Artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable filler and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to a filler-replaceable artificial ecological wetland system and a construction method, and the filler-replaceable artificial ecological wetland system comprises modular filler units, a filler replacement track system, a water level control system, a biological membrane protection system, a monitoring feedback system and an intelligent control system. According to the artificial ecological wetland system capable of replacing the filler and the construction method, the modular filler units are filled with volcanic rock and activated carbon composite functional filler, and rapid replacement is achieved through the track system; the monitoring feedback system collects data such as permeability coefficient and pollutant concentration in real time, the intelligent control system generates a replacement instruction based on a machine learning algorithm, and the biological membrane protection system is combined to ensure the microbial activity in the replacement process, so that the problems of difficult replacement and fast treatment efficiency attenuation of traditional wetland filler are solved; the method is suitable for the scenes of urban sewage advanced treatment, rural non-point source pollution treatment and the like, and provides technical support for efficient and stable operation of the constructed wetland.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, and in particular to an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a low-cost, high-efficiency sewage treatment technology, artificial ecological wetlands have been widely used in the deep treatment of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and tailwater. The core principle is to remove pollutants through the synergistic effects of filler adsorption, microbial degradation, and plant absorption. However, existing technologies have the following significant drawbacks: 1. Filler replacement is difficult and maintenance costs are high: Traditional wetland fillers (such as gravel and quartz sand) are mostly laid as a whole. Once the treatment efficiency decreases due to blockage or aging, manual excavation and replacement are required after water is stopped. The maintenance cost per square meter is high, and the replacement cycle is long, which seriously affects the continuous operation of the system.

[0003] 2. The packing function decays quickly and the treatment efficiency is unstable: after long-term operation, the packing is prone to pore blockage, decreased permeability coefficient, decreased microbial activity, and decreased dehydrogenase activity, resulting in reduced TN and TP removal rates, and it is difficult to restore performance through simple maintenance.

[0004] 3. Lack of intelligent early warning and precise operation and maintenance mechanisms: The existing system relies on regular manual sampling and testing, and is unable to monitor the status of the packing in real time. This often leads to excessive pollutant emissions due to delayed detection of problems. At the same time, packing replacement relies on experience-based judgment, which can easily lead to excessive or untimely replacement.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method thereof, comprising: Modular packing unit: It is composed of multiple detachable packing modules. Each module contains a nested frame and a composite functional packing filled in the frame. A sieve plate with a pore size of 2-5mm is set at the bottom of the frame, and a positioning slot is set on the outside of the frame. Filler replacement track system: includes a guide rail laid at the bottom of the wetland and a driving track suspended at the top of the wetland. The guide rail and the driving track are connected by a lifting device to achieve horizontal movement and vertical lifting of the filler module; Water level control system: Integrates water level sensor, electric valve and PLC controller to lower the water level in the corresponding area to 20-30cm below the top of the packing module when the packing is replaced; Biofilm protection system: including a spraying device and a nutrient dosing device, which continuously sprays a nutrient solution containing a microbial protective agent to the module to be replaced during the filler replacement process; Monitoring and feedback system: The distributed sensor network collects the permeability coefficient, pollutant concentration and microbial activity data of the packing layer in real time and transmits it to the central control system; Intelligent control system: Based on machine learning algorithm analysis of monitoring data, when the permeability coefficient of the packing layer drops by more than 30% or the pollutant removal rate is lower than 85% of the design value, a packing replacement instruction is automatically generated.

[0008] Preferably, the composite functional filler is composed of the following components by weight: Volcanic rock particles (particle size 5-10mm) 40-50%; Activated carbon (specific surface area ≥1000m 2 / g) 20-30%; Modified ceramsite (porosity ≥ 45%) 20-30%; Biochar (phosphorus content ≥ 2%) 5-10%; The surface of the filler is loaded with a composite bacterial group of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphate-accumulating bacteria.

[0009] Preferably, the frame of the modular packing unit is made of HDPE material with a wall thickness of 3-5 mm. The frame is provided with crisscross reinforcing ribs with a spacing of 10-15 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the guide rails of the filler replacement track system are made of stainless steel with an anti-slip coating on the surface, and the driving track is equipped with an automatic deviation correction device with a positioning accuracy of ±5mm.

[0011] Preferably, the spraying device of the biofilm protection system adopts a spiral nozzle with a spray coverage rate of ≥95%, and the nutrient addition device contains a slow-release carbon source and trace element supplements.

[0012] Preferably, the sensor network of the monitoring feedback system includes: Distributed DO sensor (measurement range 0-20mg / L, accuracy ±0.1mg / L); Conductivity sensor (measuring range 0-20mS / cm, accuracy ±0.01mS / cm); pH sensor (measuring range 0-14, accuracy ±0.05); Turbidity sensor (measuring range 0-1000NTU, accuracy ±1NTU).

[0013] Preferably, the machine learning algorithm of the intelligent control system adopts a random forest model to predict the service life of the filler based on historical operating data, and the prediction error rate is ≤10%.

[0014] A method for constructing an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers comprises the following steps: Step A: Excavate the wetland base and lay an anti-seepage layer using a HDPE membrane (thickness ≥ 1.5 mm) and cover the membrane with a 10-15 cm thick sand layer; Step B: Install the guide rail system. The guide rail spacing should match the width of the packing module with an error of ±2mm. Step C: Assemble the modular filler unit and fill the composite functional filler into the frame according to the designed proportion, with a compaction degree of 90-95%; Step D: Install the driving track and lifting device, ensuring that the horizontal deviation of the driving track is ≤3mm / m; Step E: Arrange the sensor network of the monitoring feedback system with a sensor spacing of 1-2m; Step F: Inoculate the microbial flora, start the wetland system, and gradually increase the influent load to the design value.

[0015] A method for replacing filler in an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable filler comprises the following steps: Step 1: The intelligent control system determines the position of the packing module to be replaced based on the monitoring data; Step 2: The water level control system lowers the water level in the corresponding area to 20-30 cm below the top of the filler module; Step 3: Start the biofilm protection system and continuously spray the nutrient solution; Step 4: Use the lifting device to vertically lift the module to be replaced to the driving track; Step 5: Transport the new filler module along the travel track to the replacement position and vertically lower it onto the guide rail; Step 6: Restore the water level, adjust the water inlet load, and gradually resume the system operation.

[0016] An operation and maintenance method for an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers, comprising: Periodic backwashing: The packing layer is backwashed with air and water every 15-30 days, with a backwashing intensity of 5-8L / (m 2 ・s), duration 10-15 minutes; Microbial enhancement: Add compound bacterial preparation once a month, with a dosage of 0.5-1kg / m 3 filler; Intelligent early warning: When monitoring data shows abnormalities, the early warning level (I-IV) is automatically triggered and pushed to the mobile terminal of the operation and maintenance personnel; Packing life management: Predict the remaining life of packing based on machine learning models and generate replacement plans 30 days in advance.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Rapid packing replacement and reduced maintenance costs: The modular packing unit and track system shortens the time required to replace a single module, eliminates the need for overall water outages, and reduces operation and maintenance costs. The detachable frame design improves packing replacement efficiency.

[0018] 2. Optimize filler performance and improve treatment stability: The composite functional filler improves the permeability coefficient retention rate and stabilizes the pollutant removal rate through the synergistic effect of volcanic rock, activated carbon and other components; the biofilm protection system maintains microbial activity during the replacement process, shortening the system recovery time.

[0019] 3. Intelligent operation and maintenance for precise management and control: The monitoring feedback system and intelligent control algorithm provide real-time warnings on packing status with a low prediction error rate. Combined with regular backwashing and microbial enhancement, a replacement plan can be generated 30 days in advance to avoid excessive emissions caused by sudden failures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the overall structure of an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a construction method of an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method of the present invention; Figure 3 A flow chart of a filler replacement method for an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the system operation and maintenance method of an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and its construction method according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0022] An artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method thereof, comprising: Modular packing unit: It is composed of multiple detachable packing modules. Each module contains a nested frame and a composite functional packing filled in the frame. A sieve plate with a pore size of 2-5mm is set at the bottom of the frame, and a positioning slot is set on the outside of the frame. The composite functional packing is composed of the following components by weight: Volcanic rock particles (particle size 5-10mm) 40-50%; Activated carbon (specific surface area ≥1000m 2 / g) 20-30%; Modified ceramsite (porosity ≥ 45%) 20-30%; Biochar (phosphorus content ≥ 2%) 5-10%; The surface of the filler is loaded with a composite bacterial community of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphate-accumulating bacteria; The frame of the modular packing unit is made of HDPE with a wall thickness of 3-5 mm. The frame is provided with crisscross reinforcement ribs with a spacing of 10-15 cm. Filler replacement track system: This system includes a guide rail laid at the bottom of the wetland and a driving track suspended from the top of the wetland. The guide rail and the driving track are connected by a lifting device to achieve horizontal movement and vertical lifting of the filler module. The guide rail of the filler replacement track system is made of stainless steel with an anti-slip coating on the surface. The driving track is equipped with an automatic deviation correction device with a positioning accuracy of ±5mm. Water level control system: Integrates water level sensor, electric valve and PLC controller to lower the water level in the corresponding area to 20-30cm below the top of the packing module when the packing is replaced; Biofilm protection system: includes a spraying device and a nutrient dosing device, which continuously sprays a nutrient solution containing a microbial protective agent to the module to be replaced during the filler replacement process; the spraying device of the biofilm protection system adopts a spiral nozzle with a spray coverage rate of ≥95%, and the nutrient dosing device contains a slow-release carbon source and trace element supplements; Monitoring and feedback system: A distributed sensor network collects data on the permeability coefficient, pollutant concentration, and microbial activity of the packing layer in real time and transmits it to a central control system. The sensor network of the monitoring and feedback system includes: Distributed DO sensor (measurement range 0-20mg / L, accuracy ±0.1mg / L); Conductivity sensor (measuring range 0-20mS / cm, accuracy ±0.01mS / cm); pH sensor (measuring range 0-14, accuracy ±0.05); Turbidity sensor (measuring range 0-1000NTU, accuracy ±1NTU); Intelligent control system: Based on machine learning algorithms to analyze monitoring data, it automatically generates a packing replacement instruction when the packing layer permeability coefficient drops by more than 30% or the pollutant removal rate falls below 85% of the design value. The machine learning algorithm of the intelligent control system uses a random forest model to predict the service life of the packing based on historical operating data, with a prediction error rate of ≤10%.

[0023] A method for constructing an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers comprises the following steps: Step A: Excavate the wetland base and lay an anti-seepage layer using a HDPE membrane (thickness ≥ 1.5 mm) and cover the membrane with a 10-15 cm thick sand layer; Step B: Install the guide rail system. The guide rail spacing should match the width of the packing module with an error of ±2mm. Step C: Assemble the modular filler unit and fill the composite functional filler into the frame according to the designed proportion, with a compaction degree of 90-95%; Step D: Install the driving track and lifting device, ensuring that the horizontal deviation of the driving track is ≤3mm / m; Step E: Arrange the sensor network of the monitoring feedback system with a sensor spacing of 1-2m; Step F: Inoculate the microbial flora, start the wetland system, and gradually increase the influent load to the design value.

[0024] A method for replacing filler in an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable filler comprises the following steps: Step 1: The intelligent control system determines the position of the packing module to be replaced based on the monitoring data; Step 2: The water level control system lowers the water level in the corresponding area to 20-30 cm below the top of the filler module; Step 3: Start the biofilm protection system and continuously spray the nutrient solution; Step 4: Use the lifting device to vertically lift the module to be replaced to the driving track; Step 5: Transport the new filler module along the travel track to the replacement position and vertically lower it onto the guide rail; Step 6: Restore the water level, adjust the water inlet load, and gradually resume the system operation.

[0025] An operation and maintenance method for an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers, comprising: Periodic backwashing: The packing layer is backwashed with air and water every 15-30 days, with a backwashing intensity of 5-8L / (m 2 ・s), duration 10-15 minutes; Microbial enhancement: Add compound bacterial preparation once a month, with a dosage of 0.5-1kg / m3 filler; Intelligent early warning: When monitoring data shows abnormalities, the early warning level (I-IV) is automatically triggered and pushed to the mobile terminal of the operation and maintenance personnel; Packing life management: Predict the remaining life of packing based on machine learning models and generate replacement plans 30 days in advance.

[0026] Example Example 1: Advanced treatment project of tail water from urban sewage treatment plants Scenario: Tailwater upgrading and renovation of a county-level sewage treatment plant, with a design capacity of 5000m 3 / d, the effluent TN is required to be ≤10mg / L, TP ≤0.5mg / L.

[0027] System Construction Packing design: Modular packing unit: frame size 2m×1m×1.2m, HDPE material wall thickness 4mm, internal reinforcement spacing 12cm; Composite filler ratio: volcanic rock 45% (particle size 8mm), activated carbon 25% (specific surface area 1200m 2 / g), modified ceramsite 25% (porosity 48%), biochar 5% (phosphorus content 2.3%), and loaded composite bacterial community (nitrifying bacteria: denitrifying bacteria = 1:2).

[0028] Track system: 316L stainless steel guide rails are laid on the bottom of the wetland, and the driving track is equipped with an automatic correction device (positioning accuracy ±3mm).

[0029] Monitoring system: A set of sensors (DO, conductivity, pH) is arranged every 5m along the water flow direction, with a sampling frequency of 5 minutes / time.

[0030] Operation effect During the 30-day startup period, the average TN and TP concentrations in the effluent were 8.2 mg / L and 0.35 mg / L, respectively, with removal rates of 65% and 78%; The intelligent control system (random forest model) predicts that the packing life is 3.2 years (actually replaced after 3.5 years of operation), with a prediction error rate of 7.8%.

[0031] Packing replacement In the 36th month of operation, monitoring showed that the permeability coefficient had dropped by 32%, and the system automatically triggered a replacement instruction; The replacement of a single module takes 3.5 hours, and the effluent water quality returns to the design standard within 24 hours after replacement; The biofilm protection system (98% coverage of spiral nozzles) maintains 85% of the microbial activity.

[0032] Example 2: Rural non-point source pollution control project Scenario: Treatment of mixed rural domestic sewage and farmland runoff in a certain river basin, design scale 1000m 3 / d.

[0033] System innovative design Biofilm protection: Use a slow-release carbon source (sodium acetate) and trace element (Fe, Mn) nutrient solution, spraying at a flow rate of 0.5L / min when the filler is replaced; Simplified monitoring: Integrates a turbidity sensor (accuracy ±0.5 NTU) with a wireless transmission module to enable remote data collection.

[0034] Operation effect COD, NH4 + The average removal rates of -N and TP were 62%, 75%, and 70%, respectively; During the 2-year operation period, 3 partial packing replacements were triggered, each time taking ≤5 hours, and the system recovery time was ≤36 hours.

[0035] Economic Analysis The modular design reduces initial construction costs by 18% and operation and maintenance costs by 42% compared to traditional wetlands; Smart early warnings avoided two system crashes caused by heavy rains, saving economic losses of approximately 200,000 yuan.

[0036] Example 3: Industrial Park Wastewater Pretreatment Project Scenario: Comprehensive wastewater pretreatment in a chemical park, design scale 3000m 3 / d, influent COD≤500mg / L, TN≤80mg / L.

[0037] Targeted design Strengthened filler: The proportion of activated carbon in the composite filler is increased to 35%, and 5% zero-valent iron particles are added to enhance heavy metal adsorption; Operation and maintenance strategy: Perform air-water combined backwashing every week (intensity 6L / (m 2 ・s)), add special bacterial preparations (including salt-tolerant bacteria) every month.

[0038] Operation effect The system has been operating stably for 18 months, with average COD and TN removal rates of 58% and 42% respectively, and the effluent meets the park takeover standards; The monitoring system issued real-time warnings for three heavy metal exceeding standards (Cu 2+ >1mg / L), adjust the water inlet flow in time to avoid system shock.

[0039] Comparison of filler properties

[0040] Example 4: Ecological restoration project (river bypass purification) Scenario: Emergency purification of a black and smelly river in a certain city, design scale 2000m 3 / d, hydraulic retention time 6 hours.

[0041] Rapid deployment design Using a mobile track system, 500m can be completed within 72 hours 2 wetland construction; The filler module is integrated with an aeration device to maintain dissolved oxygen at 3-5 mg / L.

[0042] Repair effect After one month of operation, the river water transparency increased from 15cm to 60cm, and the dissolved oxygen level increased from 1.2mg / L to 4.5mg / L; After 6 months, the river ecosystem began to recover, with the appearance of benthic animals (such as chironomid larvae) and aquatic plants.

[0043] In summary, the present invention provides an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers and a construction method. Through modular design, the system can flexibly adjust the processing unit according to changes in water quality. The intelligent monitoring system provides real-time feedback of water quality data to provide decision support for ecological restoration.

[0044] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers, characterized in that: include: Modular packing unit: It is composed of multiple detachable packing modules. Each module contains a nested frame and a composite functional packing filled in the frame. A sieve plate with a pore size of 2-5mm is set at the bottom of the frame, and a positioning slot is set on the outside of the frame. Filler replacement track system: includes a guide rail laid at the bottom of the wetland and a driving track suspended at the top of the wetland. The guide rail and the driving track are connected by a lifting device to achieve horizontal movement and vertical lifting of the filler module; Water level control system: Integrates water level sensor, electric valve and PLC controller to lower the water level in the corresponding area to 20-30cm below the top of the packing module when the packing is replaced; Biofilm protection system: including a spraying device and a nutrient dosing device, which continuously sprays a nutrient solution containing a microbial protective agent to the module to be replaced during the filler replacement process; Monitoring and feedback system: The distributed sensor network collects the permeability coefficient, pollutant concentration and microbial activity data of the packing layer in real time and transmits it to the central control system; Intelligent control system: Based on machine learning algorithm analysis of monitoring data, when the permeability coefficient of the packing layer drops by more than 30% or the pollutant removal rate is lower than 85% of the design value, a packing replacement instruction is automatically generated.

2. The artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite functional filler is composed of the following components in weight ratio composition: Volcanic rock particles (particle size 5-10mm) 40-50%; Activated carbon (specific surface area ≥1000m 2 / g) 20-30%; Modified ceramsite (porosity ≥ 45%) 20-30%; Biochar (phosphorus content ≥ 2%) 5-10%; The surface of the filler is loaded with a composite bacterial group of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphate-accumulating bacteria.

3. The artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame of the modular packing unit is made of HDPE material with a wall thickness of 3-5 mm. The frame is provided with crisscross reinforcement ribs with a spacing of 10-15 cm.

4. The artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rails of the filler replacement track system are made of stainless steel with an anti-slip coating on the surface. The driving track is equipped with an automatic deviation correction device with a positioning accuracy of ±5mm.

5. The artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying device of the biofilm protection system adopts a spiral nozzle, the spraying coverage rate is ≥95%, and the nutrient addition device contains a slow-release carbon source and trace element supplements.

6. The artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor network of the monitoring feedback system includes: Distributed DO sensors; Conductivity sensor; pH sensor; Turbidity sensor.

7. The artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine learning algorithm of the intelligent control system adopts a random forest model to predict the service life of the packing based on historical operating data, with a prediction error rate of ≤10%.

8. The method for constructing an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step A: Excavate the wetland base and lay an anti-seepage layer using HDPE membrane, covered with a 10-15cm thick sand layer; Step B: Install the guide rail system. The guide rail spacing should match the width of the packing module with an error of ±2mm. Step C: Assemble the modular filler unit and fill the composite functional filler into the frame according to the designed proportion, with a compaction degree of 90-95%; Step D: Install the driving track and lifting device, ensuring that the horizontal deviation of the driving track is ≤3mm / m; Step E: Arrange the sensor network of the monitoring feedback system with a sensor spacing of 1-2m; Step F: Inoculate the microbial flora, start the wetland system, and gradually increase the influent load to the design value.

9. A method for replacing filler in an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable filler according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The intelligent control system determines the position of the packing module to be replaced based on the monitoring data; Step 2: The water level control system lowers the water level in the corresponding area to 20-30 cm below the top of the filler module; Step 3: Start the biofilm protection system and continuously spray the nutrient solution; Step 4: Use the lifting device to vertically lift the module to be replaced to the driving track; Step 5: Transport the new filler module along the travel track to the replacement position and vertically lower it onto the guide rail; Step 6: Restore the water level, adjust the water inlet load, and gradually resume the system operation.

10. The operation and maintenance method of an artificial ecological wetland system with replaceable fillers according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Periodic backwashing: The packing layer is backwashed with air and water every 15-30 days, with a backwashing intensity of 5-8L / (m 2 ・s), duration 10-15 minutes; Microbial enhancement: Add compound bacterial preparation once a month, with a dosage of 0.5-1kg / m 3 filler; Intelligent early warning: When monitoring data shows abnormalities, the early warning level is automatically triggered and pushed to the mobile terminal of the operation and maintenance personnel; Packing life management: Predict the remaining life of packing based on machine learning models and generate replacement plans 30 days in advance.

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