Construction method of flexible ecological revetment of river channel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological slope protection, and discloses a construction method of a flexible ecological slope protection of a riverway, which comprises the following steps: cleaning surface soil and pumice stones on a slope surface, and leveling the slope surface; anchor rod hole positions are determined, and anchor rod holes are drilled and cleaned; grouting is conducted in the anchor rod holes, anchor rods are inserted into the anchor rod holes, and grout is solidified and hardened; after the top ends of the non-woven fabrics are fixed, the non-woven fabrics are sequentially laid and sewed, and concrete is adopted for sealing; laying a protective net on the surface of the non-woven fabric, and fastening the two ends of the steel bars with the anchor rods; openings are formed in the steel bar lattices, and matrix materials are loaded in the openings; holes are formed in the non-woven fabric to plant nursery stocks or hill-seeding shrub seeds; and performing maintenance management and later monitoring work on the ecological slope protection. According to the method, the base material is stably fixed on the slope surface and is friendly to plants, a lasting, stable and good living environment is provided for the plants on the rock slope, growth of the plants and natural invasion of adjacent plants are promoted, natural restoration is accelerated, and the ecological restoration effect and economical efficiency can be well balanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological slope protection, and particularly relates to a construction method for a flexible ecological slope protection of a river channel. Background Art

[0002] For plants to grow on rocky (or hard) slopes without soil, a certain thickness of soil material is required as the growth base layer. Due to human activities or natural effects, the soil material on the surface of rocky slopes is often completely destroyed, exposing the bedrock. At the same time, due to rain erosion, the lack of soil, water, fertilizer, as well as large temperature differences and the instability of surface gravel, all make it difficult for vegetation to grow on rocky slopes.

[0003] The current revegetation methods for such rocky slopes include: hanging net and soil spraying, shotcrete planting, grooving revegetation, drilling revegetation, "V"-shaped groove revegetation, floating platform revegetation, wooden strip formwork revegetation, geocell revegetation, climbing plant method, vegetation bag revegetation, ecological bag revegetation, long bag revegetation, etc.

[0004] Overall comparison shows that spraying techniques have a low price. However, due to the nature of the materials and the factor of a large slope, it is difficult for the spraying materials to remain on the slope surface. The later growth of plants results in a very poor revegetation effect due to the instability of the base layer. Although shotcrete planting has good adhesion, the alkaline adhesive is not friendly to the plants themselves. And after shotcrete, the ecological base layer is too hard, far exceeding the soil hardness that plant roots can break through, affecting plant growth and thus the later revegetation effect. The climbing plant slope protection method can achieve a good covering effect in areas with a certain amount of precipitation. Its advantages are low price, and the disadvantage is a long revegetation time. Although methods such as opening holes, grooving, and constructing "V"-shaped grooves on the rock surface can solve the problem of base layer stability, it is difficult to promote due to the large construction difficulty, high cost, and limited effect of the project. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a construction method for a flexible ecological slope protection of a river channel, which stably fixes the base material on the slope surface, is friendly to plants, provides a lasting, stable and good living environment for plants on rocky slopes, promotes the growth of its own plants and the natural invasion of adjacent plants, accelerates natural restoration, can well balance the problems of ecological restoration effect and economy, and solves the problem of difficult ecological restoration of high and steep rocky slopes at present.

[0006] The present invention provides a construction method for a flexible ecological slope protection of a river channel, including:

[0007] S1. Site slope preparation: Remove the floating soil and floating stones threatening construction safety within the slope protection area, and trim the local ground irregularities that are not conducive to construction installation and affect the normal function of the system after installation; wherein, the local ground irregularities include local accumulations and protrusions.

[0008] S2. Determine the positions of the anchor bolt holes: After measuring and setting out the lines on the slope protection, determine the positions of the anchor bolt holes at the natural low-lying areas according to the spacing of the anchor bolt holes, drill the anchor bolt holes and clean the holes.

[0009] S3. Install the anchor bolts: Grout the anchor bolt holes and insert the anchor bolts, and wait for the grout to set and harden. Among them, use cement mortar or cement slurry with a strength grade not lower than M20 to ensure that the grout is full, and the grouted body is cured for no less than 3 days.

[0010] S4. Lay the non-woven fabric: After fixing the non-woven fabric at the top, lay it down the slope from top to bottom, lay it in sequence from left to right or from right to left, the overlap between two adjacent non-woven fabrics is not less than 10 cm, and stitch them. The left and right sides and the lower part are sealed with concrete.

[0011] S5. Lay the protective net: Lay the protective net on the surface of the non-woven fabric. After the protective net is laid, fasten the two ends of the steel bars to the anchor bolts, lay the protective net along the slope and stitch the steel bars of the protective net to the steel bars.

[0012] S6. Inject the base material: Open an opening at the upper left or upper right corner of the non-woven fabric within the grid formed by the longitudinal steel bars and the transverse steel bars, and fill the cavity formed by the non-woven fabric and the slope surface with the mixed matrix material through a wet shotcrete machine and completely fill it.

[0013] S7. Plant seedlings or direct sow seeds: After more water seeps out from the matrix material, open holes on the non-woven fabric to plant seedlings or direct sow shrub seeds. The interval between the holes is not less than 20 cm and is distributed in a plum blossom shape.

[0014] S8. Maintenance: Carry out maintenance management and post-monitoring work on the ecological slope protection. Among them, the maintenance management includes watering the slope according to the set watering frequency and watering amount, and the post-monitoring work includes monitoring the organic matter content and the growth of plants, and adding organic fertilizers and replacing damaged seedlings according to the growth needs of the plants.

[0015] Further, in the step S2, the adjustment amount of the spacing of the anchor bolt holes is not less than 0.3 m, the hole depth is 5 cm - 10 cm greater than the designed length of the anchor bolt, the hole diameter is not less than φ42, and it is perpendicular to the slope surface on the premise of ensuring that the angle between the anchor bolt and the horizontal plane is not less than 15°.

[0016] Further, in the step S3, the water-cement ratio of the grout preparation is 0.45 - 0.55, and the ash-sand ratio of the cement mortar is preferably 1.0 - 2.0. When the mortar strength test does not meet the requirements, re-grouting is required.

[0017] Further, in the step S5, the steel bars can be replaced by support ropes.

[0018] Further, in the step S6, the substrate material includes planting soil, sawdust, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, peat and water retaining agent, and their mixing ratios are as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Increase the water amount during mixing to increase fluidity.

[0021] Further, the step S8 includes:

[0022] (1) During the plant germination period, seedling stage and rapid growth stage, when the soil moisture content of the target soil layer is lower than 60% of the corresponding soil field water holding capacity, irrigation and maintenance should be carried out immediately.

[0023] (2) Delay irrigation during the plant hardening-off stage. When the soil moisture content of the target soil layer is lower than 50% of the corresponding soil field water holding capacity, irrigation and maintenance should be carried out appropriately. When the soil moisture content of the target soil layer approaches or reaches the corresponding soil wilting coefficient, that is, the wilting water content, irrigation and maintenance must be carried out.

[0024] Further, the mixing ratio of the flexible ecological slope protection process materials is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] The seedlings are two-year-old small seedlings with well-developed roots. The seeds are shrub seeds and need to be treated before sowing.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] The process design of the present invention is: slope finishing → slope cleaning → anchor rod construction → non-woven fabric laying → protection net construction → substrate mixing → substrate injection → seedling planting (or seed direct seeding) → maintenance;

[0029] 1) Solve the industry problem of ecological restoration of high and steep slopes, and apply it to steep rock slopes to overcome the disadvantages that traditional spraying ecological restoration cannot be applied to such scenarios.

[0030] 2) The materials have good weather resistance and can play a role stably for a long time.

[0031] 3) It is made of non-woven fabric material that is permeable to water but impermeable to soil, and keeps the growth substrate from flowing away.

[0032] 4) The construction process is faster and simpler than traditional ecological bags, and can be applied to higher slopes without a large amount of manual bagging and piling, saving a large amount of labor input and shortening the construction period.

[0033] 5) Combine with geological disaster prevention projects to provide green protection effects. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1It is a schematic flow chart of the construction method of the flexible ecological slope protection for river channels of the present invention.

[0035] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments

[0036] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0037] The present invention provides the SENS flexible ecological slope protection technology. By a special technical means, the base material is stably fixed on the slope surface, and it is friendly to plants, providing a durable, stable and good living environment for plants on the rocky slope, promoting the growth of its own plants and the natural invasion of adjacent plants, and accelerating the natural restoration. It can well balance the problems of ecological restoration effect and economy, and directly hit the difficulties and pain points of the ecological restoration of high and steep rocky slopes at present.

[0038] The present invention is applicable to:

[0039] (1) Ecological restoration: both sides of rivers, mine greening, sea and lake shores, surface landslide treatment, culvert openings, drainage ditches, soil erosion, irrigation systems, etc.

[0040] (2) Infrastructure construction: railway and highway slope protection, applicable to cut slopes, river and lake slope protection, military facilities and flood control emergencies, bunkers, flood control dams, etc.

[0041] (3) Municipal engineering: ecological river banks in the city center, park lake shores, horticultural landscapes, saline-alkali land slopes, etc.

[0042] (4) Landscape gardening: vertical greening, garden art, etc.

[0043] The process materials of the SENS flexible ecological slope protection of the present invention are shown in the following table:

[0044]

[0045] According to the above table, with reference to Figure 1 as shown, the present invention provides a construction method for the flexible ecological slope protection of river channels, and the process design is: slope surface arrangement → slope cleaning → anchor rod construction → non-woven fabric laying → protection net construction → base material mixing → base material injection → seedling planting (or seed sowing) → maintenance, specifically including the following steps:

[0046] S1. Prepare the on-site slope surface: Clean the floating soil and floating stones on the slope surface and level the slope surface; Remove the floating soil and floating stones that threaten the construction safety within the slope protection area, and appropriately trim the local fragmented shapes (local accumulations and protrusions, etc.) that are not conducive to construction installation and affect the normal function of the system after installation.

[0047] S2. Determine the positions of anchor bolt holes: After measuring and setting out the lines on the slope protection, determine the positions of the anchor bolt holes, drill the anchor bolt holes and clean the holes; the adjustment amount of the spacing between the anchor bolt holes shall not be less than 0.3 m. Within the allowable adjustment range of the hole spacing, select the positions of the anchor bolt holes at natural low-lying places.

[0048] Drill the anchor bolt holes and clean the holes; the hole depth shall be 5 cm - 10 cm greater than the designed length of the anchor bolt, and the hole diameter shall not be less than φ42. On the premise of ensuring that the angle between the anchor bolt and the horizontal plane is not less than 15°, it should be as perpendicular to the slope as possible.

[0049] S3. Install the anchor bolts: Grout in the anchor bolt holes and insert the anchor bolts, and wait for the grout to coagulate and harden; use cement mortar or cement slurry with a strength grade not lower than M20 to ensure that the grout is full, and the grouted body shall be cured for not less than 3 days.

[0050] The water-cement ratio of the grout preparation should be 0.45 - 0.55, and the ash-sand ratio of the cement mortar should be 1.0 - 2.0; when the mortar strength test does not meet the requirements, re-grouting is required.

[0051] S4. Lay the non-woven fabric: After fixing the non-woven fabric at the top, lay it down the slope from top to bottom, and lay it in sequence from left to right or from right to left. The overlap between two adjacent non-woven fabrics shall not be less than 10 cm, and stitch them. Seal the left and right sides and the lower part, and concrete can be used for sealing.

[0052] S5. Lay the protection net: Lay the protection net on the surface of the non-woven fabric. After the protection net is laid, fasten the two ends of the steel bars (or support ropes) to the anchor bolts, lay the protection net along the slope and stitch the protection net steel bars (or support ropes) to the steel bars (or support ropes).

[0053] S6. Inject the base material: Open an opening at the upper left corner or upper right corner of the non-woven fabric within the grid formed by the longitudinal steel bars (or support ropes) and the transverse steel bars (or support ropes), and fill the cavity formed by the non-woven fabric and the slope with the mixed matrix material through a wet shotcrete machine as completely as possible. The proportion of the matrix material is shown in the following table:

[0054]

[0055] S7. Plant seedlings or sow seeds: After more water seeps out from the matrix material, make holes on the non-woven fabric to plant seedlings or sow shrub seeds. The interval between the holes shall not be less than 20 cm, and they shall be distributed in a plum blossom shape.

[0056] S8. Maintenance: Carry out maintenance management and post-monitoring work on the ecological slope protection.

[0057] (1) The maintenance management work includes watering the slope according to the set watering frequency and watering amount.

[0058] a. During the germination, seedling and rapid growth stages of plants, when the soil water content in the target soil layer is lower than 60% of the corresponding soil field water holding capacity, irrigation and maintenance should be carried out immediately.

[0059] b. During the hardening-off stage of plants, irrigation can be appropriately postponed. When the soil water content in the target soil layer is lower than 50% of the corresponding soil field water holding capacity, irrigation and maintenance should be carried out. When the soil water content in the target soil layer approaches or reaches the corresponding soil wilting coefficient (wilting water content), irrigation and maintenance must be carried out.

[0060] (2) The later monitoring work includes monitoring the organic matter content and the growth of plants, and adding organic fertilizers and replacing damaged seedlings according to the growth needs of plants.

[0061] The process design of the present invention is slope finishing → slope cleaning → anchor rod construction → non-woven fabric laying → protection net construction → base material mixing → base material injection → seedling planting (or seed sowing) → maintenance; it has the following characteristics:

[0062] 1) It solves the industry problem of ecological revegetation of high-steep slopes, and is applied to steep rocky slopes to overcome the disadvantages that traditional spraying ecological restoration cannot be applied to such scenarios.

[0063] 2) The materials have good weather resistance and can play a role stably for a long time.

[0064] 3) It is made of non-woven fabric materials that are permeable to water but impermeable to soil, keeping the growth base material from flowing away.

[0065] 4) The construction process is faster and simpler than traditional ecological bags, and can be applied to higher slopes without a large amount of manual bagging and piling, saving a large amount of labor input and shortening the construction period.

[0066] 5) Combined with geological disaster prevention projects, it provides a green protection effect.

[0067] It should be noted that in this article, the terms "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, device, article or method including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, device, article or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, device, article or method including that element.

[0068] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural or equivalent process transformation made by using the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a flexible ecological slope protection of a river course, characterized in that, Including: S1. Site slope preparation: Remove the floating soil and floating stones threatening construction safety within the slope protection area, and trim the local fragmented forms that are not conducive to construction installation and affect the normal function of the system after installation; wherein, the local fragmented forms include local accumulations and protrusions. S2. Determine the anchor hole positions: After measuring and laying out the lines on the slope protection, determine the anchor hole positions in natural depressions according to the anchor hole spacing, drill the anchor holes and clean them. S3. Anchor installation: Grout the anchor holes and insert the anchors, and wait for the grout to coagulate and harden; wherein, use cement mortar or cement slurry with a strength grade not lower than M20 to ensure that the grout is full, and the grout body is cured for not less than 3 days. S4. Non-woven fabric laying: After the non-woven fabric is fixed at the top, lay it from top to bottom along the slope, lay it in sequence from left to right or from right to left, the overlap between adjacent two non-woven fabrics is not less than 10 cm, and sew them, and seal the left and right sides and the lower part with concrete. S5. Protection net laying: Lay the protection net on the surface of the non-woven fabric. After the protection net is laid, fasten the two ends of the steel bars to the anchors, lay the protection net along the slope and sew the protection net steel bars to the steel bars. S6. Substrate injection: Open an opening at the upper left corner or upper right corner of the non-woven fabric within the grid formed by the longitudinal steel bars and the transverse steel bars, and fill the cavity formed by the non-woven fabric and the slope with the mixed matrix material through a wet shotcrete machine and completely fill it. S7. Seedling planting or seed sowing: After more water seeps out from the matrix material, plant seedlings or sow shrub seeds by opening holes on the non-woven fabric, the hole spacing is not less than 20 cm, and they are distributed in a plum blossom shape. S8. Maintenance: Carry out maintenance management and later monitoring work on the ecological slope protection; wherein, the maintenance management includes watering the slope according to the set watering frequency and watering amount, and the later monitoring work includes monitoring the organic matter content and the plant growth situation, and adding organic fertilizer and replacing damaged seedlings according to the plant growth needs.

2. The construction method of the flexible ecological slope protection for river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the adjustment amount of the spacing of the anchor hole positions is not less than 0.3 m, the hole depth is greater than the designed anchor length by 5 cm - 10 cm, the hole diameter is not less than φ42, and it is perpendicular to the slope on the premise of ensuring that the included angle between the anchor and the horizontal plane is not less than 15°.

3. The construction method of the flexible ecological slope protection for river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the water-cement ratio of the grout preparation is 0.45 - 0.55, and the ash-sand ratio of the cement mortar is preferably 1.0 - 2.

0. When the mortar strength test does not meet the requirements, re-grouting is required.

4. The construction method of the flexible ecological slope protection for river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the steel bars can be replaced by support ropes.

5. The construction method of the flexible ecological slope protection for river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the matrix material includes planting soil, sawdust, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, peat and water-retaining agent, and its mixing ratio is: Increase the water amount during mixing to increase fluidity.

6. The construction method of the flexible ecological slope protection for river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S8 includes: (1) During the plant germination period, seedling stage and rapid growth stage, when the soil moisture content of the target soil layer is lower than 60% of the corresponding soil field water holding capacity, irrigation and maintenance should be carried out. (2) Delay irrigation during the plant hardening stage. When the soil moisture content of the target soil layer is lower than 50% of the corresponding soil field water holding capacity, irrigation and maintenance should be carried out. When the soil moisture content of the target soil layer is close to or reaches the corresponding wilting coefficient, that is, the wilting moisture content, irrigation and maintenance must be carried out.

7. The construction method of the flexible ecological slope protection for river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process material ratio of the flexible ecological slope protection is: The seedlings are two-year-old small seedlings with well-developed roots. The seeds are shrub seeds and need to be processed before sowing.

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