Large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator

Abstract

The invention relates to a rod-shaped composite insulator with large umbrella skirts, which is applied to the field of insulators, and is characterized in that an elastic insulating tube is additionally arranged on the basis of an existing insulator, and large and small umbrella skirts are sleeved on the elastic insulating tube, so that the modular design of the insulator is realized, and local replacement and maintenance are facilitated; meanwhile, the electrostrictive ring is arranged in the middle umbrella skirt, and the lower part of the middle umbrella skirt is expanded outwards after the electrostrictive ring is electrified, so that the umbrella diameter of the middle umbrella skirt is increased, the creepage distance is increased, formation of a rainwater chain can be effectively prevented in rainy and snowy weather, ice edge bridging can be effectively inhibited, and the flashover resistance of the insulator is further effectively improved; and the umbrella diameter of the small umbrella skirts is increased under the pressing of the middle umbrella skirts, so that the anti-pollution capability of the insulator is effectively improved, in addition, the umbrella diameter of the umbrella skirts is increased, the effects of deicing and snow removal can be achieved by virtue of the extension function of the umbrella skirts, and the anti-flashover capability is further effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] A large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator involved in the present invention, especially a large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator applied to the field of insulators. Background Art

[0002] Composite insulators are insulating devices widely used in power transmission and distribution systems, which are composed of multiple materials and are mainly used to support conductors, isolate potentials and provide mechanical strength. Compared with traditional ceramic or glass insulators, it has more excellent performance, especially in harsh environments.

[0003] Large umbrella skirt composite insulators can increase the creepage distance, improve the electric field distribution, enhance the pollution resistance performance, and increase the anti-flashover ability of insulators in rainy and snowy weather. For example, the insulator structure capable of preventing creepage phenomenon based on power equipment with the publication number CN112489897A, and the umbrella-shaped insulator with adjustable creepage distance with the publication number CN219778602U, both disclose the technology of increasing the creepage distance by adjusting the umbrella skirt.

[0004] However, the existing adjustment methods of insulators are all manual. Once adjusted during installation, they cannot be changed autonomously and cannot adaptively change according to weather conditions well. In areas with high ice and snow coverage, the anti-flashover ability of insulators will be greatly reduced, thus having a greater impact on transmission lines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the above-mentioned existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to dynamically adjust the umbrella diameter of the insulator adaptively to improve its anti-flashover ability in rainy and snowy weather.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator, including an upper fitting and a lower fitting distributed up and down, a core rod fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper fitting, an elastic buffer connecting column fixedly connected to the lower end of the core rod and having a threaded hole on the side wall, a bolt threadedly connected to the side wall of the lower fitting and matching with the threaded hole on the elastic buffer connecting column, a threaded sleeve fixedly connected to the upper fitting and the lower fitting, an elastic insulating tube threadedly connected between the two threaded sleeves and sleeved outside the core rod, a large umbrella skirt sleeved on the upper end of the elastic insulating tube and threadedly connected thereto, and a plurality of middle umbrella skirts and small umbrella skirts sleeved on the elastic insulating tube. The plurality of middle umbrella skirts and small umbrella skirts are arranged alternately, and a collar is fixedly connected to the inner circular side of the middle umbrella skirts and small umbrella skirts; Both the middle umbrella skirt and the small umbrella skirt include a fixed skirt and a variable skirt that are fixedly connected, and the fixed skirt and the variable skirt enclose a hollow umbrella-shaped structure. The sleeve ring includes a moving ring that is slidably connected to the elastic insulating tube and a fixed ring that is threadedly connected to the elastic insulating tube. The moving ring is fixedly connected to the variable skirt, and the fixed ring is fixedly connected to the fixed skirt. An electrostrictive ring is fixedly connected between the moving ring and the fixed ring on the middle umbrella skirt. The large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator further includes a weather monitoring module and a control processor installed on the transmission line tower, and a power supply module installed at the lower end of the elastic insulating tube. Annular grooves are formed on the side walls of two adjacent moving rings, and a circuit controller electrically connected to the electrostrictive ring is installed in the annular grooves. Insulating gaskets are fixedly connected to the openings of the two annular grooves, and a conductive ring connected to the circuit controller through an electric wire is fixedly inlaid in the middle of the insulating gasket. The lowermost circuit controller is electrically connected to the power supply module.

[0007] In the above-mentioned large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator, first, a modular design is adopted, which is convenient for local replacement and maintenance. Second, a combination of large and small umbrella skirts is adopted to effectively improve the pollution flashover voltage and self-cleaning property. Finally, the creepage distance is increased by increasing the umbrella diameter of the umbrella skirt, effectively improving the anti-flashover ability of the insulator in rainy and snowy weather, realizing the adaptive adjustment of the umbrella skirt, and the umbrella skirt can also play a role in deicing and snow removal during the dynamic adjustment process.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present application, the structural positions of the middle umbrella skirt and the small umbrella skirt are opposite, and the structural positions of the two sleeve rings respectively located on the middle umbrella skirt and the small umbrella skirt are also opposite.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, a plurality of conductive umbrella ribs are fixedly inlaid on the inner walls of the fixed skirt and the variable skirt and are distributed in a surrounding manner, and two opposite conductive umbrella ribs are fixedly connected as a whole. The conductive umbrella ribs and the electrostrictive ring are connected in parallel to the circuit controller.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, the hollow umbrella-shaped structure formed by the fixed skirt and the variable skirt is internally filled with self-healing liquid in a saturated manner, and a pressure maintaining ring is fixedly connected to the opening of the umbrella-shaped structure.

[0011] As a supplement to the further improvement of the present application, the pressure maintaining ring on the middle umbrella skirt bends outward, and the pressure maintaining ring on the small umbrella skirt bends inward.

[0012] As another improvement of the present application, a plurality of pressure sensors are fixedly inlaid on the inner walls on both sides of the annular groove, and a trigger pull rope is fixedly connected between the pressure sensor and the edge of the conductive ring. The trigger pull rope is in a bent state when the two moving rings are in contact, and the pressure sensor is signal-connected to the background supervision system through the control processor.

[0013] As a supplement to another improvement of the present application, an adhesion layer is also adhered to the outer surface of the insulating gasket. The adhesion layer includes an inner adhesion layer, a middle adhesion layer, and an outer adhesion layer that are distributed in sequence from the inside out, and the adhesiveness of the three layers decreases in sequence from the inside out.

[0014] As another improvement of the present application, the umbrella diameter of the large umbrella skirt is larger than that of the middle umbrella skirt, and the umbrella diameter of the middle umbrella skirt is larger than that of the small umbrella skirt. The difference in umbrella diameter between any two of the large umbrella skirt, the middle umbrella skirt, and the small umbrella skirt is greater than 20 millimeters.

[0015] In summary, by adding an elastic insulating tube on the basis of the existing insulator and sleeving umbrella skirts of different sizes on the elastic insulating tube, the modular design of the insulator is realized, which is convenient for local replacement and maintenance. At the same time, an electrostrictive ring is arranged inside the middle umbrella skirt. After the electrostrictive ring is powered on, the lower part of the middle umbrella skirt is pushed outwards to increase the umbrella diameter of the middle umbrella skirt, thereby increasing the creepage distance. In rainy and snowy weather, it can effectively prevent the formation of rain chains and effectively inhibit the bridging of ice ridges, thereby effectively improving the flashover resistance of the insulator. In addition, the small umbrella skirt also increases its umbrella diameter under the pressure of the middle umbrella skirt, thereby effectively improving the anti-pollution ability of the insulator. Moreover, while increasing the umbrella diameter, the umbrella skirt can also rely on its own protruding effect to achieve the effect of ice and snow removal, further effectively improving the flashover resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a perspective exploded view of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a perspective view of the middle umbrella skirt and the small umbrella skirt of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a perspective cut-away view of the middle umbrella skirt of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the middle umbrella skirt and the small umbrella skirt of the first embodiment of the present application before the umbrella diameter is increased; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the middle umbrella skirt and the small umbrella skirt of the first embodiment of the present application after the umbrella diameter is increased; Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view when two insulating gaskets of the second and third embodiments of the present application are in contact; Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view before two insulating gaskets of the second and third embodiments of the present application are completely separated from contact; Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the fixed skirt and the variable skirt of the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 is a top view of the adhesion layer of the third embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Description of reference numerals in the figure: 1. Upper fitting; 2. Lower fitting; 3. Core rod; 4. Elastic buffer connecting column; 5. Bolt; 6. Threaded sleeve; 7. Elastic insulating tube; 8. Large umbrella skirt; 9. Medium umbrella skirt; 901. Fixed skirt; 902. Variable skirt; 10. Small umbrella skirt; 11. Collar; 1101. Movable ring; 1102. Fixed ring; 12. Electro - strictive ring; 13. Insulating gasket; 1301. Inner adhesive layer; 1302. Middle adhesive layer; 1303. Outer adhesive layer; 14. Conductive ring; 15. Circuit controller; 16. Pressure sensor; 17. Triggering pull rope; 18. Conductive umbrella rib; 19. Self - repairing liquid; 20. Pressure - maintaining ring. Specific embodiments

[0018] The following will describe in detail three embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] The first embodiment: As shown in Figure 1 and 2 , it includes the upper fitting 1 and the lower fitting 2 distributed up and down, the core rod 3 fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper fitting 1, the elastic buffer connecting column 4 fixedly connected to the lower end of the core rod 3 and having a threaded hole on the side wall (preferably made of polyurethane elastic material, and other materials can also be selected according to actual needs), the bolt 5 threadedly connected to the side wall of the lower fitting 2 and matching the threaded hole on the elastic buffer connecting column 4, the threaded sleeves 6 fixedly connected to the upper fitting 1 and the lower fitting 2, the elastic insulating tube 7 threadedly connected between the two threaded sleeves 6 and sleeved outside the core rod 3 (preferably made of polyurethane material, and other materials can also be selected according to actual needs), the large umbrella skirt 8 sleeved on the upper end of the elastic insulating tube 7 and threadedly connected thereto, and a plurality of medium umbrella skirts 9 and small umbrella skirts 10 sleeved on the elastic insulating tube 7. The plurality of medium umbrella skirts 9 and small umbrella skirts 10 are arranged alternately, and collars 11 are fixedly connected to the inner circular sides of the medium umbrella skirts 9 and the small umbrella skirts 10. The large umbrella skirt 8 is placed at the uppermost end of the insulator, and its large umbrella diameter can effectively improve the electric field distribution and enhance the pollution - resistance performance. The distribution of the plurality of medium umbrella skirts 9 and small umbrella skirts 10 can effectively improve the pollution - flashover voltage and self - cleaning property through the optimization of the umbrella spacing and umbrella extension length. The core rod 3 is connected to the lower fitting 2 through the elastic buffer connecting column 4 and the bolt 5. The elastic insulating tube 7 is sleeved outside the core rod 3, and each medium umbrella skirt 9 and small umbrella skirt 10 is sleeved outside the elastic insulating tube 7. Such a modular and detachable design is convenient for local replacement and repair. In addition, the elastic buffer connecting column 4 plays an elastic buffering role, effectively reducing mechanical impact damage; As shown in Figure 5As shown, the umbrella diameter of the large umbrella skirt 8 is larger than that of the medium umbrella skirt 9, and the umbrella diameter of the medium umbrella skirt 9 is larger than that of the small umbrella skirt 10. The umbrella diameter differences between the large umbrella skirt 8, the medium umbrella skirt 9, and the small umbrella skirt 10 are all greater than 20 mm. An umbrella diameter difference greater than 20 mm can effectively optimize the electric field and pollution accumulation distribution, and the pollution flashover voltage can be increased by 20% - 30%. The structural positions of the medium umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10 are opposite, and the structural positions of the two collar rings 11 on the medium umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10 are also opposite. Both the medium umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10 include a fixed skirt 901 and a variable skirt 902 that are fixedly connected. The fixed skirt 901 is made of a rigid insulating material, and the variable skirt 902 is made of a flexible insulating material. The fixed skirt 901 and the variable skirt 902 enclose a hollow umbrella-shaped structure. The collar ring 11 includes a moving ring 1101 that is slidably connected to the elastic insulating tube 7 and a fixed ring 1102 that is threadedly connected to the elastic insulating tube 7. The moving ring 1101 is fixedly connected to the variable skirt 902, and the fixed ring 1102 is fixedly connected to the fixed skirt 901. An electrostrictive ring 12 (made of electrostrictive material) is fixedly connected between the moving ring 1101 and the fixed ring 1102 on the medium umbrella skirt 9, as Figure 3 , 4 , 5 shows that the fixed ring 1102 realizes the positioning of the medium umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10 on the elastic insulating tube 7. After the electrostrictive ring 12 is energized, the electrostrictive ring 12 elongates when energized. As Figure 6 shown, the electrostrictive ring 12 first pushes the moving ring 1101 to slide downward. The moving ring 1101 pulls down the variable skirt 902, making the inclination angle of the variable skirt 902 become gentler. Since the fixed skirt 901 is non-deformable, the downward pulling action of the moving ring 1101 causes the variable skirt 902 to extend outward, thereby increasing the umbrella diameter of the medium umbrella skirt 9. In rainy and snowy weather, it can effectively increase the creepage distance, effectively prevent the formation of rainwater chains, and effectively inhibit icicle bridging. In addition, while the umbrella diameter of the medium umbrella skirt 9 increases, the moving ring 1101 on the medium umbrella skirt 9 will press down the moving ring 1101 on the small umbrella skirt 10, and then the variable skirt 902 on the small umbrella skirt 10 will also extend outward, which also increases the umbrella diameter of the small umbrella skirt 10. In areas with high ice and snow coverage, the extending actions of the medium umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10 can achieve effective self-deicing and snow-removing effects, thereby effectively improving the anti-flashover ability of the insulator in rainy and snowy weather; In addition, it should be noted that the driving voltage of the electrostrictive ring 12 and the umbrella diameter adjustment range are set by relevant technical personnel according to the actual application environment of specific insulators. In this embodiment, the driving voltage of the electrostrictive ring 12 is taken as 0 - 5 kV and the umbrella diameter adjustment ratio is increased by 15% - 20% as an example; As Figure 7As shown in the figure, the large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator further includes a weather monitoring module (specific devices can preferably select meteorological sensors, or other monitoring devices can be selected according to actual needs, which will not be described in detail here) and a control processor installed on the transmission line tower, and a power supply module installed at the lower end of the elastic insulating tube 7. Annular grooves are formed on the side walls of two adjacent moving rings 1101, and a circuit controller 15 electrically connected to the electrostrictive ring 12 is installed in the annular grooves. Insulating gaskets 13 (made of elastic insulating material) are fixedly connected to the openings of the two annular grooves, and a conductive ring 14 connected to the circuit controller 15 through an electric wire is fixedly embedded in the middle of the insulating gasket 13. The circuit controller 15 at the lowermost position is electrically connected to the power supply module. The weather monitoring module monitors the weather conditions of the insulator in real time. Under good weather conditions, the control processor turns off the power supply module. When rain, snow or other bad weather is detected, the control processor turns on the power supply module, and the power supply module starts to supply power to the circuit controller 15 at the lowermost position. Since the two adjacent conductive rings 14 are in contact when each middle umbrella skirt 9 and small umbrella skirt 10 are installed on the elastic insulating tube 7, after power is supplied to the circuit controller 15 at the lowermost position, all the circuit controllers 15 can be powered on by using the conductive function of the conductive ring 14. In this way, the circuit controller 15 can supply power to the electrostrictive ring 12 on each middle umbrella skirt 9, and the circuit controller 15 can also switch between supplying power to the electrostrictive ring 12 alone and supplying power to the electrostrictive ring 12 and the conductive umbrella bone 18 at the same time; In addition, it should be noted that the specific installation position of the power supply module on the elastic insulating tube 7 is selected according to actual installation requirements. In order not to hinder the connection between the elastic insulating tube 7 and the threaded sleeve 6 and not to affect the insulation performance of the elastic insulating tube 7, in this embodiment, the power supply module is selected to be installed at a position close to the threaded sleeve 6 at the lower end of the elastic insulating tube 7, and the power supply module is located inside the elastic insulating tube 7. The specific structure of the power supply module can be a plug inserted into an external power supply line or a terminal post. This part is prior art and is well-known to those skilled in the relevant fields, so it will not be described in detail here; Compared with the prior art, this embodiment can adaptively adjust the umbrella diameter according to the weather conditions without manual intervention. Each umbrella skirt can increase the umbrella diameter in rainy and snowy weather, thereby increasing the creepage distance and effectively improving the anti-flashover ability of the insulator in rainy and snowy weather. Moreover, the action of the umbrella skirt when increasing the umbrella diameter can also effectively remove ice and snow.

[0020] The second embodiment: In this embodiment, the middle umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10 are further improved on the basis of the first embodiment to improve the ice and snow removal effect of the umbrella skirt, and other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment; Such as Figure 9As shown in the figure, a plurality of conductive umbrella ribs 18 (made of conductive metal material) are fixedly embedded in the inner walls of the fixed skirt 901 and the variable skirt 902 and are distributed in a surrounding manner. Moreover, two opposite conductive umbrella ribs 18 are fixedly connected as a whole. The conductive umbrella ribs 18 and the electrostrictive ring 12 are connected in parallel to the circuit controller 15. When the weather monitoring module monitors heavy snow or low-temperature weather, the control processor triggers the circuit controller 15 to supply power to the electrostrictive ring 12 and the conductive umbrella ribs 18 simultaneously. After the conductive umbrella ribs 18 are powered on, they heat the umbrella skirt, which can effectively prevent the umbrella skirt from icing. Cooperating with the action of the umbrella skirt to increase the umbrella diameter can effectively prevent the umbrella skirt from being covered with ice and snow. Moreover, the conductive umbrella ribs 18 are embedded inside the middle umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10, which also plays a certain role in strengthening the strength of the middle umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10, and can effectively prevent the middle umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10 from deforming in strong wind and severe cold weather. Moreover, the strengthening effect of the conductive umbrella ribs 18 can also enable the variable skirt 902 to smoothly complete the outward stretching action; It should be additionally noted that the circuit controller 15 serves to supply power to the electrostrictive ring 12 alone and to supply power to the electrostrictive ring 12 and the conductive umbrella ribs 18 simultaneously. Therefore, the circuit controller 15 can be a relay in the prior art or an electronic switch. The specific selection is made according to actual needs and will not be described in detail here; As Figure 9 shown in the figure, the hollow umbrella-shaped structure formed by the fixed skirt 901 and the variable skirt 902 is saturated and filled with a self-healing liquid 19 (preferably a silicon-based self-healing material, and other materials can also be selected according to actual needs and will not be described in detail here). Moreover, a pressure-holding ring 20 (made of an insulating elastic material, and the specific material cost is selected according to actual needs and will not be described in detail here) is fixedly connected to the opening of the umbrella-shaped structure. The pressure-holding ring 20 on the middle umbrella skirt 9 bends outward, and the pressure-holding ring 20 on the small umbrella skirt 10 bends inward. During the long-term use of the umbrella skirt, a breakdown phenomenon may occur. In this embodiment, by filling the self-healing liquid 19 inside the umbrella skirt, when the umbrella skirt is broken down, the self-healing liquid 19 is released from the crack under the pressure of the pressure-holding ring 20 and can automatically repair the crack, effectively maintaining the insulation performance of the umbrella skirt and playing an effective emergency remedial role before replacing the new umbrella skirt, so as to prevent the entire insulator from losing its insulation function; This embodiment further improves the ice and snow removal ability of the insulator on the basis of the first embodiment. Moreover, compared with the prior art, this embodiment can self-repair after a breakdown phenomenon occurs, effectively extending the service life of the insulator.

[0021] The third embodiment: This embodiment monitors the tensile performance of the insulator on the basis of the first and second embodiments to improve the use safety of the insulator under ice-covered and snow-covered conditions, while other parts are the same as those of the first and second embodiments; AsFigure 7 , 8 As shown in Fig. 10, a plurality of pressure sensors 16 (specific models are selected according to actual requirements and will not be described in detail here) are fixedly embedded on the inner walls on both sides of the annular groove, and a trigger pulling rope 17 is fixedly connected between the pressure sensors 16 and the edge of the conductive ring 14. The trigger pulling rope 17 is in a bent state when the two moving rings 1101 are in contact. The pressure sensors 16 are signal-connected to the background supervision system through a control processor (the specific components and working principles of the background supervision system are prior art and will not be described in detail here). An adhesion layer is also adhered to the outer surface of the insulating gasket 13. The adhesion layer includes an inner adhesion layer 1301, a middle adhesion layer 1302, and an outer adhesion layer 1303, which are distributed in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the adhesiveness of the three decreases in sequence from the inside to the outside. When the transmission line is covered with ice or snow, the insulator will inevitably be subjected to a greater pulling force. Under normal tensile strength, the two insulating gaskets 13 are closely attached. When the transmission line is covered with ice or snow, the pulling force on the insulator increases. Although the elastic buffer connecting column 4 can play a certain buffering role, the elastic insulating tube 7 will still be stretched. At this time, the elongation of the elastic insulating tube 7 causes a gap to appear between the adjacent middle umbrella skirt 9 and the small umbrella skirt 10, and then a certain degree of separation occurs between the two closely attached insulating gaskets 13. Before the two insulating gaskets 13 are completely separated, due to the difference in the adhesiveness of the adhesion layer, the insulating gasket 13 near the conductive ring 14 is the last to separate from the contact. During this process, the separation action of the two insulating gaskets 13 will straighten the trigger pulling rope 17, and then the trigger pulling rope 17 triggers the pressure sensor 16. The pressure sensor 16 sends a warning signal to the background supervision system through the control processor, so as to give a warning to the maintenance personnel and let them clean the ice- and snow-covered transmission line in time to avoid greater harm; Compared with the prior art, this embodiment can monitor the tensile condition of the insulator, and then indirectly monitor the ice and snow coverage of the transmission line, effectively improving the safety of the entire transmission line.

[0022] Combined with the current actual requirements, the above-mentioned embodiment adopted in this application, the protection scope is not limited thereto. Within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art, various changes made without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator, characterized in that: It includes an upper fitting (1) and a lower fitting (2) distributed vertically, a core rod (3) fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper fitting (1), an elastic buffer connection column (4) fixedly connected to the lower end of the core rod (3) and having a threaded hole on the side wall, a bolt (5) threadedly connected to the side wall of the lower fitting (2) and matching the threaded hole on the elastic buffer connection column (4), a threaded sleeve (6) fixedly connected to the upper fitting (1) and the lower fitting (2), an elastic insulating tube (7) threadedly connected between the two threaded sleeves (6) and sleeved outside the core rod (3), a large umbrella skirt (8) sleeved on the upper end of the elastic insulating tube (7) and threadedly connected thereto, and a plurality of middle umbrella skirts (9) and small umbrella skirts (10) sleeved on the elastic insulating tube (7). The plurality of middle umbrella skirts (9) and small umbrella skirts (10) are arranged alternately, and collar rings (11) are fixedly connected to the inner circular sides of the middle umbrella skirts (9) and small umbrella skirts (10); The middle umbrella skirt (9) and the small umbrella skirt (10) each include a fixed skirt (901) and a variable skirt (902) fixedly connected, and the fixed skirt (901) and the variable skirt (902) enclose a hollow umbrella-shaped structure. The collar ring (11) includes a movable ring (1101) slidably connected to the elastic insulating tube (7) and a fixed ring (1102) threadedly connected to the elastic insulating tube (7). The movable ring (1101) is fixedly connected to the variable skirt (902), and the fixed ring (1102) is fixedly connected to the fixed skirt (901). An electrostrictive ring (12) is fixedly connected between the movable ring (1101) and the fixed ring (1102) on the middle umbrella skirt (9); The large umbrella skirt composite insulator further includes a weather monitoring module and a control processor installed on a transmission line tower, and a power supply module installed at the lower end of the elastic insulating tube (7). Annular grooves are formed in the side walls of two adjacent movable rings (1101), and a circuit controller (15) electrically connected to the electrostrictive ring (12) is installed in the annular grooves. Insulating gaskets (13) are fixedly connected to the openings of the two annular grooves, and a conductive ring (14) connected to the circuit controller (15) through an electric wire is fixedly inlaid in the middle of the insulating gasket (13). The lowermost circuit controller (15) is electrically connected to the power supply module.

2. The large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structures of the middle umbrella skirt (9) and the small umbrella skirt (10) are opposite, and the structures of the two collar rings (11) on the middle umbrella skirt (9) and the small umbrella skirt (10) are also opposite.

3. The large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of conductive umbrella ribs (18) distributed in a surrounding manner are fixedly inlaid on the inner walls of the fixed skirt (901) and the variable skirt (902), and two opposite conductive umbrella ribs (18) are fixedly connected as a whole. The conductive umbrella ribs (18) and the electrostrictive ring (12) are connected in parallel to the circuit controller (15).

4. A large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow umbrella-shaped structure formed by the fixed skirt (901) and the variable skirt (902) is internally filled with self-healing liquid (19) in a saturated manner, and a pressure maintaining ring (20) is fixedly connected to the opening of the umbrella-shaped structure.

5. A large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure maintaining ring (20) on the middle umbrella skirt (9) bends outward, and the pressure maintaining ring (20) on the small umbrella skirt (10) bends inward.

6. The large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of pressure sensors (16) are fixedly embedded in the inner walls on both sides of the annular groove, and a trigger pull rope (17) is fixedly connected between the pressure sensors (16) and the edge of the conductive ring (14). The trigger pull rope (17) is in a bent state when the two moving rings (1101) are in contact. The pressure sensors (16) are signal-connected to the background supervision system through a control processor.

7. A large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adhesion layer is also bonded to the outer surface of the insulating gasket (13). The adhesion layer includes an inner adhesion layer (1301), a middle adhesion layer (1302), and an outer adhesion layer (1303) which are distributed in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the adhesiveness of the three decreases in sequence from the inside to the outside.

8. A large umbrella skirt rod-shaped composite insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The umbrella diameter of the large umbrella skirt (8) is larger than that of the middle umbrella skirt (9), and the umbrella diameter of the middle umbrella skirt (9) is larger than that of the small umbrella skirt (10). The difference in umbrella diameter between any two of the large umbrella skirt (8), the middle umbrella skirt (9), and the small umbrella skirt (10) is greater than 20 millimeters.

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