Turbocharger with variable section

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of turbochargers, and discloses a section-variable turbocharger which comprises an exhaust shell and a supercharging shell which are connected with each other, a fan shaft is rotatably mounted in the exhaust shell, and a group of exhaust fan blades are mounted on the fan shaft and correspond to the inner side of the exhaust shell; a driving screw rod driven by a motor is rotationally mounted on the exhaust shell, two adjusting rings with an adjustable distance are mounted on the driving screw rod in a transmission manner and correspond to the inner side of the exhaust shell, and a rotary baffle disc is rotationally mounted on the inner wall of each of the two adjusting rings. The total waste gas amount and waste gas pressure needed when the fan shaft rotates by one circle are changed by changing the width of the air outlet section of the exhaust fan blade, then the driving ratio of the waste gas in unit volume to the number of rotation circles of the fan shaft is finally adjusted, the smaller the distance between the two rotation blocking discs is, the higher the gas compression efficiency in the pressurization shell is, and otherwise, the smaller the gas compression efficiency is. And finally, the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger is adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of turbochargers, and more specifically, to a turbocharger with a variable cross-section. Background Art

[0002] Existing turbochargers are used to connect with engines. They utilize the inertial impulse of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine to drive the turbine in the turbine chamber. The turbine then drives the coaxial impeller, and the impeller compresses the air sent from the air filter pipeline, increasing its pressure and sending it into the cylinder.

[0003] In the prior art, the patent document with the publication number CN221032843U discloses a variable cross-section turbocharger, including a main body module. The main body module includes a turbocharger main body, an intake pipeline installed on the turbocharger main body, a housing fixed on one side of the intake pipeline, and a turntable rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the housing. The above-mentioned supercharger changes the air flow channels with different cross-sections at the intake pipe through the rotation of the turntable. As the cross-section of the air flow channel shrinks, the pressure of the exhaust gas increases when it enters the intake pipe, and the pressurized exhaust gas will blow the turbine to rotate at a high speed, realizing the change of the exhaust gas pressure, thereby avoiding the occurrence of problems such as turbocharger lag and insignificant supercharging effect at low speeds. However, the above-mentioned supercharger has the following technical problems when in use:

[0004] 1. It is not convenient to realize the online non-stop adjustment of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade and adjust the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger;

[0005] 2. The turbine blades are prone to dust accumulation during long-term operation, affecting heat dissipation and supercharging efficiency;

[0006] 3. The traditional filter disk performs static filtration and cannot self-clean, resulting in an increase in intake resistance;

[0007] Based on this, the present invention provides a turbocharger with a variable cross-section to solve the technical problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a turbocharger with a variable cross-section. By changing the width of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade, the total amount and pressure of the exhaust gas required for the fan shaft to rotate one week are changed, and then the driving ratio of the number of rotations of the exhaust gas on the fan shaft per unit volume is ultimately adjusted. The smaller the distance between the two rotating disks, the higher the gas compression efficiency in the supercharging housing, and vice versa. Thus, the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger is ultimately adjusted.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A turbocharger with variable cross-section, comprising an exhaust housing and a supercharger housing connected to each other. A fan shaft is rotatably installed in the exhaust housing. A set of exhaust fan blades is installed on the fan shaft at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing. A driving lead screw driven by a motor is rotatably installed on the exhaust housing. Two adjusting rings with adjustable spacing are drivingly installed on the driving lead screw at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing. A rotating blocking disc is rotatably installed on the inner wall of each of the two adjusting rings. A fan hole that fits the exhaust fan blade is formed on the inner wall of the rotating blocking disc at a position corresponding to each exhaust fan blade. The exhaust fan blade is inserted into the fan hole. A supercharger shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the supercharger housing. The supercharger shaft is rotatably connected to the fan shaft through a bearing. The supercharger shaft is linked to the fan shaft through a continuously variable transmission mechanism. A set of turbine blades is installed on the supercharger shaft at a position corresponding to the inner side of the supercharger housing. A cleaning mechanism for reciprocally cleaning the turbine blades and a water cooling component for water cooling the turbine blades are provided in the supercharger housing. An air intake filtering mechanism is communicated with the side surface of the supercharger housing.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an exhaust gas inlet pipe and an exhaust gas outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the exhaust housing. A supercharger pipe is communicated with the supercharger housing. A single-chip microcomputer is installed on the side surface of the exhaust housing. A temperature probe and a gas flow rate sensor are installed on both the exhaust gas inlet pipe and the supercharger pipe. The data ends of the temperature probe and the gas flow rate sensor are data-connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the continuously variable transmission mechanism includes a threaded transmission section provided on the driving lead screw, a first transmission cone column and a second transmission cone column rotatably connected between the exhaust housing and the supercharger housing. An elastic belt is drivingly connected between the first transmission cone column and the second transmission cone column. A transmission frame is drivingly installed on the threaded transmission section. Two T-shaped guide rods are installed on the back surface of the transmission frame. Both of the two T-shaped guide rods are slidably connected to the exhaust housing. A set of limiting rollers is rotatably connected to the transmission frame at positions corresponding to both sides of the elastic belt. A first belt is drivingly installed between the first transmission cone column and the fan shaft. A second belt is drivingly installed between the second transmission cone column and the supercharger shaft.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cone head directions of the first transmission cone column and the second transmission cone column are opposite, and the axis of the limiting roller is perpendicular to the axis of the first transmission cone column.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a positive thread section and a reverse thread section are symmetrically arranged on the driving lead screw at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing. The positive thread section and the reverse thread section are respectively drivingly connected to the two adjusting rings.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cleaning mechanism includes a reciprocating screw and a large gear shaft rotatably connected to the supercharger shell, a third belt is transmission-connected between the large gear shaft and the second transmission cone column, a half-tooth gear is installed on the large gear shaft, a driven gear is installed on the reciprocating screw, the half-tooth gear is transmission-connected to the driven gear, a torsion spring is provided at the rotational connection between the reciprocating screw and the supercharger shell, a reciprocating ring is transmission-installed on the reciprocating screw and corresponding to the position on the inner side of the supercharger shell, a rotating brush plate is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the reciprocating ring, and a cleaning hole that fits the turbine blade is provided inside the rotating brush plate and corresponding to the position of each turbine blade.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the radius of the half-tooth gear is 6 to 8 times the radius of the driven gear, the axis of the reciprocating screw is parallel to the axis of the boost shaft, and the shape of the cleaning hole is adapted to the shape of the turbine blade.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the air intake filter mechanism includes an air intake cylinder, the tail end of the air intake cylinder is connected to the inner cavity of the supercharger shell, a transmission bevel gear is installed on the supercharger shaft, an elastic filter disc is rotatably installed inside the air intake cylinder, the elastic filter disc is fixedly connected to the supercharger shaft, two symmetrically arranged convex variable shafts are rotatably installed inside the air intake cylinder and corresponding to the inner side of the elastic filter disc, each of the two convex variable shafts is installed with a driven bevel gear, each of the two driven bevel gears is transmission-connected with the transmission bevel gear, each of the two convex variable shafts is installed with a deformation cam, the deformation cam is in contact with the elastic filter disc, and a rubber scraper is installed on the inner wall of the air intake cylinder and corresponding to the outer side of the elastic filter disc.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the elastic filter disc and the rubber scraper are both made of silicone material, and the elastic filter disc is evenly distributed with filter holes, and the axis of the filter holes is parallel to the axis of the air intake cylinder.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water-cooling component includes a water-cooling cavity opened in the boost shaft, each of the turbine blades is provided with a water-cooling channel connected to the water-cooling cavity, a group of heat dissipation blades distributed in a circular array are installed on the boost shaft and corresponding to the outer side of the boost shell, each of the heat dissipation blades is provided with a heat dissipation cavity connected to the water-cooling cavity, and a group of fan blades are installed on the fan shaft and corresponding to the outer side of the exhaust shell.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. In the present invention, when it is necessary to change the width of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade, by driving the driving screw rod, the distance between the two rotary blocking discs is changed. By changing the distance between the two rotary blocking discs, the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade is then changed. By changing the width of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade, the total amount of waste gas and the waste gas pressure required when the fan shaft rotates one week are changed, and then the driving ratio of the number of rotations of the waste gas on the fan shaft per unit volume is finally adjusted. The smaller the distance between the two rotary blocking discs, the higher the gas compression efficiency in the supercharger housing, and vice versa. Furthermore, the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger is finally adjusted.

[0021] 2. In the present invention, when the driving screw rod rotates, the position of the speed change frame relative to the first driving cone column and the second driving cone column is changed through the threaded transmission section, and then the transmission ratio of the fan shaft to the fan shaft is finally changed. The smaller the distance between the two rotary blocking discs or the smaller the width of the air outlet cross-section of the two exhaust fan blades, the higher the rotational speed of the fan shaft and the higher the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger housing.

[0022] 3. In the present invention, through the arrangement of the semi-toothed gear, the torsion spring and the driven gear, the reciprocating screw rod can reciprocate forward and reverse within a set period. Through the reciprocating forward and reverse of the reciprocating screw rod within the set period, the rotary brush plate can reciprocate within the supercharger housing. When the rotary brush plate reciprocates within the supercharger housing, the rotary brush plate can reciprocally clean the cleaning holes, and through the reciprocal cleaning of the rotary brush plate on the turbine blades, the dust accumulation rate of the turbine blades can be effectively reduced.

[0023] 4. In the present invention, when the supercharging shaft is driven, the elastic filter disc rotates at a set speed. When the elastic filter disc rotates, the convex change shaft rotates at a set speed. Through the rotation of the convex change shaft and the elastic filter disc, the elastic filter disc can be cyclically and forcibly deformed. Through the forced deformation of the elastic filter disc, the dust adhered to the outer surface of the elastic filter disc can be forcibly extruded and removed, thereby reducing the dust accumulation rate and fouling rate on the outer surface of the elastic filter disc. During water cooling, the fan blade rotates at a set speed. After the fan blade rotates, the cooling liquid in the water cooling cavity is then cooled, and further maintains the low temperature state of the cooling liquid in the water cooling cavity. Through maintaining the low temperature state of the cooling liquid, the high-efficiency water cooling and heat dissipation of the turbine blades are realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a turbine supercharger with variable cross-section according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the driving screw rod and the air intake cylinder according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is for the present invention Figure 2 is a partial enlarged structural diagram at A in;

[0027] Figure 4For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure at position B in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the speed change frame and the rotary shift disk of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the driving lead screw and the exhaust fan blade of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting ring and the fan hole of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the turbine blade and the fan shaft of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rotary brush plate and the turbine blade of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the large gear shaft and the semi-gear of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Exhaust housing; 2. Supercharger housing; 3. Fan shaft; 4. Exhaust fan blade; 5. Driving lead screw; 6. Adjusting ring; 7. Rotary shift disk; 8. Fan hole; 9. Supercharger shaft; 10. Turbine blade; 11. Exhaust gas inlet pipe; 12. Exhaust gas outlet pipe; 13. Supercharger pipe; 14. Single-chip microcomputer; 15. Temperature probe; 16. Gas flow rate sensor; 17. First drive cone; 18. Second drive cone; 19. Speed change frame; 20. T-shaped guide rod; 21. Limiting roller; 22. Reciprocating lead screw; 23. Large gear shaft; 24. Semi-gear; 25. Driven gear; 26. Torsion spring; 27. Reciprocating ring; 28. Rotary brush plate; 29. Cleaning hole; 30. Air intake cylinder; 31. Elastic filter disc; 32. Convex variable shaft; 33. Deformation cam; 34. Rubber scraping strip; 35. Water cooling cavity; 36. Water cooling branch; 37. Radiating fin; 38. Wind blade; 39. Elastic belt. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] As Figures 1 to 10 shown, the present invention provides a turbocharger with variable cross-section, including an exhaust housing 1 and a supercharger housing 2 connected to each other;

[0037] An exhaust gas inlet pipe 11 and an exhaust gas outlet pipe 12 are respectively communicated with the exhaust housing 1;

[0038] Through the arrangement of the exhaust gas inlet pipe 11, the external exhaust gas is sent to the inner cavity of the exhaust housing 1. Through the arrangement of the exhaust gas outlet pipe 12, the exhaust gas entering the exhaust housing 1 is discharged.

[0039] A fan shaft 3 is rotatably installed in the exhaust housing 1. A group of exhaust fan blades 4 are installed on the fan shaft 3 at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing 1. A drive lead screw 5 driven by a motor is rotatably installed on the exhaust housing 1. Two adjustable-spacing adjusting rings 6 are drivingly installed on the drive lead screw 5 at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing 1. A rotating baffle plate 7 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of each of the two adjusting rings 6. A fan hole 8 that fits the exhaust fan blade 4 is formed on the inner wall of the rotating baffle plate 7 at a position corresponding to each exhaust fan blade 4. The exhaust fan blade 4 is inserted into the fan hole 8.

[0040] The shape of the fan hole 8 is adapted to the shape of the exhaust fan blade 4.

[0041] A positive thread section and a reverse thread section are symmetrically arranged on the drive lead screw 5 at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing 1. The positive thread section and the reverse thread section are respectively drivingly connected to the two adjusting rings 6.

[0042] Through the arrangement of the positive thread section and the reverse thread section, the two rotating baffle plates 7 can approach or move away from each other synchronously. Through the synchronous approach or synchronous separation of the two rotating baffle plates 7, the distance between the two rotating baffle plates 7 can be quickly changed.

[0043] The intake port position of the exhaust gas inlet pipe 11 and the outlet port position of the exhaust gas outlet pipe 12 are both arranged between the two rotating baffle plates 7.

[0044] When it is necessary to change the width of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade 4, by driving the drive lead screw 5, the distance between the two rotating baffle plates 7 is changed. Through the change of the distance between the two rotating baffle plates 7, the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade 4 is changed. Through the change of the width of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade 4, the total amount of exhaust gas and the exhaust gas pressure required when the fan shaft 3 rotates one week are changed. Then, the drive ratio of the number of rotation circles of the exhaust gas on the fan shaft 3 per unit volume is finally adjusted. The smaller the distance between the two rotating baffle plates 7, the higher the gas compression efficiency in the supercharger housing 2, and vice versa. Thus, the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger is finally adjusted.

[0045] The inner wall of the supercharger housing 2 is rotatably connected to a supercharging shaft 9. The supercharging shaft 9 is rotatably connected to the fan shaft 3 through a bearing. The supercharging shaft 9 is linked to the fan shaft 3 through a stepless speed change mechanism.

[0046] Through the arrangement of the stepless speed change mechanism, the speed ratio between the fan shaft 3 and the supercharging shaft 9 is changed, and thus the supercharging efficiency of the supercharging shaft 9 is adjusted.

[0047] The continuously variable transmission mechanism includes a threaded transmission section arranged on the driving screw 5, a first transmission cone column 17 and a second transmission cone column 18 which are rotatably connected between the exhaust casing 1 and the supercharging casing 2, an elastic belt 39 is connected between the first transmission cone column 17 and the second transmission cone column 18, a transmission frame 19 is installed on the threaded transmission section, and two T-shaped guide rods 20 are installed on the back of the transmission frame 19, and the two T-shaped guide rods 20 are both slidably connected to the exhaust casing 1;

[0048] A set of limiting rollers 21 are rotatably connected to the speed change frame 19 and the positions corresponding to both sides of the elastic belt 39. A first belt is installed between the first transmission cone column 17 and the fan shaft 3, and a second belt is installed between the second transmission cone column 18 and the supercharger shaft 9.

[0049] The cone heads of the first transmission cone column 17 and the second transmission cone column 18 are in opposite directions, and the axis of the limiting roller 21 is perpendicular to the axis of the first transmission cone column 17;

[0050] When the driving screw 5 rotates, the position of the speed change frame 19 relative to the first transmission cone column 17 and the second transmission cone column 18 is changed through the threaded transmission section, thereby finally changing the transmission ratio of the fan shaft 3 to the fan shaft 3;

[0051] The smaller the distance between the two rotary baffles 7 or the smaller the width of the air outlet cross section of the two exhaust fan blades 4, the higher the rotation speed of the fan shaft 3 and the higher the supercharging efficiency of the supercharging shell 2;

[0052] A group of turbine blades 10 are installed on the supercharger shaft 9 and at a position corresponding to the inner side of the supercharger shell 2. The supercharger shell 2 is provided with a cleaning mechanism for reciprocatingly cleaning the turbine blades 10 and a water-cooling component for water-cooling the turbine blades 10. The side of the supercharger shell 2 is connected to an air intake filter mechanism.

[0053] A boost pipe 13 is connected to the boost shell 2, a single-chip computer 14 is installed on the side of the exhaust shell 1, a temperature probe 15 and a gas flow rate sensor 16 are installed on the exhaust gas inlet pipe 11 and the boost pipe 13, and the data ends of the temperature probe 15 and the gas flow rate sensor 16 are connected to the single-chip computer 14 data.

[0054] When in use, the single chip microcomputer 14 controls the rotation state of the driving screw 5 and adjusts the distance between the two rotary baffles 7 and the transmission ratio of the fan shaft 3 to the supercharging shaft 9 according to the feedback of the temperature probe 15 and the gas flow rate sensor 16;

[0055] When it is necessary to increase the gas flow rate of the boosting pipe 13 or the total amount of gas discharged per unit time by the boosting pipe 13, the distance between the two rotary baffles 7 becomes smaller until the gas flow rate in the boosting pipe 13 reaches the set value;

[0056] The temperature probe 15, the gas flow rate sensor 16 and the single chip computer 14 can be customized or selected according to actual needs;

[0057] The cleaning mechanism includes a reciprocating lead screw 22 and a large gear shaft 23 rotatably connected to the supercharging housing 2. There is a third belt drivingly connected between the large gear shaft 23 and the second drive cone column 18;

[0058] A half-tooth gear 24 is installed on the large gear shaft 23, and a driven gear 25 is installed on the reciprocating lead screw 22. The half-tooth gear 24 is drivingly connected to the driven gear 25. A torsion spring 26 is provided at the rotational connection between the reciprocating lead screw 22 and the supercharging housing 2;

[0059] The axis of the reciprocating lead screw 22 is parallel to the axis of the supercharging shaft 9;

[0060] The radius of the half-tooth gear 24 is 7 times the radius of the driven gear 25;

[0061] A reciprocating ring 27 is drivingly installed on the reciprocating lead screw 22 at a position corresponding to the inside of the supercharging housing 2. A rotary brush plate 28 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the reciprocating ring 27. A cleaning hole 29 that fits the turbine blade 10 is provided inside the rotary brush plate 28 at a position corresponding to each turbine blade 10. The shape of the cleaning hole 29 is adapted to the shape of the turbine blade 10;

[0062] Through the settings of the half-tooth gear 24, the torsion spring 26 and the driven gear 25, the reciprocating lead screw 22 can reciprocate forward and reverse within a set period. Through the reciprocating forward and reverse of the reciprocating lead screw 22 within the set period, the rotary brush plate 28 can reciprocate within the supercharging housing 2. After the rotary brush plate 28 reciprocates within the supercharging housing 2, the reciprocating cleaning of the cleaning hole 29 by the rotary brush plate 28 is realized;

[0063] Through the reciprocating cleaning of the turbine blade 10 by the rotary brush plate 28, the dust accumulation rate of the turbine blade 10 can be effectively reduced.

[0064] The intake air filtering mechanism includes an intake cylinder 30. The tail end of the intake cylinder 30 is communicated with the inner cavity of the supercharging housing 2. A driving bevel gear is installed on the supercharging shaft 9. An elastic filter disc 31 is rotatably installed inside the intake cylinder 30. The elastic filter disc 31 is fixedly connected to the supercharging shaft 9. Two symmetrically arranged convex variable shafts 32 are rotatably installed inside the intake cylinder 30 at a position corresponding to the inside of the elastic filter disc 31. A driven bevel gear is installed on each of the two convex variable shafts 32. Both of the two driven bevel gears are drivingly connected to the driving bevel gear. A deformation cam 33 is installed on each of the two convex variable shafts 32. The deformation cam 33 is in contact with the elastic filter disc 31. A rubber scraping strip 34 is installed on the inner wall of the intake cylinder 30 at a position corresponding to the outside of the elastic filter disc 31.

[0065] Both the elastic filter disc 31 and the rubber scraping strip 34 are made of silica gel. The filtering holes are evenly distributed on the elastic filter disc 31. The axis of the filtering hole is parallel to the axis of the intake cylinder 30.

[0066] When the supercharging shaft 9 is driven, the elastic filter disc 31 rotates at a set speed. When the elastic filter disc 31 rotates, the convex variable shaft 32 rotates at a set speed. Through the rotation of the convex variable shaft 32 and the elastic filter disc 31, the elastic filter disc 31 can be cyclically and forcibly deformed. Through the forced deformation of the elastic filter disc 31, the dust adhered to the outer surface of the elastic filter disc 31 can be forcibly extruded and removed, thereby reducing the dust accumulation rate and fouling rate on the outer surface of the elastic filter disc 31;

[0067] The water-cooling component includes a water-cooling cavity 35 opened in the supercharging shaft 9. A water-cooling branch channel 36 communicating with the water-cooling cavity 35 is opened inside each turbine blade 10. A group of heat-dissipating blades 37 distributed in a circumferential array is installed on the supercharging shaft 9 at a position corresponding to the outside of the supercharging housing 2. A heat-dissipating cavity communicating with the water-cooling cavity 35 is opened inside each heat-dissipating blade 37. A group of wind blades 38 is installed on the fan shaft 3 at a position corresponding to the outside of the exhaust housing 1.

[0068] During water-cooling, the wind blades 38 rotate at a set speed. After the wind blades 38 rotate, the water-cooling liquid in the water-cooling cavity 35 is then cooled, thereby maintaining the low-temperature state of the water-cooling liquid in the water-cooling cavity 35. Through the maintenance of the low-temperature state of the water-cooling liquid, the efficient water-cooling and heat-dissipation of the turbine blades 10 are realized.

[0069] Working principle and usage process of the present invention: In the present invention, when it is necessary to change the width of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade 4, by driving the driving screw rod 5, the distance between the two rotating blocking disks 7 is changed. By changing the distance between the two rotating blocking disks 7, the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade 4 is then changed. By changing the width of the air outlet cross-section of the exhaust fan blade 4, the total amount of waste gas and the waste gas pressure required when the fan shaft 3 rotates one week are changed, and then the driving ratio of the number of rotations of the waste gas on the fan shaft 3 per unit volume is finally adjusted. The smaller the distance between the two rotating blocking disks 7, the higher the gas compression efficiency in the supercharger housing 2, and vice versa. Furthermore, the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger is finally adjusted. When the driving screw rod 5 rotates, the position of the speed-changing frame 19 relative to the first transmission cone column 17 and the second transmission cone column 18 is changed through the threaded transmission section, and then the transmission ratio of the fan shaft 3 to the fan shaft 3 is finally changed. The smaller the distance between the two rotating blocking disks 7 or the smaller the width of the air outlet cross-section of the two exhaust fan blades 4, the higher the rotational speed of the fan shaft 3 and the higher the supercharging efficiency of the supercharger housing 2. Through the settings of the semi-toothed gear 24, the torsion spring 26, and the driven gear 25, the reciprocating screw rod 22 can reciprocate forward and reverse within a set period. Through the reciprocating forward and reverse of the reciprocating screw rod 22 within a set period, the rotary brush plate 28 can reciprocate within the supercharger housing 2. After the rotary brush plate 28 reciprocates within the supercharger housing 2, the rotary brush plate 28 can reciprocally clean the cleaning holes 29. Through the reciprocal cleaning of the turbine blade 10 by the rotary brush plate 28, the dust deposition rate of the turbine blade 10 can be effectively reduced. When the supercharging shaft 9 is driven, the elastic filter disk 31 rotates at a set speed. When the elastic filter disk 31 rotates, the convex deformation shaft 32 rotates at a set speed. Through the rotation of the convex deformation shaft 32 and the elastic filter disk 31, the elastic filter disk 31 can be cyclically and forcibly deformed. Through the forced deformation of the elastic filter disk 31, the dust adhered to the outer surface of the elastic filter disk 31 can be forcibly extruded out, thereby reducing the dust deposition rate and fouling rate on the outer surface of the elastic filter disk 31. During water cooling, the fan blade 38 rotates at a set speed. After the fan blade 38 rotates, the cooling liquid in the water cooling chamber 35 is then cooled, thereby maintaining the low temperature state of the cooling liquid in the water cooling chamber 35. Through the maintenance of the low temperature state of the cooling liquid, the high-efficiency water cooling and heat dissipation of the turbine blade 10 are achieved.

[0070] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0071] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A turbocharger with variable cross-section, comprising an exhaust housing (1) and a supercharging housing (2) connected to each other, characterized in that: A fan shaft (3) is rotatably installed in the exhaust housing (1). A set of exhaust fan blades (4) is installed on the fan shaft (3) at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing (1). A driving lead screw (5) driven by a motor is rotatably installed on the exhaust housing (1). Two adjustable-spacing adjusting rings (6) are drivingly installed on the driving lead screw (5) at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing (1). A rotating baffle plate (7) is rotatably installed on the inner walls of the two adjusting rings (6). Fan holes (8) are formed in the inner wall of the rotating baffle plate (7) at positions corresponding to each exhaust fan blade (4). The exhaust fan blades (4) are inserted into the fan holes (8). A supercharging shaft (9) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the supercharging housing (2). The supercharging shaft (9) is rotatably connected to the fan shaft (3) through a bearing. The supercharging shaft (9) is linked to the fan shaft (3) through a stepless speed change mechanism. A set of turbine blades (10) is installed on the supercharging shaft (9) at a position corresponding to the inner side of the supercharging housing (2). A cleaning mechanism for reciprocally cleaning the turbine blades (10) and a water cooling component for water cooling the turbine blades (10) are provided in the supercharging housing (2). An air intake filtering mechanism is communicated with the side surface of the supercharging housing (2).

2. The variable cross-section turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein: A waste gas inlet pipe (11) and a waste gas outlet pipe (12) are respectively communicated with the exhaust housing (1). A supercharging pipe (13) is communicated with the supercharging housing (2). A single-chip microcomputer (14) is installed on the side surface of the exhaust housing (1). A temperature probe (15) and a gas flow rate sensor (16) are installed on both the waste gas inlet pipe (11) and the supercharging pipe (13). The data ends of the temperature probe (15) and the gas flow rate sensor (16) are data-connected to the single-chip microcomputer (14).

3. A turbocharger with variable cross-section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stepless speed change mechanism includes a threaded transmission section provided on the driving lead screw (5), a first transmission cone (17) and a second transmission cone (18) rotatably connected between the exhaust housing (1) and the supercharging housing (2). An elastic belt (39) is drivingly connected between the first transmission cone (17) and the second transmission cone (18). A speed change frame (19) is drivingly installed on the threaded transmission section. Two T-shaped guide rods (20) are installed on the back surface of the speed change frame (19). Both of the two T-shaped guide rods (20) are slidably connected to the exhaust housing (1). A set of limiting rollers (21) is rotatably connected to the speed change frame (19) at positions corresponding to both sides of the elastic belt (39). A first belt is drivingly installed between the first transmission cone (17) and the fan shaft (3). A second belt is drivingly installed between the second transmission cone (18) and the supercharging shaft (9).

4. The variable cross-section turbocharger according to claim 3, wherein: The cone head directions of the first transmission cone (17) and the second transmission cone (18) are opposite. The axis of the limiting roller (21) is perpendicular to the axis of the first transmission cone (17).

5. A turbocharger with variable cross-section according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positive thread section and a reverse thread section are symmetrically arranged on the driving lead screw (5) at a position corresponding to the inner side of the exhaust housing (1). The positive thread section and the reverse thread section are respectively drivingly connected to the two adjusting rings (6).

6. A turbocharger with variable cross-section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism comprises a reciprocating screw (22) and a large gear shaft (23) rotatably connected to the supercharger shell (2); a third belt is connected in transmission between the large gear shaft (23) and the second transmission cone column (18); a half-tooth gear (24) is installed on the large gear shaft (23); a driven gear (25) is installed on the reciprocating screw (22); the half-tooth gear (24) is connected in transmission with the driven gear (25); a torsion spring (26) is provided at the rotation connection between the reciprocating screw (22) and the supercharger shell (2); a reciprocating ring (27) is installed in transmission on the reciprocating screw (22) and at a position corresponding to the inner side of the supercharger shell (2); a rotating brush plate (28) is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the reciprocating ring (27); a cleaning hole (29) is provided in the interior of the rotating brush plate (28) and at a position corresponding to each turbine blade (10) and is fitted with the turbine blade (10).

7. A turbocharger with variable cross-section according to claim 6, characterized in that: The radius of the half-toothed gear (24) is 6 to 8 times the radius of the driven gear (25), the axis of the reciprocating screw (22) is parallel to the axis of the supercharger shaft (9), and the shape of the cleaning hole (29) is adapted to the shape of the turbine blade (10).

8. A turbocharger with variable cross-section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake filter mechanism comprises an air intake cylinder (30), the tail end of the air intake cylinder (30) is connected to the inner cavity of the supercharger shell (2), a transmission bevel gear is installed on the supercharger shaft (9), an elastic filter disc (31) is rotatably installed inside the air intake cylinder (30), the elastic filter disc (31) is fixedly connected to the supercharger shaft (9), two symmetrically arranged convex change shafts (32) are rotatably installed inside the air intake cylinder (30) and at a position corresponding to the inner side of the elastic filter disc (31), both of the two convex change shafts (32) are installed with a driven bevel gear, both of the two driven bevel gears are transmission-connected with the transmission bevel gear, both of the two convex change shafts (32) are installed with a deformation cam (33), the deformation cam (33) is in contact with the elastic filter disc (31), and a rubber scraper (34) is installed on the inner wall of the air intake cylinder (30) and at a position corresponding to the outer side of the elastic filter disc (31).

9. A turbocharger with variable cross-section according to claim 8, characterized in that: The elastic filter disc (31) and the rubber scraper (34) are both made of silica gel. The elastic filter disc (31) is evenly distributed with filter holes, and the axis of the filter holes is parallel to the axis of the air intake cylinder (30).

10. A turbocharger with variable cross-section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water cooling component comprises a water cooling cavity (35) opened in the boost shaft (9), each of the turbine blades (10) is provided with a water cooling channel (36) connected to the water cooling cavity (35), a group of heat dissipation blades (37) distributed in a circumferential array are installed on the boost shaft (9) and at a position corresponding to the outer side of the boost shell (2), each of the heat dissipation blades (37) is provided with a heat dissipation cavity connected to the water cooling cavity (35), and a group of fan blades (38) are installed on the fan shaft (3) and at a position corresponding to the outer side of the exhaust shell (1).

Images