Method and system for evaluating cognitive reserve by using electroencephalogram power ratio index

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a system for evaluating cognitive reserve of rodents by utilizing an electroencephalogram power ratio index. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring electroencephalogram physiological signals by embedding an electrode in a prefrontal cortex of an experimental subject; the method comprises the following steps: collecting electroencephalogram data, preprocessing the collected data to ensure the data quality, then extracting the power spectrum density of each frequency band of the electroencephalogram data by using fast Fourier transform, and calculating the power ratio of different frequency bands; the power ratios serve as key indexes, relative weights of neural oscillation of different frequency bands of the brain can be objectively quantified, and then the cognitive reserve level is reflected. According to the method, interference caused by signal amplitude differences among individuals is reduced, the slight difference between normal aging and pathological cognitive decline can be effectively distinguished, and a basis is provided for early warning and individualized intervention of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the method also provides a new technical approach for researching a brain function compensation mechanism and nerve adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of neuroscience and medical diagnosis, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating cognitive reserve using an electroencephalogram power ratio index. Background Art

[0002] Cognitive reserve refers to how an individual uses the advantages of brain structure and function to cope with neuropathological changes, thereby delaying or alleviating the clinical manifestations of cognitive decline. With the acceleration of the aging process of the population, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease has increased year by year. The cognitive reserve theory believes that an individual's early education, life experience and plastic changes in the neural network can buffer the damage of neuropathology to cognitive function, thereby delaying the onset of clinical symptoms.

[0003] However, the existing technology for assessing cognitive reserve still relies on indicators such as education level, professional experience, and leisure activities, but such subjective questionnaires or indirect indicators have certain limitations and are easily interfered by various factors such as culture, economy, and social background. Therefore, how to obtain more objective and sensitive indicators that reflect individual cognitive reserve from the level of neural activity has become an important scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently. A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with higher cognitive reserves have later clinical symptoms and slower disease progression when facing neurodegenerative pathologies. However, there is currently a lack of an efficient, economical and real-time method to quantify and monitor the dynamic changes of cognitive reserve.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used for understanding the background of the present application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the above-mentioned background technology and provide a method and system for evaluating cognitive reserve using EEG power ratio indicators.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using an EEG power ratio index comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. EEG data collection: electrodes are implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rodent experimental subjects to collect EEG physiological signals;

[0009] S2, data preprocessing: preprocess the collected EEG data to obtain high-quality EEG data;

[0010] S3. Power ratio calculation: Perform a fast Fourier transform on the preprocessed EEG data, extract the power spectral density of each frequency band, and calculate the power ratios of different frequency bands;

[0011] S4. Cognitive reserve assessment: According to the calculated power ratios, evaluate the cognitive reserve level of the experimental subjects. Compare the EEG power ratios of the experimental subjects with the normal baseline level. If it is greater than or equal to the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a high level of cognitive reserve; if it is less than the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a low level of cognitive reserve.

[0012] A system for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using EEG power ratio indices, comprising:

[0013] An electrophysiological monitoring sensor, which includes electrodes implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rodent experimental subjects for collecting EEG signals;

[0014] A data processing unit, which preprocesses the collected EEG data to obtain high-quality EEG data; performs a fast Fourier transform on the preprocessed EEG data, extracts the power spectral density of each frequency band, and calculates the power ratios of different frequency bands; evaluates the cognitive reserve level of the experimental subjects according to the calculated EEG power ratios, compares the EEG power ratios of the experimental subjects with the normal baseline level. If it is greater than or equal to the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a high level of cognitive reserve; if it is less than the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a low level of cognitive reserve;

[0015] An output unit for outputting the evaluation results.

[0016] A method for evaluating the susceptibility of rodents to Alzheimer's disease, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Through the above method, evaluate the cognitive reserve level of rodents according to the calculated EEG power ratios;

[0018] According to the cognitive reserve level, evaluate the susceptibility of the rodents to Alzheimer's disease. Among them, according to the set EEG power ratio threshold level, rodents with a lower cognitive reserve level are determined to be individuals with high susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, and rodents with a higher cognitive reserve level are determined to be individuals with low susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents based on the brain power ratio index. This method collects electrophysiological signals by implanting electrodes in the prefrontal cortex of rodents, preprocesses the collected data, and performs a fast Fourier transform, and then calculates the power ratios of different frequency bands to evaluate the cognitive reserve level. This method makes full use of the brain power ratio as an index to describe the energy distribution ratio of different frequency bands, can objectively quantify the relative weights of neural oscillations in different frequency bands of the brain, thereby revealing the information processing efficiency, the collaborative working mechanism of neural networks, and the changes in cognitive states. Compared with simply observing the absolute power of each frequency band, calculating the power ratio not only reduces the interference caused by the difference in signal amplitude between individuals, but also can more stably and sensitively distinguish different cognitive states, effectively reflecting the different network states and neural adaptability changes of the brain, and is closely related to higher cognitive functions such as executive function, attention, and memory. In addition, this method can also be used as an auxiliary tool for early warning of neurodegenerative diseases, providing a basis for individualized intervention, and at the same time providing new technical ideas and important ways for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and the research of brain function compensation mechanisms.

[0021] Other beneficial effects in the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the method for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using the brain power ratio index in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 For the test and evaluation results of cognitive reserve, Figure 2 (A) is the test result of cognitive reserve based on the working memory capacity task, Figure 2 and (B) is the evaluation result of cognitive reserve.

[0024] Figure 3 For the brain power ratio results, Figure 3 (A) shows the α / θ power ratios of the normal control group, the high cognitive reserve level group, and the low cognitive reserve level group, Figure 3 and (B) shows the results of the (δ+θ) / (α+β) power ratios of the normal control group, the high cognitive reserve level group, and the low cognitive reserve level group.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the system for evaluating the cognitive reserve of Alzheimer's disease mice using the brain power ratio index in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following makes a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention and its applications.

[0027] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0028] Compared with traditional assessment methods that rely on questionnaires and behavioral tests, using electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, a means of directly recording brain electrical activities, not only has objectivity and real-time nature, but also its rich spectral and spatio-temporal information provides indicators for revealing the potential capabilities of an individual's brain in aspects such as information processing, network integration, and neural compensation. The quantification method based on neuroelectrophysiological data is an important tool for early identification of cognitive reserve, monitoring, and evaluation of its changes. However, currently, there are still many gaps in the neurophysiological related indicators of cognitive reserve. How to identify and extract the key feature parameters in EEG signals that can reflect an individual's cognitive reserve level is the key.

[0029] As a technology for reflecting neural activities, EEG recording is becoming increasingly mature. Simply observing the absolute power of each frequency band may not comprehensively reflect the complex internal neural dynamics of the brain. Therefore, by calculating the power ratio between different time periods or different regions, more stable and sensitive indicators can be provided to distinguish different cognitive states. This method not only reduces the interference caused by differences in signal amplitude among individuals, but also helps to distinguish the subtle differences between normal aging and pathological cognitive decline in electrophysiology. By extracting the brain power of different frequency bands and calculating their ratios, it can effectively reflect the different network states and neural adaptive changes of the brain, which are related to higher cognitive functions such as executive function, attention, and memory, and these cognitive functions are important components of cognitive reserve. The essence of cognitive reserve lies in the brain's reduction of the impact of pathological damage on cognitive function through neural network reorganization, neural adaptation, and functional compensation. The brain power ratio index can capture the energy distribution changes between different frequency bands of the brain, and this change reflects the activation state and information processing efficiency of the neural network.

[0030] The prefrontal cortex, as an important region in the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, its neuroelectrophysiological activities play a key role in various cognitive processes. The local EEG activities in the prefrontal region, especially the changes in the power ratio between the α, β, and θ frequency bands, are closely related to executive function and attention control. Abnormal changes in the prefrontal brain power ratio are closely related to various cognitive impairments. Among them, the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment is positively correlated with the dysregulation of the prefrontal lobe and its related functional networks. Among the numerous neuroelectrophysiological indicators related to prefrontal function, through quantitative analysis of the power ratio of different frequency bands, the state changes at the local and network levels of the brain during task execution can be more accurately reflected.

[0031] Refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using the brain power ratio index, including the following steps:

[0032] S1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data acquisition: Electrodes are implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rodent experimental subjects to collect EEG physiological signals;

[0033] S2. Data preprocessing: The collected EEG data is preprocessed to obtain high-quality EEG data;

[0034] S3. Power ratio calculation: The preprocessed EEG data is subjected to fast Fourier transform to extract the power spectral density of each frequency band, and the power ratios of different frequency bands are calculated;

[0035] S4. Cognitive reserve evaluation: According to the calculated power ratios, the cognitive reserve level of the experimental subjects is evaluated. The brain power ratio of the experimental subjects is compared with the normal baseline level of the brain power ratio. If it is greater than or equal to the normal baseline level, it is determined as an individual with a high level of cognitive reserve; if it is less than the normal baseline level, it is determined as an individual with a low level of cognitive reserve.

[0036] Among them, by using the correlation between the cognitive reserve level and the power ratio, the level of cognitive reserve is reflected through the change of the power ratio.

[0037] Through the brain power ratio index, it is possible to objectively quantify the relative weights of neural oscillations in different frequency bands of the brain, reveal the information processing efficiency, the collaborative working mechanism of neural networks, and the changes in cognitive states, providing a basis for the early diagnosis and individualized intervention of neurodegenerative diseases.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, step S2 includes: removing baseline drift to eliminate long-term trend noise; performing band-pass filtering with a filtering range of 1–30 Hz to remove high-frequency and low-frequency interference; applying independent component analysis (ICA) to separate and remove artifact signals.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the frequency bands extracted by fast Fourier transform include: Delta band (1–3 Hz); Theta band (4–8 Hz); Alpha band (8–13 Hz); Beta band (14–30 Hz).

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the calculated power ratio is the (δ+θ) / (α+β) power ratio. The normal baseline level of the brain power ratio is between 1.20 and 1.21.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the cognitive task test includes a working memory capacity task, and through this task, the working memory capacity of the experimental subject is evaluated, thereby reflecting the cognitive reserve level.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, by comparing the power ratios of different experimental subject groups, the high and low levels of cognitive reserve are distinguished. For example, the (δ+θ) / (α+β) power ratio of the low cognitive reserve group is significantly lower than that of the normal control group and the high cognitive reserve group.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the experimental subject is a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and by evaluating the prefrontal brain electrical power ratio, it is used as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases.

[0044] Refer to Figure 4 , the embodiment of the present invention also provides a system for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using the index of brain electrical power ratio, including: an electrophysiological monitoring sensor, which includes electrodes implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rodent experimental subjects for collecting electrophysiological signals; a data processing unit, which preprocesses the collected electroencephalogram data to obtain high-quality electroencephalogram data; performs a fast Fourier transform on the preprocessed electroencephalogram data, extracts the power spectral density of each frequency band, and calculates the power ratios of different frequency bands; evaluates the cognitive reserve level of the experimental subject according to the calculated brain electrical power ratio, compares the brain electrical power ratio of the experimental subject with the normal baseline level, if it is greater than or equal to the normal baseline level, it is determined as an individual with a high cognitive reserve level; if it is less than the normal baseline level, it is determined as an individual with a low cognitive reserve level; an output unit for outputting the evaluation result. The evaluation result output by the output unit includes but is not limited to power ratio data, cognitive reserve level, and indicators related to the cognitive task test.

[0045] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for evaluating the susceptibility of rodents to Alzheimer's disease, including the following steps:

[0046] Through the method for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using the index of brain electrical power ratio, the cognitive reserve level of the rodents is evaluated according to the calculated brain electrical power ratio;

[0047] According to the cognitive reserve level, the susceptibility of the rodents to Alzheimer's disease is evaluated, wherein the rodents with a lower cognitive reserve level are determined as individuals with high susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, and the rodents with a higher cognitive reserve level are determined as individuals with low susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease.

[0048] The method quantifies the cognitive reserve level of rodents such as mice through the brain electrical power ratio, and then evaluates their susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease according to the cognitive reserve level.

[0049] In the present invention, by recording and preprocessing prefrontal electroencephalogram signals, extracting the power spectral density through Fourier transform, calculating the average power spectral density of different frequency bands, and the power ratio, the cognitive reserve level is reflected. The electroencephalogram power ratio, as an index describing the energy distribution ratio of different frequency bands, is important in that it can objectively quantify the relative weights of neural oscillations in different frequency bands of the brain, thereby revealing the information processing efficiency, the collaborative working mechanism of neural networks, and the changes in cognitive states. The collaborative activities between neural oscillations in different frequency bands reflect the functional connections and information integration processes between different regions of the brain, and the dynamic changes in the power ratio can be regarded as a quantitative description of this process. Using the prefrontal electroencephalogram power ratio to evaluate cognitive reserve can not only serve as an auxiliary tool for early warning of neurodegenerative diseases, but also provide a basis for individualized intervention.

[0050] The following further describes specific embodiments of the present invention and experimental verification.

[0051] The steps for evaluating cognitive reserve using the electroencephalogram power ratio include:

[0052] Collection and preprocessing of prefrontal electrophysiological data

[0053] Electrodes are implanted in the prefrontal cortex of mice. One week after the surgery recovery, electroencephalogram signals are recorded and data are collected when the mice are in a freely awake and active state. Data preprocessing usually includes removing baseline drift, filtering (band-pass filtering in the range of 1 - 30 Hz), and independent component analysis (ICA).

[0054] Calculation of power ratio

[0055] In the preprocessed electroencephalogram data, the power spectra of each frequency band are obtained through fast Fourier transform, and the average power ratio of each frequency band is calculated. Among them, the preferred frequency band of 1 - 30 Hz is concerned, including Delta (1 - 3 Hz), Theta (4 - 8 Hz), Alpha (8 - 13 Hz), and Beta (14 - 30 Hz). After calculating the average power of each frequency band, the α / θ power ratio and the (δ + θ) / (α + β) power ratio can be obtained respectively. Fourier transform formula:

[0056]

[0057] Calculation of power ratio:

[0058]

[0059] Experimental results

[0060] Figure 2 For the test and evaluation results of the cognitive reserve of mice, Figure 2(A) is the cognitive reserve test result based on the working memory capacity task. As can be seen from the figure, the working memory capacity of the normal control group is significantly higher than that of the AD model group; Figure 2 (B) is the cognitive reserve assessment result. As can be seen from the figure, the working memory capacity of the high cognitive reserve level group is comparable to that of the normal control group and significantly higher than that of the low cognitive reserve level group.

[0061] For the results of the cognitive reserve test on mice, statistical analysis was performed on the corresponding cerebral electrical power ratio. The average level of the cerebral electrical power ratio of normal control mice was used as the normal baseline level of the cognitive reserve test. Based on the statistical results of the experiment, the normal baseline level of the cerebral electrical power ratio of normal control mice is approximately 1.20 - 1.21.

[0062] Figure 3 is the result of the cerebral electrical power ratio, Figure 3 (A) is the α / θ power ratio of the normal control group, high cognitive reserve level group, and low cognitive reserve level group, Figure 3 (B) is the result of the (δ + θ) / (α + β) power ratio of the normal control group, high cognitive reserve level group, and low cognitive reserve level group. From Figure 3 (A), it can be seen that there is no significant difference in the α / θ power ratio among the three groups; Figure 3 (B) shows that there is no significant difference in the (δ + θ) / (α + β) power ratio between the normal control group and the high cognitive reserve level group, but the (δ + θ) / (α + β) power ratio of the low cognitive reserve level group is significantly lower than that of the normal control group and the high cognitive reserve level group, which is consistent with the cognitive reserve result. The range of the (δ + θ) / (α + β) power ratio of the low cognitive reserve level group is between 1.13 - 1.20, and the range of the (δ + θ) / (α + β) power ratio of the high cognitive reserve level group is between 1.21 - 1.33.

[0063] Evaluating the cognitive reserve of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice through the cerebral electrical power ratio of the prefrontal cortex, the cerebral electrical power ratio can not only be used as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, but also reflect an individual's neural adaptation and plasticity, as well as cognitive reserve. As a simple and practical method for evaluating cognitive reserve, the cerebral electrical power ratio index of the prefrontal cortex not only provides a new means for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, but also provides an important way to clarify the brain function compensation mechanism and neural adaptation.

[0064] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a storage medium for storing a computer program, which when executed, at least executes the method described above.

[0065] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a control device, including a processor and a storage medium for storing a computer program; wherein, when the processor executes the computer program, it at least executes the method described above.

[0066] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a processor, and the processor executes a computer program to at least execute the method described above.

[0067] The storage medium can be implemented by any type of non-volatile storage device, or a combination thereof. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM, Read Only Memory), a programmable read-only memory (PROM, Programmable Read-Only Memory), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), a ferromagnetic random access memory (FRAM, Ferromagnetic Random Access Memory), a flash memory (Flash Memory), a magnetic surface memory, an optical disc, or a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM, Compact Disc Read-Only Memory); the magnetic surface memory can be a disk memory or a tape memory. The storage medium described in the embodiments of the present invention is intended to include, but not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0068] In several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the components shown or discussed with each other can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0069] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units; some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0070] In addition, in each embodiment of the present invention, each functional unit can be entirely integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be separately regarded as one unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of a hardware plus software functional unit.

[0071] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above method embodiments can be completed by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps including the above method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: removable storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc., all kinds of media that can store program codes.

[0072] Alternatively, if the above-mentioned integrated unit of the present invention is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: removable storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc., all kinds of media that can store program codes.

[0073] The methods disclosed in several method embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method embodiments.

[0074] The features disclosed in several product embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new product embodiments.

[0075] The features disclosed in several method or device embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method embodiments or device embodiments.

[0076] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred implementation manners. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several equivalent substitutions or obvious variations can be made, and as long as the performance or use is the same, they should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using the brain power ratio index, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data acquisition: Electrodes are implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rodent experimental subjects to acquire EEG physiological signals; S2. Data preprocessing: The acquired EEG data is preprocessed to obtain high-quality EEG data; S3. Power ratio calculation: The preprocessed EEG data is subjected to fast Fourier transform to extract the power spectral density of each frequency band, and the EEG power ratios of different frequency bands are calculated; S4. Cognitive reserve assessment: According to the calculated power ratios, the cognitive reserve level of the experimental subject is evaluated. The EEG power ratio of the experimental subject is compared with the normal baseline level. If it is greater than or equal to the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a high level of cognitive reserve; if it is less than the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a low level of cognitive reserve.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Step S2 includes: Removing baseline drift to eliminate long-term trend noise; Performing band-pass filtering with a filtering range of 1–30 Hz to remove high-frequency and low-frequency interferences; Applying independent component analysis (ICA) to separate and remove artifact signals.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, the frequency bands extracted by fast Fourier transform include: Delta band (1–3 Hz); Theta band (4–8 Hz); Alpha band (8–13 Hz); Beta band (14–30 Hz).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, the calculated power ratio is the (δ+θ) / (α+β) power ratio.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the experimental subject is a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). By evaluating the prefrontal EEG power ratio, it serves as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases.

6. A system for evaluating the cognitive reserve of rodents using the brain electrical power ratio index, characterized in that, It includes: An electrophysiological monitoring sensor, which includes electrodes implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rodent experimental subjects for acquiring EEG physiological signals; A data processing unit, which preprocesses the acquired EEG data to obtain high-quality EEG data; Performing fast Fourier transform on the preprocessed EEG data to extract the power spectral density of each frequency band and calculate the power ratios of different frequency bands; According to the calculated EEG power ratios, evaluating the cognitive reserve level of the experimental subject. The EEG power ratio of the experimental subject is compared with the normal baseline level. If it is greater than or equal to the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a high level of cognitive reserve; if it is less than the normal baseline level, the individual is determined to have a low level of cognitive reserve; An output unit for outputting the evaluation result.

7. A method for evaluating the susceptibility of rodents to Alzheimer's disease, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: According to the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5, evaluating the cognitive reserve level of the rodent based on the calculated EEG power ratio; According to the cognitive reserve level, evaluating the susceptibility of the rodent to Alzheimer's disease. Among them, rodents with a lower cognitive reserve level are determined to be individuals with high susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, and rodents with a higher cognitive reserve level are determined to be individuals with low susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease.

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