Explosive cover hole opening series follow-up digging device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of mining machinery technology, and in particular to explosive excavation devices, specifically an explosive overburden hole-opening and serially advancing pit-digger, comprising a first cabin, a second cabin, a third cabin, and a fourth cabin connected in sequence from front to back. The first cabin has a first explosion-proof device at the rear end thereof, and the first cabin has overburden hole-digger explosives and a first fuze inside. The second cabin has a charge liner, a shaped charge, and a shaped charge fuze inside. The third cabin has a second explosion-proof device inside. The fourth cabin has a follow-up projectile. The present invention is composed of four cabins, which allows sufficient space for the multi-stage shaped charge to form, and the follow-up projectile of the subsequent stage is not affected by the detonation of the previous stage. The present invention combines the characteristics of the projectile penetrating the overburden and rock mass to achieve continuous operations of opening holes in the overburden and blasting and digging holes in the rock mass, ultimately achieving efficient penetration of the rock mass and implementing blasting and digging holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining machinery, in particular to a blasting excavation device, in particular to a blasting overburden hole opening and serially advancing excavator. Background Art

[0002] When mining, large-scale power machinery or explosive boring equipment is usually used to dig pits. Explosive boring equipment is often used in mining environments where large equipment cannot enter the site. Because there is often an overburden layer on the surface of the mine, and some overburden layers are quite thick, in order to obtain a larger pit opening in the rock mass, the explosive boring equipment must first clear the overburden layer on the rock mass or drill a hole in the overburden layer, then drill a hole in the rock mass, and finally send the explosive equipment into the hole to blast. In mining environments where large-scale power machinery cannot enter the site, clearing the overburden layer is obviously also mainly done by manpower. Thick overburden layers consume a lot of manpower and material resources; similar problems also exist when drilling deep holes in thick overburden layers. Based on the above considerations, in order to save labor and improve efficiency, it is necessary to develop a new method of digging pits to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the problems pointed out in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a blasting-type covering layer hole opening and serial follow-up digging device, which adopts multi-stage charging and multi-stage cabin, combined with the process characteristics of projectile penetration of covering layer and rock mass, to realize the continuous operation of opening holes in covering layer and blasting and digging holes in rock mass, and finally achieve efficient penetration of rock mass and implementation of blasting and digging holes.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] An explosive cover hole opening and follow-up excavator comprises a first cabin, a second cabin, a third cabin, and a fourth cabin connected in sequence from front to back. A first explosion-proof device is provided at the rear end of the first cabin, which separates the inner cavity of the first cabin from the inner cavity of the second cabin. A cover hole opening explosive and a first fuse are provided inside the first cabin. After the first cabin drills into the cover, the first fuse is detonated to detonate the cover hole opening explosive, thereby blasting the cover to form a cavity.

[0006] A locator is provided at the rear end of the second cabin, which separates the inner cavity of the second cabin from the inner cavity of the third cabin; a liner, a shaped charge, and a shaped charge fuze are provided inside the second cabin. After the first cabin blasts the covering layer to form a cavity, the shaped charge fuze is detonated to detonate the shaped charge, and the blast wave squeezes the liner and the first explosion-proof device to form a secondary shaped charge penetrator to damage the hard rock and soil layer;

[0007] The third cabin is provided with a second explosion-proof device, the rear end of the second explosion-proof device is provided with an explosion-proof inner cabin, and the rear end of the explosion-proof inner cabin extends to the interior of the fourth cabin;

[0008] The fourth cabin is provided with a follow-up projectile, the front end of which is connected to the rear end of the explosion-proof inner cabin. After the shaped-charge penetrator penetrates and damages the hard rock and soil layer, the follow-up projectile squeezes the explosion-proof inner cabin and the second explosion-proof device to form a three-level shaped-charge penetrator that penetrates the hard rock and soil layer again. The follow-up projectile explodes to form a penetration pit.

[0009] The first cabin includes a first tube body, a transition tube body and a front cover. The first tube body is a circular tubular structure with openings at both ends. The front end opening of the first tube body is closed by the front cover, and the rear end is connected to the front end of the transition tube body. The rear end of the transition tube body is connected to the second cabin. The first explosion-proof device is arranged in the transition tube body, and the first explosion-proof device closes the rear end opening of the first tube body; the covering layer pit-opening explosive is filled in the front end of the first tube body, the first fuse is arranged at the tail end of the covering layer pit-opening explosive, and a filler is provided between the covering layer pit-opening explosive and the first explosion-proof device.

[0010] The transition tube body is a tapered tube structure as a whole, and its front end outer diameter is smaller than the rear end outer diameter; the first explosion-proof device is a tapered shell structure with an open rear end as a whole, and the outer surface of the first explosion-proof device is adapted to the inner wall surface of the transition tube body.

[0011] The second cabin body is a tubular structure with openings at both ends. The front end of the second cabin body is connected to the first cabin body, and the rear end is connected to the third cabin body. The charge liner is arranged at the front end inside the second cabin body. The charge liner is a shell structure with an open front end, and the charge liner and the first explosion-proof device form a closed shell. The closed shell closes the front end opening of the second cabin body, and the positioner closes the rear end opening of the second cabin body. The shaped charge is filled inside the second cabin body, and the shaped charge fuze is arranged at the tail end of the shaped charge.

[0012] The shaped charge includes a shaped charge main charge, a shaped charge partition and a shaped charge auxiliary charge. The shaped charge auxiliary charge is arranged on the front end surface of the positioner, the shaped charge main charge is filled between the charge liner and the shaped charge auxiliary charge, and the shaped charge partition is arranged between the shaped charge main charge and the shaped charge auxiliary charge; the shaped charge fuze is arranged in the middle of the tail end of the shaped charge auxiliary charge.

[0013] The shaped charge partition is a disc-shaped structure with a conical boss on its front end surface, and the top angle of the conical boss faces the rear end center of the first cabin.

[0014] The third cabin body is a circular tubular structure with openings at both ends, the front end of the third cabin body is connected to the second cabin body, and the rear end is connected to the fourth cabin body; the second explosion-proof device is a conical shell structure with an opening at the rear end, the front end of which abuts against the middle of the rear end surface of the locator, and the rear end is connected to the inner wall of the third cabin body; the explosion-proof inner cabin is a conical tube structure as a whole, the outer diameter of the front end is larger than the outer diameter of the rear end, the front end of the explosion-proof inner cabin is docked with the rear end of the second explosion-proof device, and the rear end pipe mouth of the explosion-proof inner cabin is docked with the incoming projectile.

[0015] The fourth cabin body as a whole is a tubular structure with an open front end, and the rear end of the fourth cabin body is closed. A support sleeve with an open front end is provided inside the fourth cabin body. The support sleeve is arranged in the middle of the tube cavity of the fourth cabin body through a support frame, and the rear end of the support sleeve is closed; the rear end of the following projectile is inserted into the inside of the support sleeve, and the front end of the following projectile is inserted into the rear end pipe opening of the explosion-proof inner cabin.

[0016] The following projectile includes a projectile shell, a buffer layer, a projectile charge, a projectile fuze and a projectile base. The buffer layer is filled in the front end of the projectile shell, the projectile base is fixedly connected to the rear end of the projectile shell, the projectile charge is filled between the buffer layer and the projectile base, and the projectile fuze is arranged in the middle of the rear end of the projectile charge; the front end of the projectile shell has an outer conical surface, and the rear end pipe mouth of the explosion-proof inner cabin is sleeved on the outer conical surface of the front end of the projectile shell.

[0017] The supporting sleeve, the following projectile and the fourth cabin are coaxial.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is composed of four-stage cabins, so that there is enough space for multi-stage focused jets to form, and the subsequent following projectiles are not affected by the detonation of the previous stage, and the cabins of each stage can be connected by threaded connections; the first cabin is detonated by the built-in charge to open a hole in the covering layer to form a cavity, thereby avoiding obstruction to subsequent jets and following projectiles; the subsequent cabins are all detonated inside the covering layer, forming focused jets step by step, avoiding the problem that the jet is broken before penetrating and damaging the hard rock due to the existence of the covering layer, and cannot form effective damage, and finally achieving efficient penetration of the rock mass and implementation of blasting and digging pits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1-front cover, 2-soil layer crater explosive, 3-first tube body, 4-first fuze, 5-filler, 6-first explosion-proof device, 7-charge liner, 8-shaped charge main charge, 9-shaped charge partition, 10-shaped charge secondary charge, 11-second cabin, 12-shaped charge fuze, 13-locator, 14-second explosion-proof device, 15-explosion-proof inner cabin, 16-gasket, 17-projectile shell, 18-buffer layer, 19-projectile charge, 20-support frame, 21-support sleeve, 22-projectile fuze, 23-base, 24-fourth cabin, 25-third cabin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of this specification. It should be noted that the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention first proposes an explosive-type soil covering layer opening serial follow-up digging device, including a first cabin, a second cabin 11, a third cabin 25 and a fourth cabin 24 connected in sequence from front to back, a first explosion-proof device 6 is provided at the rear end of the first cabin, the first explosion-proof device 6 separates the inner cavity of the first cabin from the inner cavity of the second cabin 11, a soil covering layer opening explosive 2 and a first fuze 4 are provided inside the first cabin, after the first cabin drills into the soil covering layer, the first fuze 4 is detonated to detonate the soil covering layer opening explosive 2, and the soil covering layer is blasted to form a cavity; a positioner 13 is provided at the rear end of the second cabin 11, the positioner 13 separates the inner cavity of the second cabin 11 from the inner cavity of the third cabin 25; a charge cap 7, a shaped charge and a shaped charge are provided inside the second cabin 11. The explosive fuze 12 detonates the shaped charge fuze 12 after the first cabin blasts the covering layer to form a cavity, and the shaped charge is detonated. The explosion wave squeezes the charge cap 7 and the first explosion-proof device 6 to form a secondary shaped charge penetrator to damage the hard rock and soil layer; the third cabin 25 is provided with a second explosion-proof device 14, and the rear end of the second explosion-proof device 14 is provided with a explosion-proof inner cabin 15, and the rear end of the explosion-proof inner cabin 15 extends to the interior of the fourth cabin 24; the fourth cabin 24 is provided with a follow-up projectile, and the front end of the follow-up projectile is docked with the rear end of the explosion-proof inner cabin 15. After the shaped charge penetrator penetrates and damages the hard rock and soil layer, the follow-up projectile squeezes the explosion-proof inner cabin 15 and the second explosion-proof device 14 to form a tertiary shaped charge penetrator to penetrate the hard rock and soil layer again, and the follow-up projectile explodes to form a penetration pit.

[0023] The explosive-type overburden hole-opening, serially coupled, follow-up cratering device provided by the present invention is generally bullet-shaped and can be deployed via a booster or aircraft to generate a certain initial kinetic energy. Both the first fuze 4 and the shaped charge fuze 12 are intelligent fuzes, as is the follow-up projectile. After the cratering device penetrates the overburden, three levels of penetration are achieved by sequentially activating the first fuze 4, the shaped charge fuze 12, and the intelligent fuze within the follow-up projectile. Ultimately, the follow-up projectile explodes to form a penetration crater. The method for generating initial kinetic energy for the explosive-type overburden hole-opening, serially coupled, follow-up cratering device is prior art, as is the intelligent fuze, and will not be further described.

[0024] The specific principle of the present invention is as follows: the first cabin detonates after invading the covering layer on the surface of the hard rock mass, damaging the covering layer and forming a cavity, which is conducive to the formation of the shaped jet; after the secondary shaped penetrator passes through the cavity opened by the first cabin in the covering layer, it damages the hard rock mass to form a pre-opening, and weakens the rock mass strength around the pre-opening, which is conducive to the penetration of the subsequent follow-up projectile; the subsequent follow-up projectile passes through the cavity of the covering layer, and penetrates deeper into the hard rock mass along the pre-opening left by the secondary shaped penetrator in damaging the hard rock mass, finally completing efficient damage and forming a penetration pit.

[0025] The first cabin includes a first tube body 3, a transition tube body and a front cover 1. The first tube body 3 is a circular tubular structure with openings at both ends. The front end opening of the first tube body 3 is closed by the front cover 1, and the rear end is connected to the front end of the transition tube body. The rear end of the transition tube body is connected to the second cabin 11. The first explosion-proof device 6 is arranged in the transition tube body, and the first explosion-proof device 6 closes the rear end opening of the first tube body 3; the covering layer pit excavation explosive 2 is filled in the front end of the first tube body 3, the first fuse 4 is arranged at the tail end of the covering layer pit excavation explosive 2, and a filler 5 is provided between the covering layer pit excavation explosive 2 and the first explosion-proof device 6.

[0026] The transition tube body is a tapered tube structure as a whole, and its front end outer diameter is smaller than the rear end outer diameter; the first explosion-proof device 6 is a tapered shell structure with an open rear end, and the outer surface of the first explosion-proof device 6 is adapted to the inner wall surface of the transition tube body.

[0027] The second cabin body 11 is a tubular structure with two ends open as a whole. The front end of the second cabin body 11 is connected to the first cabin body, and the rear end is connected to the third cabin body 25. The charge liner 7 is arranged at the front end inside the second cabin body 11. The charge liner 7 is a shell structure with an open front end as a whole, and the charge liner 7 and the first explosion-proof device 6 form a closed shell. The closed shell closes the front end opening of the second cabin body 11, and the positioner 13 closes the rear end opening of the second cabin body 11. The shaped charge is filled inside the second cabin body 11, and the shaped charge fuze 12 is arranged at the tail end of the shaped charge.

[0028] The shaped charge includes a shaped charge main charge 8, a shaped charge partition 9 and a shaped charge auxiliary charge 10. The shaped charge auxiliary charge 10 is arranged on the front end surface of the positioner 13. The shaped charge main charge 8 is filled between the charge cap 7 and the shaped charge auxiliary charge 10. The shaped charge partition 9 is arranged between the shaped charge main charge 8 and the shaped charge auxiliary charge 10. The shaped charge fuze 12 is arranged in the middle of the tail end of the shaped charge auxiliary charge 10.

[0029] The shaped charge partition 9 is a disc-shaped structure with a conical boss on its front end surface, and the top corner of the conical boss faces the rear end center of the first cabin.

[0030] The third cabin body 25 is a circular tubular structure with openings at both ends. The front end of the third cabin body 25 is connected to the second cabin body 11, and the rear end is connected to the fourth cabin body 24. The second explosion-proof device 14 is a conical shell structure with an open rear end. Its front end abuts against the middle of the rear end surface of the locator 13, and the rear end is connected to the inner wall of the third cabin body 25. The explosion-proof inner cabin 15 is a conical tube structure with a front end outer diameter greater than a rear end outer diameter. The front end of the explosion-proof inner cabin 15 is docked with the rear end of the second explosion-proof device 14, and the rear end pipe mouth of the explosion-proof inner cabin 15 is docked with the incoming projectile.

[0031] The fourth chamber 24 is a tubular structure with an open front end. The rear end of the fourth chamber 24 is closed. A support sleeve 21 with an open front end is located within the fourth chamber 24. The support sleeve 21 is positioned in the middle of the tubular cavity of the fourth chamber 24 via a support frame 20. The rear end of the accompanying projectile is inserted within the support sleeve 21, and the front end of the accompanying projectile is inserted into the rear end nozzle of the flameproof inner chamber 15. Specifically, a gasket 16 is provided between the rear end nozzle of the flameproof inner chamber 15 and the accompanying projectile.

[0032] The following projectile includes a projectile shell 17, a buffer layer 18, a projectile charge 19, a projectile fuze 22 and a projectile base 23. The buffer layer 18 is filled at the front end of the projectile shell 17, the projectile base 23 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the projectile shell 17, the projectile charge 19 is filled between the buffer layer 18 and the projectile base 23, and the projectile fuze 22 is arranged in the middle of the rear end of the projectile charge 19; the front end of the projectile shell 17 has an outer conical surface, and the rear end pipe mouth of the explosion-proof inner cabin 15 is sleeved on the outer conical surface of the front end of the projectile shell 17.

[0033] The supporting sleeve 21 , the following projectile and the fourth cabin 24 are coaxial.

[0034] The parts not described in detail in this invention are prior art.

Claims

1. A blasting type soil cover hole opening serially connected follow-up digging device, comprising a first cabin, a second cabin (11), a third cabin (25) and a fourth cabin (24) connected in sequence from front to back, characterized in that: A first explosion-proof device (6) is provided at the rear end of the first cabin, and the first explosion-proof device (6) separates the inner cavity of the first cabin from the inner cavity of the second cabin (11). A soil-covering layer excavation explosive (2) and a first fuze (4) are provided inside the first cabin. After the first cabin drills into the soil cover, the first fuze (4) is detonated to detonate the soil-covering layer excavation explosive (2), thereby blasting the soil cover to form a cavity. The rear end of the second cabin (11) is provided with a positioner (13), which separates the inner cavity of the second cabin (11) from the inner cavity of the third cabin (25); a charge liner (7), a shaped charge and a shaped charge fuze (12) are provided inside the second cabin (11); after the first cabin blasts the covering layer to form a cavity, the shaped charge fuze (12) is detonated to detonate the shaped charge, and the explosion wave squeezes the charge liner (7) and the first explosion-proof device (6), forming a secondary shaped charge penetrator to damage the hard rock and soil layer; A second explosion-proof device (14) is provided in the third cabin (25), a flameproof inner cabin (15) is provided at the rear end of the second explosion-proof device (14), and the rear end of the flameproof inner cabin (15) extends into the interior of the fourth cabin (24); The fourth cabin (24) is provided with a follow-up projectile, the front end of which is docked with the rear end of the flameproof inner cabin (15). After the secondary shaped-energy penetrator penetrates and damages the hard rock and soil layer, the follow-up projectile squeezes the flameproof inner cabin (15) and the second flameproof device (14), forming a tertiary shaped-energy penetrator that penetrates the hard rock and soil layer again, and the follow-up projectile explodes to form a penetration pit.

2. The explosive soil cover hole opening and serially advancing digging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first cabin comprises a first tube body (3), a transition tube body and a front cover (1). The first tube body (3) is a circular tubular structure with two ends open. The front end opening of the first tube body (3) is closed by the front cover (1), and the rear end is connected to the front end of the transition tube body. The rear end of the transition tube body is connected to the second cabin body (11). The first explosion-proof device (6) is arranged in the transition tube body, and the first explosion-proof device (6) closes the rear end opening of the first tube body (3). The soil layer excavation explosive (2) is filled in the front end of the first tube body (3), the first fuze (4) is arranged at the rear end of the soil layer excavation explosive (2), and a filler (5) is provided between the soil layer excavation explosive (2) and the first explosion-proof device (6).

3. The explosive soil cover hole opening and serially advancing digging device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The transition tube body is a tapered tube structure as a whole, and its front end outer diameter is smaller than the rear end outer diameter; the first explosion-proof device (6) is a tapered shell structure with an open rear end as a whole, and the outer surface of the first explosion-proof device (6) is adapted to the inner wall surface of the transition tube body.

4. The explosive soil cover hole opening and serially connected excavator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second cabin (11) is a tubular structure with two ends open. The front end of the second cabin (11) is connected to the first cabin, and the rear end is connected to the third cabin (25). The charge liner (7) is arranged at the front end of the second cabin (11). The charge liner (7) is a shell structure with a front end open. The charge liner (7) and the first explosion-proof device (6) form a closed shell. The closed shell closes the front end opening of the second cabin (11), and the positioner (13) closes the rear end opening of the second cabin (11). The shaped charge is filled in the second cabin (11), and the shaped charge fuze (12) is arranged at the tail end of the shaped charge.

5. The explosive cover hole opening and serially advancing digging device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The shaped charge comprises a shaped charge main charge (8), a shaped charge partition (9) and a shaped charge auxiliary charge (10), the shaped charge auxiliary charge (10) is arranged on the front end surface of the positioner (13), the shaped charge main charge (8) is filled between the charge cap (7) and the shaped charge auxiliary charge (10), the shaped charge partition (9) is arranged between the shaped charge main charge (8) and the shaped charge auxiliary charge (10); the shaped charge fuze (12) is arranged at the middle of the tail end of the shaped charge auxiliary charge (10).

6. The explosive cover hole opening and serially advancing digging device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The shaped charge partition (9) is a disc-shaped structure with a conical boss on the front end surface, and the top corner of the conical boss faces the rear end center of the first cabin.

7. The explosive soil cover hole opening and serially connected excavator according to claim 1 is characterized by: The third cabin (25) is a circular tubular structure with two ends open. The front end of the third cabin (25) is connected to the second cabin (11), and the rear end is connected to the fourth cabin (24). The second flameproof device (14) is a conical shell structure with a rear end open. The front end of the second cabin is in contact with the middle of the rear end surface of the positioner (13), and the rear end is connected to the inner wall of the third cabin (25). The flameproof inner cabin (15) is a conical tube structure with a front end outer diameter greater than a rear end outer diameter. The front end of the flameproof inner cabin (15) is connected to the rear end of the second flameproof device (14), and the rear end of the flameproof inner cabin (15) is connected to the incoming projectile.

8. The explosive soil cover hole opening and serially advancing digging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fourth cabin (24) is a tubular structure with an open front end as a whole, and the rear end of the fourth cabin (24) is closed. A support sleeve (21) with an open front end is provided inside the fourth cabin (24), and the support sleeve (21) is arranged in the middle of the tube cavity of the fourth cabin (24) through a support frame (20), and the rear end of the support sleeve (21) is closed; the rear end of the follow-up projectile is inserted into the support sleeve (21), and the front end of the follow-up projectile is inserted into the rear end pipe opening of the flameproof inner cabin (15).

9. The explosive soil cover hole opening and serially connected excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following projectile comprises a projectile shell (17), a buffer layer (18), a projectile charge (19), a projectile fuze (22) and a projectile base (23), wherein the buffer layer (18) is filled at the front end of the projectile shell (17), the projectile base (23) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the projectile shell (17), the projectile charge (19) is filled between the buffer layer (18) and the projectile base (23), and the projectile fuze (22) is arranged at the middle of the rear end of the projectile charge (19); the front end of the projectile shell (17) has an outer conical surface, and the rear end pipe mouth of the explosion-proof inner cabin (15) is sleeved on the outer conical surface of the front end of the projectile shell (17).

10. The explosive soil cover hole opening and serially connected excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The supporting sleeve (21), the following projectile and the fourth cabin (24) are coaxial.

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