Two-dimensional electric control beam scanning antenna and beam control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional electric control beam scanning antenna and a beam control method, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The beam control module is located below the feed structure, radiation units of the radiation unit array are connected with the microstrip line and are periodically distributed on the two sides of the microstrip line, the feed structure is connected with the feed probe, each radiation unit comprises a metal patch, a short-circuit metal column and an active electronic device, and the short-circuit metal column is connected with the active electronic device. The short-circuit metal column sequentially penetrates through the first dielectric substrate, the air guided wave layer, the metal slow wave ridge structure and the second dielectric substrate from top to bottom, the upper end and the lower end of the short-circuit metal column are connected with the metal patch and the direct-current bias network structure respectively, the second dielectric substrate is connected with the metal layer, and a choke structure of the direct-current bias network structure is connected with a bias line. The antenna provided by the invention has the characteristics of low loss, low cost, high gain and two-dimensional wide-angle scanning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of antennas and relates to a two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna and a beam control method. Background Art

[0002] In scenarios such as radar, aerospace, satellite communication, and mobile communication, antennas are required to have the ability of beam scanning. Traditional mechanically controlled beam scanning antennas have disadvantages such as low accuracy, poor stability, and low intelligence, and are difficult to be competent for diverse beam scanning scenarios in modern communication; phased array antennas achieve beam scanning with relatively accurate angles by changing the amplitude and phase of each element, but the system architecture of phased array antennas is complex, requires a large number of T / R components, has a particularly high cost, and the overall structure has a large volume; reconfigurable planar reflector array antennas and transmissive array antennas obtain beams with different angular directions by regulating the reflection or transmission phase of the reflection or transmission array elements. Such antennas require an additional illumination source and a certain spatial distance between the element surface, resulting in a relatively high antenna profile and being difficult to integrate. Therefore, achieving beam scanning in an electronically controlled manner is widely used, and commonly used electronic control components include varactor diodes or PIN diodes, and an external DC bias network can be used to simply and quickly change the bias voltage of the diode and thus change the operating state of the antenna element. Currently, electronically controlled beam scanning antennas rarely can achieve beam scanning in two-dimensional space, and have disadvantages such as high dielectric loss, low gain, and small scanning angle. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims at the problems of the prior art and provides a two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna and a beam control method.

[0004] A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna includes a radiation element array, a first dielectric substrate, an air waveguide layer, a metal slow wave ridge structure, a second dielectric substrate, a DC bias network structure, a third dielectric substrate, a feeding structure, and a beam control module. In the order of the relationship from top to bottom in position, they are the radiation element array, the first dielectric substrate, the air waveguide layer, the metal slow wave ridge structure, the second dielectric substrate, the DC bias network structure, the third dielectric substrate, the feeding structure, and the beam control module. The beam control module is located below the feeding structure. The radiation elements of the radiation element array are connected to microstrip lines, and the radiation elements in the radiation element array are periodically distributed on both sides of the microstrip line. The feeding structure is connected to a feeding probe. The radiation element is composed of a metal patch, a short-circuit metal column, and an active electronic device. The short-circuit metal column penetrates the first dielectric substrate, the air waveguide layer, the metal slow wave ridge structure, and the second dielectric substrate from top to bottom in sequence. The upper and lower ends of the short-circuit metal column are respectively connected to the metal patch and the DC bias network structure. The second dielectric substrate is connected to a metal layer. The choke structure of the DC bias network structure is connected to a bias line.

[0005] The radiation units on both sides of the microstrip line are distributed alternately or non - alternately. The DC bias network structure is used to apply a bias voltage to the radiation units to control the working state of the active electronic components on the radiation units. The number of radiation units, bias lines, and choke structures is the same, and they correspond one - to - one in spatial connection. The metal slow - wave ridges are placed side by side under the radiation unit array structure, and the number is the same as that of the microstrip line structure. The metal slow - wave ridges include various types. In terms of shape, there are square and frustum - shaped; in terms of ridge surface treatment, there are smooth metal slow - wave ridges, metal slow - wave ridges with grooves, and metal slow - wave ridges with ridges. The shape of the metal patch in the radiation unit is rectangular patch, circular patch, triangular patch, elliptical patch, or irregular - shaped patch; the short - circuit metal posts in the radiation unit are connected to the DC bias network structure, and the types of short - circuit metal posts are rectangular posts, cylindrical posts, or a single type or a mixture of multiple types; the types of active electronic devices in the radiation unit include PIN diodes and varactor diodes, and the active electronic devices are fixed on the metal patch. The feeding structure feeds electromagnetic wave energy into the radiation unit array through a feeding probe. The types of feeding structures include one - to - multiple series power dividers, one - to - multiple parallel power dividers, and multiple independent signal - line feeding structures. The DC bias network structure is used to provide a DC bias voltage to the radiation unit. The radiation unit is connected to the DC bias network structure through a short - circuit metal post to control the working state of the radiation unit. The DC bias network structure consists of a choke structure and a bias line. The choke structure uses a fan - shaped choke metal patch, a circular choke metal patch, or an annular choke metal patch.

[0006] The beam control module realizes the control of all units in the antenna radiation unit array by the host computer, obtains the radiation beams of the antenna at different angles, and thus realizes the two - dimensional beam scanning of the antenna. The antenna has the performance of two - dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning.

[0007] A two - dimensional electronically controlled beam control method includes the following steps: The beam control module controls the working state of all units in the radiation unit array so that the antenna has the performance of two - dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning. The working state of the radiation unit only includes two states, "0" and "1", and the working state of each radiation unit is independently adjustable. Combining the DC bias network structure and the beam control module to control the "0" and "1" digital states of each radiation unit to form a "0" and "1" coding scheme under different radiation beam angles; by adjusting the coding scheme of the antenna, different antenna coding schemes are realized, the radiation beam angle pointing of the antenna is controlled, and the two - dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning performance is realized.

[0008] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: Two-dimensional beam scanning is achieved through an electronic control method, which features low cost, low profile, high gain, simple structure, small dielectric loss, and wide-angle scanning. An air waveguide layer is introduced in the electronically controlled beam scanning antenna of the present invention. Compared with the traditional dielectric waveguide layer, it reduces dielectric loss and realizes higher antenna radiation gain; the metal slow-wave ridge structure is adopted to change the phase constant of the waveguide mode into a slow wave, which is beneficial to achieving wide-angle scanning; compared with the phased array antenna, the structure of the present invention is very simple, the processing is convenient, a large number of T / R components do not need to be used, and the manufacturing cost is low. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings. As shown in the figures:

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the air dielectric two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 It is a schematic side view of the air dielectric two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 3 It is the layout mode 1 of the radiation element array.

[0013] Figure 4 It is the layout mode 2 of the radiation element array.

[0014] Figure 5 It is the optional structure type 1 of the metal slow-wave ridge.

[0015] Figure 6 It is the optional structure type 2 of the metal slow-wave ridge.

[0016] Figure 7 It is the optional structure type 3 of the metal slow-wave ridge.

[0017] Figure 8 It is the optional structure type 4 of the metal slow-wave ridge.

[0018] Figure 9 It is the optional structure type 5 of the metal slow-wave ridge.

[0019] Figure 10 It is the optional structure type of the radiation element metal patch in the radiation element array.

[0020] Figure 11 It is the optional structure type of the radiation element short-circuit metal post in the radiation element array.

[0021] Figure 12 It is the feeding structure type 1.

[0022] Figure 13 It is the feeding structure type 2.

[0023] Figure 14 It is the feeding structure type 3.

[0024] Figure 15 It is the optional type of the choke structure in the DC bias network structure.

[0025] Figure 16 It is the beam scanning result. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1: As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 shown, a two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna and a beam control method, a two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna, including a radiation element array, a first dielectric substrate, an air waveguide structure, a metal slow-wave ridge structure, a second dielectric substrate, a DC bias network structure, a third dielectric substrate, a feeding structure, and a beam control module.

[0028] The air waveguide structure places multiple metal slow-wave ridges, and the metal slow-wave ridges are placed side by side below the radiation element array structure and above the third dielectric substrate; the metal slow-wave ridges include multiple types, with square and frustum shapes in terms of shape, and smooth metal slow-wave ridges, metal slow-wave ridges with grooves, and metal slow-wave ridges with ridges in terms of ridge surface treatment, and the shape and surface treatment method of the ridge can be arbitrarily combined.

[0029] The radiation element array structure is located above the air waveguide structure and is disposed on the first dielectric substrate, and its function is to generate electromagnetic wave radiation. The radiation element array can be designed by using PCB (printed circuit board) or LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) technology; the main body of the radiation element array structure is composed of multiple microstrip lines arranged side by side. The number of microstrip lines is the same as the number of slow wave ridges of the air waveguide structure and corresponds one by one in space. Radiation elements are periodically arranged on both sides of each microstrip line, and the radiation elements are in contact with the microstrip lines; the periodic arrangement form of the radiation element array can be staggered arrangement or non-staggered arrangement.

[0030] Each radiation element of the radiation element array is composed of a metal patch, a short-circuit metal post, and an active electronic device; the shape of the metal patch in the radiation element can be a rectangular patch, a circular patch, an elliptical patch, or an irregularly shaped patch; the types of active electronic devices in the radiation element include PIN diodes and varactor diodes; the short-circuit metal post in the radiation element is connected to the DC bias network structure, and the types of short-circuit metal posts can be rectangular posts or cylindrical posts, which can be of a single type or a mixture of multiple types.

[0031] The feeding structure is used to feed electromagnetic wave energy into the radiation element structure; the types of feeding structures include one-to-multiple series power dividers, one-to-multiple parallel power dividers, and multiple independent signal line feeding structures.

[0032] The DC bias network structure is used to provide a DC bias voltage to the radiation element, thereby controlling the working state of the radiation element; the DC bias network structure 6 is located between the second dielectric substrate 5 and the third dielectric substrate 7; the DC bias network structure is composed of bias lines and choke structures; the function of the bias lines in the DC bias network structure is to guide DC current, and the function of the choke structures is to isolate RF current; the choke structures in the DC bias network include fan-shaped choke metal patches, circular choke metal patches, and circular ring-shaped choke metal patches.

[0033] Preferably, the first dielectric substrate uses Rogers 5880 with a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0034] Preferably, the second dielectric substrate uses Rogers 4350B with a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0035] Preferably, the third dielectric substrate uses Rogers 4350B with a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0036] The beam control module controls the operating state of the active electronic devices in the radiation elements by using a DC bias network structure; the types of beam control modules include FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit), and single-chip microcomputer.

[0037] Embodiment 2: As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 shown, a two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna introduces an air layer in the structural design to reduce dielectric loss, and periodically loads active electronic components on each element in the radiation element array, and changes the operating state of the active electronic components through a DC bias network structure to realize the regulation of the radiation structure, thereby realizing two-dimensional beam scanning of the antenna.

[0038] A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, includes a radiation element array 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, an air waveguide layer 3, a metal slow-wave ridge structure 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a DC bias network structure 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feeding structure 8, and a beam control module 9.

[0039] For the above-mentioned parts, in the order from top to bottom in terms of position, they are the radiation element array 1, the first dielectric substrate 2, the air waveguide layer 3, the metal slow-wave ridge structure 4, the second dielectric substrate 5, the DC bias network structure 6, the third dielectric substrate 7, the feeding structure 8, and the beam control module 9 in sequence, and the beam control module 9 is located below the feeding structure 8.

[0040] The radiation element 11 of the radiation element array 1 is connected to the microstrip line 12, and the radiation elements 11 in the radiation element array 1 are periodically distributed on both sides of the microstrip line 12, and the feeding structure 8 is connected to the feeding probe 81.

[0041] The radiation element 11 consists of a metal patch 111, a short - circuit metal post 112, and an active electronic device 113, as Figure 2 shown in the side - view hierarchical structure diagram of the second dielectric substrate 5, the DC bias network structure 6, the third dielectric substrate 7, and the feeding structure 8 of the air - dielectric two - dimensional electronically controlled beam - scanning antenna.

[0042] The short - circuit metal post 112 penetrates the first dielectric substrate 2, the air waveguide layer 3, the metal slow - wave ridge structure 4, and the second dielectric substrate 5 from top to bottom in sequence. The upper and lower ends of the short - circuit metal post 112 are respectively connected to the metal patch 111 and the DC bias network structure 6.

[0043] The second dielectric substrate 5 is connected to the metal layer 51, and the choke structure 61 of the DC bias network structure 6 is connected to the bias line 62.

[0044] The radiation elements 11 in the radiation element array 1 are periodically distributed on both sides of the microstrip line 12. The radiation elements on both sides can be stagger - distributed ( Figure 3 ) or non - stagger - distributed ( Figure 4 ). The DC bias network structure 6 is used to apply a bias voltage to the radiation element 11, thereby controlling the working state of the active electronic components on the radiation element. The number of radiation elements 11 and the bias line 62 and the choke structure 61 is the same, and they are in one - to - one correspondence in spatial connection.

[0045] The metal slow - wave ridges 4 are placed side by side under the radiation element array structure, and the number is the same as that of the microstrip line 13 structure. The metal slow - wave ridges include various types. In terms of shape, there are square ( Figure 5 ), frustum - shaped ( Figure 6 ); in terms of the treatment of the ridge surface, there are smooth metal slow - wave ridges ( Figure 7 ), metal slow - wave ridges with grooves ( Figure 8 ), and metal slow - wave ridges with convex ridges ( Figure 9 ).

[0046] The shape of the metal patch 111 in the radiation element 11 can be Figure 10 the rectangular patch, circular patch, triangular patch, elliptical patch, irregular - shaped patch, etc. in Figure 11 ; the short - circuit metal post 112 in the radiation element 11 is connected to the DC bias network structure 6. The type of the short - circuit metal post can be

[0047] the rectangular post, cylindrical post in Figure 12 ; it can be a single type or a mixture of multiple types. The types of the active electronic devices 113 in the radiation element 11 include PIN diodes and varactor diodes, and the active electronic devices 113 are fixed on the metal patch 111.

[0047] The feeding structure 8 feeds electromagnetic wave energy into the radiation element array through the feeding probe 81. The types of the feeding structure include one - to - multiple series power dividers ( Figure 12)、One-to-multiple parallel power divider Figure 13 )、Multi-channel independent signal line feeding structure Figure 14 )。

[0048] The DC bias network structure 6 is used to provide a DC bias voltage for the radiation element. The radiation element 11 is connected to the DC bias network structure 6 through the short-circuit metal post 112, so as to realize the control of the working state of the radiation element. The DC bias network structure 6 consists of a choke structure 61 and a bias line 62. The choke structure 61 can adopt various structural forms, such as Figure 15 the fan-shaped choke metal patch, circular choke metal patch, circular-ring choke metal patch, etc. in

[0049] The beam control module 9 realizes the control of all elements in the antenna radiation element array by the host computer, obtains the radiation beams of the antenna at different angles, and thus realizes the two-dimensional beam scanning of the antenna, making the antenna have the performance of two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning. Figure 16 is the normalized electronically controlled beam scanning pattern of the antenna in the azimuth plane at 4 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna has good beam scanning characteristics.

[0050] Embodiment 3: As shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 、 Figure 15 and Figure 16 shown, an air medium two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna and its control method, including a radiation element array 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, an air waveguide layer 3, a metal slow-wave ridge structure 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a DC bias network structure 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feeding structure 8, and a beam control module 9.

[0051] The radiation element array 1 is arranged on the first dielectric substrate 2, the metal slow-wave ridge structure 4 is arranged on the second dielectric substrate 5, the electromagnetic field is concentrated in the air waveguide layer 3, and a high-gain radiation beam is generated through the radiation element array 1. The DC bias network structure 6 is located between the second dielectric substrate 5 and the third dielectric substrate 7. The beam control module 9 realizes the control of the working state of the radiation element through the DC bias network structure 6, so as to realize two-dimensional beam scanning. The feeding structure 8 is arranged below the third dielectric substrate 7 and is used to feed electromagnetic wave energy into the radiation element array 1.

[0052] The metal slow-wave ridge structure 4 is composed of multiple rows of one-dimensional metal slow-wave ridges, and these slow-wave ridges are arranged side by side. The metal slow-wave ridges include various types. In terms of shape, there are square-shaped 41 and frustum-shaped 42. In terms of ridge surface treatment, there are smooth metal slow-wave ridges 43, metal slow-wave ridges with grooves 44, and metal slow-wave ridges with ridges 45. The shape of the ridge and the surface treatment method can be arbitrarily combined.

[0053] The radiation element array 1 can be designed using PCB (printed circuit board) or LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) technology and is arranged on the first dielectric substrate 2.

[0054] The first dielectric substrate 2 uses Rogers 5880 with a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0055] The main body of the radiation element array 1 is composed of multiple microstrip lines 12 arranged side by side. The number of microstrip lines is the same as that of the metal slow-wave ridges 4 and they correspond one by one in space. Radiation elements 11 are periodically arranged on both sides of each microstrip line 12. The periodic arrangement form of the radiation element array can be staggered arrangement or non-staggered arrangement.

[0056] The shape of the metal patch 111 in the radiation element 11 can be a rectangular patch, a triangular patch, a circular patch, an elliptical patch, an irregularly shaped patch, etc.; the type of the short-circuit metal post 112 in the radiation element 11 can be a rectangular post or a cylindrical post, which can be of a single type or a mixture of multiple types; the types of the active electronic devices 113 in the radiation element 11 include PIN diodes and varactor diodes.

[0057] The radiation element 11 is connected to the DC bias network structure 6 through the short-circuit metal post 112. The DC bias network structure 6 includes a choke structure 61 and a bias line 62. The choke structure 61 can be a fan-shaped choke metal patch, a circular choke metal patch, or an annular choke metal patch.

[0058] The second dielectric substrate 5 uses Rogers 4350B with a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0059] The third dielectric substrate 7 uses Rogers 4350B with a thickness of 0.254 mm.

[0060] The feeding structure 8 is used to feed electromagnetic wave energy into the radiation element array 1. The type of the feeding structure can be a one-to-multiple series power divider, a one-to-multiple parallel power divider, or a multiple independent signal line feeding structure.

[0061] A control method for a two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna with an air medium. The beam control module 9 controls the operating states of all units in the radiation element array 1, enabling the antenna to have the performance of two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning. The antenna beam scanning control method and steps are as follows: The operating state of the radiation element 12 only includes two states, "0" and "1", and the operating state of each radiation element 12 is independently adjustable. Combining the DC bias network structure 6 and the beam control module 9, the "0" and "1" digital states of each radiation element 12 are controlled to form a "0" and "1" coding scheme under different radiation beam angles. By adjusting the coding scheme of the antenna, different antenna coding schemes can be realized, and then the radiation beam angle pointing of the antenna can be controlled to achieve the two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning performance.

[0062] The electronically controlled two-dimensional beam scanning antenna in the embodiment of the present invention can achieve two-dimensional beam scanning, has the characteristics of high gain, low cost, and easy processing, has good antenna scanning performance, and is suitable for various beam scanning application scenarios.

[0063] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna, characterized in that, It includes a radiation element array, a first dielectric substrate, an air waveguide layer, a metal slow-wave ridge structure, a second dielectric substrate, a DC bias network structure, a third dielectric substrate, a feeding structure, and a beam control module. In the order of the relationship from top to bottom in terms of position, they are the radiation element array, the first dielectric substrate, the air waveguide layer, the metal slow-wave ridge structure, the second dielectric substrate, the DC bias network structure, the third dielectric substrate, the feeding structure, and the beam control module. The beam control module is located below the feeding structure. The radiation elements of the radiation element array are connected to microstrip lines, and the radiation elements in the radiation element array are periodically distributed on both sides of the microstrip line. The feeding structure is connected to a feeding probe. The radiation element is composed of a metal patch, a short-circuit metal post, and an active electronic device. The short-circuit metal post penetrates the first dielectric substrate, the air waveguide layer, the metal slow-wave ridge structure, and the second dielectric substrate from top to bottom in sequence. The upper and lower ends of the short-circuit metal post are respectively connected to the metal patch and the DC bias network structure. The second dielectric substrate is connected to a metal layer, and the choke structure of the DC bias network structure is connected to a bias line.

2. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation elements on both sides of the microstrip line are staggered or non-staggered.

3. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC bias network structure is used to apply a bias voltage to the radiation element to control the working state of the active electronic components on the radiation element. The number of radiation elements, bias lines, and choke structures is the same, and they are in one-to-one correspondence in terms of spatial connection.

4. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal slow-wave ridges are placed side by side below the radiation element array structure, and the number is the same as that of the microstrip line structure.

5. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal slow-wave ridges include various types. In terms of shape, there are square and frustum-shaped ones. In terms of the treatment of the ridge surface, there are smooth metal slow-wave ridges, metal slow-wave ridges with grooves, and metal slow-wave ridges with convex ridges.

6. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the metal patch in the radiation element is a rectangular patch, a circular patch, a triangular patch, an oval patch, or an irregular-shaped patch. The short-circuit metal post in the radiation element is connected to the DC bias network structure. The types of the short-circuit metal post are rectangular posts, cylindrical posts, or a single type or a mixture of multiple types. The types of the active electronic devices in the radiation element include PIN diodes and varactor diodes, and the active electronic devices are fixed on the metal patch.

7. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding structure feeds electromagnetic wave energy into the radiation element array through a feeding probe. The types of the feeding structure include a one-to-multiple series power divider, a one-to-multiple parallel power divider, and a multi-channel independent signal line feeding structure.

8. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC bias network structure is used to provide a DC bias voltage to the radiation element. The radiation element is connected to the DC bias network structure through a short-circuit metal post to realize the control of the working state of the radiation element. The DC bias network structure consists of a choke structure and a bias line. The choke structure uses a fan-shaped choke metal patch, a circular choke metal patch, or an annular choke metal patch.

9. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beam control module realizes the control of all elements in the antenna radiation element array by the host computer, obtains the radiation beams of different angles of the antenna, and thus realizes the two-dimensional beam scanning of the antenna. The antenna has the performance of two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning.

10. A two-dimensional electronically controlled beam control method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The beam control module controls the working states of all units in the radiation element array, enabling the antenna to have the performance of two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning. The working states of the radiation elements only include two states, "0" and "1", and the working state of each radiation element can be adjusted independently. Combining the DC bias network structure and the beam control module, the "0" and "1" digital states of each radiation element are controlled to form a "0" and "1" coding scheme under different radiation beam angles; by adjusting the coding scheme of the antenna, different antenna coding schemes are realized, the radiation beam angle direction of the antenna is controlled, and the two-dimensional electronically controlled beam scanning performance is achieved.

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