Fly ash and flue gas integrated treatment equipment special for incinerator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fly ash and flue gas separation, and discloses fly ash and flue gas integrated treatment equipment special for an incinerator, the fly ash and flue gas integrated treatment equipment comprises a support, a cyclone separator is mounted in the support, a pretreatment assembly is arranged in the support, and the pretreatment assembly comprises a cyclone gas inlet chamber fixedly connected to the top of the support; a rotational flow opening is formed in the top of the rotational flow air inlet chamber, the outer edge of the rotational flow opening is tangent to the outer edge of the rotational flow air inlet chamber, the side, away from the rotational flow air inlet chamber, of the rotational flow opening is connected with an external incinerator, an external fan is arranged between the rotational flow opening and the external incinerator, and fly ash and smoke flow along a spiral path under guidance of a spiral flow guide column. Flue gas and fly ash molecules have more opportunities to collide with each other, friction among the molecules is intensified, and meanwhile, under the heating action of the heater, the activity of the molecules is enhanced, so that originally dispersed micromolecular particles are more easily agglomerated with each other to form macromolecular particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fly ash and flue gas separation, and specifically to an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device dedicated to an incinerator. Background Art

[0002] The integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device for an incinerator is used to efficiently purify fly ash and flue gas generated during the incineration process, ensuring compliance with emissions standards and reducing environmental pollution.

[0003] However, there are still some problems with the existing integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment devices: Firstly, in the separation stage of fly ash and flue gas, the commonly used cyclone separator in the existing technology relies on centrifugal force to separate fly ash particles from the flue gas. Large fly ash particles are thrown towards the inner wall of the separator under the action of centrifugal force and settle for collection. However, for fly ash particles with smaller particle sizes, the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator is greatly reduced. Due to their light mass and small inertia, the centrifugal force acting on the small fly ash particles in the cyclone separator is not sufficient to effectively separate them, and they will still enter the subsequent treatment process with the flue gas. This not only reduces the collection efficiency of fly ash, increases the burden on subsequent treatment equipment, but also may lead to excessive fly ash emissions and environmental pollution.

[0004] To make up for the poor separation effect of the cyclone separator on small fly ash particles, some devices attempt to use a filter screen for secondary filtration, but this approach brings new problems. The filter screen is extremely prone to being blocked by fly ash particles during use. The fly ash particles have irregular shapes and certain adhesiveness, and when they come into contact with the filter screen, they are easily attached to the filter screen and gradually accumulate, resulting in a decrease in the pore size of the filter screen or even complete blockage. Once the filter screen is blocked, the flue gas flow is obstructed, the system pressure increases, and the operating efficiency of the treatment equipment is significantly reduced. To maintain the operation of the equipment, the filter screen needs to be frequently cleaned or replaced, which not only increases the equipment maintenance cost and manual workload, but also causes equipment downtime and affects production continuity. Long-term frequent filter screen maintenance may also lead to damage to the filter screen, further shortening its service life and increasing the operating cost of the enterprise.

[0005] Secondly, after separating the flue gas and fly ash, the flue gas needs to be purified. Existing flue gas purification technologies, such as desulfurization, denitrification, and dust removal, usually rely on multiple independent treatment units to achieve. The desulfurization process mainly uses alkaline substances to chemically react with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas and convert it into substances such as sulfates for removal; denitrification mostly uses technologies such as selective catalytic reduction or selective non-catalytic reduction, where a reducing agent is injected into the flue gas and nitrogen oxides are reduced to nitrogen under certain conditions; dust removal generally uses methods such as electrostatic dust removal and bag dust removal.

[0006] However, these independent processing units act independently, making the entire flue gas purification system complex. Each processing unit requires dedicated equipment, pipelines, control systems, etc. This not only increases the investment cost of the equipment but also significantly raises the difficulty of system installation, commissioning, and maintenance. Moreover, multiple independent processing units occupy a large area, which is a significant limiting factor for some enterprises with limited space. The complex system also increases the probability of failures. Once a certain processing unit fails, the entire flue gas purification process may be interrupted, resulting in the flue gas being unable to meet the emission standards and causing serious environmental pollution. At the same time, due to the poor coordination between the processing units, it is difficult to achieve efficient and synchronous removal of multiple pollutants during actual operation, reducing the overall treatment efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention proposes an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device dedicated to incinerators. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device dedicated to incinerators to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device dedicated to incinerators, including a bracket. Inside the bracket, a cyclone separator is installed. A pretreatment component is arranged inside the bracket. The pretreatment component includes an air inlet structure installed on the surface of the bracket. Inside the air inlet structure, a heating structure, an atomization structure, and a sound wave generating device are integrated respectively.

[0010] When fly ash and flue gas enter the air inlet structure, under the guiding action of the air inlet structure, the motion states of the fly ash and flue gas change, and their residence time inside the air inlet structure is extended, which increases the chance of intermolecular collisions. At the same time, the heating structure heats the fly ash and flue gas, improving the activity of the molecules, thereby promoting the agglomeration of particulate matter. The sound wave vibration generated by the sound wave generating device can further promote intermolecular collisions and agglomeration, and can also prevent particulate matter from accumulating inside the air inlet structure. Finally, the atomization structure sprays water mist to cool the air inlet structure and the heating structure, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the device.

[0011] Preferably, the air inlet structure includes a swirl air inlet chamber fixedly connected to the surface of the bracket. Inside the swirl air inlet chamber, a spiral guide column is fixedly connected. A swirl port is installed at the top of the swirl air inlet chamber. The outer edge of the swirl port is tangent to the outer edge of the swirl air inlet chamber. The side of the swirl port away from the swirl air inlet chamber is used to be connected to an external incinerator. The bottom of the swirl air inlet chamber is communicated with the cyclone separator.

[0012] The heating structure includes a heating chamber and a heater. The heating chamber is opened in the middle of the inner wall of the swirling air inlet chamber, and the heater is installed inside the heating chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the atomization structure includes a water pump, a water tank, a plurality of pipes, a plurality of atomizing nozzles, and an external temperature sensor. The water pump and the water tank are installed on the outer wall of the bracket. The water pump and the water tank are connected to each other. The pipes are all connected to the water pump. The atomizing nozzles are all installed at the bottom of the pipes. The atomizing nozzles and the pipes are both located inside the spiral guide column. The output ends of the atomizing nozzles are inclined in accordance with the thread direction of the spiral guide column. The external temperature sensor is installed inside the swirling air inlet chamber, and the external temperature sensor is electrically connected to the water pump.

[0014] Preferably, an external blower is installed between the swirling port and the external incinerator.

[0015] Preferably, both the swirling air inlet chamber and the spiral guide column gradually contract toward the side close to the bottom of the bracket.

[0016] Preferably, the sound wave generating device is made of heat-resistant material, specifically tungsten metal material.

[0017] Preferably, the sound wave generating device is in the form of a probe.

[0018] Preferably, a ash hopper is arranged below the cyclone separator.

[0019] Preferably, the heater is an electric heating wire.

[0020] Preferably, a degradation reaction assembly is arranged below the cyclone separator. The degradation reaction assembly includes a reaction cylinder fixedly connected to the inner surface of the bracket. The reaction cylinder communicates with the top of the cyclone separator. A plasma generator is installed inside the reaction cylinder. A flow channel is opened in the middle of the plasma generator. Both electrodes of the plasma generator are arranged on both sides of the flow channel. A first catalyst block is installed inside the reaction cylinder and below the plasma generator. An electric field intensifier is installed inside the reaction cylinder and below the first catalyst block. Both electrodes of the electric field intensifier are arranged on both sides close to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder. A limiting column is arranged below the first catalyst block. A plurality of flow dividing plates are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the limiting column at equal intervals in a circular pattern. The sides of the flow dividing plates away from the limiting column are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder. A second catalyst block is arranged on the outer surface of the limiting column. A buckle is clamped below the limiting column. The buckle is used to carry the second catalyst block. Both the first catalyst block and the second catalyst block are made of catalytically active materials.

[0021] Preferably, the first catalytic block is made of titanium dioxide and is honeycomb-shaped. The second catalytic block is made of activated carbon fiber. The shapes of the two electrodes of the electric field intensifier are adapted to the shape of the second catalytic block. The electrode of the plasma generator is a filament electrode.

[0022] Preferably, confluence shells are installed on both the upper and lower sides of the plasma generator. The shape of the confluence shell located above is adapted to the shape of the top of the reaction cylinder and the flow-through groove. The shape of the confluence shell located below is adapted to the shape of the flow-through groove and the first catalytic block.

[0023] Preferably, the electric field intensifier provides a directional electric field of 1-5 kV / cm. The two electrodes of the electric field intensifier are located at its top, and the high-voltage power supply of the electric field intensifier is arranged below it. The high-voltage power supply and the electrodes are connected by a cable.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Under the guidance of the spiral deflector column, the fly ash and flue gas flow along a spiral path, greatly prolonging their residence time in the swirl intake chamber. Here, the flue gas and fly ash molecules have more opportunities to collide with each other, intensifying the friction between molecules. At the same time, under the heating effect of the heater, the activity of the molecules is enhanced, making it easier for the originally dispersed small molecule particulate matters to agglomerate with each other to form large molecule particulate matters. This effectively avoids the problem of low separation efficiency of small particle fly ash, reduces the situation of small particle fly ash entering the subsequent treatment process with the flue gas, improves the collection efficiency of fly ash, reduces the burden on the subsequent treatment equipment, and also avoids the pollution to the environment caused by excessive fly ash emissions.

[0025] Among them, the contraction characteristics of the swirl intake chamber and the spiral deflector column cause the flow velocity of the flue gas and dust to gradually accelerate when flowing inside. After the small molecule particulate matters agglomerate into large molecule particulate matters under the action of heating and collision, the accelerated airflow can quickly carry these large molecule particulate matters away from the swirl intake chamber, avoiding the accumulation of large molecule particulate matters in the swirl intake chamber.

[0026] Among them, since the swirl intake chamber is in a contracted shape, when the fly ash and flue gas flow in it, their angular velocity will gradually increase, thereby increasing the centrifugal force exerted on the fly ash particles. The greater centrifugal force helps the fly ash particles to be better separated from the flue gas, improving the separation effect of fly ash in the cyclone separator.

[0027] Among them, during the flow of the fly ash and flue gas, the particulate matters can move downward orderly along the threads of the spiral deflector column, avoiding the disorderly pushing of the particulate matters in the swirl intake chamber.

[0028] Among them, the sound waves generated by the sound wave generating device have various beneficial effects. On the one hand, the vibration of the sound waves can promote the movement of molecules in the fly ash and flue gas, increase the collision opportunities between molecules, and further promote the agglomeration of small particulate matter, causing more small particles to aggregate into large particles. On the other hand, the vibration of the sound waves can act on the particulate matter already attached to the inner wall of the device or accumulated, preventing them from further accumulating and blocking.

[0029] Among them, in a heating environment, the molecular activity of the medium is relatively high, and the loss of sound waves during their propagation is relatively small. The relatively small loss of sound wave transmission enables the sound waves to be more effectively transmitted to all corners of the swirling inlet chamber, giving full play to their role in promoting agglomeration and preventing blockage.

[0030] Among them, the heater is arranged in the middle of the swirling inlet chamber, which causes temperature transition regions to form on the upper and lower sides of the swirling inlet chamber. When the pre-treated dust and flue gas enter the cyclone separator, the temperature will gradually decrease. According to the principles of thermology, the decrease in temperature will slow down the thermal movement of the particulate matter and relatively enhance the intermolecular attraction, thereby promoting the particulate matter to aggregate more easily, which is conducive to the separation of fly ash and flue gas.

[0031] Among them, in a high-temperature environment, the spraying of water mist enables the molecules in the fly ash and flue gas to come into full contact with the water mist. Water molecules have strong adsorption properties and can adsorb the surrounding small particulate fly ash, promoting the agglomeration between particles. At the same time, the high temperature also helps to accelerate the evaporation and diffusion of water molecules, making the agglomeration process more rapid and effective.

[0032] Among them, by cooling with water mist, the temperature in the swirling inlet chamber is ensured to be within a suitable range, avoiding damage to other structures caused by overheating.

[0033] Among them, by controlling the working state of the water pump through an external sensor, a water spraying method according to demand is realized, thereby avoiding unnecessary waste of water resources and energy consumption, and achieving energy-saving optimization of the equipment operation.

[0034] 2. The gas molecules are rapidly ionized by the plasma generator to generate a large number of high-energy electrons. These high-energy electrons collide violently with oxygen, water vapor and other molecules in the flue gas, thereby generating strong oxidizing substances. These strong oxidizing substances can quickly react chemically with the pollutants in the flue gas, decompose them preliminarily, break the complex molecular structure of the pollutants, and convert them into relatively simple substances. Subsequently, under the continuous action of high-energy electrons, the catalyst block 1 is effectively activated and generates electron-hole pairs, so that the pollutants are further decomposed into harmless small molecules such as carbon dioxide and water. This process greatly reduces the content of pollutants in the flue gas and reduces the pressure of subsequent treatment. Then, the directional electric field generated by the electric field intensifier can accelerate the movement of pollutant molecules in the electric field, so that they contact with the catalyst block 2 more frequently. The catalyst block 2, with its own good adsorption performance and catalytic activity, deeply purifies the pollutants after preliminary decomposition and primary catalysis, and further removes the residual harmful substances. The whole process is closely linked, realizing stable and efficient treatment of flue gas, avoiding the problems of poor coordination and low treatment efficiency of multiple independent treatment units in the prior art, and ensuring that the flue gas can meet the emission standards.

[0035] When the filament electrode is electrified, a local strong magnetic field will be generated around it. This local strong magnetic field can highly concentrate the electric field energy, making the electric field strength near the electrode significantly enhanced. Under the action of the strong electric field, the ionization process of gas molecules is greatly promoted, and a large number of high-energy electrons can be generated more efficiently.

[0036] The shape of the electrode of the electric field intensifier and the catalyst block 2 are adapted to each other, so that the electric field distribution can be more uniform and concentrated around the catalyst block 2, and the role of the electric field intensifier can be fully exerted. When the pollutant molecules move toward the catalyst block 2 under the action of the electric field force, the uniform and concentrated electric field can ensure that the pollutant molecules contact the catalyst block 2 at a suitable speed and angle, thereby improving the efficiency of the catalytic reaction. At the same time, the adapted shape also reduces the loss of electric field energy.

[0037] Among them, the confluence shells located on the upper and lower sides of the plasma generator can accurately converge the airflow to one place, thereby ensuring the uniform distribution of the flue gas in the plasma area, making the plasma more effective in ionizing and initially decomposing the flue gas. The confluence shell below converges the flue gas treated by plasma and guides it to the catalyst block one, ensuring that the flue gas can fully contact the catalyst block one for a catalytic reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a front perspective schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a rear perspective schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a sectional perspective schematic diagram of the pretreatment component of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position A in it.

[0042] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position B in it.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a sectional perspective schematic diagram of the pretreatment component of the present invention from another angle.

[0044] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position C in it.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a sectional perspective schematic diagram of the degradation reaction component of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position D in it.

[0047] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 8 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at position E in it.

[0048] In the figure: 11, bracket; 12, cyclone separator.

[0049] 2, pretreatment component; 210, air inlet structure; 211, swirling air inlet chamber; 212, spiral guide column; 220, heating structure; 221, heating cavity; 222, heater; 230, acoustic wave generating device; 240, atomization structure.

[0050] 3, degradation reaction component; 31, reaction cylinder; 32, confluence shell; 33, plasma generator; 34, first catalytic block; 35, limit column; 36, flow dividing plate; 37, electric field intensifier; 38, second catalytic block. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that the cyclone separator 12 only provides the function of separating fly ash and flue gas. The external fan provides the functions of extracting and pushing fly ash and flue gas. The acoustic wave generating device 230 provides the function of generating acoustic waves. The plasma generator 33 only provides the function of generating plasma. The electric field intensifier 37 only provides the function of generating a directional electric field. The working principle and specific structure of the above structures are all prior arts. Therefore, due to the generality of the above structures, the specific principles will not be elaborated hereinafter.

[0053] Example 1. Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the figure, a fly ash and flue gas integrated treatment device dedicated to an incinerator includes a bracket 11. A cyclone separator 12 is installed inside the bracket 11. A pretreatment assembly 2 is provided inside the bracket 11. The pretreatment assembly 2 includes an air inlet structure 210 installed on the surface of the bracket 11. The interior of the air inlet structure 210 integrates a heating structure 220, an atomization structure 240, and an acoustic wave generating device 230.

[0054] When fly ash and flue gas enter the air inlet structure 210, under the guiding action of the air inlet structure 210, the movement states of the fly ash and flue gas change, and their residence time inside the air inlet structure 210 is extended, which increases the chance of collision between molecules. At the same time, the heating structure 220 heats the fly ash and flue gas, improving the activity of the molecules, thereby promoting the agglomeration of particulate matter. The acoustic wave vibration generated by the acoustic wave generating device 230 can further promote the collision and agglomeration between molecules and can also prevent particulate matter from accumulating inside the air inlet structure 210. Finally, the atomization structure 240 sprays water mist to cool the air inlet structure 210 and the heating structure 220, so as to ensure the stable operation of the device.

[0055] It should be noted that the air inlet structure 210 includes a swirling air inlet chamber 211 fixedly connected to the surface of the bracket 11. A spiral guide column 212 is fixedly connected inside the swirling air inlet chamber 211. A swirling port is installed at the top of the swirling air inlet chamber 211. The outer edge of the swirling port is tangent to the outer edge of the swirling air inlet chamber 211. The side of the swirling port away from the swirling air inlet chamber 211 is used to connect with an external incinerator. The bottom of the swirling air inlet chamber 211 is communicated with the cyclone separator 12.

[0056] The heating structure 220 includes a heating chamber 221 and a heater 222. The heating chamber 221 is opened in the middle of the inner wall of the swirling air inlet chamber 211. The heater 222 is installed inside the heating chamber 221.

[0057] The atomization structure 240 includes a water pump, a water tank, a plurality of pipes, a plurality of atomizing nozzles, and an external temperature sensor. The water pump and the water tank are installed on the outer wall of the bracket 11. The water pump and the water tank are connected to each other. The pipes are all connected to the water pump. The atomizing nozzles are all installed at the bottom of the pipes. The atomizing nozzles and the pipes are both located inside the spiral guide column 212. The output ends of the atomizing nozzles are all inclined in accordance with the thread direction of the spiral guide column 212. The external temperature sensor is installed inside the swirl air inlet chamber 211. The external temperature sensor is electrically connected to the water pump. An external fan is installed between the swirl port and the external incinerator. Both the swirl air inlet chamber 211 and the spiral guide column 212 gradually contract toward the side close to the bottom of the bracket 11. The acoustic wave generating device 230 is made of heat-resistant material, specifically tungsten metal. The acoustic wave generating device 230 is of probe type. A ash hopper is arranged below the cyclone separator 12. The heater 222 is an electric heating wire.

[0058] Specifically, after starting the external fan, the heater 222, and the acoustic wave generating device 230, the external fan starts to work. With its strong suction ability, it quickly sucks the fly ash and flue gas generated in the incinerator into the swirl air inlet chamber 211.

[0059] Since the outer edge of the swirl port is tangent to the outer edge of the swirl air inlet chamber 211, the fly ash and flue gas enter the swirl air inlet chamber 211 in a tangential direction. This unique air inlet method makes the fly ash and flue gas form a strong swirling motion in the chamber, quickly dispersing in the entire space of the swirl air inlet chamber 211, avoiding local aggregation. And the external fan continuously extracts the flue gas and fly ash from the incinerator. The fly ash and flue gas entering the swirl air inlet chamber 211 are forced to continuously discharge downward under the push of the subsequent air flow.

[0060] During this process, the fly ash and flue gas will move along the trajectory of the spiral guide column 212. The spiral guide column 212 guides the fly ash and flue gas to make a spiral motion, significantly extending their residence time in the swirl air inlet chamber 211. During the long residence process, the collision frequency between the fly ash and flue gas increases significantly, intensifying the friction between them, creating favorable conditions for subsequent agglomeration.

[0061] At the same time, the heater 222 in the heating chamber 221, that is, the electric heating wire starts to work, heating the fly ash and flue gas. Under the action of heat energy, the molecular thermal motion in the fly ash and flue gas intensifies, and the intermolecular interaction force changes, making it easier for them to agglomerate into large particle substances. Since the heater 222 is arranged in the middle of the spiral guide column 212, this makes an obvious temperature transition region formed on both the upper and lower sides of the heater 222. As the temperature rises, the viscosity of the fly ash and flue gas gradually decreases, which is conducive to the mutual collision and agglomeration of particles, avoiding the influence of particle adhesion due to too high viscosity on the agglomeration effect.

[0062] Since both the swirling air inlet chamber 211 and the spiral guide column 212 contract downward, according to the principle of fluid mechanics, when the flow rate remains unchanged, the reduction of the cross-sectional area will lead to an increase in the flow velocity. The high-speed flowing fly ash and flue gas are guided by the threads of the spiral guide column 212 and flow along a specific path, avoiding disorderly accumulation. The dual effects of the increased flow velocity and the thread guidance effectively prevent the fly ash and flue gas from blocking inside the swirling air inlet chamber 211, ensuring the smoothness of the entire treatment process.

[0063] When the fly ash and flue gas pass through the heater 222, the sound waves generated by the sound wave generating device 230 scour the fly ash and flue gas. The vibration effect of the sound waves increases the kinetic energy of the molecules in the fly ash and flue gas, making the collisions between molecules more intense, further promoting the agglomeration of small particles. At the same time, the energy of the sound waves can generate an impact force on the particles that have adhered to the inner wall of the swirling air inlet chamber 211 or may accumulate, making it difficult for them to accumulate, thus preventing the occurrence of blockage.

[0064] Finally, the fly ash and flue gas reach the bottom of the swirling air inlet chamber 211. Since the swirling air inlet chamber 211 and the cyclone separator 12 are interconnected, they smoothly enter the interior of the cyclone separator 12.

[0065] During the process of entering the cyclone separator 12, as the large-particle substances gradually move away from the heater 222, the temperature gradually decreases. The decrease in temperature slows down the thermal motion of the agglomerated particles, and the gravitational force between molecules increases, thereby promoting particle solidification and effectively preventing them from being redispersed during the process of entering the cyclone separator 12. Inside the cyclone separator 12, by using the action of centrifugal force, the fly ash and flue gas are successfully separated. The fly ash falls into the ash hopper below the cyclone separator 12 by its own gravity, while the flue gas enters the degradation reaction component 3 through the upper part of the cyclone separator 12 for purification treatment.

[0066] It should be noted that when the temperature inside the swirling air inlet chamber 211 reaches a certain threshold, the external temperature sensor electrically controls the water pump to start. The water pump pressurizes the water in the water tank and transports it through a pipeline to the atomizing nozzle located inside the spiral guide column 212. The water mist ejected by the atomizing nozzle quickly diffuses inside the swirling air inlet chamber 211. The water mist can absorb a large amount of heat, effectively reducing the temperature inside the swirling air inlet chamber 211, preventing the internal parts from being damaged due to overheating, and extending the service life of the equipment. At the same time, the water molecules in the water mist can adsorb the small particles in the fly ash and flue gas, promoting their agglomeration, and the wet particles are not easily attached to the inner wall of the equipment, further preventing the occurrence of blockage, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the entire fly ash and flue gas integrated treatment equipment. And because the output end of the atomizing nozzle conforms to the thread direction of the spiral guide column 212, to a certain extent, it can also prevent the fly ash and flue gas from blocking the atomizing nozzle.

[0067] Example 2, on the basis of Example 1, please refer toFigure 1 and Figure 2 as well as Figures 8 to 10 As shown, a degradation reaction assembly 3 is provided below the cyclone separator 12. The degradation reaction assembly 3 includes a reaction cylinder 31 fixedly connected to the inner surface of the bracket 11. The reaction cylinder 31 communicates with the top of the cyclone separator 12. A plasma generator 33 is installed inside the reaction cylinder 31. A flow channel is formed in the middle of the plasma generator 33. Both electrodes of the plasma generator 33 are arranged on both sides of the flow channel. A first catalyst block 34 is installed inside the reaction cylinder 31 and below the plasma generator 33. An electric field intensifier 37 is installed inside the reaction cylinder 31 and below the first catalyst block 34. Both electrodes of the electric field intensifier 37 are arranged on both sides close to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 31. A limiting column 35 is provided below the first catalyst block 34. Flow dividing plates 36 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the limiting column 35 at equal intervals in a circular arrangement. One side of the flow dividing plate 36 away from the limiting column 35 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 31. A second catalyst block 38 is arranged on the outer surface of the limiting column 35. A buckle is clamped below the limiting column 35 for carrying the second catalyst block 38. Both the first catalyst block 34 and the second catalyst block 38 are made of catalytically active materials.

[0068] It should be noted that the first catalyst block 34 is made of titanium dioxide and is honeycomb-shaped. The second catalyst block 38 is made of activated carbon fiber. The shapes of the two electrodes of the electric field intensifier 37 are adapted to the shape of the second catalyst block 38. The electrodes of the plasma generator 33 are filament electrodes. Converging shells 32 are installed on both the upper and lower sides of the plasma generator 33. The shape of the converging shell 32 located above is adapted to the shape of the top of the reaction cylinder 31 and the flow channel. The shape of the converging shell 32 located below is adapted to the shape of the flow channel and the first catalyst block 34. The electric field intensifier 37 provides a directional electric field of 1 - 5 kV / cm. The two electrodes of the electric field intensifier 37 are located at its top, and the high-voltage power supply of the electric field intensifier 37 is arranged below it. The high-voltage power supply and the electrodes are connected by a cable.

[0069] Specifically, after the fly ash and flue gas are separated in the first embodiment, the separated flue gas enters the interior of the reaction cylinder 31 of the degradation reaction assembly 3 through the upper part of the cyclone separator 12. Under the continuous and stable pushing action of an external fan, the flue gas flows downward along the axial direction of the reaction cylinder 31. At this time, the plasma generator 33 and the electric field intensifier 37 are started to provide key energy and environmental conditions for the purification treatment of the flue gas.

[0070] The flue gas first passes through the confluence shells 32 on the upper and lower sides of the plasma generator 33. The upper confluence shell 32, with its shape adapted to the top of the reaction cylinder 31 and the flow channel, precisely converges and guides the flue gas entering the reaction cylinder 31 to the flow channel near the plasma generator 33. When the plasma generator 33 operates, a strong electric field is generated between the filament electrodes. Under the action of this strong electric field, the gas medium near the electrodes is ionized, and a large number of high-energy electrons are generated during this process.

[0071] These high-energy electrons are extremely active. They quickly collide violently with molecules such as oxygen and water vapor in the flue gas. During the collision process, the outer electrons of the molecules are excited or stripped, thus generating strongly oxidizing substances such as ozone and hydroxyl radicals. These strongly oxidizing substances can quickly undergo chemical reactions with the pollutants in the flue gas, preliminarily oxidize and decompose the pollutants, break the molecular structure of complex organic pollutants, and convert them into relatively simple small-molecule substances, preliminarily reducing the pollutant content in the flue gas.

[0072] The flue gas that has undergone preliminary oxidation and decomposition continues to flow downward. At this time, under the continuous action of the high-energy electrons generated by the plasma generator 33, the lower catalytic block 1 34 is activated. Under normal circumstances, the photocatalytic reaction of titanium dioxide requires ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength for excitation. However, under the excitation of the high-energy electrons generated by the plasma, even in the visible light band, titanium dioxide can generate electron-hole pairs. The holes have strong oxidation ability and can oxidize and decompose the organic pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the catalytic block 1 34 into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water, while the electrons quickly react with oxygen to generate superoxide radicals. The superoxide radicals also have strong oxidation ability and further participate in the degradation process of pollutants, greatly reducing the pollutant content in the flue gas.

[0073] Subsequently, during the process of the preliminarily purified flue gas continuing to flow downward, it encounters the flow distribution plates 36 arranged in an annular and equally spaced manner on the outer surface of the limit posts 35. The flow distribution plates 36 evenly disperse the flue gas, enabling the flue gas to fully enter the area between the electrodes of the electric field intensifier 37 and the catalytic block 2 38.

[0074] The electric field intensifier 37 generates a directional electric field. Under the action of this directional electric field, the charged particles and pollutant molecules in the flue gas are driven by the electric field force and accelerate towards the catalytic block 2 38. Since the catalytic block 2 38 is made of activated carbon fiber material, it has an extremely high specific surface area and good adsorption performance.

[0075] Under the action of the electric field force, pollutant molecules are more easily adsorbed onto the surface of the activated carbon fiber. At the same time, the directional electric field generated by the electric field intensifier 37 can promote the further separation of electron-hole pairs on the surface of the photocatalyst, enhancing the activity of the catalytic reaction.

[0076] Under the combined action of the active carbon fiber surface and the electric field, the adsorbed pollutant molecules undergo further oxidation decomposition and adsorption removal reactions. The functional groups on the surface of the active carbon fiber react chemically with the pollutant molecules to convert them into harmless substances, and the presence of the electric field accelerates the reaction and improves the reaction efficiency. Through the synergistic action of the electric field intensifier 37 and the catalytic block two 38, the flue gas is purified for the second time, the pollutant content is further reduced, and finally the purification emission standard is achieved, realizing the efficient purification treatment of the flue gas generated by the incinerator. The whole process is closely connected, and each component works together to give full play to the purification efficiency of the degradation reaction component 3.

[0077] It should be noted that the catalytic block two 38 can be replaced with a new one by removing the buckle under the limit post 35.

[0078] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0079] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device specifically for incinerators, comprising a bracket (11), wherein a cyclone separator (12) is installed inside the bracket (11), and it is characterized in that, Inside the bracket (11), a pretreatment component (2) is provided. The pretreatment component (2) includes an air intake structure (210) installed on the surface of the bracket (11). Inside the air intake structure (210), a heating structure (220), an atomization structure (240), and a sound wave generating device (230) are integrated respectively. When fly ash and flue gas enter the air intake structure (210), under the guiding action of the air intake structure (210), the movement states of the fly ash and flue gas change, and their residence time inside the air intake structure (210) is prolonged, which increases the chance of intermolecular collisions. At the same time, the heating structure (220) heats the fly ash and flue gas, improving the activity of the molecules, thereby promoting the agglomeration of particulate matter. The sound wave vibration generated by the sound wave generating device (230) can further promote intermolecular collisions and agglomeration, and can also prevent particulate matter from accumulating inside the air intake structure (210). Finally, the atomization structure (240) sprays water mist to cool the air intake structure (210) and the heating structure (220), so as to ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

2. The integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment dedicated to an incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake structure (210) includes a swirl air intake chamber (211) fixedly connected to the surface of the bracket (11). Inside the swirl air intake chamber (211), a spiral guide column (212) is fixedly connected. At the top of the swirl air intake chamber (211), a swirl port is installed. The outer edge of the swirl port is tangent to the outer edge of the swirl air intake chamber (211). The side of the swirl port away from the swirl air intake chamber (211) is used to be connected to an external incinerator. The bottom of the swirl air intake chamber (211) is communicated with a cyclone separator (12). The heating structure (220) includes a heating chamber (221) and a heater (222). The heating chamber (221) is opened in the middle of the inner wall of the swirl air intake chamber (211), and the heater (222) is installed inside the heating chamber (221).

3. An integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device specifically for an incinerator, characterized in that: The atomization structure (240) includes a water pump, a water tank, several pipes, several atomizing nozzles, and an external temperature sensor. The water pump and the water tank are installed on the outer wall of the bracket (11). The water pump and the water tank are connected to each other. The pipes are all connected to the water pump. The atomizing nozzles are all installed at the bottom of the pipes. The atomizing nozzles and the pipes are both located inside the spiral guide column (212). The output ends of the atomizing nozzles are inclined along the thread direction of the spiral guide column (212). The external temperature sensor is installed inside the swirl air intake chamber (211), and the external temperature sensor is electrically connected to the water pump.

4. The integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment dedicated to an incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: An external blower is installed between the swirl port and the external incinerator.

5. The integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment dedicated to an incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the swirl air intake chamber (211) and the spiral guide column (212) gradually contract towards the side close to the bottom of the bracket (11).

6. The integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment dedicated to an incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: The sound wave generating device (230) is made of heat-resistant material.

7. An integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device dedicated to an incinerator, characterized in that: The sound wave generating device (230) is in the form of a probe.

8. An integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device dedicated to an incinerator, characterized in that: A degradation reaction assembly (3) is arranged below the cyclone separator (12). The degradation reaction assembly (3) includes a reaction cylinder (31) fixedly connected to the inner surface of a bracket (11). The reaction cylinder (31) communicates with the top of the cyclone separator (12). A plasma generator (33) is installed inside the reaction cylinder (31). A flow channel is formed in the middle of the plasma generator (33). Both electrodes of the plasma generator (33) are arranged on both sides of the flow channel. A first catalytic block (34) is installed inside the reaction cylinder (31) and below the plasma generator (33). An electric field intensifier (37) is installed inside the reaction cylinder (31) and below the first catalytic block (34). Both electrodes of the electric field intensifier (37) are arranged on both sides close to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder (31). A limiting column (35) is arranged below the first catalytic block (34). Flow dividing plates (36) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the limiting column (35) at equal intervals in a circular arrangement. One side of each flow dividing plate (36) away from the limiting column (35) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder (31). A second catalytic block (38) is arranged on the outer surface of the limiting column (35). A buckle is clamped below the limiting column (35), and the buckle is used to carry the second catalytic block (38). Both the first catalytic block (34) and the second catalytic block (38) are made of catalytically active materials.

9. The integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment dedicated to an incinerator according to claim 8, wherein: The first catalytic block (34) is made of titanium dioxide and is honeycomb-shaped. The second catalytic block (38) is made of activated carbon fiber. The shapes of both electrodes of the electric field intensifier (37) are adapted to the shape of the second catalytic block (38). The electrodes of the plasma generator (33) are filament electrodes.

10. An integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device dedicated to an incinerator, characterized in that: Converging shells (32) are installed on both the upper and lower sides of the plasma generator (33). The shape of the converging shell (32) located above is adapted to the shape of the top of the reaction cylinder (31) and the flow channel. The shape of the converging shell (32) located below is adapted to the shape of the flow channel and the first catalytic block (34).

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