An overview of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided below.

[0150] Embodiment 1: A method for wireless communication at a user equipment, the method comprising: communicating with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicating with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; identifying a first wake-up timing for the first RAT and a second wake-up timing for the second RAT in the DRX mode, the second wake-up timing occurring in a DRX cycle different from the first wake-up timing; and modifying at least one of the first wake-up timing or the second wake-up timing to provide a joint wake-up timing for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

[0151] Embodiment 2: The method according to Embodiment 1 further includes: identifying a first wake-up periodicity for the first RAT and a second wake-up periodicity for the second RAT; and identifying a combined wake-up periodicity for both the first RAT and the second RAT, the combined wake-up periodicity being between the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity, and the combined warm-up opportunity being one of a plurality of warm-up opportunities defined by the combined wake-up periodicity.

[0152] Embodiment 3: The method according to Embodiment 2, wherein the combined wake-up periodicity is an average of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

[0153] Embodiment 4: The method according to Embodiment 2, wherein the combined wake-up periodicity includes a maximum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

[0154] Embodiment 5: The method according to Embodiment 2, wherein the combined wake-up periodicity includes a minimum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

[0155] Embodiment 6: The method according to any one of Embodiments 2 to 5 further includes: modifying the combined wake-up periodicity based on a channel condition of at least one of the first RAT or the second RAT.

[0156] Embodiment 7: The method according to Embodiment 1, wherein modifying at least one of the first warm-up opportunity or the second warm-up opportunity to provide the combined warm-up opportunity further includes: before the first warm-up opportunity, performing an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators related to the second RAT; and based on the evaluation, modifying the second warm-up opportunity to occur within the same DRX cycle as the first warm-up opportunity to provide the combined warm-up opportunity.

[0157] Embodiment 8: The method according to Embodiment 7 further includes: skipping one or more next warm-up opportunities for the second RAT scheduled to occur within one or more next DRX cycles after the same DRX cycle based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT.

[0158] Embodiment 9: The method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the DRX mode is a connected DRX (C-DRX) mode.

[0159] Example 10: The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 9 further includes: during the joint warm-up opportunity, receiving at least one first synchronization signal block (SSB) in the first frequency range from the first cell and receiving at least one second SSB in the second frequency range from the second cell; and performing corresponding time tracking loop (TTL) updates and corresponding frequency tracking loop (FTL) updates for each of the first RAT and the second RAT based on the at least one first SSB and the at least one second SSB during the joint warm-up opportunity.

[0160] Example 11: A user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communication includes a wireless transceiver; a memory; and a processor, the processor being coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory, the processor being configured to execute the method according to any one of Examples 1 to 10.

[0161] Example 12: A user equipment (UE) includes at least one component for performing the method according to any one of Examples 1 to 10.

[0162] Example 13: A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions that can be executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) to execute the method according to any one of Examples 1 to 10.

[0163] Certain aspects of a wireless communication network have been presented with reference to exemplary embodiments. As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the various aspects described throughout this disclosure can be extended to other telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards.

[0164] By way of example, the various aspects can be implemented within other systems defined by 3GPP, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Packet System (EPS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and / or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The various aspects can also be extended to systems defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), such as CDMA2000 and / or Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO). Other examples can be implemented within systems employing IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Bluetooth, and / or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunication standards, network architecture, and / or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.

[0165] Within the present disclosure, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration". Any specific implementation or aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as superior or superior to other aspects of the present disclosure. Likewise, the term "aspect" does not require that all aspects of the present disclosure include the discussed features, advantages, or modes of operation. The term "coupled" is used herein to refer to a direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically contacts object B, and object B contacts object C, objects A and C may still be considered to be coupled to each other, even if they are not in direct physical contact with each other. For example, a first object may be coupled to a second object, even if the first object has never been in direct physical contact with the second object. The terms "circuit" are used in a broad sense, and they are intended to include both hardware implementations of electronic devices and conductors (where these electronic devices and conductors, when connected and configured, implement the execution of the functions described in the present disclosure, without limitation on the type of electronic circuits) and software implementations of information and instructions (where these information and instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the execution of the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0166] Figures 1 to 12 One or more of the components, steps, features, and / or functions illustrated in the present invention may be rearranged and / or combined into a single component, step, feature, or function or may be embodied in several components, steps, or functions. Additional elements, components, steps, and / or functions may also be added without departing from the novel features disclosed herein. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 The apparatus, device and / or components illustrated in the can be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein can also be effectively implemented in software and / or embedded in hardware.

[0167] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed methods is an illustration of an exemplary process. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in these methods can be rearranged based on design preferences. The attached method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically stated herein.

[0168] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein the reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" but rather "one or more" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "some" refers to one or more unless specifically stated otherwise. The phrase referring to "at least one" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including a single member. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b, and c. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later become known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communication, comprising: A wireless transceiver; A memory; And A processor coupled to the wireless transceiver and the memory, the processor being configured to: Communicate with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicate with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; Identify a first warm-up occasion for the first RAT and a second warm-up occasion for the second RAT in the DRX mode, the second warm-up occasion occurring in a DRX cycle different from the first warm-up occasion; And Modify at least one of the first warm-up occasion or the second warm-up occasion to provide a joint warm-up occasion for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: Identify a first wake-up periodicity for the first RAT and a second wake-up periodicity for the second RAT; and Identify a joint wake-up periodicity for both the first RAT and the second RAT, the joint wake-up periodicity being between the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity, the joint warm-up occasion being one of a plurality of warm-up occasions defined by the joint wake-up periodicity.

3. The UE according to claim 2, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity is an average of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

4. The UE according to claim 2, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity includes a maximum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

5. The UE according to claim 2, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity includes a minimum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

6. The UE according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to: Modify the joint wake-up periodicity based on a channel condition of at least one of the first RAT or the second RAT.

7. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: Before the first warm-up occasion, perform an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators related to the second RAT; and Based on the evaluation, modify the second warm-up occasion to occur within the same DRX cycle as the first warm-up occasion to provide the joint warm-up occasion.

8. The UE according to claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to: Skip one or more next warm-up occasions for the second RAT scheduled to occur within one or more next DRX cycles after the same DRX cycle based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT.

9. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the DRX mode is a connected DRX (C-DRX) mode.

10. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: During the joint warm-up occasion, receive at least one first synchronization signal block (SSB) in the first frequency range from the first cell, and receive at least one second SSB in the second frequency range from the second cell; and During the joint warm-up occasion, perform a corresponding time tracking loop (TTL) update and a corresponding frequency tracking loop (FTL) update for each of the first RAT and the second RAT based on the at least one first SSB and the at least one second SSB.

11. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Communicate with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicate with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; Identify a first warm-up occasion for the first RAT and a second warm-up occasion for the second RAT in the DRX mode, the second warm-up occasion occurring in a DRX cycle different from the first warm-up occasion; And Modify at least one of the first warm-up occasion or the second warm-up occasion to provide a joint warm-up occasion for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: Identify a first wake-up periodicity for the first RAT and a second wake-up periodicity for the second RAT; And Identify a joint wake-up periodicity for both the first RAT and the second RAT, the joint wake-up periodicity being between the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity, and the joint warm-up occasion being one of a plurality of warm-up occasions defined by the joint wake-up periodicity.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity is an average of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity includes a maximum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity includes a minimum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

16. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: Modify the joint wake-up periodicity based on a channel condition of at least one of the first RAT or the second RAT.

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein modifying at least one of the first warm-up occasion or the second warm-up occasion to provide the joint warm-up occasion further comprises: Before the first warm-up occasion, perform an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators related to the second RAT; And Based on the evaluation, modify the second warm-up occasion to occur within the same DRX cycle as the first warm-up occasion to provide the joint warm-up occasion.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: Skip one or more next warm-up opportunities for the second RAT that are scheduled to occur within one or more next DRX cycles after the same DRX cycle, based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT.

19. The method according to claim 11, wherein the DRX mode is a connected DRX (C-DRX) mode.

20. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: During the joint warm-up opportunity, receive at least one first synchronization signal block (SSB) in the first frequency range from the first cell and receive at least one second SSB in the second frequency range from the second cell; And During the joint warm-up opportunity, perform corresponding time tracking loop (TTL) updates and corresponding frequency tracking loop (FTL) updates for each of the first RAT and the second RAT based on the at least one first SSB and the at least one second SSB.

21. A user equipment (UE) comprising: Components for communicating with a first cell using a first radio access technology (RAT) associated with a first frequency range and communicating with a second cell using a second RAT associated with a second frequency range in a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode; Components for identifying a first warm-up opportunity for the first RAT and a second warm-up opportunity for the second RAT in the DRX mode, the second warm-up opportunity occurring in a DRX cycle different from the first warm-up opportunity; And Components for modifying at least one of the first warm-up opportunity or the second warm-up opportunity to provide a joint warm-up opportunity for both the first RAT and the second RAT during the same DRX cycle.

22. The UE according to claim 21, further comprising: Components for identifying a first wake-up periodicity for the first RAT and a second wake-up periodicity for the second RAT; And Components for identifying a joint wake-up periodicity for both the first RAT and the second RAT, the joint wake-up periodicity being between the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity, and the joint warm-up opportunity being one of a plurality of warm-up opportunities defined by the joint wake-up periodicity.

23. The UE according to claim 22, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity is an average of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

24. The UE according to claim 22, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity includes a maximum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

25. The UE according to claim 22, wherein the joint wake-up periodicity includes a minimum value of the first wake-up periodicity and the second wake-up periodicity.

26. The UE according to claim 22, further comprising: Components for modifying the joint wake-up periodicity based on a channel condition of at least one of the first RAT or the second RAT.

27. The UE according to claim 21, wherein the component for modifying at least one of the first warm-up opportunity or the second warm-up opportunity to provide the combined warm-up opportunity further comprises: a component for performing an evaluation of one or more key performance indicators related to the second RAT before the first warm-up opportunity; and a component for modifying the second warm-up opportunity to occur within the same DRX cycle as the first warm-up opportunity based on the evaluation to provide the combined warm-up opportunity.

28. The UE according to claim 27, further comprising: a component for skipping one or more subsequent warm-up opportunities for the second RAT scheduled to occur within one or more subsequent DRX cycles after the same DRX cycle based on the wake-up periodicity of the second RAT.

29. The UE according to claim 21, wherein the DRX mode is a connected DRX (C-DRX) mode.

30. The UE according to claim 21, further comprising: a component for receiving at least one first synchronization signal block (SSB) in the first frequency range from the first cell and at least one second SSB in the second frequency range from the second cell during the combined warm-up opportunity; and a component for performing a corresponding time tracking loop (TTL) update and a corresponding frequency tracking loop (FTL) update for each of the first RAT and the second RAT based on the at least one first SSB and the at least one second SSB during the combined warm-up opportunity.

Images