Coaxial additive machining device and method for laser additive and subtractive equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a coaxial additive machining device for laser additive and subtractive equipment, which comprises a cutter handle, a collimation module, a light splitting and focusing module, a reflection module, a protective glass module, an adjusting module, a coaxial nozzle and a monitoring module, and is characterized in that the collimation module is used for collimating laser beams into parallel beams, the light splitting and focusing module is used for focusing the collimated parallel beams, and the reflection module is used for reflecting the collimated parallel beams; the reflecting module changes the path of the focused light beam, the adjusting module can adjust the defocusing amount of laser processing, the coaxial nozzle enables the laser beam and the printing powder to be mutually converged and form a processing molten pool, and the reflecting module can reflect light generated by the molten pool to the monitoring module. The invention further discloses a coaxial additive machining method for the laser additive and subtractive equipment. By means of the mode, the main shaft of the machine tool machining center can be connected with material adding equipment or material reducing equipment, product size miniaturization is facilitated, meanwhile, the monitoring module is arranged, a molten pool can be monitored, and the machining condition in the machine tool machining center can be known conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser processing additive manufacturing, and particularly to a coaxial additive manufacturing device and a processing method for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment. Background Art

[0002] In the field of machine tool processing, products are generally preformed and then cut by a cutting tool attached to the machine tool. The additive and subtractive machine tool processing center equipment combines the processes of laser powder feeding and milling and cutting, which can meet the requirements of high-efficiency product forming and high-precision product cutting, and can give full play to the advantages of the two processing technologies.

[0003] At present, in order to achieve better processing effects, additive and subtractive processing equipment is often combined. However, the common additive manufacturing devices on the market are relatively large in size and not suitable for the loading and unloading of tool holders in a machine tool processing center. Usually, the additive manufacturing device is placed beside the spindle of the machine tool processing center, which increases the difficulty of processing and positioning in the machine tool processing center. Moreover, since the additive manufacturing device is placed around the spindle of the machine tool processing center, the forming range of the product is greatly reduced. In addition, the existing additive manufacturing devices are not equipped with a real-time monitoring function, and it is impossible to confirm whether the working state of product forming is stable during the laser processing. In particular, the additive manufacturing device in the machine tool processing center cannot monitor the state of product forming. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an additive and subtractive processing device that can meet the coaxial installation of cutting tools or additive manufacturing heads in a machine tool processing center. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a coaxial additive manufacturing device and a processing method for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment, which can solve the above technical problems.

[0006] (2) Technical Solutions

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive device, characterized by comprising: a tool shank for connecting with a tool chuck of a machine tool machining center; a collimation module, one end of which is used to connect with a laser to receive the laser beam emitted by the laser, and collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser into a parallel beam; a beam splitting and focusing module, one end of which is arranged at the other end of the collimation module away from the laser, used to receive the parallel beam emitted by the collimation module, and focus the parallel beam; a reflection module, one end of which is arranged at the other end of the beam splitting and focusing module away from the collimation module, used to change the path of the light emitted from the beam splitting and focusing module, wherein the top end of the reflection module is arranged at the bottom end of the tool shank; a protective mirror module arranged below the reflection module, used to protect the light emitted from the reflection module; an adjustment module arranged below the protective mirror module, used to realize the adjustment of the machining defocus amount; a coaxial nozzle arranged below the adjustment module, used to output printing powder, wherein the beam emitted from the protective mirror module converges into a high-energy light spot directly below the coaxial nozzle and interacts with the converged printing powder to form a molten pool; a monitoring module arranged above the beam splitting and focusing module; wherein, the reflection module is further used to reflect the light generated by the molten pool to the beam splitting and focusing module, and the beam splitting and focusing module is further used to reflect the image within a specified wavelength range into the monitoring module, so as to monitor the machining molten pool through the monitoring module;

[0008] Preferably, the collimation module includes a collimating mirror, the beam splitting and focusing module includes a beam splitter and a focusing mirror directly below the monitoring module, the reflection module includes a reflecting mirror, the protective mirror module includes a protective mirror, the beam splitter is between the collimating mirror and the focusing mirror, the focusing mirror is arranged between the reflecting mirror and the beam splitter, the collimating mirror, the beam splitter, the focusing mirror and the reflecting mirror are arranged in a straight line, the beam splitter is horizontally inclined, the reflecting mirror is horizontally inclined, the protective mirror is below the reflecting mirror, wherein the optical path of the coaxial additive manufacturing device is divided into a machining optical path and a molten pool monitoring optical path. The machining optical path is formed by the collimating mirror collimating the laser beam emitted by the laser into a parallel light and transmitting it through the beam splitter to the focusing mirror, then changing the path through the reflecting mirror and transmitting through the protective mirror to converge into a high-energy light spot directly below the coaxial nozzle. The high-energy light spot interacts with the converged printing powder to form a molten pool. The molten pool monitoring optical path is formed by the light generated by the molten pool being reflected by the reflecting mirror to the focusing mirror and then the beam splitter reflecting the image within a specified wavelength range vertically upward into the monitoring module.

[0009] Preferably, the protective mirror module is provided with a first through hole below the reflecting mirror. The top end of the first through hole is provided with the protective mirror. Inside the protective mirror module, there is a first annular hole outside the first through hole and a plurality of air outlet holes that communicate with the first annular hole and are below the protective mirror. The protective mirror module is further provided with a first air inlet pipe communicating with the first annular hole. The protective mirror module is further provided with a second annular hole outside the first through hole, a first water inlet pipe communicating with the second annular hole, and a first water outlet pipe communicating with the second annular hole, wherein the second annular hole is not communicated with the first annular hole.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustment module includes: a centering base provided below the protective mirror module. The centering base is provided with a first receiving groove corresponding to the first through hole and a second through hole inside the first receiving groove. The side wall of the first receiving groove is provided with a plurality of first adjustment holes; an adjustment block provided in the second through hole. The adjustment block is provided with a third through hole corresponding to the first through hole. The top end of the adjustment block extends and is provided with an adjustment boss clamped in the first receiving groove. The outer wall of the bottom end of the adjustment block is provided with a plurality of second adjustment holes. The inner wall of the bottom end of the adjustment block is provided with a limiting block. The limiting block and the second adjustment holes are on the same vertical line, and the limiting block is below the second adjustment holes; a focusing block provided in the third through hole. The focusing block is provided with a fourth through hole corresponding to the third through hole. The outer wall of the focusing block is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves corresponding to the second adjustment holes in the vertical direction. The limiting block is slidably arranged in the sliding grooves. The bottom end of the focusing block is provided with a mounting hole.

[0011] Preferably, the coaxial nozzle includes: an inner nozzle, the top end of which is provided with a mounting groove detachably connected to the mounting hole. Inside the inner nozzle, there is a fifth through hole corresponding to the fourth through hole; an adapter provided with a sixth through hole, wherein the inner nozzle passes through and is threadedly connected in the sixth through hole; a cooling member provided with a seventh through hole, wherein the inner nozzle and the adapter pass through the seventh through hole, and the adapter is threadedly connected to the cooling member; an outer nozzle, the top end of which is threadedly connected in the seventh through hole. The outer nozzle is provided with an eighth through hole. The inner nozzle is inside the eighth through hole. A powder outlet channel for outputting printing powder is formed between the inner wall of the outer nozzle and the outer wall of the inner nozzle; wherein, a powder outlet pipeline communicating with the powder outlet channel is provided in the cooling member.

[0012] Preferably, a receiving cavity surrounding the seventh through hole is provided in the cooling member. An inlet water pipe communicating with the receiving cavity and an outlet water pipe communicating with the receiving cavity are provided on the side wall of the cooling member. The number of the powder outlet pipelines is multiple, and one end of each powder outlet pipeline is exposed outside the side wall of the cooling member, and the other end of each powder outlet pipeline passes through the receiving cavity and communicates with the seventh through hole.

[0013] Preferably, the coaxial additive manufacturing device further includes a gas path channel and a water path channel. The gas path channel includes a protective gas pipe body with one end for communicating with a gas station, and the other end of the protective gas pipe body is connected to the first inlet gas pipe. The water path channel includes a first cooling pipe in the collimation module, a second cooling pipe communicating with the first cooling pipe and in the beam splitting and focusing module, a third cooling pipe communicating with the second cooling pipe and in the reflection module, a fourth cooling pipe communicating with the third cooling pipe, a fifth cooling pipe, and a sixth cooling pipe. One end of the fourth cooling pipe communicates with the first inlet water pipe, one end of the fifth cooling pipe communicates with the first outlet water pipe, the other end of the fifth cooling pipe communicates with the inlet water pipe, one end of the sixth cooling pipe communicates with the outlet water pipe, the other end of the sixth cooling pipe is for communicating with the water return port of a chiller, and one end of the first cooling pipe communicates with the water outlet of the chiller.

[0014] Preferably, the coaxial additive manufacturing device is detachably arranged in a protection box, and the protection box is liftably arranged on the top wall of the processing space of a machine tool processing center. A rectangular lifting opening is provided on the top wall of the processing space. The protection box includes a protection box body liftably arranged in the lifting opening and a protection cover. A receiving inner cavity for receiving the coaxial additive manufacturing device is provided on the side surface of the protection box body. The protection cover is used for covering the receiving inner cavity, and the protection cover is fixedly arranged along the vertical direction at the edge of the lifting opening. The side of the protection box body can slide along the edge of the protection cover. A driving mechanism for driving the coaxial additive manufacturing device to extend and retract in the processing space is provided in the receiving inner cavity. When the protection box body rises to the top of the processing space, the protection cover hermetically covers the receiving inner cavity.

[0015] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides another technical solution: a coaxial additive manufacturing method for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing device, characterized by including: when it is determined that the coaxial additive manufacturing device starts to work, printing powder is output through the coaxial nozzle at the bottom wall of the processing space, and a high-energy light spot is formed by converging the laser beam emitted by the laser and acts on the printing powder to form a molten pool; the light generated by the molten pool is reflected to the beam splitting and focusing module by the reflection module, and the image within a specified wavelength range is reflected into the monitoring module by the beam splitting and focusing module; after the monitoring module receives the image within the specified wavelength range, it performs analysis and obtains an analysis result to achieve monitoring of the processing molten pool.

[0016] Preferably, the method further includes: when it is determined that additive manufacturing operations need to be performed within the processing space, controlling the protection box body to descend so that the protection cover disengages from the protection box body, exposing the coaxial additive manufacturing device within the receiving cavity of the protection box body in the processing space, and pushing the coaxial additive manufacturing device within the receiving cavity to below the tool chuck in the processing space through the driving mechanism to perform additive manufacturing operations through the coaxial additive manufacturing device installed in the tool chuck; when it is determined that subtractive manufacturing operations need to be performed within the processing space, removing the coaxial additive manufacturing device from the tool chuck and setting it in the driving mechanism, and using the driving mechanism to retract the coaxial additive manufacturing device into the receiving cavity of the protection box body, and controlling the protection box body to rise so that when the protection box body rises to the top wall of the machine tool processing center, the receiving cavity is sealed by the protection cover, and finally installing a cutting tool in the tool chuck to perform subtractive manufacturing operations using the cutting tool.

[0017] (III) Beneficial effects

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a coaxial additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing device, having the following beneficial effects: the present invention can arrange the additive manufacturing device in a coaxial manner within the processing space, enabling the main shaft of the machine tool to be connected to the additive manufacturing device or the subtractive manufacturing device, which is beneficial for reducing the volume of the product. At the same time, the additive manufacturing device is also equipped with a monitoring module, which can monitor the molten pool, facilitating the understanding of the processing conditions within the machine tool processing center, enabling the product to be monitored during the forming process, so as to facilitate intervention or adjustment of the product; in addition, the present invention also houses the coaxial additive manufacturing device in the protection box when it is idle, so as not to affect the processing of products in the machine tool processing space, and when needed, the coaxial additive manufacturing device can be pushed to the main shaft of the machine tool processing space through the driving mechanism inside the protection box for installation or replacement of cutting tools, making the utilization rate of the machine tool processing space higher. Description of the drawings

[0019] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the coaxial additive manufacturing device for the laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the processing optical path of the coaxial additive manufacturing device in

[0021] Figure 3 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the molten pool monitoring optical path of the coaxial additive manufacturing device in

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the first partial structure of the coaxial additive manufacturing device in

[0023] Figure 5 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the protective mirror module of the coaxial additive manufacturing device in

[0024] Figure 6 is Figure 5 Gas path cross-sectional view of the protective mirror module;

[0025] Figure 7 is Figure 5 Water path cross-sectional view of the protective mirror module;

[0026] Figure 8 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the centering base in the adjustment module in

[0027] Figure 9 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment block in the adjustment module in

[0028] Figure 10 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the focusing block in the adjustment module in

[0029] Figure 11 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial nozzle of the coaxial additive manufacturing device in

[0030] Figure 12 is Figure 11 Vertical sectional structure diagram of the coaxial nozzle;

[0031] Figure 13 is Figure 11 First partial structure diagram of the coaxial nozzle in

[0032] Figure 14 is Figure 13 Horizontal sectional structure diagram of the coaxial nozzle in

[0033] Figure 15 is Figure 11Schematic diagram of the second partial structure of the coaxial nozzle;

[0034] Figure 16 is Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the third partial structure of the coaxial nozzle;

[0035] Figure 17 is Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the adapter of the coaxial nozzle;

[0036] Figure 18 is Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the outer nozzle of the coaxial nozzle;

[0037] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the structure of the machine tool machining center of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 20 is Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the structure of the protection box inside the machine tool machining center;

[0039] Figure 21 is Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the first partial structure of the machine tool machining center;

[0040] Figure 22 is Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the second partial structure of the machine tool machining center;

[0041] Figure 23 is Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the third partial structure of the machine tool machining center;

[0042] Figure 24 is Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the drive mechanism of the protection box of the machine tool machining center;

[0043] Figure 25 Schematic flow chart of the coaxial additive manufacturing method for the laser additive and subtractive equipment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] As Figure 1-24As shown in the figure, the present invention discloses a coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment, which includes a tool shank 1, a collimation module 2, a beam splitting and focusing module 3, a reflection module 4, a protective mirror module 5, an adjustment module 6, a coaxial nozzle 7 and a monitoring module 8.

[0046] The tool shank 1 is used to connect with the tool holder of the machine tool machining center 9. It should be understood that the tool holder of the machine tool machining center 9 is detachably equipped with a cutting tool. Similarly, by installing the tool shank 1 on the tool holder, 3D printing can be carried out inside the machine tool machining center 9 through the additive manufacturing device. After the product is formed, the additive manufacturing device on the spindle (i.e., the tool holder) of the machine tool machining center 9 can be disassembled and replaced with a cutting tool to perform fine subtraction on the formed product.

[0047] One end of the collimation module 2 is used to connect with the laser to receive the laser beam emitted by the laser, and collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser into a parallel beam.

[0048] One end of the beam splitting and focusing module 3 is arranged at the other end of the collimation module 2 far from the laser, and is used to receive the parallel beam emitted by the collimation module 2 and focus the parallel beam.

[0049] One end of the reflection module 4 is arranged at the other end of the beam splitting and focusing module 3 far from the collimation module 2, and is used to change the path of the light ray emitted from the beam splitting and focusing module 3.

[0050] Preferably, the top end of the reflection module 4 is arranged at the bottom end of the tool shank 1.

[0051] The protective mirror module 5 is arranged below the reflection module 4 and is used to protect the light ray emitted from the reflection module 4. It should be understood that the protective mirror module 5 can prevent the beam reflected by the reflection module 4 from being affected by external reflected and scattered light and light pollution, etc., to achieve the protection effect, and can also isolate external dust, pollutants or other impurities from entering the inside of the additive manufacturing device, thereby protecting the device from damage.

[0052] The adjustment module 6 is arranged below the protective mirror module 5 and is used to realize the adjustment of the machining defocus amount. It should be understood that the beam focus when the beam is projected can melt the material. When the focus is too small, the energy of the beam will be too concentrated, which is likely to cause material evaporation and splashing, etc. The adjustment module 6 can be adjusted to select an appropriate defocus amount according to the characteristics of the product, so as to change the position of the beam focus.

[0053] The coaxial nozzle 7 is arranged below the adjustment module 6 and is used to output printing powder. The beam emitted from the protective mirror module 5 converges into a high-energy light spot directly below the coaxial nozzle 7 and interacts with the converged printing powder to form a molten pool. It should be understood that the beam emitted from the protective mirror module 5 also passes through the coaxial nozzle 7 and converges below the coaxial nozzle 7.

[0054] The monitoring module 8 is arranged above the beam splitting and focusing module 3.

[0055] In this embodiment, the reflection module 4 is further configured to reflect the light generated by the molten pool to the beam splitting and focusing module 3, and the beam splitting and focusing module 3 is further configured to reflect the image within a specified wavelength range into the monitoring module, so that the processing molten pool can be monitored by the monitoring module 8. It should be understood that after the light generated by the molten pool is reflected by the reflection module 4 to the beam splitting and focusing module 3, the beam splitting and focusing module 3 will reflect the image within the specified wavelength range upward into the monitoring module 8, while the images of other wavelength ranges will not be reflected upward (i.e., the images of other wavelengths are horizontally penetrated, etc.), enabling the monitoring module 8 to monitor through these images within the specified wavelength range. That is to say, the beam splitting and focusing module 3 of the present application is specially arranged, rather than the traditional effect of only allowing light to pass through.

[0056] In this embodiment, the collimating module 2 includes a collimating mirror 21, the beam splitting and focusing module 3 includes a beam splitter 31 and a focusing mirror 32 located directly below the monitoring module 8, the reflection module 4 includes a reflecting mirror 41, the protective mirror module 5 includes a protective mirror 51, the beam splitter 31 is located between the collimating mirror 21 and the focusing mirror 32, the focusing mirror 32 is arranged between the reflecting mirror 41 and the beam splitter 31, the collimating mirror 21, the beam splitter 31, the focusing mirror 32 and the reflecting mirror 41 are arranged in a straight line, the beam splitter 31 is horizontally inclined, the reflecting mirror 41 is horizontally inclined, and the protective mirror 51 is located below the reflecting mirror.

[0057] Preferably, the optical path of the coaxial additive manufacturing device is divided into a processing optical path and a molten pool monitoring optical path. The processing optical path is formed by collimating the laser beam emitted by the laser by the collimating mirror 21 into a parallel light, transmitting it through the beam splitter 31 to the focusing mirror 32, changing the path by the reflecting mirror 41 and passing through the protective mirror 51 to converge into a high-energy light spot directly below the coaxial nozzle 7. The high-energy light spot interacts with the converged printing powder to form a molten pool. The molten pool monitoring optical path is formed by the light generated by the molten pool being reflected by the reflecting mirror 41 to the focusing mirror 32 and then the beam splitter 31 reflecting the image within the specified wavelength range vertically upward into the monitoring module. It should be understood that after the beam emitted by the laser is collimated into a parallel beam by the collimating mirror 21, the beam splitter 31 will not act on the parallel beam at this time (the parallel beam will horizontally pass through the beam splitter 31 and be projected onto the focusing mirror 32), and when the molten pool phenomenon occurs, the light of the molten pool will be reflected by the reflecting mirror 41 to the beam splitter 31, and then the beam splitter 31 will reflect the image within the specified wavelength range upward into the monitoring module 8 again.

[0058] Further, in some embodiments, the beam splitter 31 is detachably arranged in the beam splitting and focusing module 3, so that beam splitters 31 of different models can be replaced as needed, and images within different wavelength ranges can be emitted to the monitoring module 8 for monitoring as needed, so as to achieve multi-faceted monitoring. Specifically, the beam splitting and focusing module 3 is rectangular, and a beam splitter inner cavity is arranged in the beam splitting and focusing module 3. A receiving clip groove communicating with the beam splitter inner cavity is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the beam splitting and focusing module 3, and the beam splitter 31 can be inserted and removed in the receiving clip groove, so that the replacement can be realized only by inserting and removing the beam splitter 31 in the receiving clip groove.

[0059] Alternatively, in some special embodiments, receiving clip grooves are symmetrically arranged on both side surfaces of the beam splitting and focusing module 3, and a long sliding plate is slidably arranged in the receiving clip groove. Different models of beam splitters 31 are arranged at intervals in the middle of the sliding plate, so that the sliding plate in the receiving clip groove can be slid (such as manually pulled) as needed to replace beam splitters of different models in the beam splitter inner cavity, and the beam splitter can be quickly replaced without disassembly, so as to emit images within different wavelength ranges to the monitoring module 8 for monitoring.

[0060] In this embodiment, the protective mirror module 5 is provided with a first through hole 52 below the reflecting mirror 41. A protective mirror 51 is arranged at the top of the first through hole 52. A first annular hole 53 outside the first through hole 52 and a plurality of air outlet holes 54 communicating with the first annular hole 53 and below the protective mirror 51 are arranged in the protective mirror module 5. The protective mirror module 5 is further provided with a first air inlet pipe 531 communicating with the first annular hole 53. It should be understood that the protective mirror 51 can block dust and other sundries outside the protective mirror 51, and the first air inlet pipe 531 will input air flow into the first annular hole 53, so that the air flow in the first annular hole 53 can wash the outside of the protective mirror 51 through the plurality of air outlet holes 54, so that dust and other sundries will not adhere to the protective mirror 51, so as to prevent the propagation of the light beam from being blocked.

[0061] Further, the protective mirror module 5 is further provided with a second annular hole 55 outside the first through hole 52, a first water inlet pipe 56 communicating with the second annular hole 55, and a first water outlet pipe 57 communicating with the second annular hole 55, wherein the second annular hole 55 is not communicated with the first annular hole 53. It should be understood that since the laser additive manufacturing equipment has a high temperature during operation, cold water can be input into the second annular hole 55 through the first water inlet pipe 57. After the cold water exchanges heat through the second annular hole 55, it flows out from the first water outlet pipe 57 to take away heat, so as to continuously cool the protective mirror module 5.

[0062] In this embodiment, the adjustment module 6 includes a centering base 61, an adjustment block 62 and a focusing block 63.

[0063] The centering base 61 is arranged below the protective mirror module 5 , wherein the centering base 61 is provided with a first receiving groove 611 corresponding to the first through hole 52 and a second through hole 612 in the first receiving groove 611 , and a side wall of the first receiving groove 611 is provided with a plurality of first adjustment holes 613 .

[0064] The adjusting block 62 is arranged in the second through hole 612, wherein the adjusting block 62 is provided with a third through hole 621 corresponding to the first through hole 52, the top end of the adjusting block 62 is extended with an adjusting boss 622 which is clamped in the first receiving groove 611, and the bottom outer wall of the adjusting block 62 is provided with a plurality of second adjusting holes 623, and the bottom inner wall of the adjusting block 62 is provided with a limit block 624, the limit block 624 and the second adjusting hole 623 are in the same vertical line, and the limit block 624 is below the second adjusting hole 623.

[0065] It can be understood that a first screw is installed in the first adjustment hole 613, and the side wall of the adjustment boss 622 of the adjustment block 62 is pressed against the first adjustment hole 613 where the first screw is installed. By pressing the first screw installed in the first adjustment hole 613 against the side of the adjustment boss 622, the adjustment boss 622 can be fine-tuned in a small range. The coaxial nozzle 7 is arranged below the adjustment module 6. When the adjustment boss 622 is adjusted by the first screw, the product molding position can also be adjusted in a small range.

[0066] The focusing block 63 is arranged in the third through hole 621, wherein the focusing block 63 is provided with a fourth through hole 631 corresponding to the third through hole 621, and the outer wall of the focusing block 63 is provided with a plurality of slide grooves 632 corresponding to the second adjustment holes 623 in the vertical direction, the stop block 624 is slidably arranged in the slide groove 632, and the bottom end of the focusing block 63 is provided with a mounting hole 633. It should be understood that a second screw is arranged in each of the plurality of second adjustment holes 623 of the adjustment block 62, and the other end of the second screw is arranged in the slide groove 632, and the stop block 624 is slidably arranged in the slide groove 632, so that the focusing amount of the laser additive device can be adjusted by sliding the focusing block 63 up and down, and by adjusting the position where the laser beam is concentrated (i.e., focusing), the power of the high-energy spot output by the laser beam can be adjusted to prevent the powder from splashing when it is melted.

[0067] In this embodiment, the coaxial nozzle 7 includes an inner nozzle 71 , a transition piece 72 , a cooling piece 73 and an outer nozzle 74 .

[0068] The top of the inner nozzle 71 is provided with a mounting groove 711 detachably connected to the mounting hole 633, wherein the inner nozzle 71 is provided with a fifth through hole 712 corresponding to the fourth through hole 631. It should be understood that the laser beam passing through the reflection module 4 is emitted downward from the fifth through hole 712, and the inner nozzle 71 is connected to the focusing block 63 through the mounting groove 711, so that the inner nozzle 71 can be shifted together when focusing.

[0069] The adapter 72 is provided with a sixth through hole 721, and the inner nozzle 71 is inserted and threadedly connected in the sixth through hole 721.

[0070] The cooling member 73 is provided with a seventh through hole 730, where the inner nozzle 71 and the adapter 72 are inserted in the seventh through hole 730, and the adapter 72 is threadedly connected to the cooling member 73. That is to say, the adapter 72 is threadedly connected to the top end inside the seventh through hole of the cooling member 73.

[0071] The top end of the outer nozzle 74 is threadedly connected in the seventh through hole 730 (that is, the top end of the outer nozzle 74 is threadedly connected to the bottom end inside the seventh through hole 730). The outer nozzle 74 is provided with an eighth through hole 741, the inner nozzle 71 is located in the eighth through hole 741, and a powder outlet channel 75 for outputting printing powder is formed between the inner wall of the outer nozzle 74 and the outer wall of the inner nozzle 71. It should be understood that the bottom end of the outer nozzle 74 and the bottom end of the inner nozzle 71 are arranged on the same horizontal plane.

[0072] Preferably, the powder outlet channel 75 is arranged in an inclined shape.

[0073] Furthermore, a powder outlet pipeline 76 communicating with the powder outlet channel 75 is provided in the cooling member 73.

[0074] It can be understood that the powder material (printing powder) enters the powder outlet channel 75 through the powder outlet pipeline 76 and forms a powder pile at the product forming platform. The laser beam is emitted downward through the inner nozzle 71 to form a high-energy light spot. When the high-energy light spot contacts the powder pile, the powder material will be melted.

[0075] Furthermore, a receiving cavity 731 surrounding the seventh through hole 730 is provided in the cooling member 73 (that is, the receiving cavity 731 is not communicated with the seventh through hole). A water inlet pipeline 732 communicating with the receiving cavity 731 and a water outlet pipeline 733 communicating with the receiving cavity 731 are provided on the side wall of the cooling member 73. The number of the powder outlet pipelines 76 is multiple, and one end of the powder outlet pipeline 76 is exposed outside the side wall of the cooling member 73, and the other end of the powder outlet pipeline 76 passes through the receiving cavity 731 and is communicated with the seventh through hole 730. It should be understood that due to the high energy intensity of the laser beam, the cooling member 73 can circulate cold water through the water inlet pipeline 732 for cooling to prevent the powder in the powder outlet pipeline 76 from being blocked in the powder outlet pipeline 76 due to temperature rise. One end of the powder outlet pipeline 76 can be connected to the powder bin through a powder pipeline.

[0076] In this embodiment, the coaxial additive manufacturing device further includes an air path channel and a water path channel. The air path channel includes a protective gas pipe body with one end for communicating with a gas station, and the other end of the protective gas pipe body is connected to a first intake pipe. The water path channel includes a first cooling pipe within the collimation module 2, a second cooling pipe that is in communication with the first cooling pipe and is within the beam splitting and focusing module 3, a third cooling pipe that is in communication with the second cooling pipe and is within the reflection module 4, a fourth cooling pipe in communication with the third cooling pipe, a fifth cooling pipe, and a sixth cooling pipe. One end of the fourth cooling pipe is in communication with a first water inlet pipe, one end of the fifth cooling pipe is in communication with a first water outlet pipe, the other end of the fifth cooling pipe is in communication with a water inlet pipe 732, one end of the sixth cooling pipe is in communication with a water outlet pipe 733, and the other end of the sixth cooling pipe is for communicating with the water return port of a chiller. One end of the first cooling pipe is in communication with the water outlet port of the chiller. That is to say, when the laser beam is within the coaxial additive manufacturing device, since the laser beam passes through the collimation module 2, the beam splitting and focusing module 3, and the reflection module 4 and its temperature will increase, the cold water in the water path channel can cool down the collimation module 2, the beam splitting and focusing module 3, and the reflection module 4, and the water in the water path channel will also circulate back to the chiller through the sixth cooling pipe for reuse.

[0077] Furthermore, it is found that the coaxial additive manufacturing device is detachably arranged within a protective box 92, and the protective box 92 is liftably arranged on the top wall of the machining space of a machine tool machining center 9. The top wall of the machining space is provided with a rectangular lifting opening 93. The protective box 92 includes a protective box body 920 that is liftably arranged within the lifting opening 93 and a protective cover 921. The side of the protective box body 920 is provided with a receiving inner cavity for receiving the coaxial additive manufacturing device. The protective cover 921 is used to cover the receiving inner cavity, and the protective cover 921 is fixedly arranged along the vertical direction at the edge of the lifting opening 93. It should be understood that the protective cover 921 is fixed at the edge of the lifting opening 93 and will not descend when the protective box 92 descends, so as to prevent the protective cover 921 from blocking the coaxial additive manufacturing device. Therefore, when the protective box 92 descends, the protective box body 920 descends into the machining space and exposes the coaxial additive manufacturing device received within the receiving inner cavity.

[0078] Specifically, a lifting rack 923 is provided on the back side of the protection box body 920 in the vertical direction. Gears 924 are respectively engaged with the lifting rack 923. A driven rod 925 is connected to the gears 924. A second driving motor 95 is further provided on the top of the machine tool machining center 9. A driving shaft 951 extends from the second driving motor 95 (i.e., the second driving motor 95 drives the driving shaft 951 to rotate). One end of the driving shaft 951 is connected to a driving wheel 952. The driving wheel 952 is connected to a driven wheel 953 through a belt 954. A through hole is provided in the driven wheel 953, and the driven rod 925 is fixedly inserted into the through hole of the driven wheel 953. It should be understood that when the second driving motor 95 drives the driving shaft 951 to rotate, the driving wheel 952 on the driving shaft 951 will drive the driven wheel 953 to rotate together through the belt 954. At this time, the driven rod 925 in the driven wheel 953 will rotate, and the gears 924 will also engage and rotate along the lifting rack 923, so that the protection box 92 can achieve the effect of being liftable.

[0079] In other embodiments, sliding rails 922 are provided on the two side port edges of the receiving inner cavity of the protection box body 920. Lifting sliders corresponding to the sliding rails 922 are provided on the two sides of the protection cover 921 (the lifting sliders slide relative to the sliding rails 922 during lifting). The side of the protection box body can slide up and down along the edge of the protection cover 921.

[0080] Further, a driving mechanism 94 for driving the coaxial additive manufacturing device to extend and retract in the machining space is provided in the receiving inner cavity. When the protection box body 920 rises to the top of the machining space, the protection cover 921 seals the receiving inner cavity. When the protection box body 920 descends into the machining space, the driving mechanism 94 drives the coaxial additive manufacturing device to extend to the center of the machining space.

[0081] In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 94 includes a fixed frame 940, a telescopic driving cylinder 941, a limiting support rod 942, a folding telescopic rod 943, and a receiving support 944. The fixed frame 940 is disposed on the side wall of the receiving inner cavity. The telescopic driving cylinder 941 is disposed on the fixed frame 940. The limiting support rod 942 is horizontally disposed on the fixed frame 940. A limiting slot 9421 is provided along the length direction of the limiting support rod 942. A clamping driving point 9422 is fixedly provided at one end of the limiting slot 9421 away from the fixed frame 940. A telescopic driving block 9423 is slidably disposed in the limiting slot 9421. The telescopic rod of the telescopic driving cylinder 941 is fixedly connected to the telescopic driving block 9423 to drive the telescopic driving block 9423 to slide in the limiting slot 9421. The receiving support 944 is disposed at the end of the folding telescopic rod 943 and is used to support the coaxial additive manufacturing device. The folding telescopic rod 943 is composed of a plurality of folding rods that are arc-shaped and rotationally connected (the ends of adjacent two folding rods are rotationally connected). One end of two folding rods at one end of the folding telescopic rod 943 is rotationally connected to the telescopic driving block 9423, and the middle of the other of the two folding rods at one end of the folding telescopic rod 943 is fixedly connected to the clamping driving point 9422. When the telescopic driving cylinder 941 drives the telescopic driving block 9423 to retract, the folding telescopic rod 943 is controlled to extend. When the telescopic driving cylinder 941 drives the telescopic driving block 9423 to extend, the folding telescopic rod 943 is controlled to shorten.

[0082] Or in other embodiments, when the space in the receiving inner cavity is relatively large and the length of the telescopic rod of the telescopic driving cylinder 941 is relatively long, the telescopic rod of the telescopic driving cylinder 941 can be directly used to drive the receiving support 944 to telescopically move in the processing space.

[0083] Further referring to Figure 25 , the coaxial additive manufacturing method for a laser additive and subtractive device disclosed by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0084] Step S101: When it is determined that the coaxial additive manufacturing device starts to work, printing powder is output through the coaxial nozzle 7 to the bottom wall of the processing space, and a high-energy light spot is formed by converging the laser beam emitted by the laser and acts on the printing powder to form a molten pool.

[0085] Step S102: The light generated by the molten pool is reflected to the beam splitting and focusing module 3 by the reflection module 4, and the image within a specified wavelength range is reflected into the monitoring module 8 by the beam splitting and focusing module 3.

[0086] Step S103: After the monitoring module 8 receives the image within the specified wavelength range, it performs analysis and obtains an analysis result to monitor the processing molten pool.

[0087] It should be understood that when there are problems with the analysis results obtained by the monitoring module 8, the staff can be notified in a timely manner or an alarm can be generated to make adjustments in a timely manner, avoid unnecessary troubles, and stop losses in a timely manner.

[0088] Furthermore, the coaxial additive manufacturing method for the laser additive and subtractive equipment further includes:

[0089] Step S201: When it is determined that additive manufacturing operations need to be performed in the processing space, control the main body of the protective box 92 to descend so that the protective cover 921 disengages from the main body 920 of the protective box, exposing the coaxial additive manufacturing device in the receiving cavity of the main body 920 of the protective box in the processing space, and push the coaxial additive manufacturing device in the receiving cavity to below the tool chuck in the processing space through the driving mechanism 94, so as to perform additive manufacturing operations through the coaxial additive manufacturing device installed in the tool chuck.

[0090] It should be understood that in step S201, the protective box 92 will descend under the action of the second driving motor 95, and then the driving mechanism 94 in the protective box 92 will push the coaxial additive manufacturing device housed in the receiving support member 944 to the tool chuck (such as below the tool chuck or accessories) by retracting the telescopic driving cylinder 941. At this time, the tool shank 1 of the coaxial additive manufacturing device can be manually installed at the tool chuck to perform additive manufacturing operations.

[0091] Step S202: When it is determined that subtractive manufacturing operations need to be performed in the processing space, remove the coaxial additive manufacturing device from the tool chuck and place it in the driving mechanism 94, and use the driving mechanism 94 to retract the coaxial additive manufacturing device into the receiving cavity of the main body 920 of the protective box. Control the main body 920 of the protective box to rise so that when the main body 920 of the protective box rises to the top wall of the machine tool processing center 9, use the protective cover 921 to seal the receiving cavity. Finally, install the cutting tool in the tool chuck to perform subtractive manufacturing operations with the cutting tool.

[0092] It should be understood that in step S202, the coaxial additive manufacturing device can be manually removed from the tool chuck, placed in the receiving support member 944, and the driving mechanism 94 can be used to retract the coaxial additive manufacturing device back into the protective box 92. Then, the second driving motor 95 can be used to raise the protective box 92 from the lifting port 93. When the protective box 92 rises to the top wall of the machine tool processing center 9, the protective cover 921 will seal the protective box 92, so that the coaxial additive manufacturing device will not be contaminated by dust and debris, does not occupy the space of the processing space, and then the cutting tool can be installed in the tool chuck to perform subtractive manufacturing operations, so that the forming of the product will not be interfered by the tool idling on one side, thereby making the forming range of the product larger.

[0093] It should be noted that the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising said element.

Claims

1. A coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment, characterized in that Comprising: A tool shank for connecting with a tool chuck of a machine tool machining center; A collimation module, one end of which is used for connecting with a laser to receive the laser beam emitted by the laser, and collimating the laser beam emitted by the laser into a parallel light beam; A beam splitting and focusing module, one end of which is arranged at the other end of the collimation module far from the laser, for receiving the parallel light beam emitted by the collimation module and focusing the parallel light beam; A reflection module, one end of which is arranged at the other end of the beam splitting and focusing module far from the collimation module, for changing the path of the light beam emitted from the beam splitting and focusing module, wherein the top end of the reflection module is arranged at the bottom end of the tool shank; A protective mirror module arranged below the reflection module for protecting the light beam emitted from the reflection module; An adjustment module arranged below the protective mirror module for realizing the adjustment of the machining defocus amount; A coaxial nozzle arranged below the adjustment module for outputting printing powder, wherein the light beam emitted from the protective mirror module converges into a high-energy light spot directly below the coaxial nozzle to interact with the converged printing powder to form a molten pool; A monitoring module arranged above the beam splitting and focusing module; Wherein, the reflection module is further used for reflecting the light generated by the molten pool to the beam splitting and focusing module, and the beam splitting and focusing module is further used for reflecting the image within a specified wavelength range to the monitoring module, so as to monitor the machining molten pool through the monitoring module; 2. The coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collimation module includes a collimating mirror, the beam splitting and focusing module includes a beam splitter and a focusing mirror which are directly below the monitoring module, the reflection module includes a reflecting mirror, the protective mirror module includes a protective mirror, the beam splitter is between the collimating mirror and the focusing mirror, the focusing mirror is arranged between the reflecting mirror and the beam splitter, the collimating mirror, the beam splitter, the focusing mirror and the reflecting mirror are arranged in a straight line, the beam splitter is horizontally inclined, the reflecting mirror is horizontally inclined, the protective mirror is below the reflecting mirror, wherein the optical path of the coaxial additive manufacturing device is divided into a machining optical path and a molten pool monitoring optical path, the machining optical path is formed by the collimating mirror collimating the laser beam emitted by the laser into a parallel light and transmitting it through the beam splitter to the focusing mirror, then changing the path through the reflecting mirror and transmitting through the protective mirror to converge into a high-energy light spot directly below the coaxial nozzle, the high-energy light spot interacts with the converged printing powder to form a molten pool, and the molten pool monitoring optical path is formed by the light generated by the molten pool being reflected by the reflecting mirror to the focusing mirror and then the beam splitter vertically reflecting the image within a specified wavelength range upward to the monitoring module.

3. The coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The protective mirror module is provided with a first through hole below the reflecting mirror. The top end of the first through hole is provided with the protective mirror. Inside the protective mirror module, there is a first annular hole outside the first through hole and a plurality of air outlet holes that communicate with the first annular hole and are below the protective mirror. The protective mirror module is further provided with a first air inlet pipe that communicates with the first annular hole. The protective mirror module is further provided with a second annular hole outside the first through hole, a first water inlet pipe that communicates with the second annular hole, and a first water outlet pipe that communicates with the second annular hole, wherein the second annular hole is not communicated with the first annular hole.

4. The coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The adjustment module includes: An alignment base, which is arranged below the protective mirror module. The alignment base is provided with a first receiving groove corresponding to the first through hole and a second through hole inside the first receiving groove. The side wall of the first receiving groove is provided with a plurality of first adjustment holes; An adjustment block, which is arranged inside the second through hole. The adjustment block is provided with a third through hole corresponding to the first through hole. The top end of the adjustment block extends to be provided with an adjustment boss that is clamped inside the first receiving groove. The outer wall of the bottom end of the adjustment block is provided with a plurality of second adjustment holes. A limiting block is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom end of the adjustment block. The limiting block and the second adjustment holes are on the same vertical line, and the limiting block is below the second adjustment holes; A focusing block, which is arranged inside the third through hole. The focusing block is provided with a fourth through hole corresponding to the third through hole. The outer wall of the focusing block is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves corresponding to the second adjustment holes in the vertical direction. The limiting block is slidably arranged in the sliding grooves. The bottom end of the focusing block is provided with a mounting hole.

5. The coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment according to claim 4, wherein, The coaxial nozzle includes: An inner nozzle, the top end of which is provided with a mounting groove that is detachably connected to the mounting hole. Inside the inner nozzle, there is a fifth through hole corresponding to the fourth through hole; An adapter, which is provided with a sixth through hole. The inner nozzle passes through and is threadedly connected to the sixth through hole; A cooling member, which is provided with a seventh through hole. The inner nozzle and the adapter pass through the seventh through hole, and the adapter is threadedly connected to the cooling member; An outer nozzle, the top end of which is threadedly connected to the seventh through hole. The outer nozzle is provided with an eighth through hole. The inner nozzle is inside the eighth through hole, and a powder outlet channel for outputting printing powder is formed between the inner wall of the outer nozzle and the outer wall of the inner nozzle; Among them, a powder outlet pipeline that communicates with the powder outlet channel is arranged in the cooling member.

6. The coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, A receiving cavity surrounding the seventh through hole is arranged inside the cooling member. The side wall of the cooling member is provided with a water inlet pipeline that communicates with the receiving cavity and a water outlet pipeline that communicates with the receiving cavity. The number of the powder outlet pipelines is multiple. One end of the powder outlet pipeline is exposed outside the side wall of the cooling member, and the other end of the powder outlet pipeline passes through the receiving cavity and communicates with the seventh through hole.

7. The coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coaxial additive manufacturing device further includes a gas path channel and a water path channel. The gas path channel includes a protective gas pipe body with one end for communicating with a gas station, and the other end of the protective gas pipe body is connected to the first intake pipe. The water path channel includes a first cooling pipe within the collimation module, a second cooling pipe communicating with the first cooling pipe and within the spectral splitting and focusing module, a third cooling pipe communicating with the second cooling pipe and within the reflection module, a fourth cooling pipe communicating with the third cooling pipe, a fifth cooling pipe, and a sixth cooling pipe. One end of the fourth cooling pipe communicates with the first water inlet pipe, one end of the fifth cooling pipe communicates with the first water outlet pipe, the other end of the fifth cooling pipe communicates with the water inlet pipe, one end of the sixth cooling pipe communicates with the water outlet pipe, and the other end of the sixth cooling pipe is for communicating with the water return port of a chiller. One end of the first cooling pipe communicates with the water outlet port of the chiller.

8. The coaxial additive manufacturing device for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial additive manufacturing device is detachably arranged within a protective box, and the protective box is liftably arranged on the top wall of the processing space of a machine tool processing center. The top wall of the processing space is provided with a rectangular lifting opening. The protective box includes a protective box body liftably arranged within the lifting opening and a protective cover. The side of the protective box body is provided with a receiving inner cavity for receiving the coaxial additive manufacturing device. The protective cover is for covering the receiving inner cavity, and the protective cover is fixedly arranged along the vertical direction at the edge of the lifting opening. The side of the protective box body can slide along the edge of the protective cover. A driving mechanism for driving the coaxial additive manufacturing device to extend and retract within the processing space is arranged within the receiving inner cavity. When the protective box body rises to the top of the processing space, the protective cover hermetically covers the receiving inner cavity.

9. A coaxial additive manufacturing method for a laser additive and subtractive manufacturing device, characterized in that, When processing is performed using the coaxial processing device according to any one of the above claims 1 - 8, the method includes: When it is determined that the coaxial additive manufacturing device starts to work, printing powder is output through the coaxial nozzle onto the bottom wall of the processing space, and a high-energy light spot is formed by converging the laser beam emitted by the laser and acts on the printing powder to form a molten pool. The reflection module is used to reflect the light generated by the molten pool to the spectral splitting and focusing module, and the spectral splitting and focusing module reflects an image within a specified wavelength range into the monitoring module. After the monitoring module receives the image within the specified wavelength range, it performs analysis and obtains an analysis result to achieve monitoring of the processing molten pool.

10. The processing method according to claim 9, wherein, The method further includes: When it is determined that additive manufacturing operations need to be performed within the processing space, the protective box body is controlled to descend so that the protective cover disengages from the protective box body, exposing the coaxial additive manufacturing device within the receiving inner cavity of the protective box body in the processing space. The coaxial additive manufacturing device within the receiving inner cavity is pushed by the driving mechanism below the tool chuck within the processing space to perform additive manufacturing operations through the coaxial additive manufacturing device installed in the tool chuck. When it is determined that a subtractive operation needs to be performed in the machining space, the coaxial additive manufacturing device is removed from the tool chuck and installed in the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used to retract the coaxial additive manufacturing device into the receiving inner cavity of the protection box body. Then, the protection box body is controlled to rise until the protection box body reaches the top wall of the machine tool machining center, and the receiving inner cavity is sealed with the protection cover. Finally, a cutting tool is installed in the tool chuck to perform a subtractive operation with the cutting tool.

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