Method and apparatus for performing wireless communication related to prs

Abstract

A method of performing wireless communication by a first device and an apparatus supporting the same are presented. For example, a first device may obtain information related to a PRS configuration. For example, the information related to the PRS configuration may include at least one of information about a start slot of a PRS resource or information about a start symbol of the PRS resource. For example, a first device may transmit a first SL PRS to a second device based on a PRS configuration. For example, the first device may receive a second SL PRS from a second device. For example, the first device may obtain information related to a distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first TOF of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] A sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method in which a direct link is configured between user equipments (UEs), and voice or data is directly exchanged between the UEs without passing through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to the burden on the BS caused by a rapid increase in data traffic. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) refers to a communication technology for exchanging information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and objects equipped with infrastructure through wired / wireless communication. V2X can be classified into four types: V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure), V2N (Vehicle-to-Network), and V2P (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through a PC5 interface and / or a Uu interface.

[0003] In addition, since more and more communication devices require a greater communication capacity, the demand for mobile broadband communication enhanced with respect to conventional radio access technologies (RAT) is increasing. Accordingly, a communication system for services or user equipments (UEs) that are sensitive to reliability and latency is discussed. Also, a next-generation radio access technology based on improved mobile broadband communication, massive machine type communication (MTC), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), etc. can be referred to as a new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical Solution

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device is provided. For example, the first device may obtain information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration. For example, the information related to the PRS configuration may include at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource. For example, the first device may send a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device based on the PRS configuration. For example, the first device may receive a second SL PRS from the second device. For example, the first device may obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] Figure 1 Shows the communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0007] Figure 2 Shows the electromagnetic spectrum based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0008] Figure 3 Shows an example of a typical scenario of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0009] Figure 4 Shows an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] Figure 5 Shows an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 6 Shows the structure of time slots of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 7 Shows an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 8 Shows the process of a UE performing V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] Fig. 9 Shows three types of broadcasts according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Fig.10 Shows a V2X synchronization source or synchronization reference according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Fig.11 Shows an example of the architecture of a 5G system capable of positioning a UE accessing a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Fig.12 Shows an example of a network for implementing the measurement of the position of a UE based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Fig.13 Shows an example of a protocol layer for supporting the transmission of LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages between an LMF and a UE based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Fig.14Shows an example of a protocol layer for supporting NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between the LMF and the NG-RAN node based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig.15 Is a schematic diagram for explaining the OTDOA positioning method based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig.16 Shows the two-way round-trip time (RTT) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig.17 Is a diagram for explaining 3D multi-RTT positioning and RTT-AOD positioning according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig.18 Is a diagram for explaining the RTT between fixed-position entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig.19 Is a diagram for explaining the RTT and ToF between mobile entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig. 20 Is a diagram for explaining the displacement vector and ToF vector between mobile entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.21 Is a diagram for explaining the relative displacement vector between mobile entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig. 22 Is a diagram for explaining the displacement vector for compensating for the movement of an entity associated with PRS2 transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Fig.23 Is a diagram for explaining the process of performing wireless communication related to SL positioning based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig.24 Shows a method for a first device to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Fig.25 Shows a method for a second device to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Fig.26 Shows communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Fig. 27 Shows a wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig.28 A signal processing circuit for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Fig.29 Another example of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0035] Fig.30 A handheld device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Fig.31 A vehicle or an autonomous vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed embodiments

[0037] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B, or C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0038] In the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma used may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0039] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0040] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". Additionally, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0041] Furthermore, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", this may mean presenting "PDCCH" as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be presented as an example of "control information". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean presenting "PDCCH" as an example of "control information".

[0042] In the following description, "when, if, or in case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0043] The technical features separately described in one of the drawings in the present disclosure can be implemented separately or can be implemented simultaneously.

[0044] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter can be a parameter configured, pre-configured, or pre-defined for a UE. For example, a base station or a network can send a higher layer parameter to the UE. For example, a higher layer parameter can be sent via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0045] The techniques described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM) / general packet radio service (GPRS) / enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. IEEE 802.16m is an evolved version of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility for IEEE 802.16e-based systems. UTRA is part of the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is part of the evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) that uses E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of LTE.

[0046] 5G NR is a follow-up technology to LTE-A corresponding to a new and novel mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, high availability, etc. 5G NR can use resources of all available spectrums including low frequency bands below 1 GHz, intermediate frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequencies (millimeter waves) above 24 GHz.

[0047] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve such goals as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption for battery - less IoT devices, (vi) ultra - reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine - learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can include four aspects such as intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. That is, Table 1 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0048] [Table 1]

[0049] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E Latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / h Satellite Integration Completely AI Completely Autonomous Vehicles Completely XR Completely Tactile communication Completely

[0050] The 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), AI - integrated communication, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0051] Figure 1 Illustrates the communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0052] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, which is a major function of 5G, will become an even more important technology by providing an end - to - end latency of less than 1 ms in 6G communication. Different from the frequently used spectral efficiency in the frequency domain, the 6G system can have better volumetric spectral efficiency. The 6G system can provide advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting and very long battery life, and thus mobile devices in the 6G system may not need to be charged separately. In 6G, the new network characteristics can be as follows.

[0053] - Satellite - integrated network: To provide global mobile coverage, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites, and public networks into one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.

[0054] - Interconnected intelligence: Different from previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative, and the wireless evolution may be updated from "connected things" to "connected intelligence". AI can be applied at each step of the communication process (or each signal - processing process described below).

[0055] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can transfer electricity to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0056] - Ubiquitous ultra-three-dimensional connectivity: Access to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will establish ultra-3D connections in 6G ubiquity.

[0057] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0058] - Small cell networks: The concept of small cell networks is introduced to improve the received signal quality as a result of the improvement of the throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency of cellular systems. Therefore, small cell networks are an essential feature of 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0059] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. The multi-tier network composed of heterogeneous networks improves the overall QoS and reduces costs.

[0060] - High-capacity backhaul: The backhaul connection is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity services. High-speed optical fibers and free space optical (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0061] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0062] - Softwareization and virtualization: Softwareization and virtualization are two important functions that are the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability.

[0063] The core implementation technologies of 6G systems are described below.

[0064] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): As the most important and newly introduced technology in the 6G system is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. The 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will support AI for full automation. Advancements in machine learning will create a more intelligent network for real-time communication in 6G. When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine ways to perform complex target tasks. That is to say, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be immediately executed by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine. Additionally, AI may be instant communication in the brain-computer interface (BCI). The AI-based communication system can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0065] - Terahertz (THz) Communication: The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-TH communication with broadband and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are called submillimeter radiation, usually indicating a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The band range of 100 GHz to 300 GHz (sub-THz band) is regarded as the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity increases. The defined THz band of 300 GHz to 3 THz is in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. The band of 300 GHz to 3 THz is part of the optical band but is located at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the band of 300 GHz to 3 THz has similarities with RF.

[0066] Figure 2 Shows the electromagnetic spectrum based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 Embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0067] The main features of THz communication include (i) a bandwidth that can be widely used to support very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BS operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive arrangement techniques that can overcome range limitations can be used.

[0068] - Massive MIMO Technology (Large MIMO)

[0069] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0070] - Optical wireless technology

[0071] - Free space optical backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0072] - Non-terrestrial network (NTN)

[0073] - Quantum communication

[0074] - Cell-free communication

[0075] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0076] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0077] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0078] - Big data analytics

[0079] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0080] - Metaverse

[0081] - Blockchain

[0082] - Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone will become an important factor in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology is used to provide high-speed wireless data connection. A base station entity is installed inside the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs have certain functions not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and freedom of mobility control. During emergency events such as natural disasters, it is economically unfeasible to deploy ground telecommunications infrastructure, and sometimes it is unable to provide services in a turbulent environment. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology promotes the three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also be used for multiple purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and monitoring, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0083] - Autonomous Driving (Self-driving): To achieve perfect autonomous driving, it is necessary to mutually notify dangerous situations through vehicle-to-vehicle communication and check information such as parking information locations and signal change times through communication between the vehicle and infrastructure such as parking lots and / or traffic lights. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a core element for building an autonomous driving infrastructure and is a technology for vehicles to communicate and share with various elements in the road, such as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, high transmission speed and low latency technologies are required. In addition, to directly control a vehicle in a dangerous situation and actively intervene in vehicle driving at a level beyond warning or guidance messages to the driver, since the amount of information to be sent and received is large, autonomous driving is expected to be maximized in 6G with a faster transmission speed and lower latency than 5G.

[0084] For the clarity of the specification, 5G NR is mainly described, but the technical idea according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to 6G communication systems.

[0085] Figure 3 Shows the structure of an NR system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0086] Reference Figure 3 , the Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) may include a BS20 that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE 10. For example, the BS20 may include a Next Generation Node B (gNB) and / or an Evolved Node B (eNB). For example, the UE 10 may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as Mobile Station (MS), User Terminal (UT), Subscriber Station (SS), Mobile Terminal (MT), wireless device, etc. For example, the BS may be referred to as a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may be referred to by other terms such as Base Transceiver System (BTS), Access Point (AP), etc.

[0087] Figure 3 Embodiments of illustrate only the case including a gNB. The BS20s may be interconnected via the Xn interface. The BS20s may be interconnected via the Fifth Generation (5G) Core Network (5GC) and the NG interface. More specifically, the BS20 may be connected to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 30 via the NG-C interface and may be connected to the User Plane Function (UPF) 30 via the NG-U interface.

[0088] The radio interface protocol layers between the UE and the network can be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the well-known Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model in a communication system. Among them, the physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transmission service using physical channels, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located in the third layer controls the radio resources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS layer.

[0089] Figure 4 Shows a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 4 (a) in shows a radio protocol stack for the user plane of Uu communication, and Figure 4 (b) in shows a radio protocol stack for the control plane of Uu communication. Figure 4 (c) in shows a radio protocol stack for the user plane of SL communication, and Figure 4 (d) in shows a radio protocol stack for the control plane of SL communication.

[0090] Referring to Figure 4 , the physical layer provides an information transfer service to the upper layer through physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer of the physical layer, through a transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified according to how data is transmitted through the radio interface and what characteristics of the data are transmitted.

[0091] Data is transferred through physical channels between different physical layers (i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver). The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0092] The MAC layer provides a service to the radio link control (RLC) layer via a logical channel, which is the upper layer of the MAC layer. The MAC layer provides the function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides the function of logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides a data transmission service through logical channels.

[0093] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of radio link control service data units (RLC SDUs). To ensure different quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three types of operation modes, namely, transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0094] The radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used to control the logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels associated with the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of RBs. An RB is a logical path provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or PHY layer) and the second layer (i.e., the MAC layer, RLC layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transfer between the UE and the network.

[0095] The functions of the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and encryption. The functions of the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0096] The service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs the mapping between quality of service (QoS) flows and data radio bearers (DRBs) and the QoS flow ID (QFI) marking in both DL packets and UL packets.

[0097] The configuration of an RB refers to the process of specifying radio protocol layers and channel attributes to provide a specific service and of determining the corresponding detailed parameters and operation methods. An RB can then be classified into two types, namely, signaling radio bearer (SRB) and data radio bearer (DRB). An SRB is used as a path for sending RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB is used as a path for sending user data in the user plane.

[0098] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state; otherwise, the UE can be in the RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the case of NR, an RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is additionally defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network while releasing its connection with the BS.

[0099] Data is sent to the UE from the network via a downlink transport channel. Examples of downlink transport channels include a broadcast channel (BCH) for sending system information and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for sending other user services or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be sent via the downlink SCH or can be sent via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). In addition, uplink transport channels for sending (or transmitting) data from the UE to the network include a random access channel (RACH) for sending an initial control message and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for sending other user services or control messages.

[0100] Examples of logical channels that belong to a higher layer of a transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel may include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH), etc.

[0101] Figure 5 Shows the structure of a radio frame of NR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 Embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0102] Reference Figure 5 , in NR, a radio frame can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. The length of a radio frame is 10 ms and can be defined as being composed of two half-frames (HF). A half-frame can include five 1-ms sub-frames (SF). A sub-frame (SF) can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a sub-frame can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0103] In the case of using a normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. In the case of using an extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol can include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and a single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or a discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

[0104] Table 2 shown below represents the number of symbols (N slot symb ) per time slot, the number of time slots per frame (N frame,μ slot ) and the number of time slots per sub-frame (N subframe ,μ slot ) based on the SCS configuration (μ) in the case of using a normal CP or an extended CP.

[0105] [Table 2]

[0106]

[0107] In the NR system, the OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) among multiple cells integrated into a UE can be configured differently. Therefore, the (absolute time) duration (or interval) of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as time unit (TU) for simplicity) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently in the integrated cells.

[0108] In NR, multiple parameter sets or SCSs can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, in the case of SCS being 15 kHz, a wide range of traditional cellular bands can be supported, and in the case of SCS being 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. In the case of SCS being 60 kHz or higher, in order to overcome phase noise, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz can be used.

[0109] NR frequency bands can be defined as two different types of frequency ranges. The two different types of frequency ranges can be FR1 and FR2. The values of the frequency ranges can change (or vary), for example, the two different types of frequency ranges can be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean "range below 6 GHz", and FR2 can mean "range above 6 GHz", and can also be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0110] [Table 3]

[0111] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1 450MHz-6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0112] As mentioned above, the values of the frequency ranges in the NR system can change (or vary). For example, as shown in Table 4 below, FR1 can include bandwidths in the range of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. More specifically, FR1 can include frequency bands at 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) and higher. For example, the frequency bands at 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included in FR1 can include unlicensed bands. The unlicensed bands can be used for various purposes, for example, the unlicensed bands are used for vehicle-specific communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0113] [Table 4]

[0114] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1 410MHz-7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0115] Figure 6Shows the structure of a time slot of an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0116] Referring Figure 6 , a time slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of normal CP, one time slot may include 14 symbols. For example, in the case of extended CP, one time slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of normal CP, one time slot may include 7 symbols. However, in the case of extended CP, one time slot may include 6 symbols.

[0117] A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 12 subcarriers). A bandwidth part (BWP) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RB) in the frequency domain, and the BWP can correspond to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via an activated BWP. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0118] Hereinafter, the bandwidth part (BWP) and the carrier will be described in detail.

[0119] The BWP can be a continuous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within a given parameter set. The PRBs can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given parameter set on a given carrier.

[0120] For example, the BWP can be at least any one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the primary cell (PCell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (excluding RRM) outside the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger a channel state information (CSI) report for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside the active UL BWP. For example, in the case of the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) control resource set (CORESET) (configured by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, in the case of the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by a system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be configured by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. For power saving, if the UE cannot detect downlink control information (DCI) during a specified period, the UE can switch the active BWP of the UE to the default BWP.

[0121] In addition, a BWP can be defined for sidelink (SL). The same SL BWP can be used for transmission and reception. For example, the transmitting UE can transmit an SL channel or an SL signal on a specific BWP, and the receiving UE can receive an SL channel or an SL signal on a specific BWP. In a licensed carrier, the SL BWP can be defined separately from the Uu BWP, and the SL BWP can have configuration signaling separate from the Uu BWP. For example, the UE can receive the configuration for the SL BWP from the BS / network. For example, the UE can receive the configuration for the Uu BWP from the BS / network. The SL BWP is (pre-)configured in the carrier for out-of-coverage NR V2X UEs and RRC_IDLE UEs. For a UE in the RRC_CONNECTED mode, at least one SL BWP can be activated in the carrier.

[0122] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 7 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Assume that in Figure 7 the embodiment of, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0123] Reference Figure 7, a Common Resource Block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other end. Additionally, a PRB can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point of the resource block grid.

[0124] It can be configured by Point A, the offset (N start BWP ) relative to Point A, and the bandwidth (N size BWP ). For example, Point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, and sub - carrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) is aligned at Point A. For example, the offset can be the PRB distance between the lowest sub - carrier within a given parameter set and Point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs within a given parameter set.

[0125] In the following, V2X or SL communication will be described.

[0126] The Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SLSS) can include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS) as SL - specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as the Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S - PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as the Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S - SSS). For example, an M - sequence of length 127 can be used for the S - PSS, and a Gold sequence of length 127 can be used for the S - SSS. For example, the UE can use the S - PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, the UE can use the S - PSS and S - SSS for detailed synchronization acquisition and for the detection of synchronization signal IDs.

[0127] The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information that the UE must first know before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information can be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), time - division duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, information related to resource pools, and the type of applications related to SLSS, sub - frame offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, to evaluate the PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of the PSBCH can be 56 bits, including a 24 - bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

[0128] The S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., the SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, the sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can be within the (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (SB). For example, the PSBCH can span 11 RBs. Additionally, the frequency position of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Thus, the UE does not have to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0129] Figure 8 A process of the UE performing V2X or SL communication based on a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 8 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission mode can be referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, in LTE, the transmission mode can be referred to as the LTE transmission mode. In NR, the transmission mode can be referred to as the NR resource allocation mode.

[0130] For example, Figure 8 (a) in shows UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, for example, Figure 8 (a) in shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to conventional SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0131] For example, Figure 8 (b) in shows UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, for example, Figure 8 (b) in shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0132] Referring to Figure 8 (a) of, in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule the SL resources to be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can send information related to the SL resources and / or information related to the UL resources to the first UE. For example, the UL resources can include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources can be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0133] For example, the first UE may receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resources and / or information related to configured grant (CG) resources from a base station. For example, the CG resources may include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In the present disclosure, the DG resources may be resources configured / assigned by the base station to the first UE via downlink control information (DCI). In the present disclosure, the CG resources may be (periodic) resources configured / assigned by the base station to the first UE via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG type 1 resources, the base station may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG type 2 resources, the base station may send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station may send DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0134] In step S810, the first UE may send a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or a first-level SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE may send a PSSCH (e.g., a second-level SCI, a MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second UE via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE may send / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first UE based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI may be DCI for SL scheduling. For example, the format of the DCI may be DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1.

[0135] Hereinafter, an example of DCI format 3_0 will be described.

[0136] DCI format 3_0 is used for the scheduling of NR PSCCH and NR PSSCH in a cell.

[0137] The following information is sent via DCI format 3_0 with a CRC scrambled by an SL-RNTI or an SL-CS-RNTI:

[0138] - Resource pool index - ceiling(log2I) bits, where I is the number of resource pools for transmission configured by the higher layer parameter sl-TxPoolScheduling.

[0139] - Time gap - 3 bits determined by the higher layer parameter sl-DCI-ToSL-Trans

[0140] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0141] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0142] - Lowest index of the subchannel assigned to the initial transmission - ceiling(log2(N SL subChannel )) bits

[0143] - SCI format 1 - A field: Frequency resource assignment, Time resource assignment

[0144] - PSFCH-to-HARQ feedback timing indicator - ceiling(log2N fb_timing ) bits, where N fb_timing is the number of entries in the higher layer parameter sl-PSFCH-ToPUCCH.

[0145] - PUCCH resource indicator - 3 bits

[0146] - Configuration index - 0 bits if the UE is not configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI; otherwise 3 bits. If the UE is configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI, this field is reserved for DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI.

[0147] - Counter side link assignment index - 2 bits if the UE is configured with pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook = dynamic; 2 bits if the UE is configured with pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook = semi-static

[0148] - Padding bits if required

[0149] Reference Figure 8In (b) thereof, in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the base station / network or pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting resources within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select resources within the selection window by performing a sensing process and a resource (re-)selection process. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S810, the first UE that has already selected resources from the resource pool itself can send a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or first-level SCI) to the second UE by using the resources. In step S820, the first UE can send a PSSCH (e.g., second-level SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0150] Reference Figure 8 In (a) or (b) of the reference, for example, the first UE can send SCI to the second UE through the PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE can send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-level SCI) to the second UE through the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second UE can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-level SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In the present disclosure, the SCI sent through the PSCCH can be referred to as the first SCI, the first SCI, the first-level SCI, or the first-level SCI format, and the SCI sent through the PSSCH can be referred to as the second SCI, the second SCI, the second-level SCI, or the second-level SCI format. For example, the first-level SCI format can include SCI format 1-A, and the second-level SCI format can include SCI format 2-A and / or SCI format 2-B.

[0151] Hereinafter, an example of SCI format 1-A will be described.

[0152] SCI format 1-A is used to schedule the second-level SCI on the PSSCH and the PSSCH.

[0153] The following information is sent by means of SCI format 1-A:

[0154] - Priority - 3 bits

[0155] -Frequency resource allocation - When the higher layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured with a value of 2, ceiling(log2(N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel + 1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, when the higher layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured with a value of 3, ceiling log2(N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel + 1)(2N SL subChannel + 1) / 6) bits.

[0156] -Time resource allocation - When the higher layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured with a value of 2, 5 bits; otherwise, when the higher layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured with a value of 3, 9 bits

[0157] -Resource reservation period - If the higher layer parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is configured, then ceiling(log2 N rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period is the number of entries in the higher layer parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList; otherwise, 0 bits

[0158] -DMRS pattern - ceiling(log2 N pattern ) bits, where N pattern is the number of DMRS patterns configured by the higher layer parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList

[0159] -Second-level SCI format - 2 bits, as defined in Table 5

[0160] -Beta_offset indicator - 2 bits, as provided by the higher layer parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0161] -Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit, as defined in Table 6

[0162] -Modulation and coding scheme - 5 bits

[0163] -Additional MCS table indicator - If one MCS table is configured by the higher layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table, then 1 bit; if two MCS tables are configured by the higher layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table, then 2 bits; otherwise, 0 bits

[0164] -PSFCH overhead indication - 1 bit if the higher layer parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise, 0 bit

[0165] - Reserved bits - Number of bits determined by the higher layer parameter sl-NumReservedBits, whose value is set to zero.

[0166] [Table 5]

[0167] Value of the second level SCI format field Second level SCI format 00 SCI Format 2-A 01 SCI Format 2-B 10 reserve 11 reserve

[0168] [Table 6]

[0169] Value of the Number of DMRS Ports field Antenna Port 0 1000 1 1000 and 1001

[0170] In the following, an example of SCI format 2-A will be described. SCI format 2-A is used for the decoding of PSSCH and is used together with HARQ operations when the HARQ-ACK information includes ACK or NACK, when the HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information.

[0171] The following information is sent by means of SCI format 2-A:

[0172] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0173] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0174] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0175] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0176] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0177] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0178] - Broadcast type indicator - 2 bits, as defined in Table 7

[0179] - CSI request - 1 bit

[0180] [Table 7]

[0181] The value of the broadcast type indicator Broadcast Type 00 broadcast 01 Multicast when HARQ-ACK information includes ACK or NACK 10 Unicast 11 Multicast when HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK

[0182] In the following, an example of SCI format 2-B will be described.

[0183] For HARQ operations, SCI format 2-B is used for the decoding of PSSCH when the HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information.

[0184] The following information is sent by means of SCI format 2-B:

[0185] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0186] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0187] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0188] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0189] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0190] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0191] - Region ID - 12 bits

[0192] - Communication range requirement - 4 bits determined by the higher layer parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index

[0193] Reference Figure 8 to (a) or (b) of [], in step S830, the first UE may receive the PSFCH. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0194] Reference Figure 8 to (a) of [], in step S840, the first UE may send SL HARQ feedback to the base station via the PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0195] Fig. 9 Shows three broadcast types according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 The embodiments of [] may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Fig. 9 (a) in [] shows broadcast-type SL communication, Fig. 9 (b) in [] shows unicast-type SL communication, and Fig. 9 (c) in [] shows multicast-type SL communication. In the case of unicast-type SL communication, the UE may perform one-to-one communication for another UE. In the case of multicast-type SL transmission, the UE may perform SL communication for one or more UEs in the group to which the UE belongs. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, SL multicast communication may be replaced by SL multiple communication, SL one-to-many communication, etc.

[0196] Hereinafter, the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process will be described.

[0197] For example, SL HARQ feedback can be enabled for unicast. In this case, in non-codeblock group (non-CBG) operation, if the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH whose target is the receiving UE and if the receiving UE successfully decodes the transport block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can generate a HARQ-ACK. Additionally, the receiving UE can send the HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE. Otherwise, if the receiving UE fails to successfully decode the transport block after decoding the PSCCH whose target is the receiving UE, the receiving UE can generate a HARQ-NACK. Additionally, the receiving UE can send the HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE.

[0198] For example, SL HARQ feedback can be enabled for multicast. For example, in non-CBG operation, two HARQ feedback options can be supported for multicast.

[0199] (1) Multicast Option 1: After the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH whose target is the receiving UE, if the receiving UE fails to decode the transport block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can send a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE via the PSFCH. Otherwise, if the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH whose target is the receiving UE and if the receiving UE successfully decodes the transport block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE may not send a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE.

[0200] (2) Multicast Option 2: After the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH whose target is the receiving UE, if the receiving UE fails to decode the transport block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can send a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE via the PSFCH. Additionally, if the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH whose target is the receiving UE and if the receiving UE successfully decodes the transport block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can send a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE via the PSFCH.

[0201] For example, if Multicast Option 1 is used for SL HARQ feedback, all UEs performing multicast communication can share the PSFCH resources. For example, UEs belonging to the same group can send HARQ feedback by using the same PSFCH resources.

[0202] For example, if Multicast Option 2 is used for SL HARQ feedback, each UE performing multicast communication can use different PSFCH resources for HARQ feedback transmission. For example, UEs belonging to the same group can send HARQ feedback by using different PSFCH resources.

[0203] In the present disclosure, HARQ-ACK may be referred to as ACK, ACK information, or positive ACK information, and HARQ-NACK may be referred to as NACK, NACK information, or negative ACK information.

[0204] Below, a UE procedure for determining a subset of resources to report to a higher layer in PSSCH resource selection in sidelink resource allocation mode 2 will be described.

[0205] In resource allocation mode 2, the higher layer may request the UE to determine a subset of resources from which the higher layer will select resources for PSSCH / PSCCH transmission. To trigger this procedure, in time slot n, the higher layer provides the following parameters for PSSCH / PSCCH transmission.

[0206] - The resource pool from which to report resources;

[0207] - L1 priority, prio TX ;

[0208] - The remaining packet delay budget;

[0209] - The number of subchannels for PSSCH / PSCCH transmission in the time slot, L subCH ;

[0210] - Optionally, a resource reservation interval P rsvp_TX , in milliseconds.

[0211] - As part of a re-evaluation or pre-emption process, if the higher layer requests the UE to determine a subset of resources (from which the higher layer will select resources for PSSCH / PSCCH transmission), the higher layer provides a set of resources (r0, rl, r2,...) that may be subject to re-evaluation and a set of resources (r′0, r′1, r′2,...) that may be subject to pre-emption.

[0212] - Depending on the UE implementation, it is determined whether the subset of resources requested by the higher layer is before or after time slot ri″ - T3, where ri″ is the time slot with the smallest time slot index among (r0, rl, r2,...) and (r′0, r′1, r′2,...), and T3 is equal to TSLproc,l, where TSLproc,1 is the number of time limits determined based on the SCS configuration of the SL BWP.

[0213] The following higher layer parameters affect this procedure:

[0214] - sl-SelectionWindowList: internal parameter T 2min is set to be from the one for prio TXThe corresponding value of the higher layer parameter sl-SelectionWindowList for the given value.

[0215] -sl-Thres-RSRP-List: This higher layer parameter provides the RSRP threshold for each combination (p i , p j ), where p i is the value of the priority field in the received SCI format 1-A, and p j is the priority of the transmission of the UE to select resources; for a given invocation of this procedure, p j = prio TX .

[0216] -sl-RS-ForSensing selects whether the UE uses PSSCH-RSRP or PSCCH-RSRP measurements.

[0217] -sl-ResourceReservePeriodList

[0218] -sl-SensingWindow: The internal parameter T0 is defined as the number of time slots corresponding to sl-SensingWindow milliseconds

[0219] -sl-TxPercentageList: The internal parameter X for a given prio TX is defined as the sl-TxPercentageList (prio TX ) converted from a percentage to a ratio

[0220] -sl-PreemptionEnable: If sl-PreemptionEnable is provided and if it is not equal to 'enabled', the internal parameter prio pre is set to the parameter sl-PreemptionEnable provided by the higher layer.

[0221] The resource reservation interval P rsvp_TX (if provided) is converted from milliseconds to logical time slot units, resulting in P' rsvp_TX .

[0222] Mark:

[0223] (t′ SL 0, t′ SL 1, t′ SL 2...) represents the set of time slots belonging to the sidelink resource pool.

[0224] For example, the UE can select a candidate resource set (S based on Table 11A )。For example, when a resource (re-)selection is triggered, the UE may select a candidate resource set (S) based on Table 11 A )。For example, when re-evaluation or preemption is triggered, the UE may select a candidate resource set (S) based on Table 8 A )。

[0225] [Table 8]

[0226]

[0227]

[0228]

[0229] On the other hand, partial sensing may be performed for the power saving support part of the UE. For example, in LTE SL or LTE V2X, the UE may perform partial sensing based on Table 9 and Table 10

[0230] [Table 9]

[0231]

[0232]

[0233] [Table 10]

[0234]

[0235]

[0236] Hereinafter, the synchronization acquisition of the SL UE will be described

[0237] In time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, accurate time and frequency synchronization are essential. If the time and frequency synchronization are inaccurate, the system performance may be degraded due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). The same applies to V2X. In V2X, for time / frequency synchronization, side link synchronization signals (SLSS) may be used in the physical layer, and master information block - side link - V2X (MIB - SL - V2X) may be used in the radio link control (RLC) layer

[0238] Fig.10 Shows the synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X based on the embodiments of the present disclosure Fig.10 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure

[0239] Reference Fig.10, in V2X, a UE can synchronize directly with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), or can synchronize indirectly with GNSS through a UE (inside or outside network coverage) that is directly synchronized with GNSS. If GNSS is configured as a synchronization source, the UE can calculate the DFN and subframe number by using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre-)configured Direct Frame Number (DFN) offset.

[0240] Alternatively, a UE can synchronize directly with a BS, or can synchronize with another UE that is time / frequency synchronized with the BS. For example, the BS can be an eNB or a gNB. For example, if the UE is within network coverage, the UE can receive synchronization information provided by the BS and can synchronize directly with the BS. Thereafter, the UE can provide the synchronization information to another adjacent UE. If BS timing is based on synchronization configuration, for synchronization and downlink measurement, the UE can rely on the cell associated with the corresponding frequency (when it is within the cell coverage of that frequency), or the primary cell or serving cell (when it is outside the cell coverage of that frequency).

[0241] The BS (e.g., the serving cell) can provide a synchronization configuration for the carrier used in V2X or SL communication. In this case, the UE can comply with the synchronization configuration received from the BS. If the UE fails to detect any cell in V2X or SL communication and fails to receive a synchronization configuration from the serving cell, the UE can comply with a pre-configured synchronization configuration.

[0242] Alternatively, a UE can synchronize with another UE that fails to obtain synchronization information directly or indirectly from the BS or GNSS. The synchronization source or preference can be pre-configured for the UE. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference can be configured through a control message provided by the BS.

[0243] The SL synchronization source can be associated / correlated with a synchronization priority. For example, the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority can be defined, as shown in Table 11 or Table 12. Table 11 or Table 12 is just for example, and the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority can be defined in various forms.

[0244] [Table 11]

[0245]

[0246] [Table 12]

[0247]

[0248] In Table 11 or Table 12, P0 may indicate the highest priority, and P6 may indicate the lowest priority. In Table 11 or Table 12, BS may include at least one of gNB and eNB. It may be (pre-)configured whether to use GNSS-based synchronization or BS-based synchronization. In single-carrier operation, the UE may derive the transmission timing of the UE from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0249] For example, the UE may (re-)select a synchronization reference, and the UE may obtain synchronization from the synchronization reference. In addition, the UE may perform SL communication based on the obtained synchronization (e.g., PSCCH / PSSCH transmission / reception, physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) transmission / reception, S-SSB transmission / reception, reference signal transmission / reception, etc.).

[0250] Next, positioning will be described.

[0251] Fig.11 An example of an architecture in a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, the 5G system being capable of positioning a UE accessing a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN. Fig.11 Embodiments may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0252] Reference Fig.11 , the AMF may receive a request for a location service related to a specific target UE from a different entity such as a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or may determine to initiate a location service in the AMF itself rather than in the specific target UE. Then, the AMF may send a location service request to a location management function (LMF). When receiving the location service request, the LMF may process the location service request and return a processing request including the estimated location of the UE, etc., to the AMF. In addition, if a location service request is received from a different entity such as GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF may pass the processing request received from the LMF to the different entity.

[0253] The new generation evolved NB (ng-eNB) and gNB are network elements of the NG-RAN capable of providing measurement results for location estimation, and may measure radio signals for a target UE, and may pass the result values to the LMF. Additionally, the ng-eNB may control several transmission points (TPs) such as: for E-UTRA, a remote radio head or a PRS dedicated TP supporting a positioning reference signal (PRS)-based beacon system.

[0254] The LMF can be connected to an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre (E-SMLC) and the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, by using the downlink measurement results obtained from signals sent by the target UE via dedicated TPs from gNBs and / or PRSs in the E-UTRAN.

[0255] In addition, the LMF can be connected to a SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for the corresponding target UE. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain UE location measurement results. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine a positioning method based on, for example, the Location Service (LCS) client type, the requested Quality of Service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, etc., and can apply such a positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. Additionally, the LMF can determine additional information such as the location estimate value of the target UE and the accuracy of the location estimate and speed. The SLP is the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0256] The UE can measure downlink signals via the NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, and / or other sources such as different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) and Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBSs), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, the UE barometric pressure sensor, etc. The UE can include an LCS application. The UE can communicate with the network that the UE can access, or can access the LCS application via another application included in the UE. The LCS application can include the measurement and calculation functions required to determine the location of the UE. For example, the UE can include a stand-alone positioning function such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), and can report the location of the UE independent of NG-RAN transmission. The positioning information obtained independently like this can be used as auxiliary information for the positioning information obtained from the network.

[0257] Fig.12 An example of a network for implementing the measurement of the location of a UE based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.12 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0258] When the UE is in the Connection Management (CM)-Idle state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can establish a signaling connection with the UE and can request the network to trigger a service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. In Fig.12Such an operation process is omitted. That is, it is possible to assume that the UE is in the connected mode in Fig.12 However, due to signaling and data deactivation, etc., the signaling connection can be released by the NG-RAN while performing the positioning process.

[0259] Reference will be made to Fig.12 The network operation process for measuring the position of the UE will be described in detail. In step a1, a 5GC entity such as the GMLC may request the serving AMF to provide a location service for measuring the position of the target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request a location service, based on step 1b, the serving AMF may determine that a location service is needed for measuring the position of the target UE. For example, in order to measure the position of the UE for an emergency call, the serving AMF may determine to directly perform a location service.

[0260] Thereafter, the AMF may send a location service request to the LMF based on step 2, and the LMF may initiate a location process to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data together with the serving ng-eNB and serving gNB. Additionally, based on step 3b, the LMF may initiate a location process for downlink positioning with the UE. For example, the LMF may send the assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or may obtain a location estimate or a location measurement value. Furthermore, step 3b may be additionally performed after performing step 3a, or may be performed instead of step 3a.

[0261] In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. Additionally, the location service response may include information on whether the location estimate of the UE is successful and the location estimate value of the UE. Thereafter, if the process is initiated by step a1 Fig.12 the AMF may transmit the location service response to a 5GC entity, such as the GMLC, and if the process is initiated by step 1b Fig.12 the AMF may use the location service response to provide a location service related to an emergency call, etc.

[0262] Fig.13 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message transmission between the LMF and the UE based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.13 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0263] The LPP PDU can be sent between the AMF and the UE via the NAS PDU. Reference Fig.13, LPP can terminate between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL-capable terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane and an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs through an intermediate network interface by using an appropriate protocol such as: NG Application Protocol (NGAP) through the NG-Control Plane (NG-C) interface and NAS / RRC through the NR-Uu interface, etc. The LPP protocol can enable positioning for NR and LTE by using various positioning methods.

[0264] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange mutual capability information, assistance data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to indicate the exchange of error information and / or the interruption of an LPP procedure.

[0265] Fig.14 An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.14 Embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0266] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between an NG-RAN node and an LMF. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange an Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) for measurement sent from an ng-eNB to the LMF, data for supporting the OTDOA positioning method, and a cell ID, cell location ID, etc. for the NR cell ID positioning method. Even without information about an associated NRPPa transaction, the AMF can route an NRPPa PDU through the NG-C interface based on the routing ID of an associated LMR.

[0267] The procedures of the NRPPa protocol for location and data collection can be classified into two types. The first type is UE-related procedures for transmitting information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information, etc.), while the second type is non-UE-related procedures for transmitting information applicable to an NG-RAN node and a related TP (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). The two types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0268] In addition, examples of positioning methods supported in the NG-RAN can include GNSS, OTDOA, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0269] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference of Arrival)

[0270] Fig.15 This is a diagram for explaining the OTDOA positioning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.15 Embodiments may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0271] The OTDOA positioning method uses the measurement timing of downlink signals received by a UE from an eNB, an ng-eNB, and multiple TPs including a PRS dedicated TP. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals by using location assistance data received from a location server. In addition, the location of the UE may be determined based on such measurement results and the geometric coordinates of adjacent TPs.

[0272] A UE connected to a gNB may request a measurement gap for OTDOA measurement from a TP. If the UE cannot identify the single-frequency network (SFN) of at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use a self-allocated gap to obtain the SNF of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement.

[0273] In this document, the RSTD may be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from a reference cell and a measurement cell, respectively. That is, the RSTD may be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of a subframe received from a measurement unit and the start time of a subframe of a reference unit that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement unit. In addition, the reference cell may be selected by the UE.

[0274] For correct OTDOA measurement, it may be necessary to measure the time of arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the TOA may be measured for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and the RSTD of TP1-TP2, the RSTD of TP2-TP3, and the RSTD of TP3-TP1 may be calculated for the three TOAs. Based on this, geometric hyperbolas may be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect may be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, since there may be accuracy and / or uncertainty in each TOA measurement, the estimated location of the UE may be referred to as a specific range based on measurement uncertainty.

[0275] For example, the RSTD of these two TPs may be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0276] [Equation 1]

[0277]

[0278] In this document, c can be the speed of light, {xt, yt} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {xi, yi} can be the (known) coordinates of the TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). In this document, (Ti - T1) can be referred to as the "real time difference (RTD)" which is the transmission time offset between two TPs, and ni, n1 can represent values related to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0279] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0280] In the cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of the UE can be measured through the geographical information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell of the UE. For example, the geographical information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0281] In addition, in addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources, etc. to improve the UE location estimate. In the E-CID positioning method, although some of the measurement methods used in the measurement control system of the RRC protocol can be used, generally additional measurements are not performed solely for the location measurement of the UE. In other words, a measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be additionally provided to measure the location of the UE. Additionally, the UE may not be expected to request an additional measurement operation solely for location measurement, and the measurement values obtained through the measurement methods that the UE can perform measurements in a general manner can be reported.

[0282] For example, the serving gNB can use the E-UTRA measurement values provided by the UE to implement the E-CID positioning method.

[0283] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning can be as follows.

[0284] - UE measurements: E-UTRA reference signal received power (RSRP), E-UTRA reference signal received quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference, GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) / WLAN reference signal strength indication (RSSI), UTRAN common pilot channel (CPICH) received signal code power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0285] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing advance (TADV), angle of arrival (AoA).

[0286] In this document, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0287] TADV Type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0288] TADV Type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0289] In addition, AoA can be used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA can be defined as the estimated angle relative to the position of the UE in the counterclockwise direction from the BS / TP. In this case, the georeference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use uplink signals such as sounding reference signals (SRS) and / or demodulation reference signals (DMRS) for AoA measurement. Additionally, the larger the arrangement of the antenna array, the higher the measurement accuracy of AoA. When the element antenna arrays are arranged at the same interval, the signals received from adjacent antennas can have a constant phase rotation.

[0290] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0291] UTDOA is a method for determining the position of the UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When the estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, the position of the UE can be estimated by using the serving cell as a reference cell via the time difference of arrival relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can instruct the serving cell of the target UE to indicate the SRS transmission to the target UE. Additionally, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic / aperiodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0292] (4) RTT (Round-Trip Time)

[0293] RTT is a positioning technique that can measure the distance between two entities even when the target entity and the server entity are not in time synchronization. If RTT is performed using multiple server entities, the distance to each server entity is measured, and if circles are drawn using the distances measured to each server entity, the absolute positioning of the target entity can be performed at the points where the respective circles intersect.

[0294] The method for performing RTT between two entities is as follows. If Entity #1 sends PRS#1 at t1, Entity #2 receives RRS#1 at t2, Entity #2 receives PRS#1, Entity #2 sends PRS#2 at t3, and then Entity #1 receives PRS#2 at t4, the distance D between the two entities can be obtained as follows.

[0295] D = c x{(t4 - t1) – (t3 - t2)} / 2 (where c is the speed of light)

[0296] For the RTT between the UE and the gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be obtained based on the above equation using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB Rx-Tx time difference in Table 16 and Table 18 below.

[0297] (5) double-side RTT

[0298] Double-side RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between two entities even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target and the server entity.

[0299] The method for performing double-side RTT between two entities is as follows

[0300] Double-side RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors.

[0301] Fig.16 Shows double-side RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Fig.16 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0302] For example, the propagation delay T can be estimated from two measurement values (i.e., Tround1, Tround2, Treply1, Treply2).

[0303] For example, the propagation delay T (T^) can be estimated based on Equation 2.

[0304] [Equation 2]

[0305]

[0306] For example, the propagation delay T (T^) can be estimated based on Equation 3.

[0307] [Equation 3]

[0308]

[0309] And, T can be obtained based on Equation 4 round1 *T round2 -T reply1 *T reply2 .

[0310] [Equation 4]

[0311]

[0312] Here, Equation 4 is the same as Equation 5:

[0313] [Equation 5]

[0314]

[0315] Therefore, the propagation delay T (T^) can be estimated as shown in Equation 6.

[0316] [Equation 6]

[0317]

[0318] In this case, the estimation error of the propagation delay due to the clock error can be obtained based on Equation 7:

[0319] [Equation 7]

[0320]

[0321] Here, e UE1 and e UE2 are the clock offsets of UE1 and UE2.

[0322] The propagation delay T (T^) is the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0323] Fig.17 is a diagram for explaining 3D multi-RTT positioning and RTT-AOD positioning according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.17 The embodiments of

[0324] Reference Fig.17 , the distance [cti] between the target entity and the server entity can be, for example, as follows (where X, (x, y, z) are the absolute position coordinates of the target entity, Xi, (xi, yi, zi) are the absolute position coordinates of the server entity si, and T, ti are the RTT observation values between the server entity si and the target entity, ={(t4 - t1) - (t3 - t2)} / 2).

[0325] [ct1, ct2,..., cti] = [√(x1 - x) 2 +(y1 - x) 2 +(z1 - z) 2 ), ((x2 - x) 2 +(y2 - x) 2 +(z2 - z) 2 ),..., ((xi - x) 2 +(yi - x) 2 +(zi - z) 2 )] (where c is the speed of light)

[0326] For example, in the case of 3D multi-RTT positioning, by drawing three or more spheres centered on three or more server entities (xi, yi, zi) and with the distance [cti] between the target entity and the server entity as the radius, the absolute positioning of the target entity can be performed through the points where each sphere intersects.

[0327] For example, for RTT-AOD (angle of departure) / AoA (angle of arrival) positioning, if one or more spheres centered on one or more server entities (xi, yi, zi) and with the distance [cti] between the target entity and the server entity as the radius are drawn, the absolute positioning of the target entity can be performed through the points pointed to by the distance, vertical angle, and azimuth angle.

[0328] Table 13 shows examples of the reference signal time difference (RSTD). The RSTD in Table 13 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0329] [Table 13]

[0330]

[0331] Table 14 shows examples of the DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP). The DL PRS RSRP in Table 14 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0332] [Table 14]

[0333]

[0334] Table 15 shows examples of the DL relative signal time difference (RSTD). The DL RSTD in Table 15 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0335] [Table 15]

[0336]

[0337] Table 16 shows examples of the UE Rx-Tx time difference. The UE Rx-Tx time difference in Table 16 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0338] [Table 16]

[0339]

[0340] Table 17 shows examples of the UL relative time of arrival (UL RTOA) (TUL-RTOA). The UL RTOA in Table 17 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0341] [Table 17]

[0342]

[0343] Table 18 shows an example of the gNB Rx-Tx time difference. The gNB Rx-Tx time difference in Table 18 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0344] [Table 18]

[0345]

[0346] Table 19 shows an example of the UL angle of arrival (AoA). The UL AoA in Table 19 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0347] [Table 19]

[0348]

[0349] Table 20 shows an example of the UL SRS reference signal received power (RSRP). The UL SRS RSRP in Table 17 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0350] [Table 20]

[0351]

[0352] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a positioning mode is disclosed. For example, the positioning mode may include independent positioning, UE-based positioning, or UE-assisted positioning. For example, independent may mean a positioning mode that determines a personal position based on GNSS without the need for PRS (without correcting positioning errors through PRS). For example, X in "based on X" and "assisting X" may respectively refer to the node responsible for positioning calculations (and capable of providing measurements) and the node that provides measurements (but does not perform positioning calculations). Therefore, for example, the operation of providing measurements used in the calculation of the position estimate from the UE to the LMF can be described as "assisting the UE" (and can be referred to as "based on the LMF"), while the operation of the UE calculating its own position can be referred to as "UE-based".

[0353] For example, Tables 21 - 23 show examples of PRS assistance data.

[0354] [Table 21]

[0355]

[0356]

[0357] [Table 22]

[0358]

[0359] [Table 23]

[0360]

[0361] For example, Table 24 shows an example of the PRS configuration.

[0362] [Table 24]

[0363]

[0364]

[0365] In the present disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0366] -LMF - Location Management Function

[0367] -UE-triggered SL positioning: This process can be triggered by the UE.

[0368] -gNB / LMF-triggered SL positioning - UE-controlled SL positioning: The SL positioning group can be created by the UE. - UE-controlled SL positioning - SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

[0369] -gNB-controlled SL positioning - SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the gNB.

[0370] -UE-based SL positioning: The UE location can be calculated by the UE.

[0371] -UE-assisted SL positioning: The UE location can be calculated by the base station / LS.

[0372] -SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0373] -Target UE (T-UE): The UE whose location is calculated

[0374] -Server UE (S-UE): The UE that assists in the SL positioning of the T-UE

[0375] -MG: Measurement gap that only allows the transmission of SL PRS

[0376] -MW: Measurement window that can transmit both SL data and SL PRS in a multiplexing manner - SL PRS - Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

[0377] -CCH - Control Channel

[0378] -IUC message - Inter-UE coordination message. A message received by the TX UE from another UE including the RX UE for a set of resources (preferred resources) suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE and / or a set of resources (non-preferred resources) not suitable for transmission.

[0379] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the SL PRS transmission resource may be configured as an SL PRS resource set configured with the following information.

[0380] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0381] - List of SL PRS resource IDs – List of SL PRS resource IDs in the SL PRS resource set

[0382] - SL PRS resource type – Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0383] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0384] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0385] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control – Can be set to SL SSB for positioning, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0386] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the SL PRS resource set may be configured as an SL PRS resource configured with the following information.

[0387] - SL PRS resource ID

[0388] - SL PRS comb size – The interval between the REs for sending SL PRS within a symbol

[0389] - SL PRS comb offset – The RE index where the SL PRS is first sent within the first SL PRS symbol

[0390] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift – The cyclic shift used to generate the sequence constituting the SL PRS

[0391] - SL PRS start position – The first symbol index for sending SL PRS within a time slot

[0392] - # of S symbols of L PRS – The number of symbols constituting the SL PRS within a time slot

[0393] - Frequency domain offset – The lowest frequency position (index) for sending SL PRS in the frequency domain

[0394] - SL PRS BW – The frequency bandwidth for SL PRS transmission

[0395] - SL PRS Resource Type - Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi - persistent, or on - demand

[0396] - SL PRS Periodicity - The period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, the logical time slot unit of the resource pool that transmits the physical or SL PRS

[0397] - SL PRS Offset - The offset in the time domain until the start point of the first SL PRS resource based on a reference timing, the logical time slot unit of the resource pool that transmits the physical or SL PRS. The reference timing can be SFN = 0 or DFN = 0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of the RRC / MAC - CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource

[0398] - SL PRS Sequence ID

[0399] - SL PRS Spatial Relationship - Can be set to SL SSB for positioning or DL PRS or UL SRS or ULSRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS

[0400] - SL PRS CCH - SL PRS control channel. Control information (e.g., SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location) can be signaled via the SL PRS CCH

[0401] For example, the heading can be the direction of movement of a vehicle relative to true north. For example, true north for the heading can be defined as the axis defined by the WSG - 84 coordinate system and its reference ellipsoid. For example, the heading "north" can correspond to 0 degrees, and the heading "east" can correspond to 90 degrees. For example, the heading can include a heading value and a heading confidence. For example, the heading confidence can refer to the accuracy of the heading measured with a 95% confidence. For example, the granularity of the heading value can be within 0.1 degrees. For example, the heading can be represented as 0 - 899 for north to east, 900 - 1799 for east to south, 1800 - 2699 for south to west, 2700 - 3599 for west to north, and 3601 for unavailable.

[0402] For example, the direction can be the direction along the route or path of the vehicle. For example, the direction can be the direction of the straight line connecting the first path point of the vehicle and the second path point after a path increment time.

[0403] Thus, for example, the speed of a moving body (relative to the heading) can be different by sliding from the speed of the moving body (relative to the direction along the travel path).

[0404] For example, if two entities are not stationary and move during the RTT, the RTT positioning that performs positioning by exchanging PRSs between the target entity and the server entity may suffer a severe degradation in RTT positioning performance.

[0405] In the present disclosure, a method, operation, and apparatus for performing RTT without performance degradation based on two moving entities (such as urban air mobility (UAM)) can be proposed by calculating or predicting the relative displacement between the two entities based on the moving directions and rates of the two entities.

[0406] Fig.18 is a diagram for explaining RTT between fixed-position entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.18 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0407] Reference Fig.18 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, a target entity (hereinafter referred to as the target) may send PRS1 at t = t0, and PRS1 may be received by a server entity (hereinafter referred to as the server) at t = t1. For example, after PRS1 is received by the server (t2>t1), for example, the server may send PRS2 at t = t2, and for example, the target receives PRS2 at t = t3 to perform RTT-based positioning. The time of flight (ToF) between the target and the server can be obtained as follows. In this case, for example, the distance between the target and the server can be obtained by multiplying the ToF by the speed of light.

[0408] ToF = {(t3 - t0) - (t2 - t1)} / 2,

[0409] where, for example, the time ToF1 and ToF2 (the times of sending PRS1 and PRS2 through the air, respectively) can satisfy the following relationship:

[0410] ToF1 = (t1 - t0)

[0411] ToF2 = (t3 - t2)

[0412] ToF1 = ToF2

[0413] Fig.19 is a diagram for explaining RTT and ToF between moving entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.19 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0414] Reference Fig.19, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, if the target and / or the server move when PRS2 is received after PRS1 is sent, for example, the time-of-flight (ToF) value at the time of sending PRS1, i.e., ToF1, and the time-of-flight value at the time of sending PRS2, i.e., ToF2, may be different, which may seriously degrade the performance of RTT-based positioning.

[0415] ToF1 = (t1 - t0) ≠ (t3 - t2) = ToF2

[0416] For example, if the relative speed between the target and the server is 200 km / h (each moving at 100 km / h in opposite directions) and the time interval between PRS1 transmission and PRS2 transmission is 10 ms, the relative displacement between the target and the server is approximately 0.56 m, which results in a very large positioning error when high-precision positioning is required.

[0417] For example, in the case of UAM (Urban Air Mobility) such as a drone, since the drone moves at a faster speed than a car and can move in a space that is relatively closer to a 3D three-dimensional space than a two-dimensional plane such as a road for a car to move on, the performance degradation of RTT caused by the movement of the target and the server may be more serious.

[0418] Fig. 20 is a diagram for explaining the displacement vector and the ToF vector between moving entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 20 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0419] Reference Fig. 20 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, if the speed and direction of the movement of the target and / or the speed and direction of the movement of the server are known (e.g., based on, for example, a geomagnetic sensor and a speedometer), the target and / or the server can calculate or predict the displacement d1 of the target and the displacement d2 of the server respectively based on the time interval between the time of sending and receiving PRS1 and the time of sending and receiving PRS2.

[0420] For example, since the time interval between radio wave transmission and reception is relatively short, the following can be assumed, for example: the transmission time and reception time of PRS1 can be approximately the same (t0 = t1), and the transmission time and reception time of PRS2 can be approximately the same (t2 = t3). Therefore, for example, the time interval between the transmission time and reception time of PRS1 and the time interval between the transmission time and reception time of PRS2 can be approximated by the Rx - Tx time difference (t2 - t1) of the server or the Rx - Tx time difference value (t3 - t0) of the target. For example, the time interval between PRS1 transmission and PRS2 transmission can be calculated as the average of two approximate values {(t2 - t1)+(t3 - t0)} / 2. For example, the time interval between PRS1 transmission and PRS2 reception can be calculated as the average value {(t2 - t0)+(t3 - t0)} / 2 of the difference between the transmission times (t2 - t0) or the difference between the reception times (t3 - t1) of PRS1 and PRS2.

[0421] Fig.21 is a diagram for explaining the relative displacement vector between mobile entities according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.21 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0422] Reference Fig.21 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, on the assumption that Fig.19 are the entity positions and movements of the target and the server in a two - dimensional plane, the relative displacement between the server and the target can be obtained through the server displacement vector d2 and the target displacement vector d1, which is represented as the vector d2 - d1 as shown in Fig. 20 shown.

[0423] Fig. 22 is a diagram for explaining the displacement vector compensating for the movement of the entity associated with PRS2 transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 22 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0424] Reference Fig. 22 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for example (based on the above), by compensating for the displacement caused by the movement of the target and the server, the displacement vector ToF2' expected to be measured assuming that the target and the server do not move can be obtained from the displacement vector ToF2 measured after the target and the server have moved, such as as shown in Fig.21 shown.

[0425] For example, if it is assumed that the time synchronization error between the target and the server is very small, the time distance between the target and the server can be obtained as follows:

[0426] Time distance = (|(ToF1)| + |(ToF2’)|) / 2

[0427] For example, the operations (as described above) of one embodiment of the present disclosure can be equivalently extended to the case where the target and the server move in 3D space as well as 2D space.

[0428] For the above operations according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, the target can report the values t0 and t3 to an entity that estimates the position of the target, and the server can report the values t1 and t2 to an entity that estimates the position of the target. Further, for example, the target and the server can each report speed, heading value (the direction in which the target wants to move), and direction (the direction in which the target is currently facing, which can be different from the heading value if the target is traveling along a curve) values to an entity that estimates the position of the target so that the corresponding displacement can be estimated.

[0429] For example, the above operations can be limited to the case where the relative orientation of the target and the server is known. The relative orientation can be obtained, for example, from the angle of departure (AoD) or the angle of arrival (AoA) between the target and the server.

[0430] For example, the operations according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure can be performed only when the speed change and / or heading change and / or direction change and / or displacement change of the target and / or the server is greater than or equal to each specific threshold associated with each change.

[0431] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, processes and methods for performing RTT can be proposed by the following operations: calculating and predicting relative displacement based on a moving target entity (such as a UAM) and a server entity, and calculating the TOA to be measured if the target entity is not moving.

[0432] Fig.23 is a diagram for explaining a process of performing wireless communication related to SL positioning based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.23 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0433] Reference Fig.23 , according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, the target UE and / or the server UE can obtain information related to (SL) PRS settings.

[0434] For example, an SL positioning group can be formed between the target UE and the server UE.

[0435] For example, the target UE may send a first SL PRS (e.g., a first 1-1 SL PRS, a first 1-2 SL PRS, a first 1-3 SL PRS) to a server UE (e.g., server UE 1, server UE 2, server UE 3).

[0436] For example, the target UE may receive a second SL PRS (e.g., a second 1-1 SL PRS, a second 1-2 SL PRS, a second 2-2 SL PRS, a second 2-3 SL PRS) from a server UE (e.g., server UE 1, server UE 2, server UE 3).

[0437] For example, the target UE may obtain information about the relative displacement between the target UE and the server UE. For example, the target UE may obtain information about the displacement vector of the target UE based on the TX-RX time difference between the time t1 when the first SL PRS is sent and the time t4 when the second SL PRS is received, and the instantaneous velocity / (speed, heading) of the target UE at t1 / t4 or the average velocity / (speed, heading) of the target UE from t1 to t4.

[0438] For example, the target UE may obtain information about the TX-RX time difference between the time (t2) when the first SL PRS is received from the server UE and the time (t3) when the second SL PRS is sent. For example, the target UE may obtain information about the TX-RX time difference between the time t2 when the first SL PRS is received and the time t3 when the second SL PRS is sent, and the displacement vector of the server UE from the server UE based on the instantaneous velocity / (speed, heading) of the server UE at t2 / t3 or the average velocity / (speed, heading) of the server UE from t2 to t3.

[0439] For example, the target UE and / or the server UE may exchange information about the TX-RX time difference of the target UE / server UE, the instantaneous velocity / speed / heading at t1 / t2 / t3 / t4, and the average velocity / speed / heading. For example, the target UE and / or the server UE may send information about the TX-RX time difference of the target UE / server UE, the instantaneous velocity / speed / heading at t1 / t2 / t3 / t4, and the average velocity / speed / heading to a location server (e.g., LMF).

[0440] For example, the target UE, the server UE, and / or the location server may obtain information about the relative displacement vector (scalar, direction) between the target UE and the server UE based on the difference between the displacement vector of the target UE and the displacement vector of the server UE.

[0441] For example, the target UE, serving UE, and / or location server may obtain a first displacement vector of a path within a first TOF of a first SL PRS with respect to the first SL PRS (hereinafter referred to as the first TOF vector or first TOF) and a second displacement vector of a path within a second TOF of a second SL PRS with respect to the second SL PRS (hereinafter referred to as the second TOF vector or second TOF), and may perform SL positioning (e.g., multi-RTT positioning, bilateral RTT positioning, RTT-AOA(AOD) positioning, etc.). For example, the information about the first TOF (vector) may include information about the magnitude of the first TOF and the orientation of the first TOF. For example, the information about the second TOF (vector) may include information about the magnitude of the second TOF and the orientation of the second TOF. For example, information about the magnitude of the first TOF may be obtained with respect to the first SL PRS based on the TX-RX time difference (t2 - t1) and the speed of light (c). For example, information about the orientation of the first TOF may be obtained based on the angle of departure (AOD) of the target UE from t1 to t2 with respect to the serving UE and / or information about the angle of arrival (AOA) of the target UE from t1 to t2 with respect to the serving UE (e.g., vertical angle, azimuth angle). For example, information about the magnitude of the second TOF may be obtained with respect to the second SL PRS based on the TX-RX time difference (t4 - t3) and the speed of light (c). For example, information about the direction of the second TOF may be obtained based on the angle of departure (AOD) of the serving UE from t3 to t4 with respect to the target UE and / or information about the angle of arrival (AOA) of the target UE from t3 to t4 with respect to the serving UE (e.g., vertical angle, azimuth angle). For example, the target UE, serving UE, and / or location server may perform SL positioning based on the second TOF and the first TOF' at t3 / t4 based on the first TOF and relative displacement correction. For example, the target UE, serving UE, and / or location server may perform SL positioning based on the first TOF and the second TOF' at t1 / t2 based on the second TOF and relative displacement correction.

[0442] For example, degradation of RTT due to movement of the target and the server may be avoided. For example, degradation of RTT due to movement of the target and the server may be improved, for example, in urban air mobility (UAM) (e.g., drones that can move within a space close to 3D three-dimensional space) or in vehicles moving in opposite directions to each other. For example, if high-precision positioning is required, the quality of service (QoS) of positioning may be maintained despite movement of the target and the server.

[0443] For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to the service type. For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to (LCH or service) priority. For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to PQI parameters. For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to the CBR measurement value of the resource pool. For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to the SL broadcast type (e.g., unicast, multicast, broadcast). For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to the SL multicast HARQ feedback option (e.g., NACK-only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK-only feedback based on the TX-RX range). For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to the SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to the SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, parameter values related to the application or non-application of the above rules and / or related to the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) with respect to the resource pool.For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed depending on whether the resource pool is configured with PSFCH resources. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the source (L2) ID. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the destination (L2) ID. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the SL link. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the connection state (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state) with the base station. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the SL HARQ process (ID). For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the execution or non - execution of the SL DRX operation of (TX UE or RX UE). For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to whether the (TX or RX) UE is an energy - saving UE. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the situation where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TX beyond UE capabilities) overlap from the perspective of a specific UE. For example, parameter values related to the application or non - application of the above - mentioned rules and / or related to the proposed method / rules of the present disclosure can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed with respect to the situation where the RX UE actually (successfully) receives the (re)transmission of PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) from the TX UE.

[0444] For example, in the present disclosure, the term "configured / specified" can be extended to / interpreted as the base station notifying the UE through a predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or being set through pre-configuration and / or the UE notifying other UEs through a predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0445] For example, in the present disclosure, the term "PSFCH" can be extended to / interpreted as (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). In addition, the methods proposed in the present disclosure can be used in combination with each other (in a new way).

[0446] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold can refer to a threshold predefined or (pre-)configured by a higher layer of the network (including the application layer), the base station, or the UE. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific configuration value can refer to a value predefined or (pre-)configured by a higher layer of the network (including the application layer), the base station, or the UE. For example, an operation configured by the network / base station can refer to the base station (pre-)configuring to the UE through higher layer RRC signaling or the base station configuring / signaling to the UE through MAC CE or the base station signaling to the UE through DCI.

[0447] Fig.24 A method for a first device to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.24 The embodiments can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0448] Refer to Fig.24 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in step S2410, for example, the first device may obtain information related to the positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration. For example, the information related to the PRS configuration may include at least one of information related to the starting time slot of the PRS resource or information related to the starting symbol of the PRS resource. In step S2420, for example, the first device may send a first sidelink (SL) PRS to the second device based on the PRS configuration. In step S2430, for example, the first device may receive a second SL PRS from the second device. In step S2440, for example, the first device may obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first SL PRS within the first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within the second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0449] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the third device.

[0450] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may obtain information related to the position of the first device based on the distance between the first device and the second device and the distance between the first device and the third device.

[0451] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may send a third SL PRS to the second device.

[0452] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the first displacement vector, the second displacement vector, and a third displacement vector regarding the path of the third SL PRS.

[0453] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may convert the first TOF to a third TOF based on the relative displacement.

[0454] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the third TOF and the second TOF.

[0455] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may convert the second TOF to a fourth TOF based on the relative displacement.

[0456] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the first TOF and the fourth TOF.

[0457] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may obtain information related to a second time when the first SL PRS is received and information related to a third time when the second SL PRS is sent.

[0458] Additionally or alternatively, the first TOF may be obtained based on a first time and a second time when the first SL PRS is sent.

[0459] Additionally or alternatively, the second TOF may be obtained based on the third time and a fourth time when the second SL PRS is received.

[0460] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may send to a location server at least one of information regarding the speed of the first device or information regarding the direction of the first device.

[0461] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may obtain information related to the difference between a first time when the first SL PRS is sent and a fourth time when the second SL PRS is received.

[0462] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may obtain information regarding the relative displacement based on the information related to the difference.

[0463] Additionally or alternatively, information regarding relative displacement can be obtained based on information related to the difference between a first time when a first SL PRS is transmitted and a fourth time when a second SL PRS is received, and information related to the difference.

[0464] Additionally or alternatively, the first device can obtain at least one of an angle of arrival (AoA) or an angle of departure (AoD) at a first time when a first SL PRS is transmitted.

[0465] Additionally or alternatively, the first device can obtain information related to the direction of a first displacement vector based on at least one of AoA or AoD.

[0466] Additionally or alternatively, at least one of an angle of arrival (AoA) or an angle of departure (AoD) at a fourth time when a second SL PRS is received is obtained.

[0467] Additionally or alternatively, the first device can obtain information related to the direction of a second displacement vector based on at least one of AoA and AoD.

[0468] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on at least one of a first TOF and the direction of a first displacement vector or a second TOF and the direction of a second displacement vector.

[0469] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on the speed change per unit time of the first device being greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0470] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on the displacement change per unit time of the first device being greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0471] The proposed method can be applicable to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the memory (104) of the first device (100) may have instructions that, when executed by the processor (102), cause the first device (100) (e.g., the processor (102), the transceiver (106)) to perform operations. For example, the operations may include at least one of the following performed by the first device (100) (e.g., the processor (102), the transceiver (106)): obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; sending a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device based on the PRS configuration; receiving a second SL PRS from the second device; and / or obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0472] According to an embodiment, a first device for performing wireless communication may be provided. The first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations. For example, the operations include at least one of the following: obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; sending a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device based on the PRS configuration; receiving a second SL PRS from the second device; and / or obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0473] According to an embodiment, an apparatus adapted to control a first device may be provided. The apparatus may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations. For example, the operations include at least one of the following: obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; transmitting a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device based on the PRS configuration; receiving a second SL PRS from the second device; and / or obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0474] According to an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. The instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations. For example, the operations include at least one of the following: obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; transmitting a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device based on the PRS configuration; receiving a second SL PRS from the second device; and / or obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0475] Fig.25 A method of wireless communication performed by a second device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.25 Embodiments of may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0476] Reference Fig.25, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in step S2510, for example, the second device may obtain information related to positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration. For example, the information related to the PRS configuration may include at least one of information related to the starting time slot of the PRS resource or information related to the starting symbol of the PRS resource. In step S2520, for example, the second device may receive a first sidelink (SL) PRS from the first device based on the PRS configuration. In step S2530, for example, the second device may send a second SL PRS to the first device. In step S2540, for example, the second device may obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first SL PRS within the first time-of-flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within the second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0477] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the third device may be obtained.

[0478] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the position of the first device may be obtained based on the distance between the first device and the second device and the distance between the first device and the third device.

[0479] Additionally or alternatively, a third SL PRS may be sent to the second device.

[0480] Additionally or alternatively, based on the first displacement vector, the second displacement vector, and a third displacement vector regarding the path of the third SL PRS, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained.

[0481] Additionally or alternatively, the first TOF may be converted to a third TOF based on the relative displacement.

[0482] Additionally or alternatively, based on the third TOF and the second TOF, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained.

[0483] Additionally or alternatively, the second TOF may be converted to a fourth TOF based on the relative displacement.

[0484] Additionally or alternatively, based on the first TOF and the fourth TOF, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained.

[0485] Additionally or alternatively, the first device may obtain information related to a second time when the first SL PRS is received and information related to a third time when the second SL PRS is sent.

[0486] Additionally or alternatively, the first TOF may be obtained based on a first time and a second time when the first SL PRS is sent.

[0487] Additionally or alternatively, the second TOF may be obtained based on a third time and a fourth time when the second SL PRS is received.

[0488] Additionally or alternatively, information about the speed of the first device or information about the direction of the first device may be sent to a location server.

[0489] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the difference between the first time when the first SL PRS is sent and the fourth time when the second SL PRS is received may be obtained.

[0490] Additionally or alternatively, information about relative displacement may be obtained based on the information related to the difference.

[0491] Additionally or alternatively, information about relative displacement may be obtained based on the information related to the difference between the first time when the first SL PRS is sent and the fourth time when the second SL PRS is received and the information related to the difference.

[0492] Additionally or alternatively, at least one of an angle of arrival (AoA) or an angle of departure (AoD) at the first time when the first SL PRS is sent may be obtained.

[0493] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the direction of the first displacement vector may be obtained based on at least one of the AoA or the AoD.

[0494] Additionally or alternatively, at least one of an angle of arrival (AoA) or an angle of departure (AoD) at the fourth time when the second SL PRS is received may be obtained.

[0495] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the direction of the second displacement vector may be obtained based on at least one of the AoA and the AoD.

[0496] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on at least one of the first TOF and the direction of the first displacement vector or the second TOF and the direction of the second displacement vector.

[0497] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the speed change per unit time of the first device being greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0498] Additionally or alternatively, information related to the distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the displacement change per unit time of the first device being greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0499] The proposed method can be adapted to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the memory (204) of the second device (200) may have instructions that, when executed by the processor (202), cause the second device (200) (e.g., the processor (202), the transceiver (206)) to perform operations. For example, the operations may include at least one of the following by the second device (200) (e.g., the processor (202), the transceiver (206)): obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; receiving a first sidelink (SL) PRS from a first device based on the PRS configuration; sending a second SL PRS to the first device; and / or obtaining information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time-of-flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0500] According to an embodiment, a second device for performing wireless communication may be provided. The second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations. For example, the operations include at least one of the following: obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; receiving a first sidelink (SL) PRS from a first device based on the PRS configuration; sending a second SL PRS to the first device; and / or obtaining information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time-of-flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0501] According to an embodiment, an apparatus adapted to control a second device may be provided. The apparatus may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations. For example, the operations include at least one of the following: obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; receiving a first sidelink (SL) PRS from a first device based on the PRS configuration; sending a second SL PRS to the first device; and / or obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0502] According to an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. The instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations. For example, the operations include at least one of the following: obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, where the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of a PRS resource; receiving a first sidelink (SL) PRS from a first device based on the PRS configuration; sending a second SL PRS to the first device; and / or obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

[0503] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0504] Hereinafter, devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied will be described.

[0505] Various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows of the present disclosure described herein may be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields that require wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0506] Hereinafter, a more detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0507] Fig.26FIG. 1 shows a communication system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.26 Embodiments of Fig.26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0508] Referring Fig.26 , a communication system 1 to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Herein, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or long term evolution (LTE)), and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include, without limitation, a robot 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, the vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a TV, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The handheld device may include a smart phone, a smart board, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smart meter. For example, the BS and the network may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0509] Here, in addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. In this case, for example, the NB-IoT technology may be an example of a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may perform communication based on the LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example of an LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine type communication (eMTC), etc. For example, the LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, low-power wide area network (LPWAN), and ZigBee considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above names. As an example, the ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, etc., and may be referred to by various names.

[0510] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS200. AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0511] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS200 or BS200 / BS200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device can send / receive radio signals to / from each other through wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for sending / receiving radio signals can be executed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0512] Fig. 27 A wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig. 27 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0513] Reference Fig. 27 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can send radio signals through various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Here, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} can correspond to Fig.26 {wireless device 100x and BS200} and / or {wireless device 100x and wireless device 100x} in

[0514] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas (antenna units) 108. The (one or more) processors 102 may control the (one or more) memories 104 and / or the (one or more) transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation procedures disclosed in this document. For example, the (one or more) processors 102 may process the information in the (one or more) memories 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the (one or more) transceivers 106. The (one or more) processors 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the (one or more) memories 104. The (one or more) memories 104 may be connected to the (one or more) processors 102, and may store various information related to the operation of the (one or more) processors 102. For example, the (one or more) memories 104 may store software codes including commands for executing part or all of the processes controlled by the (one or more) processors 102 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation procedures disclosed in this document. Here, the (one or more) processors 102 and the (one or more) memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The (one or more) transceivers 106 may be connected to the (one or more) processors 102, and transmit and / or receive radio signals through the (one or more) antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The (one or more) transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with the (one or more) radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0515] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The (one or more) processors 202 may control the (one or more) memories 204 and / or the (one or more) transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document. For example, the (one or more) processors 202 may process the information in the (one or more) memories 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the (one or more) transceivers 206. The (one or more) processors 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the (one or more) transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the (one or more) memories 204. The (one or more) memories 204 may be connected to the (one or more) processors 202, and may store various information related to the operation of the (one or more) processors 202. For example, the (one or more) memories 204 may store software codes including commands for executing part or all of the processing controlled by the (one or more) processors 202 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document. Here, the (one or more) processors 202 and the (one or more) memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The (one or more) transceivers 206 may be connected to the (one or more) processors 202, and transmit and / or receive radio signals through the (one or more) antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The (one or more) transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with the (one or more) RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0516] Next, the hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers can be implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202, but are not limited to this. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can implement one or more layers (such as functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate signals (such as baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 can receive signals (such as baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document.

[0517] One or more processors 102 and 202 can be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 102 and 202 can be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processor devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document can be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software can be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. The firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document can be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, and thus be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in this document can be implemented using software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0518] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be constituted by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 through various techniques such as wired or wireless connections.

[0519] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or procedures of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or procedures disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may execute control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to send and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or procedures disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0520] Fig.28 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.28 Embodiments of may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0521] Referring to Fig.28 , the signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. Operations / functions of may be performed, without being limited to Fig.28 of Fig. 27the processor(s) (102, 202) and / or transceiver(s) (106, 206). It can be implemented by Fig. 27 the processor(s) (102, 202) and / or transceiver(s) (106, 206) to achieve Fig.28 the hardware components. For example, it can be implemented by Fig. 27 the processor(s) (102, 202) to achieve blocks 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, it can be implemented by Fig. 27 the processor(s) (102, 202) to achieve blocks 1010 to 1050, and it can be implemented by Fig. 27 the transceiver(s) (106, 206) to achieve block 1060.

[0522] It can convert the codeword into a radio signal via Fig.28 the signal processing circuit 1000. Here, the codeword is a coded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include transport blocks (e.g., UL-SCH transport block, DL-SCH transport block). The radio signal can be sent through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0523] Specifically, the codeword can be converted by the scrambler 1010 into a scrambled bit sequence. The scrambling sequence for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, and the initial value can include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated by the modulator 1020 into a sequence of modulation symbols. The modulation scheme can include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex sequence of modulation symbols can be mapped by the layer mapper 1030 to one or more transmission layers. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (precoded) by the precoder 1040 to the corresponding antenna port(s). The output z of the precoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1030 by the N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0524] The resource mapper 1050 may map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include a plurality of symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 may generate a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal may be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an upconverter.

[0525] It is possible to configure the signal processing process for the signal received in the wireless device in a manner opposite to the Fig.28 signal processing processes (1010 to 1060). For example, a wireless device (e.g., Fig. 27 100, 200) may receive a radio signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal by a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource demapping process, a post-coding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codeword may be restored to the original information block through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for receiving signals may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0526] Fig.29 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services (refer to Fig.26 ). Fig.29 The embodiments of

[0527] may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig.29 Referring to Fig. 27 , the wireless devices (100, 200) may correspond to the Fig. 27 wireless devices (100, 200), and may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and one or more transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Fig. 27 one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of Fig. 27One or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the storage unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs / codes / commands / information stored in the storage unit 130. The control unit 120 may send the information stored in the storage unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the storage unit 130.

[0528] The additional components 140 may be configured in various ways according to the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in forms including but not limited to the following: a robot ( Fig.26 100a), a vehicle ( Fig.26 100b-1 and 100b-2), an XR device ( Fig.26 100c), a handheld device ( Fig.26 100d), a household appliance ( Fig.26 100e), an IoT device ( Fig.26 100f), a digital broadcast terminal, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device ( Fig.26 400), a BS ( Fig.26 200), a network node, etc. According to use cases / services, the wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed location.

[0529] In Fig.29In this case, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices (100, 200) can all be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least some of them can be connected wirelessly through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be connected by a wired connection, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be connected wirelessly through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be constructed by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be constructed by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the storage unit 130 can be constructed by a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0530] Hereinafter, examples of implementing Fig.29 will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0531] Fig.30 FIG. shows a handheld device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The handheld device can include a smart phone, a smart board, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The handheld device can be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT). Fig.30 Embodiments of

[0532] Referring to Fig.30 , the handheld device 100 can include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 can be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c respectively correspond to Fig.29 blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of

[0533] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or a BS. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the components of the handheld device 100. The control unit 120 can include an application processor (AP). The storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive the handheld device 100. The storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. The power supply unit 140a can supply power to the handheld device 100 and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b can support the connection of the handheld device 100 to other external devices. The interface unit 140b can include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). The I / O unit 140c can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The I / O unit 140c can include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and / or a tactile module.

[0534] For example, in the case of data communication, the I / O unit 140c can acquire information / signals input by a user (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the storage unit 130. The communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into a radio signal and directly send the converted radio signal to other wireless devices or to the BS. The communication unit 110 can receive a radio signal from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signal to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the storage unit 130 and can be output through the I / O unit 140 in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or tactile).

[0535] Fig.31 A vehicle or an autonomous vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The vehicle or the autonomous vehicle can be implemented by a mobile robot, an automobile, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. Fig.31 Embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0536] Reference Fig.31 , the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 can include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 can be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d respectively correspond to Fig.29 blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of.

[0537] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and roadside units), and servers. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 can include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to travel on the road. The driving unit 140a can include an engine, a motor, a transmission system, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c can include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a lighting sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for keeping the lane in which the vehicle travels, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a determined path, technologies for driving by automatically setting a path when a destination is set, etc.

[0538] For example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the acquired data. The control unit 120 can control the driving unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 can move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can acquire the latest traffic information data from the external server non-periodically / periodically and acquire surrounding traffic information data from adjacent vehicles. During autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 110 can transmit information about the vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and / or the driving plan to the external server. The external server can use AI technologies, etc. to predict traffic information data based on the information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0539] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or executed in a device, and the technical features in the device claims can be combined to be implemented or executed in a method. Additionally, the technical features in (one or more) method claims and (one or more) device claims can be combined to be implemented or executed in a device. Additionally, the technical features in (one or more) method claims and (one or more) device claims can be combined to be implemented or executed in a method.

Claims

1. A method for performing wireless communication by a first device, the method comprising the steps of: Obtaining information related to positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, wherein the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of the PRS resource; Based on the PRS configuration, sending a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device; Receiving a second SL PRS from the second device; and Based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS, obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and the second device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Based on the first displacement vector, the second displacement vector, and a relative displacement between the first device and the second device, obtaining the information related to the distance between the first device and the second device.

3. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the steps of: Obtaining information related to a distance between the first device and a third device; and Based on the distance between the first device and the second device and the distance between the first device and the third device, obtaining information related to a position of the first device.

4. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the steps of: Sending a third SL PRS to the second device; and wherein, based on the first displacement vector, the second displacement vector, and a third displacement vector regarding a path of the third SL PRS, obtaining the information related to the distance between the first device and the second device.

5. The method according to claim 2, the method further comprising the steps of: Based on the relative displacement, converting the first TOF to a third TOF, and wherein, based on the third TOF and the second TOF, obtaining the information related to the distance between the first device and the second device.

6. The method according to claim 2, the method further comprising the steps of: Based on the relative displacement, converting the second TOF to a fourth TOF, and wherein, based on the first TOF and the fourth TOF, obtaining the information related to the distance between the first device and the second device.

7. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the steps of: Obtaining information related to a second time when the first SL PRS is received and information related to a third time when the second SL PRS is sent, and wherein the first TOF is obtained based on a first time when the first SL PRS is sent and the second time, and wherein the second TOF is obtained based on the third time and a fourth time when the second SL PRS is received.

8. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the steps of: Sending at least one of information about the speed of the first device and information about the direction of the first device to a location server.

9. The method according to claim 2, the method further comprising the steps of: Obtaining information related to the difference between the first time when the first SL PRS is sent and the fourth time when the second SL PRS is received; And Based on the information related to the difference, obtaining information about the relative displacement.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, Based on the speed of the first device between the first time when the first SL PRS is sent and the fourth time when the second SL PRS is received and the information related to the difference, obtaining information about the relative displacement.

11. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the steps of: Obtaining at least one of an angle of arrival AoA and an angle of departure AoD at the first time when the first SL PRS is sent; and Based on at least one of the AoA and the AoD, obtaining information related to the direction of the first displacement vector.

12. The method according to claim 11, the method further comprising the steps of: Obtaining at least one of an angle of arrival AoA and an angle of departure AoD at the fourth time when the second SL PRS is received; and Based on at least one of the AoA and the AoD, obtaining information related to the direction of the second displacement vector; And Wherein, based on the direction of the first displacement vector and the first TOF and the direction of the second displacement vector and the second TOF, obtaining the information related to the distance between the first device and the second device.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the speed change per unit time of the first device being greater than or equal to a threshold, obtaining the information related to the distance between the first device and the second device.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the displacement change per unit time of the first device being greater than or equal to a threshold, obtaining the information related to the distance between the first device and the second device.

15. A first device for performing wireless communication, the first device comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; And At least one memory, the at least one memory being operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtaining information related to a positioning reference signal PRS configuration, Wherein, the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to the starting time slot of the PRS resource or information related to the starting symbol of the PRS resource; Based on the PRS configuration, sending a first sidelink SL PRS to a second device; Receiving a second SL PRS from the second device; and Obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

16. A device adapted to control a first device, the device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory being operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations, the operations including: obtain information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, wherein the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of the PRS resource; based on the PRS configuration, send a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device; receive a second SL PRS from the second device; and obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause a first device to perform operations, the operations including: obtain information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, wherein the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of the PRS resource; based on the PRS configuration, send a first sidelink (SL) PRS to a second device; receive a second SL PRS from the second device; and obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

18. A method for a second device to perform wireless communication, the method comprising the steps of: obtain information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, wherein the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of the PRS resource; based on the PRS configuration, receive a first sidelink (SL) PRS from a first device; send a second SL PRS to the first device; and Obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first sidelink (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

19. A second device for performing wireless communication, the second device comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; And At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, wherein the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of the PRS resource; Receive a first sidelink (SL) PRS from a first device based on the PRS configuration; Send a second SL PRS to the first device; and Obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

20. An apparatus adapted to control a second device, the apparatus comprising: At least one processor; And At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, wherein the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of the PRS resource; Receive a first sidelink (SL) PRS from a first device based on the PRS configuration; Send a second SL PRS to the first device; and Obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to the path of the first SL PRS within a first time of flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to the path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause a second device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain information related to a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration, wherein the information related to the PRS configuration includes at least one of information related to a start time slot of a PRS resource or information related to a start symbol of the PRS resource; Receive a first sidelink (SL) Physical Random Sequence (PRS) from a first device based on the PRS configuration; Send a second SL PRS to the first device; and Obtain information related to the distance between the first device and the second device based on a first displacement vector related to a path of the first SL PRS within a first time-of-flight (TOF) of the first SL PRS and a second displacement vector related to a path of the second SL PRS within a second TOF of the second SL PRS.

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