Preparation method of biological organic fertilizer and application of biological organic fertilizer in tomato cultivation

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer and application of the biological organic fertilizer in tomato cultivation, the method comprises the following steps: mixing a hermetia illucens protein solution and a fertilizer containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements, adding a bentonite-zeolite composite material to prepare the biological organic fertilizer, or adding a humic acid-cysteine complex to prepare the biological organic fertilizer, belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing. According to the invention, a polyacrylamide-bentonite and zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine double interpenetrating network structure constructed by the bentonite-zeolite composite material realizes accurate enrichment of N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements, improves the element utilization efficiency of tomato root systems, and promotes the growth of tomato seedlings; in addition, the humic acid-cysteine complex accelerates tomato coloring and improves lycopene synthesis, accurate enrichment and efficient utilization of nutrient elements can be achieved, and the yield and quality of the tomatoes are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer and its application in tomato cultivation. Background Technique

[0002] Tomatoes are highly nutritious and brightly colored, and are deeply favored by consumers. They are widely planted in the world and are one of the three major world trade vegetables, occupying an important position in the global vegetable trade. With the continuous increase in the demand for tomatoes, the total global tomato production and planting scale have been continuously expanding. Currently, China is the largest tomato-producing country in Asia and also in the world. By 2020, China's tomato production reached 65.15 million tons, approaching one-third of the global tomato production. The tomato seed industry is an important factor in the tomato industry. There are still many gaps in China's tomato seed industry. The most prominent problem is the lack of original innovation ability and few original achievements. Currently, almost all the disease-resistant genes and high-quality genes used in domestic tomato breeding are isolated from foreign varieties. In addition, current scientific research work is mainly concentrated in units such as universities and research institutes. The disconnection between science and enterprises is also a major factor affecting the development of breeding. Moreover, scientific research is fragmented, lacking a large-scale, systematic, and efficient breeding technology system, which leads to a relatively single variety of tomatoes planted in the market. In terms of production, China's overall tomato production is still at a relatively low level, especially in terms of precise fertilizer and water regulation, showing a large gap compared with foreign intensive production. With the expansion of the tomato planting area, the competition in the tomato industry is becoming increasingly fierce. Achieving a double increase in the yield and quality of tomatoes through cultivation techniques, especially nutritional management, has become the key to enhancing its market competitiveness at present. The growth cycle of tomatoes can be divided into the germination stage, seedling stage, flowering and fruit-setting stage, fruit expansion stage (swelling stage), color-changing and ripening stage (color-changing stage), and senescence stage. During the swelling stage, the potassium requirement of tomatoes surges. Potassium is used to transport nitrogen elements and promote fruit growth. However, excessive potassium application is prone to antagonism with boron and calcium, resulting in nutrient deficiency and an increased fruit cracking rate. During the color-changing stage, the proportion of nitrogen application needs to be appropriately reduced. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer (especially nitrate nitrogen) will stimulate the vegetative growth of plants, promote chlorophyll production, and at the same time inhibit the formation of lycopene, causing the fruits to turn green again. In the existing technology, high-potassium fertilizers (such as potassium sulfate) are mostly supplemented during the color-changing stage of tomatoes, but the direct promoting effect of sulfur elements on color change is not clear, resulting in a decrease in the pigment synthesis efficiency during the color-changing stage. However, the application of high potassium during the color-changing stage will inhibit the absorption and utilization of boron elements, resulting in uneven color change of tomatoes and the phenomenon of rigid fruits. In most of the existing fertilizer technologies, the growth of tomato plants and the quality of mature tomatoes are promoted by controlling the ratio of N-P2O5-K2O elements during the tomato growth cycle. However, the research on the precise and efficient promotion of tomato growth by the enrichment of N-P2O5-K2O elements during the tomato growth cycle is still shallow. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new methods to improve the fertilizer application situation for tomato growth, so as to improve the element utilization efficiency of tomato plant roots and ensure the yield and quality of tomatoes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved: Aiming at the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer and its application in tomato cultivation. In this method, black soldier fly protein liquid is first mixed with a fertilizer containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements, and then bentonite-zeolite composite material is added to make a biological organic fertilizer, or humic acid-cysteine complex can also be added to make a biological organic fertilizer, belonging to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing. In the present invention, the polyacrylamide-bentonite and zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine double interpenetrating network structure constructed by the bentonite-zeolite composite material realizes the precise enrichment of N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements, improves the element utilization efficiency of tomato roots, and promotes the growth of tomato seedlings; and the humic acid-cysteine complex accelerates tomato color change and improves the synthesis of lycopene, which can realize the precise enrichment and efficient utilization of nutrient elements, and significantly improve the yield and quality of tomatoes.

[0004] Technical solution: A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Ferment black soldier fly protein to make black soldier fly protein liquid; S2. Mix the black soldier fly protein liquid evenly with a fertilizer containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S3. Add 10-15wt% of bentonite-zeolite composite material to the mixed fertilizer solution and modulate it into a biological organic fertilizer. Further, the following steps are also included: adding humic acid-cysteine complex to make a biological organic fertilizer. Further, the conditions for the fermentation of black soldier fly protein in S1 are as follows: the inoculation amount of the strain is 0.1-0.5 wt%, the fermentation temperature is 30-40 °C, the fermentation time is 3-7 days, and the strain concentration is (1-2.5)×10 9 CFU / mL; the strain is composed of a compound of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. Further, the mass ratio of the black soldier fly protein solution to the fertilizer containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements in S2 is (3-5):(1-3). Further, the preparation method of the bentonite-zeolite composite material in S3 includes the following steps: Step 1. Stir bentonite with water to form a bentonite suspension, and then add acrylamide, crosslinking agent A and initiator for polymerization treatment to obtain a bentonite-polyacrylamide composite; Step 2. Alkaline self-assembly of dopamine solution to form a polydopamine solution. First, add nano-zeolite and pseudocrown ether and perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine composite, and then add the bentonite-polyacrylamide composite and crosslinking agent B for treatment to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Further, in Step 1, the mass concentration of the bentonite suspension is 15-25 g / L, the addition amount of acrylamide is 35-45 wt%, the addition amount of crosslinking agent A is 0.25-0.35 wt%, and the addition amount of the initiator is 0.15-0.25 wt%; the crosslinking agent A includes N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; the initiator includes ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate; the conditions for the polymerization treatment are a treatment temperature of 40-60 °C and a treatment time of 30-45 min. Further, in Step 2, the concentration of the dopamine solution is 0.5-2 mg / mL; the conditions for the alkaline self-assembly are pH 8.0-8.5, a temperature of 25-30 °C, and a time of 6-12 h; the addition amount of the nano-zeolite is 2.5-5 wt%; the addition amount of the pseudocrown ether is 1-3 wt%. Further, the ratio of the zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine composite to the bentonite-polyacrylamide composite in Step 2 is (1.5-3):(2.5-5); the crosslinking agent B includes glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol; the addition amount of the crosslinking agent B is 0.5-1.5 wt%. Further, the addition amount of the humic acid-cysteine complex in S4 is 1-3 wt%. Application of the biological organic fertilizer prepared by the method described in any one of the above in tomato cultivation. Beneficial effects: 1. The bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention adopts a bentonite-zeolite composite material, which is composed of a polyacrylamide-bentonite interpenetrating network and a zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine interpenetrating network. On the one hand, the carbonyl and amino groups of polyacrylamide form hydrogen bond interactions with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of bentonite, and the molecular chains of polyacrylamide are adsorbed on the surface of bentonite particles through van der Waals forces, forming a "bridging" structure between the particles and penetrating into the interlayer domain structure of bentonite to form an interwoven polyacrylamide-bentonite interpenetrating network. On the other hand, polydopamine is adsorbed on the surface of zeolite through van der Waals forces and π-π stacking, and its flexible chains penetrate into the zeolite pores. At the same time, the catechol and amino groups of polydopamine can form hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the zeolite surface and the oxygen atoms of the pseudocrown ether to enhance the network crosslinking degree, thus forming a tight zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine interpenetrating network. In addition, under the action of a crosslinking agent, the amino group (positive charge) of polydopamine and the negative charge on the surface of bentonite are electrostatically adsorbed, enabling the polyacrylamide-bentonite interpenetrating network and the zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine interpenetrating network to form a stable composite interpenetrating network. 2. The double interpenetrating network in the bentonite-zeolite composite material adopted by the present invention accomplishes the enrichment of N-P2O5-K2O-S elements. On the one hand, the polyacrylamide-bentonite interpenetrating network forms an S-N element enrichment network: the positive charge in the interlayer domain of bentonite enriches SO4 2- -S and NO3 - -N through electrostatic adsorption, and its silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure repels competing anions (PO4 3- ). On the other hand, the zeolite-pseudocrown ether-polydopamine interpenetrating network forms an N-P2O5-K2O element enrichment network: the pore size of zeolite can preferentially adsorb NH4 + -N through the molecular sieve effect; the cavity size of the pseudocrown ether precisely matches the ionic radius of K + to form geometric complementarity, and at the same time, a stable coordination effect is constructed by means of the dipole-ion electrostatic interaction of the ether oxygen atoms to achieve the enrichment of potassium elements; the catechol groups contained in polydopamine preferentially bind to PO4 3- -P through hydrogen bond and metal coordination effects to achieve the enrichment of phosphorus elements; thus achieving the purpose of element enrichment in structural partitions and efficient and precise delivery. 3. The bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can also add a humic acid-cysteine complex. The carboxyl group of humic acid can form a coordination effect with the amino group of cysteine to generate a humic acid-cysteine complex. On the one hand, it enhances the root activity of tomato plants, improves the activity of H+-ATPase and chelates key elements, and participates in regulating the activity of cell wall loosening enzymes and the release of cell wall loosening factors, promoting cell division and expansion of tomato fruits. On the other hand, it can promote the conduction of ethylene signals, activate the activity of lycopene synthase, and at the same time improve the biological utilization rate of sulfur elements, thereby promoting the synthesis of lycopene and accelerating color conversion. 4. The bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can achieve the enrichment of N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements, improve the element utilization efficiency during the growth of tomatoes, and thus better promote the growth of tomatoes. In addition, it can also specifically promote the fruit swelling and color turning of tomatoes in different growth cycles, which is beneficial to the growth and cultivation of tomatoes, ensure the good quality of ripe tomatoes, and provide technical support and practical basis for the fertilizers used in tomato cultivation. Description of the Drawings Figure 1 Shows the growth status of tomatoes at different growth stages during the cultivation period; Figure 2 Shows the plant heights of tomatoes at different growth stages during the cultivation periods of 10 groups of examples, 2 groups of comparative examples and 3 groups of comparative examples; Figure 3 Shows the stem diameters of tomatoes at different growth stages during the cultivation periods of 10 groups of examples, 2 groups of comparative examples and 3 groups of comparative examples; Figure 4 Shows the plant heights of tomatoes at different growth stages during the cultivation periods of 12 groups of examples, 4 groups of comparative examples and 5 groups of comparative examples; Figure 5 Shows the stem diameters of tomatoes at different growth stages during the cultivation periods of 12 groups of examples, 4 groups of comparative examples and 5 groups of comparative examples; Figure 6 Shows the yields, yields per plant and single fruit weights of tomatoes in 10 groups of examples and 2 - 5 groups of comparative examples; Figure 7 Shows the nitrates and nitrites of tomatoes in 10 groups of examples and 2 - 5 groups of comparative examples; Figure 8 Shows the soluble proteins, organic acids and soluble sugars of tomatoes in 10 groups of examples and 2 - 5 groups of comparative examples; Figure 9 Shows the vitamin C and sugar - acid ratio of tomatoes in 10 groups of examples and 2 - 5 groups of comparative examples, where A represents vitamin C and B represents the sugar - acid ratio. Detailed Embodiments The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The following embodiments are explanations of the present invention and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments: Embodiment 1 A preparation method of a bentonite - zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Add water to bentonite and stir evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 20 g / L. Then add 40 g of acrylamide, 0.3 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide and 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate, and carry out polymerization treatment at 40 °C for 30 min, and purify to obtain a bentonite - polyacrylamide composite; Step 2. A dopamine solution with a concentration of 1.5 mg / mL is treated at pH 8.0 and 25 °C for 6 h to form a polydopamine solution. First, 3.5 g of nanozeolite and 2 g of bisazacrown ether PACE are added and ultrasonically treated to obtain a zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite; Step 3. 25 g of the zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite, 40 g of the bentonite-polyacrylamide composite, and 0.5 g of glutaraldehyde are mixed evenly and treated at room temperature to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Example 2 A preparation method of a bentonite-zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Bentonite is added with water and stirred evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 25 g / L. Then, 40 g of acrylamide, 0.25 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide, and 0.25 g of ammonium persulfate are added, and polymerization treatment is carried out at 40 °C for 30 min, and purification is carried out to obtain a bentonite-polyacrylamide composite; Step 2. A dopamine solution with a concentration of 1.5 mg / mL is treated at pH 8.0 and 25 °C for 6 h to form a polydopamine solution. First, 3.5 g of nanozeolite and 2 g of bisazacrown ether PACE are added and ultrasonically treated to obtain a zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite; Step 3. 25 g of the zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite, 40 g of the bentonite-polyacrylamide composite, and 0.5 g of glutaraldehyde are mixed evenly and treated at room temperature to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Example 3 A preparation method of a bentonite-zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Bentonite is added with water and stirred evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 20 g / L. Then, 45 g of acrylamide, 0.3 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide, and 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate are added, and polymerization treatment is carried out at 40 °C for 30 min, and purification is carried out to obtain a bentonite-polyacrylamide composite; Step 2. A dopamine solution with a concentration of 1.5 mg / mL is treated at pH 8.0 and 25 °C for 6 h to form a polydopamine solution. First, 3.5 g of nanozeolite and 2 g of bisazacrown ether PACE are added and ultrasonically treated to obtain a zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite; Step 3. 25 g of the zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite, 40 g of the bentonite-polyacrylamide composite, and 0.5 g of glutaraldehyde are mixed evenly and treated at room temperature to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Example 4 A preparation method of a bentonite-zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Add water to bentonite and stir evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 20 g / L. Then add 40 g of acrylamide, 0.3 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide, and 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate, and carry out polymerization treatment at 40 °C for 30 min. After purification, a bentonite-polyacrylamide composite is obtained; Step 2. A dopamine solution with a concentration of 2.0 mg / mL is treated at pH 8.0 and 25 °C for 6 h to form a polydopamine solution. First, add 3.5 g of nanozeolite and 2 g of diaza-crown ether PACE, and carry out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite; Step 3. Mix 25 g of the zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite, 40 g of the bentonite-polyacrylamide composite, and 0.5 g of glutaraldehyde evenly, and carry out treatment at room temperature to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Example 5 A preparation method of a bentonite-zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Add water to bentonite and stir evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 20 g / L. Then add 40 g of acrylamide, 0.3 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide, and 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate, and carry out polymerization treatment at 40 °C for 30 min. After purification, a bentonite-polyacrylamide composite is obtained; Step 2. A dopamine solution with a concentration of 2.0 mg / mL is treated at pH 8.0 and 25 °C for 6 h to form a polydopamine solution. First, add 5.0 g of nanozeolite and 2 g of diaza-crown ether PACE, and carry out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite; Step 3. Mix 25 g of the zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite, 40 g of the bentonite-polyacrylamide composite, and 0.5 g of glutaraldehyde evenly, and carry out treatment at room temperature to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Example 6 A preparation method of a bentonite-zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Add water to bentonite and stir evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 20 g / L. Then add 40 g of acrylamide, 0.3 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide, and 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate, and carry out polymerization treatment at 40 °C for 30 min. After purification, a bentonite-polyacrylamide composite is obtained; Step 2. A dopamine solution with a concentration of 2.0 mg / mL is treated at pH 8.0 and 25 °C for 6 h to form a polydopamine solution. First, add 3.5 g of nanozeolite and 3 g of diaza-crown ether PACE, and carry out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a zeolite-crown ether-polydopamine composite; Step 3. Mix 25 g of zeolite-pseudocrown ether-poly(dopamine) composite, 40 g of bentonite-polyacrylamide composite, and 0.5 g of glutaraldehyde evenly, and treat them at room temperature to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Example 7 A preparation method of a bentonite-zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Stir bentonite with water evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 20 g / L, then add 40 g of acrylamide, 0.3 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide, and 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate, and carry out polymerization treatment at 40 °C for 30 min, and purify to obtain a bentonite-polyacrylamide composite; Step 2. Treat a dopamine solution with a concentration of 2.0 mg / mL at pH 8.0 and 25 °C for 6 h to form a poly(dopamine) solution, first add 3.5 g of nanozeolite and 2 g of diaza-pseudocrown ether PACE, and carry out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a zeolite-pseudocrown ether-poly(dopamine) composite; Step 3. Mix 20 g of zeolite-pseudocrown ether-poly(dopamine) composite, 30 g of bentonite-polyacrylamide composite, and 0.5 g of glutaraldehyde evenly, and treat them at room temperature to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that a one-step synthesis method is adopted and dopamine is not added. A preparation method of a bentonite-zeolite composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Stir bentonite with water evenly to form a bentonite suspension with a mass concentration of 20 g / L, then add 40 g of acrylamide, 0.3 g of N,N'-dimethylbisacrylamide, and 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate, and carry out polymerization treatment at 40 °C for 30 min; then add 3.5 g of nanozeolite and 2 g of diaza-pseudocrown ether PACE, and carry out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a bentonite-zeolite composite material. Physical and chemical indexes (1) N / P2O5 / K2O / S enrichment index Immerse the bentonite-zeolite composite materials prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Example 1 in an original solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements, let them stand at room temperature for 2 h, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 5 min, take the supernatant, determine the nitrogen element content in the supernatant by the Kjeldahl method, determine the phosphorus element content in the supernatant by the vanadium molybdate yellow colorimetric method, determine the potassium element content in the supernatant by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method, and determine the sulfur element content in the supernatant by the barium sulfate gravimetric method; according to the ratio of N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements contained in the bentonite-zeolite composite material to the N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements contained in the original solution, analyze the enrichment performance of the bentonite-zeolite composite material for N / P / K / S elements. Table 1 Enrichment Index of N / P2O5 / K2O / S in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Example 1 As can be seen from Table 1, the enrichment index of N / P2O5 / K2O / S in the bentonite-zeolite composites prepared in Examples 1-7 is higher than that in Comparative Example 1. In particular, Example 4 has the best enrichment effect on N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements. In Comparative Example 1, the bentonite-zeolite composite is synthesized by a one-step method without using the composite interpenetrating network to partition and enrich N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements. The filling of nano-zeolite and pseudo-crown ether will affect the enrichment of N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements in the bentonite-zeolite composite. In addition, without using the polydopamine network generated by the self-polymerization of dopamine, the bentonite-zeolite composite fails to enrich phosphorus elements, thus affecting its use in subsequent bio-organic fertilizers and reducing the element utilization effect during tomato cultivation. Example 8 A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein and 900 mL of water evenly to make a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a composite bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL) and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to make a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plowsol A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plowsol B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to make a fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements; S3. Mix 400 mL of the black soldier fly protein solution and 200 mL of the fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements evenly to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S4. Add 60 g of the bentonite-zeolite composite prepared in Example 4 to the mixed fertilizer solution to make a bio-organic fertilizer. Example 9 A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein and 900 mL of water evenly to make a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a composite bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL) and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to make a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plowsol A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plowsol B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to make a fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements; S3. Mix 600 mL of black soldier fly protein solution evenly with 200 mL of fertilizer solution containing N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S elements to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S4. Add 80 g of the bentonite-zeolite composite material prepared in Example 4 to the mixed fertilizer solution to make a bio-organic fertilizer. Example 10 A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein evenly with 900 mL of water to make a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a complex bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL) and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to make a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plowsol A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plowsol B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to make a fertilizer solution containing N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S elements; S3. Mix 500 mL of black soldier fly protein solution evenly with 300 mL of fertilizer solution containing N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S elements to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S4. Add 80 g of the bentonite-zeolite composite material prepared in Example 4 to the mixed fertilizer solution to make a bio-organic fertilizer. Example 11 A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein evenly with 900 mL of water to make a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a complex bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL) and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to make a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plowsol A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plowsol B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to make a fertilizer solution containing N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S elements; S3. Mix 500 mL of black soldier fly protein solution evenly with 300 mL of fertilizer solution containing N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S elements to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S4. Add 120 g of the bentonite-zeolite composite material prepared in Example 4 to the mixed fertilizer solution to make a bio-organic fertilizer. Example 12 A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein evenly with 900 mL of water to make a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a complex bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL) and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to make a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plushou A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plushou B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to prepare a fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements; S3. Mix 500 mL of black soldier fly protein solution with 300 mL of the fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements evenly to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S4. Add 80 g of the bentonite-zeolite composite material prepared in Example 4 and 12 g of the humic acid-cysteine complex to the mixed fertilizer solution to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer. Performance test (1) pH and EC values Measure the pH and EC values of the bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 8 - 12, using a conductivity meter and a pH meter respectively. Table 2 pH and EC values of the bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 8 - 12 pH EC value (mS / cm) Example 8 5.77 2.55 Example 9 5.78 2.54 Example 10 5.81 2.67 Example 11 5.75 2.59 Example 12 5.71 2.72 As can be seen from Table 2, the pH and EC values of the bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 8 - 12 are both within the range specified by the relevant standards of the tomato cultivation technical regulations (pH 5.5 - 6.5, EC value 2.5 - 3.5 mS / cm), and the change in the addition amount of the bentonite-zeolite composite material and the humic acid-cysteine complex has little impact on Examples 8 - 12. Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 10 is that the bentonite-zeolite composite material prepared in Example 4 is not added. A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein and 900 mL of water evenly to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a composite bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL) and ferment at 37°C for 5 days to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plushou A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plushou B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to prepare a fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements; S3. Mix 500 mL of the black soldier fly protein solution with 300 mL of the fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements evenly to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer. Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 10 is that the bentonite-zeolite composite material prepared in Comparative Example 1 is used. A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein with 900 mL of water evenly to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a composite bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL), and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plusi A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plusi B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to prepare a fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements; S3. Mix 500 mL of the black soldier fly protein solution with 300 mL of the fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements evenly to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S4. Add 80 g of the bentonite-zeolite composite material prepared in Comparative Example 1 to the mixed fertilizer solution to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer. Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 12 is that the humic acid-cysteine complex is replaced with humic acid, and the bentonite-zeolite composite material is not added. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein with 900 mL of water evenly to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a composite bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL), and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plusi A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plusi B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to prepare a fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements; S3. Mix 500 mL of the black soldier fly protein solution with 300 mL of the fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements evenly to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; then add 12 g of humic acid to the mixed fertilizer solution to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer. Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 12 is that the humic acid-cysteine complex is replaced with cysteine, and the bentonite-zeolite composite material is not added. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix 100 g of black soldier fly protein with 900 mL of water evenly to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution, inoculate 25 mL of a composite bacterial solution (bacterial concentration is 2×10 9 CFU / mL), and ferment at 37 °C for 5 days to prepare a black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Weigh 1250 g of Plusi A fertilizer and 1250 g of Plusi B fertilizer, add them to 1000 L of water and dissolve evenly to prepare a fertilizer solution containing N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements; S3. Mix 500 mL of black soldier fly protein solution evenly with 300 mL of fertilizer solution containing N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S elements to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; then add 12 g of cysteine to the mixed fertilizer solution to make a bio-organic fertilizer. Performance test (1) Tomato cultivation test of the bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Example 10, Example 12 and Comparative Examples 2 - 5 Conduct a tomato cultivation test using the bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Example 10, Example 12 and Comparative Examples 2 - 5. The planting method is ground-supported substrate cultivation, the cultivation substrate is sandy soil, the water source for the test is rainwater collected from an open reservoir, the EC value of the water is 0.50 mS / cm, and the pH value is 7.43. The daily fertilization and watering of tomatoes are carried out using an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine. The tomato fertilization plan is shown in Table 3 and Table 4. Table 3 Application rates of bio-organic fertilizers for tomatoes at different stages Table 4 Fertilizers used for fertilizing tomatoes at different growth cycles in each treatment group Note: The preparation method of the conventional formula fertilizer is: Weigh 625 g of Ploshou A fertilizer and 625 g of Ploshou B fertilizer and dissolve them in 1 m 3 of water for preparation. Analyze the effects of the bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Example 10, Example 12 and Comparative Examples 2 - 5 on the growth stage of tomatoes, as follows: ① Measurement of the plant height and stem diameter of tomato plants: Use a tape measure to measure the height from the base of the tomato stem to the growth point as the plant height, and use a vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the tomato plant about 1 cm above the cotyledon node as the stem diameter; ② Measurement of tomato yield: Pick tomatoes at the mature stage, record the number of fruits per plant of tomatoes, weigh the weight of a single fruit with an electronic balance, and calculate the total yield and yield per plant; ③ Measurement of tomato fruit quality: Use the salicylic acid - concentrated sulfuric acid and ultraviolet spectrophotometer method to measure the nitrate content of tomato fruits, use the borax - zinc acetate and ultraviolet spectrophotometer method to measure the nitrite content of tomato fruits, use the 2,6 - dichlorophenol indophenol method to measure the vitamin C content of tomato fruits, use the Coomassie brilliant blue G - 250 method to measure the soluble protein content, use the anthrone colorimetric method to measure the soluble sugar content, and use the alkali titration method to measure the organic acid content; ④ Shelf life determination: Select 10 samples for the control group and each treatment group, directly store them at room temperature for 20 days after harvest, and then use the 10 - point method to evaluate the degree of tomato rot (i.e., shelf life), where 1 represents very bad and 10 represents very fresh. Table 5 Shelf life scores of tomatoes in the control group and each treatment group Group Tomato shelf life score (points) Control group 4.68 Example 10 group 7.32 Example 12 group 7.69 Comparative example 2 group 5.39 Comparative example 3 group 6.26 Comparative example 4 group 6.04 Comparative example 5 group 5.75 The growth conditions of tomatoes during the flowering and fruit - setting period, fruit - swelling period, initial color - turning period, and late color - turning period during tomato cultivation are as Figure 1 shown. From Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 it can be seen that during tomato cultivation, the plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes in the control group and each treatment group showed an upward trend with the extension of growth time. Moreover, the plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes cultivated in Example 10 group were higher than those in Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 groups, and the plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes cultivated in Example 12 group were higher than those in Comparative Example 4 and 5 groups, indicating that the double - interpenetrating network constructed by adding bentonite - zeolite composite material to bio - organic fertilizer can enrich N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements in different zones, improve the absorption and utilization of N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements by tomato roots, and thus promote tomato growth. From Figure 6 it can be seen that the tomato yield, yield per plant, and single - fruit weight of Example 10 group and Example 12 group were higher than those of the control group and Comparative Example 2 - 5 groups, indicating that the bentonite - zeolite composite material enriches N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements in different zones, promotes the growth of tomato plants, and thus increases the tomato yield. In addition, the humic acid - cysteine complex can significantly promote the secretion of cell - wall - loosening factors and stimulate the activity of related cell - wall - loosening enzymes, accelerating the fruit swelling of tomato young fruits, and thus increasing the yield of tomato cultivation and the weight of tomato fruits. From Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 it can be seen that the nitrate content and nitrite content of tomatoes in the control group and each treatment group were within the limit values. Moreover, the nitrate content and nitrite content of tomatoes treated in Example 10 group and Example 12 group were relatively low, while the soluble sugar, soluble protein, organic acid, and vitamin C were relatively high. And as can be seen from Table 5, the tomato shelf - life scores of Example 10 group and Example 12 group were higher than those of Comparative Example 2 - 5 groups, indicating that the double - interpenetrating network constructed by bentonite - zeolite composite material realizes the enrichment of N / P2O5 / K2O / S elements in bio - organic fertilizer, improves the utilization efficiency of elements by tomato plant roots, promotes the growth of tomato seedlings and flowering and fruit - setting; in addition, the humic acid - cysteine complex in bio - organic fertilizer, on the one hand, can promote the fruit swelling of tomatoes during the fruit - swelling period, and on the other hand, can promote the ethylene signal transduction of tomato plants during the color - turning period of tomato cultivation, activate the activity of lycopene synthase, and at the same time improve the biological utilization rate of sulfur element, thus promoting the synthesis of lycopene, accelerating color - turning, and enabling ripe tomatoes to have good quality. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any formal limitations on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the spirit and technical solution of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Ferment black soldier fly protein to make black soldier fly protein solution; S2. Mix the black soldier fly protein solution evenly with a fertilizer containing elements of N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S to obtain a mixed fertilizer solution; S3. Add 10 - 15wt% bentonite - zeolite composite material to the mixed fertilizer solution and modulate it into a bio - organic fertilizer.

2. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Add humic acid - cysteine complex to make a bio - organic fertilizer.

3. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions for black soldier fly protein fermentation in S1 are as follows: the inoculation amount of the strain is 0.1-0.5 wt%, the fermentation temperature is 30-40 °C, the fermentation time is 3-7 days, and the strain concentration is (1-2.5)×10 9 CFU / mL; the strain is composed of a compound of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger.

4. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the said S2, the mass ratio of the protein solution to the fertilizer containing elements of N / P₂O₅ / K₂O / S is (3 - 5):(1 - 3).

5. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, The preparation method of the bentonite - zeolite composite material in the said S3 includes the following steps: Step 1. Stir bentonite evenly with water to form a bentonite suspension, and then add acrylamide, cross - linker A and initiator for polymerization treatment to obtain a bentonite - polyacrylamide composite; Step 2. Self - assemble dopamine solution under alkaline conditions to form a polydopamine solution. First, add nano - zeolite and pseudocrown ether and perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain a zeolite - pseudocrown ether - polydopamine composite, and then add the bentonite - polyacrylamide composite and cross - linker B for treatment to obtain a bentonite - zeolite composite material.

6. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the said Step 1, the mass concentration of the bentonite suspension is 15 - 25g / L, the addition amount of acrylamide is 35 - 45wt%, the addition amount of cross - linker A is 0.25 - 0.35wt%, and the addition amount of initiator is 0.15 - 0.25wt%; the cross - linker A includes N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; the initiator includes ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate; the conditions of the polymerization treatment are treatment temperature 40 - 60°C and treatment time 30 - 45min.

7. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the said Step 2, the concentration of the dopamine solution is 0.5 - 2mg / mL; the conditions of the alkaline self - assembly are pH 8.0 - 8.5, temperature 25 - 30°C, and time 6 - 12h; the addition amount of nano - zeolite is 2.5 - 5wt%; the addition amount of pseudocrown ether is 1 - 3wt%.

8. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the said Step 2, the ratio of the zeolite - pseudocrown ether - polydopamine composite to the bentonite - polyacrylamide composite is (1.5 - 3):(2.5 - 5); the cross - linker B includes glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol; the addition amount of the cross - linker B is 0.5 - 1.5wt%.

9. The preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the said S4, the addition amount of the humic acid - cysteine complex is 1 - 3wt%.

10. Application of the bio - organic fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 - 9 in tomato cultivation.

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