Reservoir water source protection and pollution control method

Abstract

The invention provides a reservoir water source protection and pollution control method which comprises the following specific steps: dividing a farmland runoff control area, and selecting an area which is relatively flat in terrain and is used for continuously planting rice crops along a river as the farmland runoff control area according to the terrain near a reservoir entering river; dividing a slope cropland water and soil conservation area, and selecting an area for planting apple crops as the slope cropland water and soil conservation area according to the terrain near the reservoir entering river; a reservoir entering buffer area is divided, the reservoir entering buffer area comprises reservoir entering tributary estuaries, constructed wetlands are built at the reservoir entering tributary estuaries, and plant buffer zones are built in the first-level protection area of the reservoir in a hierarchical and gradient mode according to reservoir dispatching water level change conditions and reservoir bank water level amplitude variation area exposure time; regularly cleaning and maintaining, namely cleaning sand in a grit chamber, dredging an ecological pond, overhauling a pump room and replanting wetland plants. According to the method, treatment and protection measures are selected according to local conditions, so that the villagers are prevented from being forcibly moved, and agricultural activity habits of the villagers are maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and specifically relates to a method for protecting the water source area of a reservoir and preventing pollution. Background Art

[0002] The sources of water pollution in water source areas are diverse and involve human activities in various fields. Agricultural activities have exerted great pressure on the water quality of water source areas. During the use of pesticides and fertilizers, residues will enter the water body through rainfall and other channels, resulting in water pollution in water source areas.

[0003] Currently, the protection of water source areas mostly divides water source protection areas through legislative means, clearly prohibits various measures and behaviors that cause water pollution, and at the same time isolates the protection areas and relocates the population in the core protection areas.

[0004] The invention patent with the application number 2020108160409 discloses a method for protecting the water source area of a reservoir and ecological compensation. This method isolates and protects the water source area by establishing an ecological protection area and an ecological compensation and restoration area. Essentially, it also isolates the water source area from human activities. However, due to reasons such as villagers' living habits, historical evolution, and living conditions, it is difficult, costly, and the willingness is low to isolate the water source area or relocate the villagers, and it is difficult to implement smoothly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of this application is to provide a method for protecting the water source area of a reservoir and preventing pollution, realizing the protection of the water source area and pollution control, effectively protecting the water quality of the water source area, and coordinating the contradiction between water source area protection and human life.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The embodiments of this application provide a method for protecting the water source area of a reservoir and preventing pollution, including the following specific steps:

[0008] Divide the farmland runoff prevention and control area, and select an area with relatively flat terrain and continuous rice crops planted along the river as the farmland runoff prevention and control area according to the terrain near the incoming river;

[0009] Divide the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area, and select the area where apple crops are planted as the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area according to the terrain near the incoming river;

[0010] Divide the incoming reservoir buffer zone. The incoming reservoir buffer zone includes the estuary of the incoming tributary. Build an artificial wetland at the estuary of the incoming tributary. In the first-level protection area of the reservoir, combine the change of the reservoir operation water level and the exposure time of the water level fluctuation zone on the reservoir bank, and construct a plant buffer zone in layers and gradients;

[0011] Regular cleaning and maintenance, including sand removal from the grit chamber, silt dredging from the ecological pond, pump house maintenance, and replanting of wetland plants.

[0012] The implementation method for dividing the farmland runoff prevention and control area is as follows:

[0013] Build a tractor road along the river between the river and the farmland, build a farmland runoff collection ditch between the tractor road and the farmland, set ecological storage ponds at intervals along the farmland runoff collection ditch, bury a water conveyance pipe under the lower side of the tractor road, build a regulating reservoir at the source of the river. After the farmland runoff is collected by the farmland runoff ditch and precipitated and filtered by the ecological storage pond, it flows into the next-level farmland runoff collection ditch and ecological storage pond. A circulating pump house is set in the ecological storage pond at the most downstream, and the purified farmland runoff is pumped along the water conveyance pipeline to the regulating reservoir at the river source for storage. The excess runoff will be directly discharged into the river, and a sluice is set in the source regulating reservoir.

[0014] The scale of the ecological storage pond is determined according to the farmland area within the catchment area and the drainage volume per unit of farmland;

[0015] The circulating pump house is arranged in the ecological storage pond at the end of each collection ditch and conveys water upstream. When the terrain elevation difference is too large, a multi-stage pump station is used in series for pressurization. The scale of the pump station is determined according to the water storage volume and water use time.

[0016] The construction method of the sloping cultivated land soil and water conservation area is as follows: build intercepting ditches at intervals along the contour line on the sloping cultivated land. The intercepting ditches need to have a certain slope. Build drainage ditches along the direction perpendicular to the contour line. The drainage ditches are connected to the lower side of the intercepting ditches. A grit chamber is set at the connection between the drainage ditch and the intercepting ditch. A water storage tank is connected to the end of the drainage ditch to store the slope surface drainage. The runoff intercepted by the intercepting ditch first enters the grit chamber. After the grit chamber precipitates, the clear water is discharged into the water storage tank. A sluice is set in the water storage tank.

[0017] When the in-reservoir wetland is arranged downstream of the river flowing through the sloping cultivated land, a grit chamber is added in front of the in-reservoir wetland to avoid wetland siltation.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. Protect the reservoir by dividing into areas such as the farmland runoff prevention and control area, the sloping cultivated land soil and water conservation area, and the in-reservoir buffer area, select governance and protection measures according to local conditions, avoid forced relocation of villagers, and maintain the agricultural activity habits of villagers.

[0020] 2. The ecological storage pond, grit chamber, water storage tank, etc. can not only purify water quality, but also store water when it rains and provide agricultural water during the crop water demand period.

[0021] 3. The ecological storage pond, grit chamber, water storage tank, regulating reservoir, pump house, constructed wetland, etc., various basic measures have low maintenance costs, are easy to maintain, and have a long service life, which is conducive to long-term protection. Description of the Drawings

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the farmland runoff prevention and control area of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the sloping cultivated land soil and water conservation area of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0027] 1 - Reservoir water surface range, 2 - Inflow buffer zone (reservoir buffer zone), 3 - Boundary line of the first-class protected area of the water source reservoir, 4 - Main inflow river, 5 - Estuary wetland of the inflow river, 6 - Farmland, 7 - Farmland runoff prevention and control area, 8 - Sloping cultivated land, 9 - Sloping cultivated land soil and water conservation area, 10 - Farmland, 11 - Ecological water storage pond, 12 - Pump house, 13 - Regulation water tank, 14 - Runoff collection ditch, 15 - Tractor road, 16 - Water delivery pipe, 17 - River, 18 - Sloping cultivated land, 19 - Intercepting ditch, 20 - Drainage ditch, 21 - Sand sedimentation tank, 22 - Water storage tank. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0029] The term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4, the present invention provides a method for protecting and treating the water source area of a reservoir. Taking the reservoir as the protection object and the main inflowing rivers as the key treatment objects, the water source protection area of the reservoir is divided into several farmland runoff prevention and control areas 7, sloping farmland soil and water conservation areas 9 and an inflow buffer area 2 according to the landform and crop cultivation types within the water source protection area. A farmland runoff collection and recycling system is established in the farmland runoff prevention and control area 7, a runoff interception and reuse system is established in the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area 9, and an estuary wetland 5 of the inflowing river and a reservoir buffer zone are set in the inflow buffer area 2. The specific steps are as follows:

[0031] Step 1: Divide the farmland runoff prevention and control area. According to the terrain near the inflowing river, select an area with relatively flat terrain and continuous planting of crops such as rice along the river as the farmland runoff prevention and control area 7. Build a tractor road 15 along the river between the river channel 17 and the farmland 10, build a farmland runoff collection ditch 14 between the tractor road 15 and the farmland 10. Ecological water storage ponds 11 are set at intervals in the farmland runoff collection ditch 14. A water delivery pipe 16 is buried under the lower side of the tractor road 15. Build a regulating water pond 13 at the river source. The farmland runoff is collected by the farmland runoff ditch 14, precipitated and filtered by the ecological water storage pond 11, and then flows into the next-level farmland runoff collection ditch 14 and ecological water storage pond 11. A circulating pump house 12 is set in the ecological water storage pond 11 at the downstream end. The purified farmland runoff is pumped along the water delivery pipeline 16 to the regulating water pond 13 at the river source for storage, and the excess runoff will be directly discharged into the river. A sluice is set in the regulating water pond at the source.

[0032] Furthermore, the ecological water storage pond 11 has both water quality purification and water volume regulation functions. The scale of the ecological water storage pond is determined according to the farmland area within the catchment area and the drainage volume per unit of farmland.

[0033] Furthermore, the circulating pump house 12 is generally arranged in the ecological water storage pond 11 at the end of each collection ditch, pumping water upstream. When the terrain elevation difference is too large, a series of booster pumps can be used in series. The scale of the pump station is determined according to the water storage volume and the water use time.

[0034] Step 2: Divide the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area 9. According to the terrain near the inflowing river, select an area where crops such as apples are planted as the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area 9. Build intercepting ditches 19 along the contour line at intervals on the sloping farmland 18. The intercepting ditches need to have a certain slope. Build drainage ditches 20 along the direction perpendicular to the contour line. The drainage ditch 20 is connected to the lower side of the intercepting ditch 19. A grit chamber 21 is set at the connection of the drainage ditch 20 and the intercepting ditch 19. A water storage pond 22 is connected to the end of the drainage ditch 20 to store the slope drainage. The runoff intercepted by the intercepting ditch 19 first enters the grit chamber 21. After sedimentation in the grit chamber 21, the clear water is discharged into the water storage pond 22. A sluice is set in the water storage pond 22.

[0035] Step 3: Divide the incoming water buffer zone 2. Generally, the incoming water buffer zone is within the scope of the first-class protected area of the water source. The estuaries of the main incoming tributaries are mostly within the scope of the first-class protected area 3. Therefore, the incoming water buffer zone includes the estuaries of the incoming tributaries 4. Construct artificial wetlands 5 at the estuaries of the incoming tributaries. Within the first-class protected area 3 of the reservoir, in combination with the change of the reservoir operation water level and the exposure time of the water level fluctuation zone on the reservoir bank, construct plant buffer zones in a hierarchical and gradient manner;

[0036] Furthermore, when the incoming water wetland is arranged downstream of the river flowing through the sloping farmland, a grit chamber needs to be added in front of the incoming water wetland to avoid wetland siltation.

[0037] Furthermore, the plant configuration of the plant buffer zone mainly adopts the combination of "trees, shrubs and herbs", "shrubs and herbs" and "herbs". Select plants mainly composed of herbaceous plants in the low elevation area. As the elevation gradually increases, shrubs are added in turn. Flood-tolerant trees can be selected near the highest water level line, and local tree species are matched. Herbaceous plants should be selected in different elevation and slope areas of the buffer zone on the basis of considering their flood tolerance.

[0038] Step 4: Regular cleaning and maintenance, including sand cleaning in the grit chamber, silt dredging in the ecological pond, pump house maintenance, wetland plant replanting, etc.

[0039] The above are only the embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for protecting the water source area of a reservoir and preventing pollution, characterized in that, It includes the following specific steps: Divide the farmland runoff prevention and control area, and select the area with relatively flat terrain and continuous rice crops planted along the river as the farmland runoff prevention and control area according to the terrain near the reservoir inflow river; Divide the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area, and select the area where apple crops are planted as the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area according to the terrain near the reservoir inflow river; Divide the reservoir buffer zone. The reservoir buffer zone includes the estuaries of the tributaries flowing into the reservoir. Construct artificial wetlands at the estuaries of the tributaries flowing into the reservoir. Within the first-class protection area of the reservoir, combined with the change of the reservoir operation water level and the exposure time of the water level fluctuation zone on the reservoir bank, construct plant buffer zones in layers and gradients; Regular cleaning and maintenance, including sand cleaning in the grit chamber, silt dredging in the ecological pond, pump house maintenance, and replanting of wetland plants.

2. The method for protecting the water source area of a reservoir and preventing pollution according to claim 1, wherein, The implementation method of dividing the farmland runoff prevention and control area is as follows: Build a tractor road along the river between the river and the farmland, build a farmland runoff collection ditch between the tractor road and the farmland, set ecological storage ponds at intervals along the farmland runoff collection ditch, bury a water delivery pipe under the lower side of the tractor road, build a regulating pool at the source of the river. After the farmland runoff is collected by the farmland runoff ditch and precipitated and filtered by the ecological storage pond, it flows into the next-level farmland runoff collection ditch and ecological storage pond. A circulating pump house is set in the ecological storage pond at the most downstream. The purified farmland runoff is pumped along the water delivery pipe to the regulating pool at the river source for storage, and the excess runoff will be directly discharged into the river. A sluice is set in the source regulating pool.

3. A method for protecting a reservoir water source area and preventing pollution according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scale of the ecological storage pond is determined according to the farmland area within the catchment area and the drainage volume per unit of farmland; The circulating pump house is arranged in the ecological storage pond at the end of each collection ditch and conveys water upstream. When the terrain height difference is too large, a multi-stage pump station is used in series for pressurization. The scale of the pump station is determined according to the water storage volume and the water use time.

4. A method for protecting a reservoir water source area and preventing pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction method of the sloping farmland soil and water conservation area is as follows: build intercepting ditches along the contour line at intervals on the sloping farmland. The intercepting ditches need to have a certain slope. Build drainage ditches along the direction perpendicular to the contour line. The drainage ditches are connected to the lower side of the intercepting ditches. A grit chamber is set at the connection between the drainage ditch and the intercepting ditch. The reservoir is connected to the terminal of the drainage ditch to store the slope drainage. The runoff intercepted by the intercepting ditch first enters the grit chamber. After the grit chamber precipitates, the clear water is discharged into the reservoir. A sluice is set in the reservoir.

5. A method for protecting the water source area of a reservoir and preventing and controlling pollution according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the inlet wetland is arranged downstream of the river flowing through the sloping farmland, a grit chamber is added in front of the inlet wetland to avoid wetland siltation.

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