Three-way limiting structure of air spring, design method of three-way limiting structure and air spring system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of structural design of air springs, and particularly relates to a three-way limiting structure of an air spring, which comprises a base and a central supporting part arranged in the base, the base is provided with a special-shaped limiting part, and the limiting part and the connecting end of the central supporting part are arranged along with the shape; by designing axial compression and stretching limiting and transverse and longitudinal limiting of the limiting part and the central supporting part, normal work of the three-way limiting device is ensured, the interference phenomenon is avoided, and the use reliability is enhanced. Through the combined design of the base and the center supporting part and the determination of gaps between axial compression and stretching limiting and transverse and longitudinal limiting, graded limiting is carried out in order to ensure reliability and safety, axial, transverse and longitudinal limiting of the air spring and the device is reliably achieved through the design of the limiting part, and stable use under various complex working conditions is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of air spring structure design, and more specifically, to a three-way limiting structure of an air spring, its design method, and an air spring system. Background Art

[0002] An air spring realizes its elastic function based on the compressibility of gas and the pressure control mechanism of a closed container, combined with variable stiffness characteristics. Its core lies in that the compressibility of gas drives the filling of compressed gas (inert gas or oil-gas mixture) into a closed container (such as a pressure cylinder, rubber airbag), and the elastic restoring force is generated by the compressibility of the gas. When the external load increases, the gas is compressed, the pressure in the cavity rises, and the spring stiffness increases. When the load decreases, the gas expands, the pressure decreases, and the stiffness decreases, realizing dynamic stiffness adjustment.

[0003] In the existing patent 201911313959.X, a vibration isolator with a limiting function is disclosed. It performs circumferential limitation through the upper shell and the lower shell, and axial limitation through the limiting column, which can effectively prevent the vibration isolation heavy object from generating large displacements, improve the large load-carrying and shock-resistant performance, and at the same time can also play a role in protecting the steel spring. Its disadvantage is that the horizontal limiting displacement is small, and all three directions are rigid limitations, with weak buffering ability.

[0004] 200710051635.4 discloses a high-pressure large-load air spring, which consists of a rubber bladder, a cover plate, a dish-shaped flange, a sealing ring, in-bag fillers, etc. The fillers installed on the cover plate play a role in limiting and adjusting the natural frequency in the rubber bladder. Its disadvantage is that it has almost no longitudinal limiting ability and the structure is complex.

[0005] 202210450138.6 discloses an air spring, which consists of an upper cover assembly, an outer airbag, a rubber stack assembly, a propulsion shaft, and an inner airbag. It realizes non-linear elastic action through gas compressibility and mainly plays a role in load-bearing and vibration reduction. Its disadvantage is that the radial limiting ability is weak.

[0006] 202310784744.6 discloses a side-hanging and hanging-mounted airbag vibration isolator and its installation method, which consists of an installation base, a sealing shell, an airbag, a connecting cylinder, and a sealing plate. This patent uses an annular airbag as the main body. The airbag is stressed radially and has the same stiffness in any radial angular direction, enabling installation in any radial angular direction; at the same time, a rigid three-way limiting structure is formed through the limiting plate and the sealing shell. Its disadvantage is that the limiting and buffering abilities are weak.

[0007] PCTUS0222999 discloses a controlled balance device with adaptive variable spring stiffness and damping, which consists of an external air spring, an internal damping device, and upper and lower cover plates. Its disadvantage is that horizontal limitation cannot be achieved.

[0008] How to design a three-way reliable limit air spring to ensure stable and safe use under various complex working conditions? Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a three-way limit structure of an air spring. Through the combined design of the base and the central support part, by determining the gaps of axial compression limit, axial tension limit, and lateral limit, in order to ensure reliability and safety, hierarchical limit is carried out. Through the design of the limit part, the axial, lateral, and longitudinal limits of the air spring and the device are reliably realized, ensuring stable use under various complex working conditions.

[0010] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: Disclose a three-way limit structure of an air spring. The three-way limit structure includes a base and a central support part arranged inside the base. The base is provided with a special-shaped limit part, and the connection end of the limit part with the central support part is arranged in a conforming manner. By designing the axial compression and tension limits, lateral and longitudinal limits of the limit part and the central support part, to ensure the normal operation of the three-way limit device without interference phenomenon and enhance the use reliability.

[0011] Further, the base includes a bearing part extending from the end face to one side of the central support part. A limit part is arranged at the center of the bearing part. The limit part is a frame enclosing the outside of the central support part. The first concentric arc surface and the second concentric arc surface of the limit part are segmented in the X direction and the Z direction, and the first concentric arc surface and the second concentric arc surface are connected by a first straight edge segment to enclose a closed limit frame.

[0012] Further, the arc diameter of the arc enclosed by the first concentric arc surface of the limit part is D1, and the arc diameter of the arc enclosed by the second concentric arc surface is D4; the first straight edge segments connecting adjacent two arc surfaces enclose a transition bending part, and the arc diameter of the third concentric arc surface formed by adjacent transition bending parts is D2.

[0013] Further, the central support part includes a connecting wing plate, an installation wing plate, and a support neck connecting between the connecting wing plate and the installation wing plate; both the connecting wing plate and the installation wing plate include installation surfaces extending in the lateral direction parallel to the end face; the cross-section of the support neck is a cube, a prism, or a cylindrical structure; the lateral width of the support neck is smaller than the lateral widths of the connecting wing plate and the installation wing plate; the axial width of the support neck is greater than the thickness of the limit part.

[0014] Further, the cross-section of the support neck is a square, and the cross-section of the connecting wing plate includes relatively arranged second straight edge segments and an arc surface segment bending outward connecting the second straight edge segments.

[0015] Further, the central support portion is provided with a first cavity having a T-shaped longitudinal section, and the mounting wing plate includes an annular structure and wing edge structures extending from both sides of the port of the annular structure.

[0016] Further, the arc diameter of the arc section is D3, and the maximum width of the cross-section of the support neck is D5.

[0017] Further, in the free state, there are gaps between the central support portion and the bearing portion and the limiting portion. There is a gap H1 between the top plane of the limiting portion and the mounting wing plate, a gap H2 between the top plane of the connecting wing plate and the limiting portion, a gap T1 between the side of the connecting wing plate and the inner wall of the bearing portion, and a lateral gap T2 between the inner wall of the limiting portion and the outer wall of the support neck; the axial compression limit of the mounting wing plate is determined by the gap H1; the axial tension limit is determined by the gap H2; the lateral limit is determined by the gaps T1 and T2.

[0018] Further, to ensure the normal operation of the three-way limiting device without interference, the following three conditions are met: D3 < D4; D3 + 2T1 < D2; D5 < D1.

[0019] Further, it also includes an upper cover plate, an upper snap ring, a lower snap ring, an airbag and a fastening screw assembly; the connecting wing plate of the central support portion is installed at the bottom of the upper cover plate; an airbag is provided between the upper cover plate and the base, and an upper snap ring and a lower snap ring are provided outside the airbag.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The three-way limiting structure of the air spring of the present invention scientifically designs the upper cover plate, the upper snap ring, the lower snap ring, the airbag, the base and the central support portion structure, so that a sealed space is formed between the structures, fully considering the influence of the deformation and flow of the rubber during the assembly of the airbag, ensuring the sealing effect of the structure, and improving the sealing ability and sealing effect of the structure.

[0021] The three-way limiting structure of the air spring of the present invention reliably realizes the axial, lateral and longitudinal limiting of the air spring and the device. The device has a simple structure and good assemblability.

[0022] The outer side of the central support portion of the three-way limiting structure of the air spring of the present invention adopts a polymer material buffer layer, effectively avoiding rigid contact and reducing noise.

[0023] The three-way limiting structure of the air spring of the present invention is used in the air spring system. On the premise of maintaining the performance of the air spring, the structure is simplified, ensuring that the air spring for special equipment can achieve three-way reliable limiting under various complex working conditions. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1Schematic installation structure diagram of the three-way limiting structure of the air spring according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic structure diagram of the base of the three-way limiting structure of the air spring according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic overall structure diagram of the three-way limiting structure of the air spring according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic cross-sectional diagram of the base of the three-way limiting structure of the air spring according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic cross-sectional diagram of the central support part of the three-way limiting structure of the air spring according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic structure diagram of an air spring system including the three-way limiting structure of the air spring according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram in the A-A direction of

[0031] Wherein, 1 - upper cover plate, 2 - upper snap ring, 3, 5, 6 - fastening screw assemblies, 4 - central support part, 7 - base, 8 - lower snap ring, 9 - airbag, 41 - connecting wing plate, 42 - mounting wing plate, 43 - support neck, 44 - first cavity, 71 - end face, 72 - bearing part, 73 - limiting part, 74 - second cavity, 75 - reinforcing rib, 411 - second straight edge section, 412 - arc section, 421 - annular structure, 422 - wing edge structure, 731 - first concentric arc surface, 732 - second concentric arc surface, 733 - first straight edge section, 734 - transition bending part, 735 - third concentric arc surface. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] For the convenience of elaborating and understanding the present invention, the following will Figures 1 - 7 make a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached Embodiment 1

[0033] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, for the three-way limiting structure of the air spring in this embodiment, starting from the combination of the base 7 and the central support part 4, the base 7 is provided with a special-shaped limiting part 73, and the connection end of the limiting part 73 with the central support part 4 is shaped accordingly; by designing the axial compression and tension limiting, and lateral and longitudinal limiting of the limiting part 73 and the central support part 4, it is ensured that the three-way limiting device works properly without interference, and the use reliability is enhanced.

[0034] Specifically, the base 7 includes an end face 71 provided at the bottom. In this embodiment, the end face 71 is a flat plate, and a bearing portion 72 extending from the middle position of the flat plate toward the center support portion 4, that is, the bearing portion 72 protrudes from the end face 71. The bearing portion 72 in this embodiment is of an annular structure, and its outer edge is provided in a stepped shape, with the thickness gradually decreasing from the center to the outside.

[0035] A limiting portion 73 is provided at the center of the bearing portion 72. The limiting portion 73 is a frame enclosing the outside of the center support portion 4. The limiting portion 73 has a first concentric circular arc surface 731 and a second concentric circular arc surface 732 that are segmented in the X direction and the Z direction. The first concentric circular arc surface 731 and the second concentric circular arc surface 732 are connected by a first straight edge segment 733 to enclose a closed limiting frame. The limiting frame in this embodiment is the first concentric circular arc surface 731 and the second concentric circular arc surface 732 that are relatively convex outward. The circular arc diameter D1 of the first concentric circular arc surface 731 in the X direction is smaller than the circular arc diameter D4 of the second concentric circular arc surface 732 in the Z direction. A second cavity 74 is provided between the bearing portion 72 and the limiting portion 73 and is evenly distributed and connected by a reinforcing rib 75.

[0036] The circular arc diameter enclosed by the first concentric circular arc surface 731 of the limiting portion 73 is D1, and the circular arc diameter enclosed by the second concentric circular arc surface 732 is D4; the first straight edge segments 733 connecting adjacent two circular arc surfaces enclose a transition bending portion 734, and the circular arc diameter of the third concentric circular arc surface 735 formed by adjacent transition bending portions 734 is D2.

[0037] In this embodiment, the center support portion 4 includes a connecting wing plate 41, a mounting wing plate 42, and a support neck 43 connecting the connecting wing plate 41 and the mounting wing plate 42; both the connecting wing plate 41 and the mounting wing plate 42 include mounting surfaces extending in the transverse direction parallel to the end face 71; the cross section of the support neck 43 is a multi-cube or multi-prism structure; the transverse width of the support neck 43 is smaller than the transverse widths of the connecting wing plate 41 and the mounting wing plate 42; the axial width of the support neck 43 is greater than the thickness of the limiting portion 73. That is, the space enclosed by the connecting wing plate 41, the mounting wing plate 42, and the support neck 43 can effectively accommodate the limiting portion 73, and the limiting portion 73 realizes axial compression and tensile limiting when the air spring is compressed or restored to its original state.

[0038] Preferably, the cross section of the support neck 43 is a square, and the cross section of the connecting wing plate 41 includes relatively arranged second straight edge segments 411 and an arc surface segment 412 that bends outward and connects the second straight edge segments 411. The circular arc diameter of the arc surface segment 412 is D3, and the maximum width of the cross section of the support neck 43 is D5. And, the circular arc diameter D3 of the arc surface segment 412 is greater than the circular arc diameter D1 enclosed by the first concentric circular arc surface 731 of the limiting portion 73.

[0039] The central support portion 4 is provided with a first cavity 44 having a T-shaped longitudinal section. The mounting wing plate 42 includes an annular structure 421 and wing edge structures 422 extending from both sides of the port of the annular structure 421. The extension of the wing edge structures 422 makes it easier to install with the upper cover plate 1. The design of the first cavity 44 can effectively support while being lightweight. The T-shaped structure in the longitudinal section has uniform stress and can effectively meet the support requirements.

[0040] The width of the annular structure 421 is substantially the same as the width of the limiting portion 73. In the free state, there are gaps between the central support portion 4 and the bearing portion 72 and the limiting portion 73. There is a gap H1 between the top plane of the limiting portion 73 and the mounting wing plate 42, a gap H2 between the top plane of the connecting wing plate 41 and the limiting portion 73, a gap T1 between the side of the connecting wing plate 41 and the inner wall of the bearing portion 72, and a transverse gap T2 between the inner wall of the limiting portion 73 and the outer wall of the support neck 43. The axial compression limit of the mounting wing plate 42 is determined by the gap H1; the axial tension limit is determined by the gap H2; the transverse limit is determined by the gaps T1 and T2. To ensure reliability and safety, T1 contacts first, which is the first-level limit, and T2 contacts later, which is the second-level limit. The longitudinal limit is determined by the gap L. Among them, the gap L is the Z-direction distance from the second straight-edge segment 411 to the transition bending portion 734.

[0041] To ensure the normal operation of the three-way limiting device without interference, the following three conditions are satisfied simultaneously: D3 < D4; D3 + 2T1 < D2; D5 < D1. D3 < D4 ensures that the central support portion 4 can smoothly enter the base 7; D5 < D1 ensures that the square neck of the central support portion 4 can rotate 90 degrees; D3 + 2T1 < D2 ensures that under the condition of the gap, the limiting portion of the central support portion can rotate 90 degrees and achieve the first-level transverse limit.

[0042] In a further preferred solution, a polymer material buffer layer is provided on the outer layer of the central support portion 4 to effectively avoid rigid contact and reduce noise.

[0043] As another alternative solution, the middle square column of the central pin can be changed to a cylinder. Embodiment 2

[0044] As Figures 6 - 7 shown, the air spring system including the three-way limiting structure of the air spring described in the present invention in this embodiment further includes an upper cover plate 1, an upper snap ring 2, a lower snap ring 8, an airbag 9, and fastening screw assemblies (3, 5, 6); the connecting wing plate 41 of the central support portion 4 is installed at the bottom of the upper cover plate 1; an airbag 9 is provided between the upper cover plate 1 and the base 7, and an upper snap ring 2 and a lower snap ring 8 are provided outside the airbag 9.

[0045] During assembly, the central support part 4 and the upper cover plate 1 are assembled by the screw assembly 5; the airbag 9 and the upper buckle 2 and the lower buckle 8 are assembled by a special tooling. Then, the upper cover plate 1 and the upper buckle 2 are assembled by the screw assembly 3; after the lower end D3 of the central support part of the above components is inserted along the upper end D5 of the base 7 and passes over the axial height of the limit gap T2, it is rotated 90 degrees and positioned by a special positioning tooling. Then, the base 7 and the lower buckle 8 are assembled by the screw assembly 6 to form a sealed working space of the air spring system, realizing the limit of the device and the elastic characteristics of the air spring. The limiting contact part between the central support part 4 and the base 7 is a polymer material buffer layer 4.1 to avoid rigid contact and reduce noise. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-way limiting structure for an air spring, comprising a base (7) and a central support part (4) arranged inside the base (7), characterized in that, The base (7) is provided with a special-shaped limiting part (73), and the connecting end of the limiting part (73) and the central supporting part (4) is shaped accordingly; by designing the axial compression, tensile limitation, lateral and longitudinal limitation of the limiting part (73) and the central supporting part (4), it is ensured that the three-way limiting device works normally without interference, and the use reliability is enhanced.

2. The three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that The base (7) includes a bearing part (72) extending from the end face (71) to the side of the central supporting part (4). A limiting part (73) is arranged at the center of the bearing part (72). The limiting part (73) is a frame surrounding the outside of the central supporting part (4). The first concentric arc surface (731) and the second concentric arc surface (732) which are segmented in the X direction and the Z direction of the limiting part (73) are connected by a first straight-edge segment (733) to form a closed limiting frame.

3. The three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 2, characterized in that The arc diameter enclosed by the first concentric arc surface (731) of the limiting part (73) is D1, and the arc diameter enclosed by the second concentric arc surface (732) is D4; the first straight-edge segments (733) connecting adjacent arc surfaces enclose a transition bending part (734), and the arc diameter of the third concentric arc surface (735) formed by adjacent transition bending parts (734) is D2.

4. The three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The central supporting part (4) includes a connecting wing plate (41), a mounting wing plate (42), and a supporting neck (43) connected between the connecting wing plate (41) and the mounting wing plate (42); both the connecting wing plate (41) and the mounting wing plate (42) include mounting surfaces extending in the lateral direction parallel to the end face (71); the cross-section of the supporting neck (43) is a cube, a prism or a cylindrical structure; the lateral width of the supporting neck (43) is smaller than the lateral widths of the connecting wing plate (41) and the mounting wing plate (42); the axial width of the supporting neck (43) is larger than the thickness of the limiting part (73).

5. The three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 4, characterized in that The cross-section of the supporting neck (43) is square, and the cross-section of the connecting wing plate (41) includes second straight-edge segments (411) arranged oppositely and arc surface segments (412) bending outward and connecting the second straight-edge segments (411).

6. The three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 5, characterized in that The central supporting part (4) is provided with a first cavity (44) having a T-shaped longitudinal section. The mounting wing plate (42) includes an annular structure (421) and wing edge structures (422) extending from the ports of the annular structure (421) to both sides.

7. The three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The arc diameter of the arc surface segment (412) is D3, and the maximum width of the cross-section of the supporting neck (43) is D5.

8. The design method of the three-way limit structure of the air spring according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that In the free state, there are gaps between the central support part (4) and the bearing part (72) and the limiting part (73). There is a gap H1 between the top plane of the limiting part (73) and the mounting wing plate (42), a gap H2 between the top plane of the connecting wing plate (41) and the limiting part (73), a gap T1 between the side part of the connecting wing plate (41) and the inner wall of the bearing part (72), and a lateral gap T2 between the inner wall of the limiting part (73) and the outer wall of the support neck (43); the axial compression limit of the mounting wing plate (42) is determined by the gap H1; the axial tension limit is determined by the gap H2; the lateral limit is determined by the gaps T1 and T2; the longitudinal limit is determined by the gap L; the gap L is the Z-direction distance from the second straight-edge section (411) to the transition bending part (734).

9. The design method of the three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 8, characterized in that, To ensure the normal operation of the three-way limiting device without interference, the following three conditions are satisfied simultaneously: D3 < D4; D3 + 2T1 < D2; D5 < D1.

10. An air spring system prepared by the design method of the three-way limit structure of the air spring according to claim 9, characterized in that, It further includes an upper cover plate (1), an upper snap ring (2), a lower snap ring (8), an airbag (9) and a fastening screw assembly; the connecting wing plate (41) of the central support part (4) is installed at the bottom of the upper cover plate (1); an airbag (9) is arranged between the upper cover plate (1) and the base (7), and an upper snap ring (2) and a lower snap ring (8) are arranged outside the airbag (9).

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