Intelligent substation RIS perception communication integrated system and method and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent power grids, and particularly relates to an intelligent substation RIS sensing and communication integrated system and method and electronic equipment, and the system integrates wireless communication optimization, equipment state monitoring, environment sensing and intelligent control. The system comprises a plurality of RIS units capable of independently regulating and controlling electromagnetic reflection characteristics, and each RIS unit is integrated with an embedded multi-physical field sensor. The communication perception fusion control module is in communication connection with the RIS array module and is used for jointly processing the wireless channel state information and the sensor monitoring data and generating an RIS regulation and control instruction; and the dynamic reflection regulation and control module is used for regulating the phase distribution and the reflection beam direction of the RIS unit in real time according to the regulation and control instruction so as to realize cooperative control of communication quality optimization and equipment state perception. The method plays an important role in improving the intelligent level of the transformer substation, enhancing the safety and reliability of the transformer substation, optimizing the operation management of a power grid, promoting the development of an intelligent power system and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of smart grids, and particularly relates to an integrated RIS sensing and communication system, method, and electronic device for smart substations, which integrates wireless communication optimization, equipment status monitoring, environmental sensing, and intelligent control. Background Art

[0002] The integrated research on RIS sensing and communication in smart substations is a cutting-edge research field, involving multiple technologies such as wireless communication, radar sensing, and intelligent reflecting surface (RIS). The integrated research on RIS communication sensing in smart substations plays an important role in improving the intelligence level of substations, enhancing the safety and reliability of substations, optimizing power grid operation management, and promoting the development of smart power systems. These achievements have had a positive impact on the current situation and technological development of the power industry, and promoted the modernization and intelligentization process of power systems.

[0003] Traditional substations have problems such as communication blind spots, uneven wireless signal coverage, equipment status monitoring relying on independent sensor networks, poor data fusion capabilities, separate construction of environmental sensing and communication systems, low resource utilization rate, and insufficient communication reliability in electromagnetic interference environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated RIS sensing and communication system, method, and electronic device for smart substations to address the problems existing in the prior art, which play an important role in improving the intelligence level of substations, enhancing the safety and reliability of substations, optimizing power grid operation management, and promoting the development of smart power systems.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An integrated RIS sensing and communication system for smart substations, comprising:

[0007] A reconfigurable RIS array module, deployed in the substation equipment area, including multiple RIS units that can independently regulate electromagnetic reflection characteristics, and each RIS unit integrates an embedded multi-physical field sensor;

[0008] A communication sensing fusion control module, communicatively connected to the RIS array module, for jointly processing wireless channel state information and sensor monitoring data, and generating RIS regulation instructions;

[0009] A dynamic reflection regulation module, which adjusts the phase distribution and reflection beam direction of RIS units in real time according to the regulation instructions to achieve coordinated control of communication quality optimization and equipment status sensing.

[0010] Specifically, the RIS unit includes:

[0011] A high-voltage insulation layer composed of an aluminum nitride ceramic substrate;

[0012] A micro-sensor array embedded in the substrate, including at least a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, and a three-dimensional electromagnetic field sensor;

[0013] An array of programmable PIN diode reflection units, with the operating frequency band covering the Sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave frequency bands.

[0014] Specifically, the communication and sensing fusion control module performs the following operations:

[0015] Extract the mechanical vibration parameters of the device by analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of the RIS reflection signal;

[0016] Establish a correlation model between the channel impulse response and the device temperature distribution;

[0017] Adopt a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning to synchronously optimize the communication rate and sensing accuracy.

[0018] Specifically, the system further includes a digital twin modeling unit for:

[0019] Construct a three-dimensional electromagnetic field distribution thermal map of the substation based on sensor data;

[0020] Predict the spatial propagation path of transient electromagnetic interference caused by switch operations;

[0021] Generate a RIS dynamic shielding configuration pre-plan library.

[0022] Specifically, when the dynamic reflection regulation module realizes multi-RIS collaborative control:

[0023] Adopt distributed beamforming technology to eliminate communication blind spots in the device area;

[0024] When local overheating is detected, automatically adjust adjacent RIS units to form a directional heat dissipation communication link;

[0025] Realize time-division multiplexing transmission of communication signals and sensing signals through time slot segmentation.

[0026] Specifically, the constraint conditions of the multi-objective optimization algorithm include:

[0027] Communication bit error rate ≤ 1×10 -6 ;

[0028] Temperature monitoring spatial resolution ≤ 5cm;

[0029] Vibration frequency detection range covers 0 - 10kHz;

[0030] Electromagnetic interference suppression ratio ≥ 40dB.

[0031] A control method based on the above-mentioned system includes the following steps:

[0032] S1: Obtain multi-dimensional physical field data of the device area through RIS reflected signals;

[0033] S2: Construct a joint feature space of communication channel state information and device health state;

[0034] S3: Solve the Pareto optimal solution set to determine the optimal configuration of the RIS phase matrix;

[0035] S4: Dynamically switch the communication enhancement mode or the sensing priority mode according to the real-time working conditions.

[0036] Specifically, the step S3 includes:

[0037] Adopt the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for multi-objective optimization;

[0038] Define the objective function as:

[0039]

[0040] where si is the actual sensing data, is the theoretical predicted value, ω i is the weight coefficient.

[0041] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the above-mentioned method.

[0042] A computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions. When the instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of the above-mentioned method.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The core components of the RIS communication and sensing integrated system based on the intelligent substation provided by the present invention include: RIS array layer: A reconfigurable electromagnetic surface deployed in the substation device area, integrated with miniaturized sensors (temperature / vibration / electromagnetic field), supporting millimeter wave / Sub-6GHz multi-band reflection control

[0044] ; Communication and Sensing Fusion Layer: Multi-RIS Cooperative Beamforming Module, Device State Feature Extraction Algorithm, Joint Analysis of Channel State Information (CSI) and Sensing Data; Intelligent Decision Layer: 3D Field Reconstruction of Substation Based on Digital Twin, Joint Optimization Controller of Communication QoS and Sensing Accuracy, Self-Healing Communication Path Planning for Abnormal States. The system provided by the present invention simultaneously realizes signal guiding and physical field measurement through RIS reflection units, uses the CSI of communication signals to invert device vibration characteristics, establishes a digital twin model of the electromagnetic environment, and real-time regulation of RIS phase based on reinforcement learning; jointly analyzes electromagnetic reflection characteristics, infrared thermal imaging, and acoustic fingerprint features, constructs a multi-dimensional evaluation model of equipment health, and applies RIS technology to substation electromagnetic environment governance for the first time, realizing closed-loop control of equipment fault prediction and communication quality guarantee. At the same time, it plays an important role in improving the intelligent level of substations, enhancing the safety and reliability of substations, optimizing power grid operation management, and promoting the development of intelligent power systems.

[0045] (1) Improving the intelligent level of substations: Traditional substations mainly focus on power transmission and conversion functions, while the RIS communication and sensing integrated system introduces intelligent technologies into the substation system. This enables the substation to realize functions such as automatic control, equipment monitoring, and fault warning by sensing, analyzing, and processing a large amount of communication data, thereby improving the intelligent level of the substation.

[0046] (2) Enhancing the safety and reliability of substations: The RIS communication and sensing integrated system can obtain real-time communication data inside and outside the substation and analyze and judge it using intelligent algorithms. This helps to discover potential safety hazards and abnormal situations and take corresponding measures in a timely manner. In addition, the system can also provide monitoring and evaluation of the state of substation equipment, help predict equipment failures and implement maintenance, thereby improving the reliability of the substation.

[0047] (3) Optimizing power grid operation management: The RIS communication and sensing integrated system provides comprehensive monitoring capabilities for power grid operation and communication networks. By obtaining, analyzing, and feeding back data in real time, the system can help power companies and operators better manage and optimize the operation state of the power grid, improving power transmission efficiency and quality.

[0048] (4) Promoting the development of intelligent power systems: The RIS communication and sensing integrated system provides important support and a foundation for the development of intelligent power systems. The system integrates communication and sensing technologies with substation intelligence, laying a foundation for the construction of future intelligent power systems. In addition, RIS can also be used as a key component in intelligent power systems to work in coordination with other intelligent devices and systems to achieve automatic control and optimized operation of the power system. Specific implementation manners

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0050] Embodiment 1

[0051] This embodiment provides an integrated RIS perception and communication system for intelligent substations, including:

[0052] A reconfigurable RIS array module, deployed in the substation equipment area, contains multiple RIS units that can independently regulate electromagnetic reflection characteristics, and each RIS unit integrates an embedded multi-physical field sensor;

[0053] A communication perception fusion control module, communicatively connected to the RIS array module, is used to jointly process wireless channel state information and sensor monitoring data, and generate RIS regulation instructions;

[0054] A dynamic reflection regulation module, which adjusts the phase distribution and reflection beam direction of the RIS unit in real time according to the regulation instructions, realizes the coordinated control of communication quality optimization and equipment state perception. When the dynamic reflection regulation module realizes multi-RIS coordinated control: it adopts distributed beamforming technology to eliminate communication blind spots in the equipment area; when detecting local overheating, it automatically adjusts adjacent RIS units to form a directional heat dissipation communication link; it realizes time-division multiplexing transmission of communication signals and perception signals through time slot segmentation.

[0055] The RIS unit includes: a high-voltage resistant insulating layer composed of aluminum nitride ceramic substrate; a micro sensor array embedded in the substrate, including at least a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, and a three-dimensional electromagnetic field sensor; a programmable PIN diode reflection unit array, whose operating frequency band covers the Sub-6GHz and millimeter wave bands. Considering various factors, the following parameters can be selected as the construction plan for the RIS: RIS reflection surface size: According to the distribution of internal equipment in the substation, choose 1 meter × 1 meter as the reflection surface size, so that most areas inside the substation can be covered and sufficient reflection efficiency can be ensured. The average distance between internal equipment in the substation is 10 meters, and the average distance required for communication is 20 meters. Therefore, choosing 1 meter × 1 meter as the reflection surface size can ensure that each reflection surface can cover one device and enable communication between two devices. This can not only meet the requirements of communication quality and coverage, but also avoid the increase in cost and power consumption caused by an overly large reflection surface.

[0056] RIS reflection surface shape: According to the internal communication requirements of the substation, choose a square as the reflection surface shape, so that omnidirectional reflection can be realized to adapt to complex scenarios such as multi-user, multi-entry, and multi-exit (MIMO).

[0057] RIS Reflector Distribution and Quantity: According to the sensing requirements of the internal and external environments of the substation, a way of evenly distributing at various key positions inside the substation is selected. The average floor area of a certain substation is 10,000 square meters, and the average number of internal equipment in the substation is 100. A total of 10 reflectors are set up, which can achieve a comprehensive perception of the internal and external environments of the substation and ensure sufficient sensing ability. Therefore, by setting 10 reflectors, with each reflector covering one piece of equipment, 10% of the area inside the substation can be covered. This can achieve the perception of key positions and equipment inside the substation, and the sensing range can be extended through the cooperation between RISs.

[0058] Interconnection Method between RIS Units: According to the controllability and flexibility requirements of RISs, the parallel connection method is selected as the interconnection method between units, which can reduce the number and length of control lines and improve the signal quality.

[0059] Location of the RIS Control Unit: According to the reliability and safety requirements of RISs, the external placement method is selected as the location of the control unit, which can reduce the weight and volume of the system and improve the reflection effect.

[0060] Among them, the arrangement of each sensor in the RIS unit is as follows:

[0061] Arrangement of temperature sensors, monitoring the temperature rise, heat distribution and abnormal heat generation points of key components, close to heat sources (such as power devices, motor windings, power modules, etc.), distributed in a grid or symmetrically on the surface of large structures (such as metal frames, heat sinks), fixed on the metal surface through thermal conductive glue or screws to ensure the thermal conduction efficiency, away from electromagnetic interference sources (such as high-frequency circuits, transformers), and adding a shielding layer if necessary. Typical locations: the surface of the radiator of power electronic equipment (IGBT module, inverter); mechanical friction parts such as bearings and gearboxes; overheat-prone points such as cable joints and busbars.

[0062] Arrangement of vibration sensors, detecting mechanical vibration, shock, imbalance and structural resonance, key vibration transmission paths: installed between the vibration source (motor, pump) and the support structure; installing triaxial accelerometers at positions such as bearing seats and gearboxes for multi-axial monitoring, covering the X / Y / Z directions, using magnetic suction bases or screws for fastening to avoid noise introduced by the loosening of the sensor itself. The vibration sensor has limited temperature resistance and needs to be away from areas >80°C and avoid high-temperature areas. Typical locations: the bearing seats of rotating machinery (radial and axial positions), structural weak points (such as welded joints, the ends of cantilever beams), both ends of shock absorbers or vibration isolation devices (comparing the vibration transmission efficiency).

[0063] Three-dimensional electromagnetic field sensor arrangement, monitoring the spatial electromagnetic field distribution, interference source location, and electromagnetic compatibility. It is arranged close to high-frequency radiation sources (such as antennas, switched-mode power supplies) to measure the local near-field field strength and is evenly distributed around the system periphery to monitor the overall far-field electromagnetic environment. Three-dimensional orthogonal probe: Use a three-axis magnetic field / electric field probe to ensure full-direction coverage. Avoid distortion of the electromagnetic field by metal structures (such as using nylon or carbon fiber brackets). Isolation from sensitive circuits: Keep away from low-noise amplifiers and sensor signal lines to prevent coupling interference. Typical locations: Around wireless communication modules (such as 5G antennas), near power cables or buses (such as CAN buses, high-voltage cables), and at the openings of shielded enclosures or cabinets (for detecting gap leakage).

[0064] The sensor cable is routed separately from the power cable and high-frequency cable, using twisted-pair or shielded cable.

[0065] Single-point grounding to avoid ground loop interference, especially for electromagnetic field sensors, which need to be independently grounded.

[0066] The communication perception fusion control module performs the following operations:

[0067] Extract the mechanical vibration parameters of the device by analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of the RIS reflection signal;

[0068] Establish a correlation model between the channel impulse response and the device temperature distribution;

[0069] Adopt a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning to synchronously optimize the communication rate and perception accuracy. The constraint conditions of the multi-objective optimization algorithm include:

[0070] Communication bit error rate ≤ 1×10 -6 ;

[0071] Temperature monitoring spatial resolution ≤ 5 cm;

[0072] Vibration frequency detection range covers 0 - 10 kHz;

[0073] Electromagnetic interference suppression ratio ≥ 40 dB.

[0074] In this embodiment, the extraction of the mechanical vibration parameters of the device by analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of the RIS reflection signal mainly involves technologies such as signal processing, time-frequency analysis, and parameter inversion. The following are the specific methods and implementation steps:

[0075] Signal acquisition and preprocessing

[0076] Use a radio frequency receiver (such as a millimeter-wave radar, WiFi, or 5G receiver) to capture the signal reflected by the RIS. Vibration will cause phase / amplitude modulation of the reflected signal.

[0077] Denoising: Adopt wavelet denoising, Kalman filtering, or adaptive filtering (such as LMS) to eliminate environmental noise.

[0078] Demodulation: Extract the phase information of the signal through I / Q demodulation (the vibration information is mainly reflected in the phase change).

[0079] 2. Time-frequency analysis method

[0080] Through time-frequency analysis, the signal is transformed from the time domain to the joint time-frequency domain, revealing the variation characteristics of the vibration frequency over time. The following are several processing methods

[0081] (1) The specific steps of the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) are as follows:

[0082] 1. Select a window function (such as the Hamming window) and window length (the time / frequency resolution needs to be balanced).

[0083] 2. Calculate the spectrum for each time period to generate a time-frequency diagram.

[0084] 3. Extract the dominant frequency component (corresponding to the vibration frequency) from the time-frequency diagram.

[0085] Advantages: Simple but with fixed resolution, suitable for steady-state vibration.

[0086] (2) Wavelet Transform (WT)

[0087] Principle: Analyze the signal using basis functions with variable scales, suitable for non-stationary signals.

[0088] Steps:

[0089] 1. Select a wavelet basis (such as the Morlet wavelet, suitable for vibration analysis).

[0090] 2. Calculate the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to obtain a time-frequency scale diagram.

[0091] 3. Determine the instantaneous frequency through Ridge Detection.

[0092] Advantages: Adaptive resolution, can detect transient vibration.

[0093] (3) Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD)

[0094] Principle: Based on bilinear transformation, providing high-resolution time-frequency analysis.

[0095] Steps:

[0096] 1. Calculate the WVD distribution of the signal.

[0097] 2. Suppress cross-term interference (such as through smoothed pseudo-WVD).

[0098] 3. Extract the vibration frequency corresponding to the peak of the time-frequency energy.

[0099] Advantages: High resolution but with cross terms, suitable for single-component signals.

[0100] (4) Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT)**

[0101] Principle: Decompose the signal into IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) through Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), and then perform Hilbert transform on the IMFs.

[0102] Steps:

[0103] 1. Decompose the signal by EMD to obtain several IMFs.

[0104] 2. Calculate the instantaneous frequency / amplitude for each IMF.

[0105] 3. Select the IMFs that reflect vibration (usually low-frequency components).

[0106] Advantages and disadvantages: Suitable for non-linear signals, but EMD may suffer from overfitting.

[0107] 3. Vibration parameter extraction, inversely calculate mechanical vibration parameters from the time-frequency analysis results:

[0108] Vibration frequency: Directly extract from the main peak or ridge line of the time-frequency spectrum.

[0109] Amplitude: Estimate through the phase change amount.

[0110] Vibration mode: Multiple-component frequencies may correspond to harmonics or complex vibration modes (modal analysis is needed for combination).

[0111] Example 2

[0112] As needed, the system provided in this example further includes a digital twin modeling unit for:

[0113] Construct a three-dimensional electromagnetic field distribution heat map of the substation based on sensor data;

[0114] Predict the spatial propagation path of transient electromagnetic interference caused by switch operations;

[0115] Generate a dynamic shielding configuration pre-plan library for RIS.

[0116] Example 3

[0117] A control method based on the above-mentioned system includes the following steps:

[0118] S1: Obtain multi-dimensional physical field data of the equipment area through RIS reflected signals;

[0119] S2: Construct a joint feature space of communication channel state information and equipment health state;

[0120] S3: Solve the Pareto optimal solution set and determine the optimal configuration of the RIS phase matrix;

[0121] S4: Dynamically switch the communication enhancement mode or the sensing priority mode according to the real-time working conditions.

[0122] Specifically, the step S3 includes:

[0123] Perform multi-objective optimization using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II);

[0124] Define the objective function as:

[0125]

[0126] where si is the actual sensing data, is the theoretical predicted value, ω i is the weight coefficient.

[0127] Embodiment 4

[0128] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory. When the processor executes the program, the steps of the above method are implemented.

[0129] Embodiment 5

[0130] A computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions. When the instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the above method are implemented.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: still can modify the specific implementation manners of the present invention or perform equivalent replacements on some technical features; without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, they should all be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated RIS perception and communication system for intelligent substations, characterized in that, Comprising: A reconfigurable RIS array module deployed in the substation equipment area, including multiple RIS units that can independently regulate electromagnetic reflection characteristics, and each RIS unit integrates an embedded multi-physical field sensor; A communication and sensing fusion control module communicatively connected to the RIS array module, for jointly processing wireless channel state information and sensor monitoring data, and generating RIS regulation instructions; A dynamic reflection regulation module that adjusts the phase distribution and reflection beam direction of the RIS units in real time according to the regulation instructions, to achieve collaborative control of communication quality optimization and equipment state perception.

2. The intelligent substation RIS perception and communication integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that The RIS unit includes: A high-voltage resistant insulating layer composed of aluminum nitride ceramic substrate; A micro sensor array embedded in the substrate, including at least a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, and a three-dimensional electromagnetic field sensor; A programmable control PIN diode reflection unit array with an operating frequency band covering Sub-6GHz and millimeter wave bands.

3. The integrated RIS perception and communication system for intelligent substations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication and sensing fusion control module performs the following operations: Extract equipment mechanical vibration parameters by analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of the RIS reflection signal; Establish a correlation model between the channel impulse response and the equipment temperature distribution; Adopt a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning to synchronously optimize the communication rate and sensing accuracy.

4. The integrated RIS perception and communication system for intelligent substations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system further includes a digital twin modeling unit for: Constructing a three-dimensional electromagnetic field distribution thermal map of the substation based on sensor data; Predicting the spatial propagation path of transient electromagnetic interference caused by switch operations; Generating a RIS dynamic shielding configuration plan library.

5. The integrated RIS sensing and communication system for intelligent substations according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the dynamic reflection regulation module realizes multi-RIS collaborative control: Adopt distributed beamforming technology to eliminate communication blind spots in the equipment area; When local overheating is detected, automatically adjust adjacent RIS units to form a directional heat dissipation communication link; Realize time-division multiplexing transmission of communication signals and sensing signals through time slot segmentation.

6. The integrated RIS perception and communication system for intelligent substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraint conditions of the multi-objective optimization algorithm include: Communication error rate ≤ 1×10 6 ; Temperature monitoring spatial resolution ≤ 5 cm; Vibration frequency detection range covers 0 - 10 kHz; Electromagnetic interference suppression ratio ≥ 40 dB.

7. A control method based on the system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Including: S1: Obtain multi-dimensional physical field data of the equipment area through RIS reflection signals; S2: Construct a joint feature space of communication channel state information and equipment health state; S3: Solve the Pareto optimal solution set to determine the optimal configuration of the RIS phase matrix; S4: Dynamically switch the communication enhancement mode or sensing priority mode according to the real-time working conditions.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The step S3 includes: performing multi-objective optimization using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II); Define the objective function as: where s i is the actual sensing data, is the theoretical predicted value, ω i is the weight coefficient.

9. An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 7 - 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that: When the instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 7 - 8.

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