Waste mine restoration and comprehensive utilization system and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an abandoned mine restoration and comprehensive utilization system and method. The method comprises the steps that an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for conducting three-dimensional modeling and data collection on a target area; a platform-slope abrupt slope slow descending technology is adopted, and the rock wall gradient is reduced; formulating a soil improvement and vegetation recovery scheme according to survey data, and implementing reclamation operation; according to the abandoned mine restoration and comprehensive utilization method provided by the technical scheme, three-dimensional modeling and data acquisition of the overall situation of the mine are realized through unmanned aerial vehicle exploration based on exploration data and restoration effects, the exploration efficiency can be effectively improved, the exploration accuracy can be improved, the exploration cost can be reduced, and meanwhile, the economic benefit is improved. According to the technical scheme, through the abrupt slope slow descent technology of the platform-slope surface, the platform can serve as a construction platform, the construction environment is safer, and on the other hand, the multiple platforms divide the slope surface into the multiple slope sections, so that landslide, mountain rockfall and other natural disasters can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of land restoration, and in particular, to a system and method for the restoration and comprehensive utilization of abandoned mines. Background Art

[0002] An abandoned mine refers to land damaged during the process of mining or quarrying that cannot be used without certain treatment, also known as a mining waste land, and there are various pollutions caused by production on the waste land. Mine restoration is to repair the pollution of mining waste land, achieve the restoration of the damaged ecological environment, and the sustainable utilization of land resources.

[0003] China is a large country rich in mineral resources and has experienced a period of rapid development of the mining industry. However, large-scale development has brought ecological and environmental problems at the same time. Remote sensing investigation and monitoring data show that the land occupied and damaged by mine exploitation across the country is about more than 54 million mu, of which the land occupied and damaged by mines in operation is about more than 20 million mu, and the land occupied and damaged by historical legacy mines is about more than 34 million mu. Especially in the southern hilly areas, the damage to mountains and vegetation caused by mine exploitation is relatively serious, the natural habitats of wild animals and plants are damaged, and disasters such as landslides, mountain floods and collapse accidents occur from time to time. With the increasing promotion of ecological civilization construction, mine ecological restoration has become an important environmental governance issue. Traditional mine restoration technologies are difficult to cope with complex terrains (such as steep slopes, cliffs, etc.), and have low survey efficiency and high restoration costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.

[0005] To this end, in the first aspect of the present invention, a system for the restoration and comprehensive utilization of abandoned mines is provided.

[0006] In the second aspect of the present invention, a method for the restoration and comprehensive utilization of abandoned mines is provided.

[0007] In view of this, a system for the restoration and comprehensive utilization of abandoned mines provided in the first aspect of the present invention includes:

[0008] An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for surveying, which is used for data collection and three-dimensional modeling of the terrain to be restored;

[0009] An intelligent management platform, to which the data collected and the model built by the UAV for surveying are transmitted back;

[0010] A steep slope descent module, which is electrically connected to the intelligent management platform. When a steep slope appears in the terrain to be restored, the steep slope descent module analyzes the steep slope and proposes a steep slope descent plan;

[0011] Soil reclamation module, which is electrically connected to the intelligent management platform and is used for allocating and calculating the soil in the area to be repaired.

[0012] A method for the restoration and comprehensive utilization of abandoned mines provided by the second aspect of the present invention includes:

[0013] Using a drone to conduct three-dimensional modeling and data collection on the target area;

[0014] Adopting the platform-slope steep slope descent technology to reduce the slope of the rock wall;

[0015] According to the survey data, formulating a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan and implementing reclamation operations;

[0016] Optimizing the allocation of land resources based on the survey data and restoration effect.

[0017] In a feasible implementation manner, the using a drone to conduct three-dimensional modeling and data collection on the target area includes:

[0018] Using a positioning system to arrange the engineering project control network and image control points;

[0019] Using a drone to collect oblique photography data;

[0020] Combining the field geological survey data with the finite element analysis of rocks to conduct geological disaster investigation and quantitative and qualitative analysis.

[0021] In a feasible implementation manner, the adopting the steep slope descent technology to reduce the slope of the rock wall includes:

[0022] Using three-dimensional site design software and the obtained point cloud data file to generate a regional triangular mesh surface;

[0023] Designing the surface after descent;

[0024] Rasterizing the regional triangular mesh surface and the designed surface after descent;

[0025] Calculating the earthwork volume of the site;

[0026] Generating a budget list.

[0027] In a feasible implementation manner, the designing the surface after descent includes:

[0028] Designing the total slope angle;

[0029] Designing the slope height of a single slope section;

[0030] Designing the slope depth of a single slope section;

[0031] Setting a platform between adjacent slope sections.

[0032] In a feasible implementation manner, the setting of a platform between adjacent slope sections includes:

[0033] Design the width of the platform;

[0034] When the number of platforms exceeds five levels, a widened platform is set in the middle, and the width of the widened platform is 1.5 times the designed platform width.

[0035] In a feasible implementation manner, the formulating of a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan based on the survey data and the implementation of the reclamation operation include:

[0036] Strip the topsoil of the mountain body in the treatment area;

[0037] Incorporate the eutrophic silt in the river regulation into the soil improvement;

[0038] Stack and decompose the straw and apply it to the soil;

[0039] Remove the clay, coarse sand, stones, soil clods, weeds, and harmful seeds contained in the soil;

[0040] Apply the improved soil to the greening soil covering.

[0041] In a feasible implementation manner, the applying of the improved soil to the greening soil covering includes:

[0042] Set a first rock retaining wall on the outside of the platform;

[0043] The platform inclines towards the slope surface;

[0044] Green the soil covering in the form of tree planting pits on the platform;

[0045] Set a greening land with a width of 6 m on the slope surface of the slope, and the depth of the soil covering for the greening land is 0.8 m to 1.2 m;

[0046] Set a second rock retaining wall at the connection between the platform and the slope surface of the slope, and the height of the second rock retaining wall is 1.8 m to 2.2 m.

[0047] In a feasible implementation manner, the optimizing of the land resource allocation based on the survey data and the restoration effect includes:

[0048] Regularly take samples to detect the greening soil covering of each slope surface and platform;

[0049] When the greening soil covering does not meet the standard, improve the greening soil covering again.

[0050] In a feasible implementation manner, the regularly taking samples to detect the greening soil covering of each slope surface and platform includes;

[0051] Detect whether the gravel content of the greening soil covering does not exceed 30%;

[0052] Check whether the organic matter content of the greening soil covering is not less than 1%;

[0053] Check whether the pH value of the greening soil covering is between 5.5 and 8.5;

[0054] Check whether the bulk density of the greening soil covering does not exceed 1.5 g / cm 3 .

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: A method for repairing and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines is proposed according to an embodiment of the present application, including: using an unmanned aerial vehicle to perform three-dimensional modeling and data collection on a target area; adopting a platform-slope steep slope descent technology to reduce the slope of the rock wall; formulating a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan according to the survey data and implementing reclamation operations; optimizing the allocation of land resources based on the survey data and the repair effect.

[0056] The method for repairing and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines proposed by this technical solution realizes three-dimensional modeling and data collection of the overall situation of the mine through unmanned aerial vehicle survey, which can effectively improve the survey efficiency, improve the survey accuracy, and reduce the survey cost. At the same time, this technical solution proposes a steep slope descent technology through the platform-slope. On the one hand, when restoring and utilizing the mountain body, the platform can be used as a construction platform, enabling construction equipment to be set on a relatively flat ground, and the construction environment for construction personnel is also safer. On the other hand, the platform can be used as a buffer point. When the slope above the platform is disturbed and gravel rolls down, the gravel can be accumulated on the platform. Several platforms divide the slope into several slope segments, which can effectively prevent the gravel on the entire slope from rolling and accumulating at the foot of the mountain, and can effectively reduce natural disasters such as landslides and rockfalls on the mountain. Description of the Drawings

[0057] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present application. Moreover, throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural block diagram of a system for repairing and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to an embodiment provided by the present application;

[0059] Figure 2 It is a schematic step flow chart of a method for repairing and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to an embodiment provided by the present application;

[0060] Figure 3 It is a construction schematic diagram of adopting the platform-slope steep slope descent technology according to an embodiment provided by the present application.

[0061] Among them,Figure 1 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals in the drawings and the component names is as follows:

[0062] 100, unmanned aerial vehicle for survey; 200, intelligent management platform; 300, steep slope descent module; 400, soil reclamation module. Detailed implementation manners

[0063] To better understand the above technical solution, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below through the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific features in the embodiments of the present application and the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present application. Without conflict, the technical features in the embodiments of the present application and the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0064] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a system for abandoned mine restoration and comprehensive utilization is proposed, including: an unmanned aerial vehicle 100 for survey, the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 for collecting data and performing three-dimensional modeling on the terrain to be restored; an intelligent management platform 200, the data collected and modeled by the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 are transmitted back to the intelligent management platform 200; a steep slope descent module 300, the steep slope descent module 300 is electrically connected to the intelligent management platform 200, when there is a steep slope in the terrain to be restored, the steep slope descent module 300 analyzes the steep slope and proposes a steep slope descent plan; a soil reclamation module 400, the soil reclamation module 400 is electrically connected to the intelligent management platform 200, and the soil reclamation module 400 is used for distributing and calculating the soil in the area to be restored.

[0065] The system for abandoned mine restoration and comprehensive utilization provided by the embodiments of the present application includes an unmanned aerial vehicle 100 for survey, an intelligent management platform 200, a steep slope descent module 300, and a soil reclamation module 400.

[0066] During use, the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 for survey flies and scans the abandoned mine to be restored, performs three-dimensional modeling on the scanned data, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 for survey transmits the surveyed data to the intelligent management platform 200.

[0067] Among them, the intelligent management platform 200 integrates to obtain a three-dimensional model of the abandoned mine to be restored, and at the same time summarizes and extracts various data of the abandoned mine to be restored, including the slope of the mine, the height of the mine, the vegetation, soil, and rivers on the mine facade, etc.

[0068] Among them, the intelligent management platform 200 is electrically connected to the steep slope descent module 300. The steep slope descent module 300 is used to analyze the vertical surface of the mine to be repaired with an angle greater than 70°, calculate the vertical surface model after descent, compare the models before and after descent, calculate the excavated earthwork volume and the construction budget, and transmit the model and data calculated by the steep slope descent module 300 back to the intelligent management platform 200.

[0069] Among them, the intelligent management platform 200 is electrically connected to the soil reclamation module 400. The intelligent management platform 200 transmits the model obtained by the steep slope descent module 300 to the soil reclamation module 400. The soil reclamation module 400 calculates the amount of planting soil required for backfilling and covering according to the model after descent, and designs a plan to apply the waste mine itself and nearby eutrophic silt, straw, etc. to fertilize the planting soil.

[0070] The waste mine repair and comprehensive utilization system is composed of the above components, realizing the survey and design of the waste mine from modeling to descent and then to reclamation, so as to realize the restoration and utilization of the mine.

[0071] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, according to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a waste mine repair and comprehensive utilization method is proposed, including:

[0072] Step 001: Use a drone to perform three-dimensional modeling and data collection on the target area;

[0073] Step 002: Adopt the platform-slope steep slope descent technology to reduce the slope of the rock wall;

[0074] Step 003: According to the survey data, formulate a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan and implement the reclamation operation;

[0075] Step 004: Optimize the land resource allocation based on the survey data and the repair effect.

[0076] The waste mine repair and comprehensive utilization method provided in this embodiment includes three-dimensional modeling and data collection of the target area by a drone. This method uses a drone to model and survey the target area. This survey method has high efficiency, low cost, and good survey results. Among them, the information that the drone needs to collect in addition to three-dimensional modeling includes the soil conditions of each area of the target.

[0077] After completing the survey and data collection of the waste mine, based on the data collected by the drone, the slope of the rock wall is reduced by the platform-slope steep slope descent technology. Among them, the platform-slope steep slope descent technology is to excavate the steep vertical surface into a Figure 3 descending slope surface with several platforms and small slopes as shown. This method can not only effectively reduce the slope of the slope surface, but also create platforms for operation, and can effectively realize the safe operation of equipment and personnel on the ramp.

[0078] After completing the slow descent operation on the steep slope, a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan can be formulated based on the mountain soil and topography provided by the drone, and the reclamation operation can be carried out. During the reclamation operation, the platform can also be relied on to improve the safety of the staff and equipment.

[0079] After the mountain reclamation operation is completed, it is necessary to continuously survey the restoration situation of the mountain, record and evaluate the restoration effect. If the restoration effect does not meet the expectations, it is necessary to reconfigure the land resources until the mine restoration reaches the target effect. This technical solution further improves the stability of the mine restoration.

[0080] The method for repairing and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines proposed in this technical solution realizes three-dimensional modeling and data collection of the overall situation of the mine through drone survey, which can effectively improve the survey efficiency, improve the survey accuracy, and reduce the survey cost. At the same time, this technical solution proposes a steep slope slow descent technology through the platform-slope. On the one hand, when restoring and utilizing the mountain, the platform can be used as a construction platform, enabling construction equipment to be set on a relatively flat ground, and the construction environment of the construction personnel is also safer. On the other hand, the platform can be used as a buffer point. When the slope above the platform is disturbed and gravel rolls down, the gravel can be piled up on the platform. Several platforms divide the slope into several slope segments, which can effectively prevent the gravel on the overall slope from rolling down and piling up at the foot of the mountain, and can effectively reduce natural disasters such as landslides and rockfalls on the mountain.

[0081] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, the three-dimensional modeling and data collection of the target area using the drone include: using a positioning system to set up an engineering project control network and image control points; using a drone to collect oblique photography data; combining field geological survey data with finite element analysis of rocks to conduct geological hazard surveys and quantitative and qualitative analyses.

[0082] In this technical solution, by using a positioning system to set up an engineering project control network and image control points, this setting can correct the problems of position deviation and too low coordinate accuracy caused by limited positioning or electromagnetic interference when the drone surveys the mountain, and can ensure the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0083] At the same time, this technical solution uses the Beidou-RTK system to set up an engineering project control network and image control points; uses a drone to collect oblique photography data to obtain high-quality aerial photos at low cost; uses finite element analysis software for rocks and combines mine geological survey data to conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses of geological hazard surveys.

[0084] As Figures 1 - 3As shown, the use of the hill descent control technology to reduce the slope of the rock wall includes: generating a regional triangular mesh surface using 3D site design software and the acquired point cloud data file; designing the surface after descent; rasterizing and calculating the regional triangular mesh surface and the designed surface after descent; calculating the earthwork volume of the site; and generating a budget list.

[0085] In this technical solution, based on the data measured by the drone, a regional triangular mesh surface of the mine can be generated using 3D site design software and the acquired point cloud data file, and the surface after the descent construction can be designed according to the mine geological survey data. Then, the triangular mesh surface and the designed surface after descent are calculated through rasterization. By subtracting the earthwork volume of the mountain body model after descent from the earthwork volume of the mountain body model before descent, the earthwork volume generated during the descent operation can be obtained, and thus the budget list can be calculated.

[0086] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, the design of the surface after descent includes: designing the total slope angle; designing the slope height of a single-layer slope section; designing the slope depth of a single-layer slope section; and setting a platform between adjacent slope sections.

[0087] In this embodiment, the main lithologies of the rocks in this mining area are limestone and shale. Referring to relevant geotechnical reference materials and the engineering survey data of adjacent similar projects, the slope angle of the rock edge is tentatively designed at 70°. According to the rock hardness and the mechanical conditions suitable for construction, the slope height of the slope is taken as 10m. Considering the characteristics of the vertical facade angle and large height difference, a slope ratio of 1:0.35 is adopted for the slope, with each level having a height of 10m and a slope depth of 3.5m. Under this setting, the slope surface is stable and smooth, and new dangerous rock masses can be effectively prevented from generating.

[0088] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, the setting of a platform between adjacent slope sections includes: designing the platform width; when the number of platforms exceeds five levels, a widened platform is set in the middle, and the width of the widened platform is 1.5 times the designed platform width.

[0089] In this technical solution, when the number of platforms exceeds 5 levels, the slope needs to be further slowed down, and the setting of the widened platform can increase the bearing capacity of the slope section above the widened platform for the rolling sand and gravel.

[0090] In this embodiment, the designed width of the platform is 3.5m, and the designed width of the widened platform is 4.5m.

[0091] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, according to the survey data, formulating a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan and implementing the reclamation operation includes: stripping the topsoil of the mountain body in the treatment area; participating the eutrophic silt in the river regulation in soil improvement; applying the decomposed straw to the soil; removing the clay, coarse sand, stones, soil clods, weeds, and harmful seeds contained in the soil; and applying the improved soil to the greening soil covering.

[0092] In this technical solution, according to the survey data, a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan is formulated. The implementation of the reclamation operation specifically includes soil reconstruction technology. The soil reconstruction technology specifically involves stripping the topsoil of the mountain in the treatment area to reduce the amount of imported soil, thereby reducing the difficulty of importing soil. Coordinate the treatment of eutrophic silt in the "Three Rivers" river channels to participate in soil improvement; and make full use of the local mountain resources to increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure through advanced agricultural technologies such as straw returning to the field, "straw-carbon-fertilizer" returning to the field for soil improvement, and deep plowing and leveling.

[0093] This technical solution retrieves resources as close as possible to the mine to be repaired. Through the river channel resources and straw resources near the mine, the land is fertilized and used as the greening soil cover for mine restoration, thereby improving the control of resource utilization rate.

[0094] In this embodiment, in-situ and ex-situ methods, as well as physical, chemical, and microbial remediation technologies, are adopted to implement a comprehensive soil remediation and treatment plan for the local soil after construction. After adopting this technology, the total porosity of the soil can be increased from the original 30% to 50%, which can improve the water absorption capacity of the soil; and the pH value of the soil can be improved from 4 - 6 to 7 - 9.

[0095] It can be understood that soil improvers can still be incorporated into the greening soil cover. Materials with a relatively large specific surface area are used in the soil improvers. The particles are negatively charged, with good physical adsorption properties and surface chemical activity, and can combine with cations in the soil to reduce harmful substances, increase soil organic matter, and improve soil structure.

[0096] It can be understood that the eutrophic silt in the river channel needs to be tested and pretreated first, and after meeting the standards, it can be incorporated into the greening soil cover to avoid components such as radioactive substances in the silt that are unfavorable to vegetation growth.

[0097] Such as Figures 1 - 3 As shown, the application of the improved soil to the greening soil cover includes: setting a first rock retaining wall on the outside of the platform; the platform inclines towards the slope surface; the platform is greened and covered with soil in the form of tree pits; a 6m-wide greening area is set on the slope surface, and the soil cover in the greening area is 0.8m to 1.2m deep; a second rock retaining wall is set at the connection between the platform and the slope surface, and the height of the second rock retaining wall is 1.8m to 2.2m.

[0098] In this technical solution, a small rock retaining wall is set outside the steps. The steps inside the wall incline slightly inward to prevent soil erosion, and the steps are greened and covered with soil in the form of tree pits. In this embodiment, a 6m-wide protective greening area is reserved at the bottom of the slope, the soil cover depth is about 1.0m, and a 2m-high rock retaining wall is set on the outside. This setting can further improve the interception ability of rolling mountain rocks on the slope section and further improve the stability of this mine restoration plan.

[0099] Such as Figures 1 - 3As shown, the optimization of land resource allocation based on survey data and restoration effects includes: regularly sampling and detecting the greening soil covering of each slope and platform; when the greening soil covering does not meet the standards, improving the greening soil covering again.

[0100] In this technical solution, since the greening soil covering needs a period of fermentation and reaction to achieve fertilization through river silt and straw returning to the field. Therefore, it is impossible to immediately judge whether the greening soil covering is qualified. Sampling and investigating the greening soil covering should be carried out after a period of reaction of the greening soil covering to determine whether the greening soil covering meets the standards. If the greening soil covering does not meet the standards, means such as adding more river silt, straw ash, and chemical fertilizers can be used to achieve the standard of the greening soil covering.

[0101] Such as Figures 1 - 3 As shown, the regular sampling and detecting of the greening soil covering of each slope and platform includes: detecting whether the gravel content of the greening soil covering does not exceed 30%; detecting whether the organic matter content of the greening soil covering is not less than 1%; detecting whether the pH value of the greening soil covering is between 5.5 and 8.5; detecting whether the bulk density of the greening soil covering does not exceed 1.5 g / cm 3 。

[0102] In this technical solution, various indicators of the greening soil covering are defined. After a period of reaction and fermentation, if the greening soil covering can meet the above indicator requirements, the greening soil covering can meet the vegetation planting for mine restoration. If a certain indicator is unqualified, the monitoring personnel can take corresponding measures to further fertilize the greening soil covering.

[0103] In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plural" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. Terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0104] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0105] In the description of this specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or instance. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0106] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An abandoned mine restoration and comprehensive utilization system, characterized in that, It includes: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for surveying, which is used for data collection and three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the terrain to be repaired; An intelligent management platform, to which the data collected and the modeling results by the surveying UAV are transmitted back; A steep slope descent module, which is electrically connected to the intelligent management platform. When a steep slope appears in the terrain to be repaired, the steep slope is analyzed by the steep slope descent module, and a steep slope descent plan is proposed; A soil reclamation module, which is electrically connected to the intelligent management platform and is used for the distribution and calculation of the soil in the area to be repaired.

2. A method for the restoration and comprehensive utilization of abandoned mines, characterized in that, It includes: Using a UAV to conduct 3D modeling and data collection of the target area; Adopting the platform-slope steep slope descent technology to reduce the slope of the rock wall; According to the survey data, formulating a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan and implementing the reclamation operation; Based on the survey data and the repair effect, optimizing the allocation of land resources.

3. The method for abandoned mine restoration and comprehensive utilization according to claim 2, wherein, The using a UAV to conduct 3D modeling and data collection of the target area includes: Adopting a positioning system to set up the engineering project control network and image control points; Using a UAV to collect oblique photography data; Combining the field geological survey data with the finite element analysis of rocks to conduct geological disaster investigation and quantitative and qualitative analysis.

4. The method for restoring and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to claim 2, wherein The adopting the steep slope descent technology to reduce the slope of the rock wall includes: Using 3D site design software and the obtained point cloud data file to generate a regional triangular mesh surface; Designing the surface after the slope descent; Rasterizing and calculating the regional triangular mesh surface and the designed surface after the slope descent; Calculating the earthwork volume of the site; Generating a budget list.

5. The method for repairing and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to claim 4, wherein The designing the surface after the slope descent includes: Designing the total slope angle; Designing the slope height of a single-layer slope section; Designing the slope depth of a single-layer slope section; Setting a platform between adjacent slope sections.

6. The method for the restoration and comprehensive utilization of abandoned mines according to claim 5, wherein, The setting a platform between adjacent slope sections includes: Designing the platform width; When the number of platforms exceeds five, a widened platform is set in the middle, and the width of the widened platform is 1.5 times the designed platform width.

7. The method for restoring and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to claim 5, characterized in that The according to the survey data, formulating a soil improvement and vegetation restoration plan and implementing the reclamation operation includes: Stripping the topsoil of the mountain body in the treatment area; Involving the eutrophic silt in the river regulation in the soil improvement; Stacking and composting straw and applying it to the soil; Removing the clay, coarse sand, stones, soil clods, weeds, and harmful seeds contained in the soil; Applying the improved soil to the greening soil covering.

8. The method for restoring and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, The applying the improved soil to the greening soil covering includes: Setting a first rock retaining wall outside the platform; Tilting the platform towards the slope surface; Greening and covering the soil on the platform in the form of tree planting pits; Setting a 6-m-wide greening land on the slope surface, and the depth of the soil covering in the greening land is 0.8 m to 1.2 m; Setting a second rock retaining wall at the connection between the platform and the slope surface, and the height of the second rock retaining wall is 1.8 m to 2.2 m.

9. The method for repairing and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, The based on the survey data and the repair effect, optimizing the allocation of land resources includes: Regularly sampling and detecting the greening soil covering of each slope surface and platform; When the greening soil covering does not meet the standard, improving the greening soil covering again.

10. The method for restoring and comprehensively utilizing abandoned mines according to claim 9, characterized in that, The regularly sampling and detecting the greening soil covering of each slope surface and platform includes; Detecting whether the gravel content of the greening soil covering does not exceed 30%; Detecting whether the organic matter content of the greening soil covering is not less than 1%; Detecting whether the pH value of the greening soil covering is between 5.5 and 8.5; Check whether the bulk density of the greening soil cover does not exceed 1.5 g / cm 3 .

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