Balanced perception enhancement system and method based on neural feedback

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of noninvasive nerve intervention, and relates to a balance perception enhancement system and method based on nerve feedback, and the balance perception enhancement system comprises a balance disturbance applying module, a data acquisition and processing module, a nerve feedback parameter calculation and mapping module and a feedback information presentation module. Wherein the neural feedback parameter calculation and mapping module is used for calculating a neural feedback parameter, configuring a threshold range of the neural feedback parameter, calculating a feedback value based on the neural feedback parameter and the threshold range, and mapping the neural feedback parameter into neural feedback information based on the feedback value; and the feedback information presentation module presents the neural feedback information to the trainee in a visual form, and the trainee adjusts own neural activity in real time based on the presented neural feedback information so as to enhance the balance perception ability of the trainee. The invention also provides a balance perception enhancement method based on neural feedback. The system and the method provided by the invention can effectively enhance the balance perception ability of the trainee.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of non-invasive nerve intervention technology, and in particular to a balance perception enhancement system and method based on neurofeedback. Background Art

[0002] Balance dysfunction is caused by disorders in the cerebellum, visual system, vestibular system, proprioception, or neuromuscular coordination, resulting in unsteadiness in standing and walking. It is a common manifestation of the frailty syndrome in the elderly and is also one of the common functional disorders in patients with diseases such as stroke and Parkinson's disease. The research on balance function rehabilitation is of great significance. Currently, the mainstream balance rehabilitation technologies include exercise therapy centered on ordinary muscle strength training, physical therapy mainly including functional electrical stimulation, massage, and acupuncture, sensory compensation therapy mainly based on biofeedback technology combined with virtual reality, and neuromodulation therapy mainly based on transcranial electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation. These technologies have the following deficiencies: (1) Exercise therapy and physical therapy focus on enhancing muscle strength, stretching and relaxation, and ignore the training and enhancement of balance perception; (2) Sensory compensation therapy focuses on increasing the input information of balance-related senses to improve the perception ability of the human body posture. However, since it fails to improve the perception and central integration ability of balance information, it is difficult for the training to produce long-term effects; (3) Neuroplasticity is the key mechanism for the functional recovery after nerve circuit damage, and real-time and accurate feedback is a necessary prerequisite. However, neuromodulation therapy cannot provide real-time feedback on the brain activity state of the trainee, making it difficult to achieve timely and active training adjustment.

[0003] The process of the human body maintaining balance involves three processes: balance perception, central nervous system information processing, and limb movement control. Specifically, when the human body encounters external balance disturbances, the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems in the balance perception pathway transmit sensory input information to the brain; after the brain's central nervous system integrates and processes the information, by comparing the deviation between the integrated information and the experience template, a decision required to respond to the current balance disturbance is formed; the premotor cortex and motor cortex of the brain successively form a movement plan according to the decision and issue corresponding movement control instructions to adjust the coordinated movement of bones and muscles, ultimately keeping the human body in balance. The above-mentioned balance rehabilitation technologies all ignore the enhanced training of balance perception.

[0004] Neurofeedback training technology provides a potentially effective new approach for enhancing balance perception. This technology encompasses various forms, including electroencephalogram (EEG)-based neurofeedback, near-infrared-based neurofeedback, and magnetoencephalogram (MEG)-based neurofeedback, etc. Different types of neurofeedback technologies have their own characteristics and can monitor and regulate brain nerve activities from different perspectives. Among these technologies, EEG-based neurofeedback technology has unique advantages such as low cost, high temporal resolution, good portability, and comfort. Balance perturbations can induce changes in brain nerve activities. EEG-based neurofeedback training technology helps trainees autonomously regulate corresponding nerve activities by obtaining EEG signals in real time and providing the decoded EEG results to the trainees in visual / auditory or other ways, thereby promoting the functional remodeling of neurons in the balance perception pathway and further enhancing the balance perception ability. EEG neurofeedback technology has the following advantages compared with the current mainstream balance rehabilitation technologies: (1) It allows for personalized adjustment according to an individual's EEG activity pattern to form a personalized training plan and improve the efficiency of rehabilitation treatment; (2) It helps to form lasting changes. By regulating EEG activities in real time, it enhances the time-dependent effect, improves the brain's self-regulation ability and neural plasticity, and enables the functional improvement to be maintained persistently.

[0005] However, the EEG neurofeedback technology still has the following problems to be solved: (1) Traditional EEG neurofeedback training systems usually use spontaneous EEG signals as feedback parameters. Spontaneous EEG signals have a low signal-to-noise ratio, are easily interfered by other cognitive processes, and have large variability among different individuals; (2) A small number of studies have tried to use single-trial event-related potential (ERP)-induced EEG as feedback parameters, but the feature extraction of single-trial ERP is difficult, resulting in a low accuracy rate of the neurofeedback training system.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to find reliable EEG neurofeedback parameters, establish and design a neurofeedback training paradigm, and construct a stable and reliable neurofeedback training system and method for enhancing balance perception. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the existing technology, such as the neglect of balance perception ability training, the low signal-to-noise ratio of spontaneous EEG, the susceptibility to interference from other cognitive processes, and the difficulty in extracting features of single-trial ERP-induced EEG. The present invention proposes a neurofeedback-based balance perception enhancement system and method, which uses rhythmic induced EEG to provide real-time feedback to trainees on their brain electrical activities during the balance perception process, improves the reliability of the induced EEG feedback parameters, and effectively enhances the balance perception ability of trainees.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a neurofeedback-based balance perception enhancement system, comprising:

[0010] A balance perturbation application module, configured to generate rhythmic perturbation stimuli with alternating intensities, so as to induce rhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of a trainee;

[0011] A data acquisition and processing module, configured to acquire EEG signals of the trainee and preprocess the EEG signals, where the EEG signals at least include the rhythmic EEG signals;

[0012] A neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module, which receives the preprocessed EEG signals, calculates neurofeedback parameters, configures a threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters, calculates a feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameters and the threshold range, and maps the neurofeedback parameters into neurofeedback information based on the feedback value;

[0013] And a feedback information presentation module, configured to present the neurofeedback information to the trainee in a visual form;

[0014] Based on the presented neurofeedback information, the trainee adjusts his own neural activities in real time to enhance his balance perception ability.

[0015] As a possible implementation, the neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module includes:

[0016] A neurofeedback parameter extraction unit, configured to receive the preprocessed EEG signals and extract the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency therefrom, which is the neurofeedback parameter; the specific frequency is calculated based on the frequency of a single rhythmic perturbation stimulus and the number of perturbation times of different stimulus intensities;

[0017] A threshold range calculation unit, which calculates the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters based on the balance perturbation deviation identification result of the trainee, and calculates a feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameters and the threshold range;

[0018] And a neurofeedback parameter mapping unit, which maps the neurofeedback parameters into neurofeedback information based on the feedback value.

[0019] As a possible implementation, the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters is calculated based on the balance perception evaluation experiment results of the trainee. Specifically:

[0020] A preset deviation identification accuracy rate is set. When the evaluation result reaches the deviation identification accuracy rate, the baseline perturbation angle pairs of the balance perturbations applied to the trainee are recorded, and the peak perturbation angle pairs of the balance perturbations applied to the trainee when his identification accuracy rate is the highest are recorded. Both the baseline perturbation angle pairs and the peak perturbation angle pairs include a standard stimulus angle and a deviation stimulus angle; the baseline threshold is the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency when the standard stimulus angle in the baseline perturbation angle pair is applied to the trainee; the peak threshold is the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency when the standard stimulus angle and the deviation stimulus angle in the peak perturbation angle pair are alternately applied to the trainee. The baseline threshold and the peak threshold constitute the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters.

[0021] As a possible implementation, the feedback value is calculated based on the neurofeedback parameter and the threshold range in the following way:

[0022] When the neurofeedback parameter is greater than the peak threshold, the feedback value is 1; when the neurofeedback parameter is less than the baseline threshold, the feedback value is 0; when the neurofeedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold, the feedback value is calculated using linear interpolation.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback, which applies the system for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback provided in the first aspect. The method for enhancing balance perception is to conduct multiple rounds of balance perception training on the trainee. Each round of balance perception training includes at least a pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment and a neurofeedback training. The pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment is used to determine the pair of perturbation tilt angles of the rhythmic perturbation stimuli required for the neurofeedback training;

[0024] The neurofeedback training includes:

[0025] S1. After the trainee is in the resting state for a preset time, apply alternating stimuli of the angles included in the pair of perturbation tilt angles to the trainee; collect the electroencephalogram signals of the trainee in the resting state and during the application of the stimuli and perform preprocessing;

[0026] S2. Extract the rhythm features from the preprocessed electroencephalogram data, calculate the power spectral density of the brain at a specific frequency, and obtain the neurofeedback parameter; the neurofeedback parameter is the difference between the power spectral density of the brain during the perturbation stimulus and the power spectral density of the brain in the resting state;

[0027] S3. Calculate the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter, and calculate the feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameter and the threshold range;

[0028] S4. Map the neurofeedback parameter to neurofeedback information based on the feedback value, and present the neurofeedback information to the trainee in a visual form. The trainee adjusts his own neural activity in real time based on the presented neurofeedback information to enhance his balance perception ability.

[0029] As a possible implementation, the method for enhancing balance perception further includes:

[0030] S5. Configure a post-test balance perception evaluation experiment, and obtain the change value of the balance perturbation deviation identification accuracy rate of the trainee when receiving the same perturbation stimulus as in the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment to verify the result of this round of balance perception training.

[0031] As a possible implementation, in the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment, a rhythmic stimulus plus an oddball paradigm is adopted, with an n-time same-angle perturbation sequence as the standard stimulus and an n - 1-time same-angle plus 1-time different-angle perturbation sequence as the deviant stimulus.

[0032] As a possible implementation, calculate the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter, including:

[0033] S30. Preset the deviation identification accuracy rate. When the balance perception evaluation experiment result of the trainee reaches the deviation identification accuracy rate, obtain the baseline perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee, and the peak perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the identification accuracy rate is the highest;

[0034] S31. Obtain the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency when applying the standard stimulus angle perturbation in the baseline perturbation angle pair to the trainee as the baseline threshold; obtain the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency when alternately applying the standard stimulus angle perturbation and the deviant stimulus angle perturbation in the peak perturbation angle pair to the trainee as the peak threshold;

[0035] S32. Obtain that the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold.

[0036] As a possible implementation, calculate the feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameter and the threshold range. Specifically: when the neurofeedback parameter is greater than the peak threshold, the feedback value is 1; when the neurofeedback parameter is less than the baseline threshold, the feedback value is 0; when the neurofeedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold, calculate the feedback value using the following linear interpolation method:

[0037] Feedback=(C X ―C B ) / (C T ―C B ),C B ≤C X ≤C T ;

[0038] Where, Feedback represents the feedback value, C X represents the neurofeedback parameter, C B represents the baseline threshold, and C T represents the peak threshold.

[0039] As a possible implementation, the neurofeedback information is a circle, and the radius of the circle is determined in the following way:

[0040] R X =R pre ―k×F eedback ;

[0041] Among them, Feedback represents the feedback value, and R X is the radius of the circular ring at the current moment, and R pre is the radius of the circular ring at the previous moment, and k is a constant.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects produced by the present invention are as follows:

[0043] 1. The balance perception enhancement system and method based on neural feedback proposed by the present invention innovatively starts from the perspective of functional remodeling of the balance perception pathway to improve the balance perception sensitivity of the trainee. By acquiring brain nerve signals and real-time feedback of the brain decoding results to the trainee in a visual or other way, it helps the trainee to autonomously adjust the corresponding nerve activities in real time, thereby promoting the functional remodeling of the neurons in the balance perception pathway and further realizing the improvement of the balance perception ability.

[0044] 2. The balance perception enhancement system and method based on neural feedback proposed by the present invention uses the proposed rhythmic balance perturbation stimulation paradigm to extract the rhythmic neural entrainment induced by exogenous stimulation as the feedback parameter. Compared with the prior art, it solves the problems of high signal-to-noise ratio of spontaneous brain electrical signals, large inter-individual variability, and difficulty in extracting the electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of single-trial event-related potentials (ERPs), and improves the reliability of the neural feedback parameter.

[0045] 3. The balance perception enhancement system and method based on neural feedback proposed by the present invention uses rhythmic stimuli presented alternately in intensity. Compared with the prior art, it can effectively induce the balance steady-state evoked EEG activity synchronized with the intensity change period in the trainee, and improve the trainee's discrimination ability of the balance perturbation difference, and enhance the transferability of the training effect.

[0046] 4. The balance perception enhancement system and method based on neural feedback proposed by the present invention allows for personalized adjustment according to the individual's EEG activity pattern to form a personalized training plan, thereby improving the enhancement efficiency of the balance perception ability. In addition, the neural feedback training technology improves the brain's self-regulation ability and neural plasticity, enabling the functional improvement to be maintained persistently, which helps to achieve long-term and stable enhancement effects. Description of the Drawings

[0047] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the balance perception enhancement system based on neural feedback in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2Schematic diagram of a complete balance perception training scheme in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 Flowchart of a method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of presenting neurofeedback information in a visual form to the trainee in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the overall scheme of conducting an experiment using this scheme in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 Flowchart of the behavioral measurement of balance perception in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 Flowchart of balance perception training in the experiment proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Reference numerals

[0056] 1 - Balance perturbation application module, 2 - Data acquisition and processing module, 3 - Neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module, 30 - Neurofeedback parameter extraction unit, 31 - Threshold range calculation unit, 32 - Neurofeedback parameter mapping unit, 4 - Feedback information presentation module. Detailed implementation manners

[0057] For the convenience of clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects. For example, the first threshold and the second threshold are only used to distinguish different thresholds and do not limit their sequence. Those skilled in the art can understand that terms such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and "first" and "second" do not necessarily mean different.

[0058] It should be noted that in the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to represent examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design solution described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments or design solutions. Exactly speaking, using words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0059] In the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between associated objects and indicates that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, both A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after. The following at least one (or) or its similar expression refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items (or) or plural items (or). For example, at least one (or) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, the combination of a and b, the combination of a and c, the combination of b and c, or the combination of a, b, and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0060] An embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a balance perception enhancement system and method based on neurofeedback, which can solve the problems existing in the prior art, such as neglecting the training of balance perception ability, low signal-to-noise ratio of spontaneous brain electrical activity, being easily interfered by other cognitive processes, and the difficulty of extracting single-trial ERP-induced brain electrical characteristics. The present invention uses rhythmic induced brain electrical activity to provide real-time feedback to the trainee on their brain electrical activity during the balance perception process, improving the reliability of the induced brain electrical feedback parameters and effectively enhancing the trainee's balance perception ability.

[0061] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a balance perception enhancement system based on neurofeedback. Refer to Figure 1 , which includes: a balance perturbation application module 1, a data acquisition and processing module 2, a neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module 3, and a feedback information presentation module 4;

[0062] Among them, the balance perturbation application module 1 is used to generate rhythmic perturbation stimuli with alternating intensities to induce rhythmic brain electrical signals of the trainee;

[0063] As an example, the rhythmic perturbation stimuli alternate between several different intensities. For example, the following 2 different intensities alternate: the perturbation stimulus is presented m times at intensity 1 (tilt angle

[0064] ), and the perturbation stimulus is presented m times at intensity 2 (tilt angle ), and then switches back to intensity 1 again, repeating this multiple times. This setting can guide the trainee to autonomously adjust their mental strategies to regulate the neurofeedback parameters, thereby improving the trainee's ability to identify differences in balance perturbations.

[0065] Using rhythmic balance perturbation stimuli to induce rhythmic brain electrical activity of the trainee can solve the problems of high signal-to-noise ratio of spontaneous brain electrical feedback parameters, large inter-individual variability, and the difficulty of extracting single-trial ERP-induced brain electrical characteristics.

[0066] The data acquisition and processing module 2 is used to acquire the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of the trainee and preprocess them; the EEG signals at least include rhythmic EEG signals.

[0067] As a possible implementation, the data acquisition and processing module 2 includes an amplifier and a processing host. The amplifier is used to amplify the acquired EEG signals of the trainee, and the processing host performs preprocessing such as filtering, rereferencing, downsampling, and artifact removal on the amplified EEG signals.

[0068] The neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module 3 receives the preprocessed EEG signals, calculates the neurofeedback parameters, configures the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters, calculates the feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameters and the threshold range, and maps the neurofeedback parameters to neurofeedback information based on the feedback value.

[0069] See Figure 1 As a possible implementation, the neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module 3 includes: a neurofeedback parameter extraction unit 30, a threshold range calculation unit 31, and a neurofeedback parameter mapping unit 32;

[0070] The neurofeedback parameter extraction unit 30 is used to receive the preprocessed EEG signals and extract the power spectral density of the EEG at a specific frequency from them, which is the neurofeedback parameter; the specific frequency is calculated based on the frequency of a single rhythmic perturbation stimulus and the number of perturbations at different stimulus intensities;

[0071] As an example, assume that the frequency of a single rhythmic perturbation stimulus applied to the trainee is f, and two different intensities are alternated, and the number of perturbations at both stimulus intensities is m. Then the calculation method of the specific frequency f′ is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Exemplarily, the Welch method, Bartlett method, Blackman - Tukey method, and multitaper method can be used to calculate the power spectral density of the EEG signals. The power spectral density C of the EEG at the frequency f′ (f′) is the neurofeedback parameter.

[0074] The threshold range calculation unit 31 calculates the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters based on the balance perturbation deviation identification result of the trainee, and calculates the feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameters and the threshold range;

[0075] As a possible implementation, the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters is calculated based on the balance perception evaluation experiment result of the trainee. Specifically:

[0076] Preset the deviation identification accuracy rate. When recording the evaluation result reaching the deviation identification accuracy rate, record the baseline disturbance angle pair of the balance disturbance applied to the trainee, and the peak disturbance angle pair of the balance disturbance applied to the trainee when the trainee has the highest identification accuracy rate. Both the baseline disturbance angle pair and the peak disturbance angle pair include the standard stimulus angle and the deviation stimulus angle; the baseline threshold is the cerebral electro - power spectral density at a specific frequency when applying the standard stimulus angle disturbance in the baseline disturbance angle pair to the trainee; the peak threshold is the cerebral electro - power spectral density at a specific frequency when alternately applying the standard stimulus angle disturbance and the deviation stimulus angle disturbance in the peak disturbance angle pair to the trainee. The baseline threshold and the peak threshold constitute the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter.

[0077] As an example, the preset deviation identification accuracy rate range is generally between 75% and 85%. Assume the preset deviation identification accuracy rate is 80%. When recording the evaluation result of the trainee reaching a deviation identification accuracy rate of 80%, record the baseline disturbance angle pair of the balance disturbance applied to the trainee, denoted as and the peak disturbance angle pair of the balance disturbance applied to the trainee when the trainee has the highest identification accuracy rate, denoted as Both the baseline disturbance angle pair and the peak disturbance angle pair include the standard stimulus angle and the deviation stimulus angle. Exemplarily, the standard stimulus angle means that all n disturbance angles are standard stimulus angles, and the deviation stimulus angle means that the first n - 1 disturbance angles are standard stimulus angles and the nth disturbance angle is a deviation stimulus angle. The baseline threshold is the cerebral electro - power spectral density at a specific frequency when applying the standard stimulus angle disturbance in the baseline disturbance angle pair to the trainee. For example, when applying the cerebral electro - power spectral density at a specific frequency of the angle disturbance, that is Or, when applying the cerebral electro - power spectral density at a specific frequency of the angle disturbance, that is The peak threshold is the cerebral electro - power spectral density at a specific frequency when alternately applying the standard stimulus angle disturbance and the deviation stimulus angle disturbance in the peak disturbance angle pair to the trainee, that is, alternately applying disturbances with angles of and to the trainee, and extracting the cerebral electro - power spectral density of the trainee at a specific frequency, that is The baseline threshold and the peak threshold constitute the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter, that is, the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold. The calculation method of the specific frequency has been described above and will not be elaborated here.

[0078] As a possible implementation method, use the following method to calculate the feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameter and the threshold range:

[0079] When the neural feedback parameter is greater than the peak threshold, the feedback value is 1; when the neural feedback parameter is less than the baseline threshold, the feedback value is 0; when the neural feedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold, a linear interpolation method is used to calculate the feedback value.

[0080] As an example, the calculation method of the feedback value is shown in the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] where C X represents the neural feedback parameter, C B represents the baseline threshold, C T represents the peak threshold, and Feedback represents the feedback value.

[0083] The neural feedback parameter mapping unit 32 maps the neural feedback parameter into neural feedback information based on the feedback value. The feedback information presentation module 4 is used to present the neural feedback information to the trainee in a visual form; the trainee adjusts his own neural activity in real time based on the presented neural feedback information to enhance his balance perception ability.

[0084] As an example, the neural feedback information can be a circular ring, a square ring, a flame, etc., which is not specifically limited here, and any presentation method does not affect the implementation of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0085] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a balance perception enhancement method based on neural feedback, which applies the balance perception enhancement system based on neural feedback provided in the first aspect. The balance perception enhancement method is to perform multiple rounds of balance perception training on the trainee. Refer to Figure 2 , and each round of balance perception training includes at least a pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment and neural feedback training;

[0086] Among them, the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment is used to determine the pair of perturbation tilt angles of the rhythmic perturbation stimulus required for neural feedback training. In the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment, the trainee is required to perform a balance perturbation deviation identification task. Exemplarily, in the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment, a rhythmic stimulus plus an oddball paradigm is used, with an n - time same-angle perturbation sequence as the standard stimulus and an n - 1 - time same-angle plus 1 - time different-angle perturbation sequence as the deviation stimulus. Assume that the pair of perturbation tilt angles of the rhythmic perturbation stimulus required for the determined neural feedback training is

[0087] Refer to Figures 2 to 3 , and the neural feedback training includes the following steps:

[0088] S1. After the trainee is in the resting state for a preset time, apply alternating stimuli of the angles included in the perturbation tilt angle alignment to the trainee; collect the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of the trainee in the resting state and during the application of the stimuli and perform preprocessing;

[0089] As an example, in each neurofeedback training session, the trainee first stays in the resting state. After a period of time, a rhythmic perturbation stimulus with two alternately presented intensities is applied to the trainee using a balance board. Among them, the perturbation angle of the intensity 1 rhythmic stimulus is the perturbation angle of the intensity 2 rhythmic stimulus is Specifically, the balance board tilts at an angle of and returns to the original position, repeating m times; then it switches to tilt at an angle of and returns to the original position, repeating m times; then it switches to the angle of and so on repeatedly for many times. The frequency of the balance board tilting and returning to the original position is f Hz.

[0090] S2. Extract the rhythmic features from the preprocessed EEG signals, and calculate the power spectral density of the brain at a specific frequency, which is the neurofeedback parameter;

[0091] As an example, use a multi-channel electrode cap to collect the EEG signals of the trainee in real time and perform amplification processing. The amplified signals are successively preprocessed by filtering, rereferencing, downsampling, and artifact removal, and then used for rhythmic feature extraction. Exemplarily, use the Welch method, Bartlett method, Blackman-Tukey method, and multitaper method to calculate the power spectral density of the EEG signals, and calculate the power spectral density C (f′) of the brain at a specific frequency f′, which is the neurofeedback parameter. Among them, the specific frequency f′ is calculated based on the frequency f of the single rhythmic perturbation stimulus applied to the trainee and the stimulus intensity change period m, as follows:

[0092]

[0093] The neurofeedback parameter is the difference between the power spectral density of the brain during the perturbation stimulus and the power spectral density of the brain in the resting state, that is:

[0094] C (f′) = PSD test (f′) ― PSDbase(f′)

[0095] Among them, PSD test (f′) is the power spectral density of the brain during the perturbation stimulus, and PSD base (f′) is the power spectral density of the brain in the resting state.

[0096] The balance perception enhancement method provided in this embodiment uses the proposed rhythmic balance perturbation stimulation paradigm to extract the rhythmic neural entrainment induced by exogenous stimuli as feedback parameters. Compared with the prior art, it solves the problems of high spontaneous brain electro-noise ratio, large inter-individual variability, and difficult extraction of single-trial ERP-induced brain electrical characteristics, and improves the reliability of neural feedback parameters.

[0097] S3. Calculate the threshold range of the neural feedback parameter, and calculate the feedback value based on the neural feedback parameter and the threshold range;

[0098] As a possible implementation, calculating the threshold range of the neural feedback parameter includes:

[0099] S30. Preset the deviation identification accuracy rate. When the balance perception evaluation experiment result of the trainee reaches the deviation identification accuracy rate, obtain the baseline perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee, and the peak perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the trainee has the highest identification accuracy rate;

[0100] As an example, the preset deviation identification accuracy rate range is generally between 75% and 85%. Assuming that the preset deviation identification accuracy rate is 80%, record the baseline perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the evaluation result of the trainee reaches the deviation identification accuracy rate of 80%, denoted as and the peak perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the trainee has the highest identification accuracy rate, denoted as Both the baseline perturbation angle pair and the peak perturbation angle pair include a standard stimulus angle and a deviation stimulus angle. Exemplarily, the standard stimulus angle means that all n perturbation angles are standard stimulus angles, and the deviation stimulus angle means that the first n-1 perturbation angles are standard stimulus angles, and the nth perturbation angle is a deviation stimulus angle.

[0101] S31. Obtain the brain power spectral density at a specific frequency when applying the standard stimulus angle perturbation in the baseline perturbation angle pair to the trainee as the baseline threshold; obtain the brain power spectral density at a specific frequency when alternately applying the standard stimulus angle perturbation and the deviation stimulus angle perturbation in the peak perturbation angle pair to the trainee as the peak threshold;

[0102] The baseline threshold is the brain power spectral density at a specific frequency when applying the standard stimulus angle perturbation in the baseline perturbation angle pair to the trainee. For example, when applying angle perturbation to the trainee, the brain power spectral density at a specific frequency, that is, Or, when applying angle perturbation to the trainee, the brain power spectral density at a specific frequency, that is, The peak threshold is the brain power spectral density at a specific frequency when standard stimulus angle perturbations and deviation stimulus angle perturbations of the peak perturbation angle pair are alternately applied to the trainee, that is, when the trainee is alternately applied with perturbations at angles of and , the brain power spectral density of the trainee at a specific frequency is extracted, that is

[0103] S32. The threshold range for obtaining the neurofeedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold, that is: C B ≤C X ≤C T .

[0104] As a possible implementation, the feedback value is calculated based on the neurofeedback parameter and the threshold range. Specifically: when the neurofeedback parameter is greater than the peak threshold, the feedback value is 1; when the neurofeedback parameter is less than the baseline threshold, the feedback value is 0; when the neurofeedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold, the following linear interpolation method is used to calculate the feedback value:

[0105] Feedback=(C X ―C B ) / (C T ―C B ), C B ≤C X ≤C T ;

[0106] where, Feedback represents the feedback value, C X represents the feedback parameter, C B represents the baseline threshold, and C T represents the peak threshold.

[0107] S4. Based on the feedback value, the neurofeedback parameter is mapped to neurofeedback information, and the neurofeedback information is presented to the trainee in a visual form. The trainee adjusts his own neural activity in real time based on the presented neurofeedback information to enhance his balance perception ability.

[0108] As a possible implementation, the neurofeedback information is a ring, and the following method is used to determine the radius of the ring:

[0109] R X =R pre ―k×Feedback;

[0110] where, Feedback represents the feedback value, R X is the radius of the ring at the current moment, R pre is the radius of the ring at the previous moment, and k is a constant.

[0111] Exemplarily, the initial radius of the circular ring is given in advance, and during the training process, the radius of the circular ring is dynamically adjusted based on the change of the feedback parameter.

[0112] In summary, the specific mapping rule of the neural feedback parameter is as follows: if the feedback parameter at the current time is less than the baseline threshold C B (i.e., the feedback value is 0), the radius of the circular ring remains unchanged; if the feedback parameter at the current time is greater than the peak threshold C T (i.e., the feedback value is 1), the radius of the circular ring shrinks to R pre ―k; if the feedback parameter at the current time is in the two-threshold interval, the radius of the circular ring shrinks to R pre ―k×(C X ―C B / C T ―C B ). The neural features are dynamically changing and are updated every 500 ms. Therefore, the change of the radius of the circular ring is also dynamic.

[0113] See Figure 4 , as an example, a circular ring image is generated according to the dynamically adjusted radius of the circular ring and presented to the trainee. The change of the radius of the circular ring reflects the dynamic characteristics of the trainee's neural activity, helping the trainee intuitively perceive and adjust their own neural activity state. During the stimulation, the trainee is required to actively regulate neural activity using mental strategies, shrink the radius of the circular ring, and follow the principle of "trying to make the circular ring shrink as small as possible".

[0114] Each round of balance perception training includes neural feedback training of multiple blocks. At the start of each neural feedback training trial, the initial radius of the circular ring inherits the final radius at the end of the previous trial. Repeat q trials to complete a block of balance perception training.

[0115] In practical applications, a training group and a control group are set up. The training group conducts neural feedback training using the above process, while the control group receives the same perturbation scheme as the training group during training. The difference is that the subjects in the control group are required to visually observe the radius of the circular ring but not attempt to control it.

[0116] It should be explained that the presentation form of the neural feedback information is not necessarily a circular ring, and it can also be patterns of other shapes, such as a square ring, a flame shape, etc. No matter in what way it is presented, it does not affect the essence of the present invention.

[0117] As a possible implementation manner, the balance perception enhancement method further includes:

[0118] S6. Configure a post-test balance perception evaluation experiment to obtain the change value of the balance perturbation deviation identification accuracy rate of the trainee when receiving the same perturbation stimulus as the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment, so as to verify the result of this round of balance perception training.

[0119] Next, the balance perception enhancement system and method proposed in the embodiments of the present invention are used for experiments. Refer to Figure 5 , which is a complete training process, including six parts: recording of balance dysfunction assessment scale data (pre-test), balance perception behavioral assessment (pre-test), neurofeedback training based on evoked brain electrical characteristics, balance perception behavioral assessment (post-test), recording of balance dysfunction assessment scale data (post-test), and evaluation of neurofeedback training effect. The following is a detailed description:

[0120] The first part: Recruit stroke patients to participate in the training. The inclusion criteria for the trainees are that the age range is 40 - 60 years old, and the gender of the trainees is balanced in terms of the total number. Further, collect the balance measurement data sheet. The experimenter guides the subject to complete each inspection item in turn according to the inspection items of the Berg Balance Scale and counts the scores. According to the score situation, determine the degree of balance dysfunction of the patient. The lower the score, the more serious the degree of balance dysfunction. Exclude patients with scores below 20 points from the subjects. Randomly divide the selected patients into a training group and a control group.

[0121] The second part: First, use behavioral methods to evaluate the balance perception levels of the patients in the training group and the control group. In this embodiment, the oddball balance perturbation task is used as the behavioral method (standard stimulus: deviant stimulus = 1:4), that is, the patient is required to stand on the balance board, and balance perturbations are applied to the patient through the tilt of the balance board at different intensities, and the deviation or standard of the subjective feeling is recorded. Record the subjective perception detection rate under different intensities of perturbation stimuli as the balance perception level of the patient.

[0122] Before the formal task, the patient needs to perform a familiarization task and receive balance board stimuli at different angles in turn. In order to improve the generalization performance of the model, this embodiment sets 3 different intensities of standard stimuli: weak, medium, and strong. Based on the tilt angle of the standard stimulus, 4 deviant stimulus tilt angles are set for each standard stimulus condition within a deviation range of ±20 - 25%, as shown in Table 1:

[0123] Table 1 Balance board perturbation angle parameters

[0124]

[0125] The formal task process is as Figure 6 shown:

[0126] (1) In each trial, first, a 1s sound prompt appears, 200ms "beep", and an 800ms interval;

[0127] (2) After the prompt ends, the balance board generates a rhythmic directional perturbation stimulus sequence, that is, it tilts and returns to the original position continuously 5 times at a fixed frequency of 1 Hz to induce the patient to generate rhythmic brain waves. Among them, the tilt angle of the last time can be different from the previous 4 times (deviation stimulus), or the same as the previous 4 times (standard stimulus);

[0128] (3) After the last stimulus ends, the patient enters a 2-s rest period and reports whether they feel the deviation stimulus and their confidence in the answer;

[0129] (4) Repeat steps (1) to (3) 20 times, which is 1 block (1 trial block). Among them, the number of trials for the deviation stimulus and the standard stimulus are 8 times and 12 times respectively, and the order is random.

[0130] Each level has 4 blocks, and there are 12 blocks in total for 3 levels. It takes about 24 minutes in total.

[0131] Part three: The overall neurofeedback training plan is as Figure 7 shown. Both the training group (neurofeedback disorder group) and the control group receive 8 consecutive days of feedback training. The specific training plan for the training group is as follows:

[0132] (1) After entering the training period, a pre-test of balance perception is conducted every day. In the pre-test block of balance perception, in each trial, the patient receives the same stimulus task as in the balance perception behavioral assessment paradigm and repeats it 20 times to obtain their balance perception threshold, that is, the pair of balance perturbation difference angles corresponding to the 85% detection rate horizontal line (e.g., standard stimulus angle = 5°, deviation stimulus angle = 5.5°), and the pair of angles corresponding to the maximum perception level (e.g., standard stimulus angle = 5°, deviation stimulus angle = 4°);

[0133] (2) When entering the feedback training block, a sound prompt appears first in each trial. After the prompt disappears, the balance board conducts rhythmic directional perturbation stimuli presented alternately at 2 intensities. Among them, the perturbation angle of the rhythmic stimulus of intensity 1 is 5°, and the perturbation angle of the rhythmic stimulus of intensity 2 is 5.5°. Specifically, the balance board tilts and returns to the original position at an angle of 5° and repeats 4 times; then it switches to tilt and return to the original position at an angle of 5.5° and repeats 4 times; then it switches back to an angle of 5° again, and so on 5 times. The frequency of the balance board tilting and returning to the original position is f = 1 Hz. After the trainee completes the above task, they rest for 2 s. After the rest ends, the current trial ends and the next trial begins;

[0134] (3) After the perturbation stimulus is presented, the system real-time collects the brain electrical signals of the trainee through a multi-channel electrode cap, amplifies and saves them. The signals are sequentially preprocessed through filtering, rereferencing, downsampling, and artifact removal, and then transmitted to the feedback parameter extraction module;

[0135] (4) Extract the target rhythm features from the preprocessed EEG data, calculate the relative power as the feedback parameter, and calculate the feedback value according to the feedback parameter threshold, and finally map it to a quantization value that can be used for subsequent feedback, as follows:

[0136] ① Extract the characteristics of specific rhythm neural activities in the brain. Calculate the power spectral density of the EEG signal by the Welch method, and extract the power spectral density C of the brain rhythm corresponding to the change period of the perturbation stimulus intensity in the motor area of the brain, where f′ = 1 / 8 Hz (f′) as the feedback parameter. The calculation formula of the target brain power spectrum of each trainee in each channel is as follows: C (f′＝1 / 8) = PSC test (f′ = 1 / 8) ― PSD base (f′ = 1 / 8)

[0137] where PSD test (f′ = 1 / 8) is the power spectral density during the perturbation stimulus period, and PSD base (f′ = 1 / 8) is the resting power spectral density during the pre-perturbation cue period.

[0138] ② Calculate the minimum and maximum thresholds of the neurofeedback parameter. The trainee receives the same stimulation task as the feedback training, but with different intensity parameters. Specifically: Set the intensity 1 and intensity 2 to be the same, that is, the tilt angles are both the standard stimulus angle 5° in the balance perception threshold, and extract the power spectral density of the brain rhythm with f′ = 1 / 8 Hz in the motor area of the trainee as the baseline threshold C B ; Set the perturbation angles of intensity 1 and intensity 2 to be the angle pair corresponding to the maximum perception level (5°, 4°), and extract the power spectral density of the brain rhythm with f′ = 1 / 8 Hz in the motor area of the trainee as the peak threshold C T ;

[0139] ③ Calculate the feedback value Feedback according to the neurofeedback parameter and the feedback parameter threshold. Judge the difference between the current feedback parameter C (f′＝1 / 8) and the threshold. If C (f′＝1 / 8) is greater than the peak threshold C T , the feedback value is 1; if C (f′＝1 / 8) is less than the baseline threshold C T , the feedback value is 0; if C (f′＝1 / 8) is between the baseline threshold and the peak threshold, the feedback value is calculated by linear interpolation:

[0140]

[0141] where C X represents the neurofeedback parameter, C B represents the baseline threshold, C T represents the peak threshold, and feedback represents the feedback value.

[0142] ④ Map the feedback parameter to a neurofeedback signal according to the feedback value. The neurofeedback signal dynamically adjusts the radius of the ring based on the signal changes at the current and previous time points of the subject. The calculation method is as follows:

[0143] R X =R pre −k×feedback

[0144] Where, R X is the radius of the ring at the current time, R pre is the radius of the ring at the previous time, and k is a constant.

[0145] If the feedback parameter C (f′＝1 / 8) at the current time is less than the baseline threshold C B (i.e., the feedback value is 0), the radius of the ring remains unchanged; if the feedback parameter C (f′＝1 / 8) at the current time is greater than the peak threshold C T (i.e., the feedback value is 1), the radius of the ring shrinks to R pre −k; if the feedback parameter C (f′＝1 / 8) is between the two thresholds at the current time, the radius of the ring shrinks to R pre −k×(C X −C B / C T −C B ). The neural characteristics are dynamically changing and updated every 500 ms. Therefore, the change in the radius of the ring is also dynamic.

[0146] (5) The feedback information presentation module is responsible for presenting the mapped neurofeedback signal to the trainee in a visual form. Specifically, the module generates a ring image based on the dynamically adjusted radius R X of the ring and displays it in real time through the display screen;

[0147] (6) During the stimulation, the trainee is required to actively regulate neural activity using mental strategies to shrink the radius of the ring and follow the principle of "trying to make the ring shrink as small as possible";

[0148] (7) At the start of each trial, the initial radius of the ring inherits the final radius at the end of the previous trial. Repeat 10 trials to complete 1 feedback training block; repeat steps (2)-(6) 8 times to complete 8 blocks of feedback training. The control group receives the same perturbation scheme as the training group during the training. The subjects are required to visually observe the radius of the ring but not attempt to control it. After the feedback training block for the day ends, repeat step (1) to conduct a balance perception post-test again. Completion of training is represented by 8 training days.

[0149] Parts Four and Five: One week after the neurofeedback training, the trainees were required to perform ethological measurements of balance perception to evaluate the maintenance effect of the balance perception ability after training. The trainers guided the patients to perform the item tasks in the Balance Dysfunction Assessment Scale again and record the score data to obtain the evaluation of the balance dysfunction degree of the stroke patients.

[0150] Part Six: Based on the results of the first balance perception assessment and the post-test results of balance perception on the last day of training, the ethological and electroencephalogram results of the patients before and after the entire training cycle were obtained. By comparing the effects of the training group and the control group, the effect of the neurofeedback training was determined. In addition, by comparing the results of the first balance perception assessment with the results of the balance perception assessment one week after the end of training, the maintenance effect of the neurofeedback training was evaluated.

[0151] The method proposed in this application allows for personalized adjustment according to the individual's electroencephalogram activity pattern to form a personalized training plan, thereby improving the enhancement efficiency of the balance perception ability. In addition, the neurofeedback training technology enhances the brain's self-regulation ability and neuroplasticity, enabling the functional improvement to be maintained persistently, which helps to achieve long-term stable enhancement effects.

[0152] Although the present invention has been described in connection with various embodiments, however, in the process of implementing the claimed invention, those skilled in the art can understand and achieve other variations of the disclosed embodiments by viewing the drawings, the disclosure content, and the description of the drawings, etc. In the specification, the term "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "one" does not exclude the case of multiple. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the specification. Certain measures are described in different embodiments, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0153] Although the present invention has been described in connection with specific features and their embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, this specification and the drawings are merely exemplary descriptions of the present invention and are considered to have covered any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention and its equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A balance perception enhancement system based on neurofeedback, characterized in that Comprising: A balance perturbation application module, configured to generate rhythmic perturbation stimuli with alternating intensities, so as to induce rhythmic electroencephalogram signals of a trainee; A data acquisition and processing module, configured to acquire electroencephalogram signals of the trainee and preprocess them, where the electroencephalogram signals at least include the rhythmic electroencephalogram signals; A neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module, which receives the preprocessed electroencephalogram signals, calculates neurofeedback parameters, configures a threshold range of the neurofeedback parameters, calculates a feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameters and the threshold range, and maps the neurofeedback parameters into neurofeedback information based on the feedback value; And a feedback information presentation module, configured to present the neurofeedback information to the trainee in a visual form; The trainee adjusts his own neural activities in real time based on the presented neurofeedback information, so as to enhance his balance perception ability.

2. The balance perception enhancement system based on neurofeedback according to claim 1, wherein The neurofeedback parameter calculation and mapping module includes: A neurofeedback parameter extraction unit, configured to receive the preprocessed electroencephalogram signals and extract the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency therefrom as the neurofeedback parameter; the specific frequency is calculated based on the frequency of a single rhythmic perturbation stimulus and the number of perturbation times of different stimulus intensities; A threshold range calculation unit, which calculates the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter based on the balance perturbation deviation identification result of the trainee, and calculates a feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameter and the threshold range; And a neurofeedback parameter mapping unit, which maps the neurofeedback parameter into neurofeedback information based on the feedback value.

3. The balance perception enhancement system based on neurofeedback according to claim 2, wherein Calculating the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter based on the balance perception evaluation experiment results of the trainee, specifically: Presetting a deviation identification accuracy rate, recording the baseline perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the evaluation result reaches the deviation identification accuracy rate, and the peak perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the identification accuracy rate is the highest. Both the baseline perturbation angle pair and the peak perturbation angle pair include a standard stimulus angle and a deviation stimulus angle; the baseline threshold is the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency when the standard stimulus angle perturbation in the baseline perturbation angle pair is applied to the trainee; the peak threshold is the brain power spectral density of a specific frequency when the standard stimulus angle perturbation and the deviation stimulus angle perturbation in the peak perturbation angle pair are alternately applied to the trainee. The baseline threshold and the peak threshold constitute the threshold range of the neurofeedback parameter.

4. The balance perception enhancement system based on neurofeedback according to claim 2, characterized in that, The following method is adopted to calculate the feedback value based on the neurofeedback parameter and the threshold range: When the neurofeedback parameter is greater than the peak threshold, the feedback value is 1; when the neurofeedback parameter is less than the baseline threshold, the feedback value is 0; when the neurofeedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold, a linear interpolation method is used to calculate the feedback value.

5. A method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback, characterized in that, Applying the balance perception enhancement system based on neurofeedback according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the balance perception enhancement method is to conduct multiple rounds of balance perception training on the trainee. Each round of balance perception training at least includes a pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment and neurofeedback training. The pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment is used to determine the perturbation tilt angle pair of the rhythmic perturbation stimulus required for neurofeedback training; The neural feedback training includes the following steps: S1. After the trainee is in the resting state for a preset time, apply alternating stimuli of the angles included in the perturbation tilt angle alignment to the trainee; collect the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of the trainee in the resting state and during the application of the stimuli and perform preprocessing. S2. Extract the rhythm features from the preprocessed EEG data, calculate the power spectral density of the brain at a specific frequency, and obtain the neural feedback parameter; the neural feedback parameter is the difference between the power spectral density of the brain during the perturbation stimulus and the power spectral density of the brain in the resting state. S3. Calculate the threshold range of the neural feedback parameter, and calculate the feedback value based on the neural feedback parameter and the threshold range. S4. Map the neural feedback parameter to neural feedback information based on the feedback value, and present the neural feedback information to the trainee in a visual form. The trainee adjusts their own neural activities in real time based on the presented neural feedback information to enhance their balance perception ability.

6. The method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback according to claim 5, characterized in that The balance perception enhancement method further includes: S5. Configure a post-test balance perception evaluation experiment, and obtain the change value of the balance perturbation deviation identification accuracy rate of the trainee when receiving the same perturbation stimulus as in the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment, so as to verify the result of this round of balance perception training.

7. The method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback according to claim 5, characterized in that In the pre-test balance perception evaluation experiment, a rhythmic stimulus plus an oddball paradigm is adopted, with an n-time same-angle perturbation sequence as the standard stimulus and an n - 1-time same-angle plus 1-time different-angle perturbation sequence as the deviation stimulus.

8. The method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback according to claim 5, characterized in that Calculating the threshold range of the neural feedback parameter includes: S30. Preset the deviation identification accuracy rate, and obtain the baseline perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the balance perception evaluation experiment result of the trainee reaches the deviation identification accuracy rate, and the peak perturbation angle pair of the balance perturbation applied to the trainee when the identification accuracy rate is the highest. S31. Obtain the power spectral density of the brain at a specific frequency when applying the standard stimulus angle perturbation in the baseline perturbation angle pair to the trainee as the baseline threshold; the power spectral density of the brain at a specific frequency when alternately applying the standard stimulus angle perturbation and the deviation stimulus angle perturbation in the peak perturbation angle pair to the trainee is the peak threshold. S32. Obtain that the threshold range of the neural feedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold.

9. The method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback according to claim 8, wherein Calculating the feedback value based on the neural feedback parameter and the threshold range is specifically: when the neural feedback parameter is greater than the peak threshold, the feedback value is 1; when the neural feedback parameter is less than the baseline threshold, the feedback value is 0; when the neural feedback parameter is greater than or equal to the baseline threshold and less than or equal to the peak threshold, the following linear interpolation method is used to calculate the feedback value: Feedback=(C X – C B ) / (C T – C B ), C B ≤ C X ≤ C T ; Among them, Feedback represents the feedback value, C X represents the neural feedback parameter, C B represents the baseline threshold, C T represents the peak threshold.

10. The method for enhancing balance perception based on neurofeedback according to claim 9, wherein, The neural feedback information is a circular ring, and the radius of the circular ring is determined in the following manner: R X = R pre ― k × Feedback; Among them, Feedback represents the feedback value, R X is the radius of the circular ring at the current moment, R pre is the radius of the circular ring at the previous moment, and k is a constant.

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