A method for constructing suitable habitat and precisely restoring vegetation in a reservoir drawdown zone

Abstract

The application provides a reservoir drawdown zone suitable habitat construction and precise vegetation restoration method, which comprises the following steps: S1, reservoir drawdown zone habitat suitability analysis; S2, reservoir drawdown zone vertical function partition; S3, microtopography regulation; S4, vegetation restoration species selection and partition function configuration. The application fully considers the reservoir periodic flooding rhythm and site environment difference, combines the partition prominent problems, screens the tree-shrub-grass vegetation, and optimizes the partition configuration, so that the functions and benefits such as soil fixation, bank protection, sand interception, pollution interception, water quality protection and biodiversity maintenance are maximized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment technology, and in particular to a method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir. Background Technology

[0002] The upper reaches of the Yangtze River are an important hydropower base in my country, and a world-class large-scale cascade reservoir system has been planned and constructed. The reservoir drawdown zone refers to the area of ​​water level fluctuation formed in the river section where the reservoir is built due to water level changes caused by reservoir operation. It is a water-land transition zone connecting the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem and the reservoir water body, and also a key zone for the interaction and coupling of matter and energy between the river and the terrestrial ecosystem.

[0003] Vegetation is a crucial structural and functional unit of the reservoir drawdown zone ecosystem, providing key ecological functions such as soil stabilization and bank protection, sediment interception and pollution control, runoff regulation, and biodiversity maintenance. Therefore, vegetation restoration is an important pathway for rebuilding the structure and function of the reservoir drawdown zone ecosystem. Current vegetation restoration efforts in the Three Gorges Reservoir drawdown zone have involved the selection and breeding of dominant, stress-resistant species, and restoration experiments with different dominant species have been conducted. However, the vegetation restoration model is extensive, the community structure is monotonous, and excessive plant restoration may lead to secondary water pollution risks. Furthermore, there is a lack of tailored vegetation restoration configurations based on different site conditions and ecological function differences in different zones; and existing ecological slope protection methods are not conducive to maintaining the aesthetic requirements of the drawdown zone landscape. Therefore, based on the synergistic symbiosis between environmental and biological elements, developing a suitable habitat construction and precise vegetation restoration method for the reservoir drawdown zone is of great significance for rebuilding the comprehensive ecological function of the drawdown zones of the upper Yangtze River cascade reservoirs, maintaining the ecological health of the river / reservoir bank interface, and realizing the comprehensive economic, social, and ecological benefits of hydropower projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, and in particular, it innovatively proposes a method for constructing suitable habitats and accurately restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of this invention, this invention provides a method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, Habitat suitability analysis of the reservoir drawdown zone;

[0007] S2, Vertical functional zoning of the reservoir drawdown zone;

[0008] S3, Micro-topography improvement;

[0009] S4, vegetation restoration species selection and zoning function configuration.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 includes:

[0011] Habitat (ecological environment) characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone (showing different flooding rhythms): the land formation period of 170m to 175m is from March to October, with early exposure and a duration of up to 300 days. At the same time, the alternating effects of wave erosion during the flooding period and rainfall runoff erosion during the land formation period exacerbate the loss and leaching of the top 0 to 10 cm of soil in the functional area.

[0012] The 160m-170m elevation gradually forms land from April to October, lasting for about 200 days. The erosion intensity decreases in this elevation range, but it is accompanied by the deposition of suspended sediment from upstream and erosion products on the slope, resulting in complex habitat conditions.

[0013] Land gradually forms between May and October at depths of 150m to 160m. As a result, water flow velocity decreases and the water's ability to carry sediment weakens, leading to an increase in the deposition of some suspended and bedload sediments. This reduces surface light and oxygen permeability, and accelerates the accumulation of heavy metals or pollutants.

[0014] The elevation section below 150m is affected by the superposition of reservoir hydrological rhythm and summer natural flood peak process, and is susceptible to the effects of reservoir bank reconstruction processes such as wave erosion and collapse and landslide, which leads to the deterioration of soil mechanical properties, increased soil structure instability, and aggravation of soil and water loss problems.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes: based on the hydrological rhythms such as the duration of reservoir flooding and the timing of emergence, as well as the ecological function characteristics of vegetation in different sections, the drawdown zone from 175m to 145m is divided into a soil conservation zone of 170-175m, a sand-blocking zone of 160-170m, a buffer zone of 150-160m, and a natural recovery zone of 145-150m.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes: after clearing invasive weeds inside the reservoir drawdown zone, carrying out local land preparation work; due to the large slope of the soil conservation functional area, on the basis of vegetation restoration, pit-type land preparation is adopted to improve the soil, fertilizer and water conservation capacity of the area; wherein, the pit-type land preparation pit and the tree are 1m apart in vertical height, and the specifications are 0.4m×0.4m×0.4m; the pit surface is level with the original slope surface, and the side elevation of the pit has a certain angle with the horizontal plane; in order to prevent erosion and collapse at the sharp corner of the pit-type land preparation pit, the pit-type land preparation pit is connected to the original slope surface in an arc shape; planting soil is laid at the bottom of the pit, and herbaceous plants with pollution reduction and pollution fixation capabilities are planted; the original micro-topography of the remaining functional areas is preserved.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes: the soil conservation functional zone mainly adopts a multi-layered mixed forest-wetland belt configuration of trees, shrubs, and grasses to form a multi-layered vertical distribution pattern of pseudo-natural vegetation communities. Deep-rooted trees are planted to meet water conservation benefits at the canopy scale; sparsely planted water-tolerant shrubs are planted, and a layer of fibrous-rooted monocotyledonous perennial herbs with dense root networks is configured. At the understory scale, the root system reinforces and anchors the topsoil through consolidation, and the wave-damping and erosion-reducing effects of the ground cover are utilized to reduce the erosion process of the bank slope, thus meeting the soil stabilization and bank protection benefits of the area. Tree species are selected from among pond cypress, bamboo willow, bald cypress, and poplar; shrubs are selected from among mulberry, autumn willow, and Chinese ant mother; fibrous-rooted monocotyledonous perennials are selected from among bermudagrass, bullwhip, double-spike paspalum, goosegrass, and wild yam. The tree planting density is 4m × 6m, the understory shrub planting density is 5 trees / square meter, and the herbaceous coverage is >80%.

[0018] The sand-trapping functional area mainly adopts a planting strategy of interspersed shrubs and grasses. Given the complex habitat conditions in this area, it is necessary to increase vegetation species diversity and construct mutually beneficial communities to enhance the ecosystem's self-stability. Simultaneously, herbaceous plants with sand-trapping capabilities are selected, maintaining reasonable density and coverage to regulate and filter uphill erosion products and transform non-point source pollutants, thus meeting the area's sand-trapping, pollution interception, and water quality protection benefits. Shrubs are selected from among mulberry, *Salix matsudana*, and *Anemone sinensis*; herbaceous plants are selected from among *Cynodon dactylon*, *Polygonum multiflorum*, and *Paspalum notatum*, with a shrub planting density of 5 plants / square meter and herbaceous coverage >80%.

[0019] The buffer zone primarily employs a dominant herbaceous plant configuration. The deposition of suspended river sediment in the buffer zone creates open, gently sloping river terraces. Excessive sediment deposition reduces surface light and oxygen permeability, burying vegetation and decreasing survival rate and cover. Simultaneously, as a carrier for adsorbing heavy metals or pollutants, slope sediment accumulates on flat terraces under runoff erosion, hindering vegetation recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to select herbaceous plants with strong flood tolerance, capable of resisting sediment burial, and possessing pollution reduction and consolidation properties to improve vegetation survival rate and meet the benefits of sediment interception and pollution reduction in the buffer zone. The selected herbaceous plants include one or more of Bermuda grass, *Cynodon dactylon*, *Alternanthera philoxeroides*, *Vegetaria lobata*, and *Cyperus rotundus*, with a herbaceous coverage >60%.

[0020] The 145-150m section is the permanent reservoir area. Due to the late emergence and short land formation period, coupled with soil erosion and stripping, it is difficult to carry out artificial plant construction. Therefore, natural restoration methods or artificial sowing of suitable grass species are adopted to promote vegetation restoration.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone in step S1 is as follows:

[0022] Habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone were obtained by using video data and / or image data collected by drones.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for a drone to transmit video data to a cloud platform includes the following steps:

[0024] S11, the drone determines whether the recorded video has reached a preset time threshold:

[0025] If the video recorded by the camera on the drone reaches the preset time threshold, proceed to the next step;

[0026] If the video recorded by the camera on the drone does not reach the preset time threshold, the camera on the drone will continue to record.

[0027] S12, Determine if the video data to be uploaded is greater than the set upload size threshold:

[0028] If the video data to be uploaded exceeds the set upload size threshold, the video data to be uploaded will be divided into... The data is divided into three parts: the first part of the video data, the second part of the video data, the third part of the video data, ..., the third part of the video data. Divide the video data, the It is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. ∪ ∪ ∪……∪ = , ∩ = , ∈{1,2,3,……,K}, This indicates the first segment of video data. This indicates the second segment of video data. This indicates the third segment of video data. Indicates the first Divide the video data. This indicates the video data to be uploaded; Indicates the first Divide the video data. Indicates the first Segmenting video data;

[0029] S13, the drone requests K video codes from the cloud platform, namely the 1st video code, the 2nd video code, the 3rd video code, ..., the Kth video code. After receiving the request, the cloud platform generates K video codes, sends them to the drone, and stores them in the cloud platform database. The method by which the cloud platform generates K video codes is as follows:

[0030] ,

[0031] in, Indicates the first Video code;

[0032] This indicates the method for calculating the video code; here, the video code is calculated using the SHA-1 hash digest method, and the result is a 16-bit hexadecimal character code.

[0033] Indicates the drone's serial number;

[0034] Indicates a character concatenation operator;

[0035] This indicates the moment when the cloud platform receives a request for K video codes;

[0036] Indicates the serial number. =1, 2, 3, ..., K;

[0037] S14, using the first Video code as the first After naming the segmented video data, it is uploaded to the cloud platform. Specifically, the first video code is used as the name of the first segmented video data, the second video code is used as the name of the second segmented video data, the third video code is used as the name of the third segmented video data, and so on. Video code as the first After dividing the video data into video names, it uploads them to the cloud platform. After receiving the video data sent by the drone, the cloud platform extracts the video names from the video data and deletes the extracted video names from the cloud platform database. If the K video codes stored in the cloud platform database are not completely deleted, it means that the drone has not successfully uploaded all K divided video data. Then the cloud platform requests the drone to send the divided video data corresponding to the remaining video codes in the cloud platform database.

[0038] S15, the cloud platform combines the received K segmented video data into original video data according to the recording order, and then splices the original video data after the total video data of the previous day to form the total video data of the day. Based on the total video data (the total video data composed of daily video segments recorded over 2 to 5 years in chronological order), the habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone are determined.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the cloud platform receives image data, the following steps are performed on the received image data:

[0040] S11, the cloud platform performs color discrimination on the image data collected by the drone:

[0041] If the image data collected by the drone is in color, then the color image is converted into a grayscale image; the method for converting a color image into a grayscale image includes the following steps:

[0042] S111, Form the images into an image array:

[0043] ,

[0044] in, This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the first row and first column.

[0045] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 1st row and 2nd column.

[0046] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 1st row and 3rd column.

[0047] Indicates the first line, the The RGB value of the pixel in the column; This indicates the total number of pixels in the horizontal direction of the image;

[0048] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 2nd row and 1st column.

[0049] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 2nd row and 2nd column.

[0050] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 2nd row and 3rd column.

[0051] Indicates the second line, the The RGB value of the pixel in the column;

[0052] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 3rd row and 1st column.

[0053] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 3rd row and 2nd column.

[0054] This represents the RGB value of the pixel located in the 3rd row and 3rd column.

[0055] Indicates the 3rd line, The RGB value of the pixel in the column;

[0056] Indicates the first The RGB value of the pixel in the first row and first column; This represents the total number of pixels in the vertical direction of the image;

[0057] Indicates the first The RGB value of the pixel in the second column of the row;

[0058] Indicates the first The RGB value of the pixel in the third column of the row;

[0059] Indicates the first Line number The RGB value of the pixel in the column; let =1, =1;

[0060] S112, ,

[0061] in, Indicates the first Line number Replace the RGB values ​​of the pixels in the column with gray values;

[0062] Indicates the first Line number The R value of the pixel in the column;

[0063] Indicates the first Line number The G value of the pixel in the column;

[0064] Indicates the first Line number The B value of the pixel in the column;

[0065] The proportionality coefficient representing the R-value; 0 ≤ ≤1;

[0066] The proportionality constant representing the value of G; 0 ≤ ≤1;

[0067] The proportionality coefficient representing the value of B; 0 ≤ ≤1; and + + =1;

[0068] S113, Determine and The size relationship between them:

[0069] like < ,but = +1; Return to step S112;

[0070] like ≥ If so, proceed to the next step;

[0071] S114, Determine and The size relationship between them:

[0072] like < ,but = +1; =1; Return to step S112;

[0073] like ≥ If the image is not fully captured, proceed to the next image; continue until all captured image data is grayscale before proceeding to the next step.

[0074] If the image data collected by the drone is a grayscale image, proceed to the next step;

[0075] S12, at the same time and angle Convert a grayscale image to a uniform grayscale image, representing images taken at the same time and angle. The method for converting a grayscale image to a grayscale uniform image is as follows:

[0076] S121, order =1, =1, =1; =1, =1;

[0077] S122, will Put into the first Line number In the column set; Indicates the first at the same time and angle The grayscale image in the first Line number The gray value of the pixel in the column;

[0078] S123, Determine and The size relationship between them:

[0079] like < ,but = +1; Return to step S122;

[0080] like ≥ ,but =1; Proceed to the next step;

[0081] S124, Determine and The size relationship between them:

[0082] like < ,but = +1; Return to step S122;

[0083] like ≥ ,but =1; Proceed to the next step;

[0084] S125, Judgment and The size relationship between them:

[0085] like < ,but = +1; Return to step S122;

[0086] like ≥ If so, proceed to the next step;

[0087] S126, the first Line number Column set The gray values ​​in the image are arranged in descending order. This indicates that the first grayscale image at the same time and angle is in the [missing information]. Line number The gray value of the pixel in the column. This represents the second grayscale image at the same time and angle. Line number The gray value of the pixel in the column. This represents the third grayscale image at the same time and angle. Line number The gray value of the pixel in the column. Indicates the first at the same time and angle The grayscale image in the first Line number The gray value of the pixel in the column;

[0088] S127, ,

[0089] in, In a gray uniform image, the first... Line number The gray value of the pixel in the column;

[0090] Indicates the first Line number Column set The gray values ​​in the image are arranged in descending order and then placed in... The gray value of the bit;

[0091] Indicates the first Line number Column set The gray values ​​in the image are arranged in descending order and then placed in... The gray value of the bit; < < Generally speaking, =2, = -1;

[0092] Indicates the first Line number Column set The gray values ​​in the image are arranged in descending order and then placed in... The gray value of the bit;

[0093] S128, Determine and The size relationship between them:

[0094] like < ,but = +1; Return to step S126;

[0095] like ≥ If so, proceed to the next step;

[0096] S129, judgment and The size relationship between them:

[0097] like < ,but = +1; =1; Return to step S126;

[0098] like ≥ If so, proceed to the next step;

[0099] S13, the original image corresponding to the image containing pixels between the first set grayscale threshold and the second set grayscale threshold is retained, and the second set grayscale threshold is greater than the first set grayscale threshold. This image is used as the viewing image to obtain the habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone. Other images are deleted.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drone includes a drone body, within which is a printed circuit board mounting bracket for fixing a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board is fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket. A controller, a GPS module, and a wireless transceiver module are mounted on the printed circuit board. The GPS module is used to locate the drone's geographical position. The wireless transceiver module is used for data interaction between the drone and a cloud platform. The controller is used for controlling and processing the drone and processing other data. The controller's position data terminal is connected to the GPS module's position data terminal, and the controller's data transceiver terminal is connected to the wireless transceiver module's data transceiver terminal. The drone also includes a camera mounted on its body. The camera is used to capture video directly below the drone during flight. When the drone flies to the location where the video and / or image to be recorded is to be captured, it transmits the recorded video and / or captured image to the cloud platform.

[0101] In summary, by adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following effects:

[0102] (1) Highlighting key issues in zoning, emphasizing species matching, optimizing layout and configuration, and maximizing ecological functions. This invention obtains the periodic flooding rhythm and site environment differences of the reservoir through video data collected by drones. Combined with key issues in zoning, it selects tree-shrub-grass vegetation and optimizes zoning configuration to maximize the functional benefits of soil stabilization and bank protection, sand interception and pollution interception, water quality protection and biodiversity maintenance.

[0103] (2) Adopting local land preparation methods to create favorable habitat conditions, improve the soil environment, enhance soil productivity, and achieve soil matrix conservation. Based on the topographic characteristics of the drawdown zone, pit-type land preparation is used, which not only avoids the disturbance to the soil caused by traditional land preparation methods, but also enhances the slope's ability to retain water, soil and fertilizer, and maintains a positive interaction between vegetation and soil.

[0104] (3) Following the logical approach of optimizing structure, process and function, it emphasizes the organic integration of ecological elements and spatial structure, and carries out collaborative design of microhabitat construction and vegetation zoning optimization configuration, which can meet the multifunctional needs of the drawdown zone and has certain landscape aesthetic value.

[0105] (4) To achieve suitable growth of vegetation in the drawdown zone and sustainable development of the ecosystem.

[0106] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0107] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0108] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical functional area division of the present invention.

[0109] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pit structure of the present invention.

[0110] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the tree-shrub-grass configuration in the soil conservation functional area of ​​the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0111] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0112] A method for constructing suitable habitats and restoring vegetation in different zones of a reservoir drawdown zone includes the following steps:

[0113] (1) Analysis of habitat suitability in the drawdown zone of the reservoir. The habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone are shown in Table 1. The land formation period of 170m to 175m is from March to October, with early emergence and a duration of up to 300 days. At the same time, the alternating effects of wave erosion during the inundation period and rainfall runoff erosion during the land formation period exacerbate the loss and leaching of the top 0-10cm soil in this functional area. Land formation of 160m to 170m occurs gradually from April to October, lasting for about 200 days. The erosion intensity in this elevation section decreases, but it is accompanied by the deposition of suspended sediment from upstream and slope erosion products. Complex habitat conditions; land gradually forms between May and October at elevations of 150m and 160m, reducing water flow velocity and decreasing sediment carrying capacity, leading to increased deposition of suspended and bedload sediments, weakening surface light and oxygen permeability, and accelerating the accumulation of heavy metals or pollutants; elevations below 150m are affected by the combined effects of reservoir hydrological rhythms and summer natural flood peaks, making them susceptible to wave erosion and reservoir bank reconstruction processes such as collapses and landslides, resulting in deterioration of soil mechanical properties, increased soil structural instability, and exacerbation of soil erosion problems.

[0114] Table 1. Flooding rhythm along the elevation section of the drawdown zone

[0115]

[0116] (2) Vertical functional zoning of the reservoir drawdown zone. Based on the hydrological rhythms such as the duration of reservoir flooding and the timing of exposure, as well as the ecological functional characteristics of vegetation in different sections, the drawdown zone is divided from 175m to 145m into the following zones: 170-175m soil conservation zone, 160-170m sand retention zone, 150-160m buffer zone, and 145-150m natural recovery zone.

[0117] (3) Micro-topographical management. After clearing invasive weeds from the reservoir drawdown zone, local land preparation work was carried out. Due to the steep slope of the soil conservation functional area, pit-type land preparation was adopted on the basis of vegetation restoration to improve the soil, fertilizer and water conservation capacity of the area. Specifically, the pit-type land preparation pits and trees were spaced 1m apart vertically, with dimensions of 0.4m×0.4m×0.4m; the pit surface was level with the original slope, and the side elevation of the pit had a certain angle with the horizontal plane; to prevent erosion and collapse at the sharp corners of the pit-type land preparation pits, the pit-type land preparation pits were connected to the original slope in an arc shape; planting soil was laid at the bottom of the pits, and herbaceous plants with pollution reduction and consolidation capabilities were planted. The original micro-topographical features of the remaining functional areas were preserved.

[0118] (4) Species selection and functional configuration of vegetation restoration zones. The soil conservation zone mainly adopts the configuration method of tree-shrub-grass multi-layered mixed forest-wetland belt to form a multi-layered vertical distribution pattern of pseudo-natural vegetation community. Deep-rooted trees are planted to meet the water conservation benefits at the canopy scale; water-tolerant shrubs are sparsely planted, and a layer of fibrous root monocotyledonous perennial herbs with dense root networks is configured. At the understory scale, the root system is used to reinforce and anchor the topsoil, and the wave erosion reduction effect of the ground cover is used to reduce the erosion process of the bank slope, thus meeting the soil stabilization and bank protection benefits of the area. Tree species are selected from pond cypress, bamboo willow, bald cypress, and poplar; shrubs are selected from mulberry, autumn willow, and Chinese ant mother; fibrous root monocotyledonous perennials are selected from bermudagrass, bullwhip, double-spike paspalum, goosegrass, and wild yam. The tree configuration density is 2m×4m, the understory shrub configuration density is 5 trees / square meter, and the herb coverage is >80%.

[0119] The sand-trapping functional area mainly adopts a planting strategy of interspersed shrubs and grasses. Given the complex habitat conditions in this area, it is necessary to increase vegetation species diversity and construct mutually beneficial communities to enhance the ecosystem's self-stability. Simultaneously, herbaceous plants with sand-trapping capabilities are selected, maintaining reasonable density and coverage to regulate and filter uphill erosion products and transform non-point source pollutants, thus meeting the area's sand-trapping, pollution interception, and water quality protection benefits. Shrubs are selected from among mulberry, *Salix matsudana*, and *Anemone sinensis*; herbaceous plants are selected from among *Cynodon dactylon*, *Polygonum multiflorum*, and *Paspalum notatum*, with a shrub planting density of 5 plants / square meter and herbaceous coverage >80%.

[0120] The buffer zone primarily employs a dominant herbaceous plant configuration. The deposition of suspended river sediment in the buffer zone creates open, gently sloping river terraces. Excessive sediment deposition reduces surface light and oxygen permeability, burying vegetation and decreasing survival rate and cover. Simultaneously, as a carrier for adsorbing heavy metals or pollutants, slope sediment accumulates on flat terraces under runoff erosion, hindering vegetation recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to select herbaceous plants with strong flood tolerance, capable of resisting sediment burial, and possessing pollution reduction and consolidation properties to improve vegetation survival rate and meet the benefits of sediment interception and pollution reduction in the buffer zone. The selected herbaceous plants include one or more of Bermuda grass, *Cynodon dactylon*, *Alternanthera philoxeroides*, *Vegetaria lobata*, and *Cyperus rotundus*, with a herbaceous coverage >60%.

[0121] The 145-150m section is the permanent reservoir area. Due to the late emergence and short land formation period, coupled with soil erosion and stripping, it is difficult to carry out artificial plant construction. Therefore, natural restoration methods or artificial sowing of suitable grass species are adopted to promote vegetation restoration.

[0122] By implementing the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following effects:

[0123] (1) Highlighting the key issues in each zone, emphasizing species matching, optimizing the layout and configuration, and maximizing ecological functions. This invention fully considers the periodic flooding rhythm of the reservoir and the differences in the site environment, combines the key issues in each zone, selects tree-shrub-grass vegetation, and optimizes the zone configuration to maximize the functional benefits such as soil stabilization and bank protection, sand interception and pollution interception, water quality protection and biodiversity maintenance.

[0124] (2) Adopting local land preparation methods to create favorable habitat conditions, improve the soil environment, enhance soil productivity, and achieve soil matrix conservation. Based on the topographic characteristics of the drawdown zone, pit-type land preparation is used, which not only avoids the disturbance to the soil caused by traditional land preparation methods, but also enhances the slope's ability to retain water, soil and fertilizer, and maintains a positive interaction between vegetation and soil.

[0125] (3) Following the logical approach of optimizing structure, process and function, it emphasizes the organic integration of ecological elements and spatial structure, and carries out collaborative design of microhabitat construction and vegetation zoning optimization configuration, which can meet the multifunctional needs of the drawdown zone and has certain landscape aesthetic value.

[0126] (4) To achieve suitable growth of vegetation in the drawdown zone and sustainable development of the ecosystem.

[0127] This invention provides a method for vegetation restoration and functional pattern optimization in the drawdown zone of a reservoir, comprising the following steps:

[0128] a. Based on the hydrological rhythms such as the duration of reservoir flooding and the timing of emergence, as well as the ecological functional characteristics of vegetation in different sections, such as Figure 1As shown, the drawdown zone from 175m to 145m is divided into four functional zones: 170-175m soil conservation zone 1, 160-170m sand interception zone 2, 150-160m buffer zone 3, and 145-150m natural recovery zone 4.

[0129] b. Soil conservation zone 1 mainly adopts a multi-layered mixed planting method of trees, shrubs, and grasses. Deep-rooted bamboo willows are planted to meet water conservation benefits at the canopy level. To improve vegetation species diversity, mulberry trees are sparsely planted at the understory level, and fibrous monocotyledonous bermudagrass with a dense root network is planted in the herbaceous layer. The root system reinforces and anchors the topsoil through consolidation, and the wave-damping and erosion-reducing effects of the ground cover are utilized to reduce the erosion process of the bank slope, thus meeting the soil stabilization and bank protection benefits of this zone. The tree-shrub-grass configuration is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the preferred tree species is *Salix babylonica* 31, with a vertical spacing of 4m × horizontal spacing of 6m; the preferred shrub species for the understory is *Mulberry* 33, with a density of 5 trees / square meter; and the coverage of *Cynodon dactylon* 32 is maintained at >80%.

[0130] like Figure 2 As shown, a square pit was excavated at a vertical height difference of 1m between the bamboo and willow trees to enhance the slope's water, soil, and fertilizer retention capacity. The pit dimensions are 0.4m × 0.4m × 0.4m, with the pit surface aligned with the original slope. The left vertical side of the pit forms a 45° angle with the horizontal plane. To avoid soil erosion such as collapse at the junction of the traditional pit and the slope, the pit is connected to the original slope in an arc shape (112). The bottom of the pit is horizontal and covered with planting soil and a planting mat (111). The vegetation cover type is perennial herbaceous Bermuda grass to maintain the soil within the pit.

[0131] It should be noted that in other embodiments of this application, the specifications of the pit 11 can be set according to the actual terrain, or it can be a circle or other shapes.

[0132] c. In the sand-trapping functional zone 2, mulberry and bermudagrass are selected as the main vegetation types for the shrub-grass configuration to improve vegetation species diversity and maintain reasonable density and coverage. By regulating and filtering erosion products from the upslope and transforming non-point source pollutants, the zone can meet the needs of sand interception, pollution interception, and water quality protection. The mulberry planting density is 5 trees / square meter, and the bermudagrass coverage is >80%.

[0133] d. Buffer zone 3: Select and cultivate Bermuda grass, which has strong flood resistance, can resist siltation, and has the effect of reducing and solidifying pollution. This can meet the requirements of high vegetation survival rate and achieve the benefits of sand interception, pollution interception, and water pollution reduction. The coverage of Bermuda grass is >60%.

[0134] e. At 145–150m, natural restoration methods or artificial sowing of suitable grass seeds can be adopted to promote vegetation restoration.

[0135] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Habitat suitability analysis of the reservoir drawdown zone; the method for determining the habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone in step S1 is as follows: Habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone were obtained by using video data and / or image data collected by drones. The method for drones to transmit video data to a cloud platform includes the following steps: S11, the drone determines whether the recorded video has reached a preset time threshold; step S11 includes: If the video recorded by the camera on the drone reaches the preset time threshold, proceed to the next step; If the video recorded by the camera on the drone does not reach the preset time threshold, the camera on the drone will continue to record. S12, determine whether the video data to be uploaded is greater than the set upload size threshold; S13, the drone requests K video codes from the cloud platform. After receiving the request, the cloud platform generates K video codes, sends them to the drone, and stores them in the cloud platform database. S14, using the first Video code as the first After dividing the video data into video names, it is uploaded to the cloud platform; step S14 includes: using the first video code as the video name for the first divided video data and uploading it to the cloud platform, using the second video code as the video name for the second divided video data and uploading it to the cloud platform, using the third video code as the video name for the third divided video data and uploading it to the cloud platform, until the first video code is used. Video code as the first After naming the videos in the data, upload them to the cloud platform; After receiving the video data sent by the drone, the cloud platform extracts the video name from the video data and deletes the extracted video name from the cloud platform database. If the K video codes stored in the cloud platform database are not completely deleted, it means that the drone has not successfully uploaded all K segmented video data. Then the cloud platform requests the drone to send the segmented video data corresponding to the remaining video codes in the cloud platform database. S15, the cloud platform combines the received K segmented video data into the original video data according to the recording order, and then splices the original video data after the total video data of the previous day to form the total video data of the day. Based on the images played by the total video data, the habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone are determined. S2, Vertical functional zoning of the reservoir drawdown zone; S3, Micro-topography improvement; S4, vegetation restoration species selection and zoning function configuration.

2. The method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: Habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone: The land formation period of 170m to 175m is from March to October, with early exposure and a duration of up to 300 days. At the same time, the alternating forces of wave erosion during the submergence period and rainfall runoff erosion during the land formation period exacerbate the loss and leaching of the top 0 to 10 cm of soil in the functional area. The 160m-170m elevation gradually forms land from April to October, lasting for about 200 days. The erosion intensity decreases in this elevation range, but it is accompanied by the deposition of suspended sediment from upstream and erosion products on the slope, resulting in complex habitat conditions. Land gradually forms between May and October at depths of 150m to 160m. As a result, water flow velocity decreases and the water's ability to carry sediment weakens, leading to an increase in the deposition of some suspended and bedload sediments. This reduces surface light and oxygen permeability, and accelerates the accumulation of heavy metals or pollutants. The elevation range below 150m is affected by the superposition of reservoir hydrological rhythm and summer natural flood peak process, and is susceptible to wave erosion, collapse and landslide, as well as reservoir bank reconstruction process, which leads to the deterioration of soil mechanical properties, increased soil structure instability, and aggravation of soil and water loss problems.

3. The method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: based on the hydrological rhythm of the reservoir flooding duration and the timing of the emergence, as well as the ecological function characteristics of vegetation in different sections, the drawdown zone from 175m to 145m is divided into a soil conservation zone of 170-175m, a sand retention zone of 160-170m, a buffer zone of 150-160m, and a natural recovery zone of 145-150m.

4. The method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: after clearing invasive weeds from the reservoir drawdown zone, local land preparation work is carried out; due to the large slope of the soil conservation functional area, pit-type land preparation is adopted on the basis of vegetation restoration to improve the soil, fertilizer and water conservation capacity of the area; the pit-type land preparation pits and trees are 1m apart in vertical height, with a size of 0.4m×0.4m×0.4m; the pit surface is level with the original slope surface, and the side of the pit has a certain angle with the horizontal plane; to prevent erosion and collapse at the sharp corners of the pit-type land preparation pits, the pit-type land preparation pits are connected to the original slope surface in an arc shape; planting soil is laid at the bottom of the pits, and herbaceous plants with pollution reduction and consolidation capabilities are planted; the original micro-topography of the remaining functional areas is preserved.

5. The method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: adopting a multi-layered mixed forest-wetland belt configuration method for the soil conservation functional area to form a multi-layered vertical distribution pattern of pseudo-natural vegetation communities; planting deep-rooted trees to meet water conservation benefits at the canopy scale; sparsely planting water-tolerant shrubs and configuring a layer of fibrous-rooted monocotyledonous perennial herbs with dense root networks to reinforce and anchor the topsoil at the understory scale through root consolidation, and utilizing the wave-damping and erosion-reducing effect of the ground cover to reduce the erosion process of the bank slope, thus meeting the soil stabilization and bank protection benefits of the area; tree species selected from pond cypress, bamboo willow, bald cypress, and poplar; shrubs selected from mulberry, autumn willow, and Chinese ant mother; fibrous-rooted monocotyledonous perennial herbs selected from bermudagrass, bullwhip, double-spike paspalum, goosegrass, and wild yam; wherein the tree configuration density is 2m × 4m spacing, the understory shrub configuration density is 5 trees / square meter, and the herb coverage is >80%; The sand-trapping functional zone adopts a planting strategy of interspersed shrubs and grasses. Given the complex habitat conditions in this area, it is necessary to increase vegetation species diversity and construct symbiotic communities to enhance ecosystem stability. Simultaneously, herbaceous plants with sand-trapping capabilities are selected, maintaining reasonable density and coverage to regulate and filter uphill erosion products and transform non-point source pollutants, thus meeting the zone's sand-trapping, pollution interception, and water quality protection benefits. Shrubs are selected from among mulberry, *Salix matsudana*, and *Anemone sinensis*; herbaceous plants are selected from among *Cynodon dactylon*, *Polygonum multiflorum*, and *Paspalum notatum*, with a shrub density of 5 plants / square meter and herbaceous coverage >80%. The buffer zone adopts a dominant herbaceous plant configuration. The deposition of suspended sediment in the buffer zone creates open, gently sloping river terraces. Excessive sediment deposition reduces surface light and oxygen permeability, burying vegetation and decreasing survival rate and coverage. Simultaneously, as a carrier for adsorbing heavy metals or pollutants, slope sediment accumulates on flat terraces under runoff scouring, affecting vegetation recovery. Herbs with strong flood tolerance, capable of resisting sediment burial, and possessing pollution reduction and consolidation properties are selected to improve vegetation survival rate and meet the buffer zone's objectives of intercepting sediment and reducing water pollution. The selected herbaceous plants include one or more of Bermuda grass, *Cynodon dactylon*, *Alternanthera philoxeroides*, *Vegetaria lobata*, and *Cyperus rotundus*, with a herbaceous coverage >60%. The 145-150m section is the permanent reservoir area. Due to the late emergence and short land formation period, coupled with soil erosion and stripping, it is difficult to carry out artificial plant construction. Therefore, natural restoration methods or artificial sowing of suitable grass species are adopted to promote vegetation restoration.

6. The method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drone includes a drone body, within which is a printed circuit board mounting bracket for fixing a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board is fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket. A controller, a GPS module, and a wireless transceiver module are mounted on the printed circuit board. The controller's position data terminal is connected to the GPS module's position data terminal, and the controller's data transceiver terminal is connected to the wireless transceiver module's data transceiver terminal. It also includes a camera mounted on the drone body. When the drone flies to the location where video and / or images are to be recorded, it transmits the recorded video and / or captured images to a cloud platform.

7. The method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S12 includes: If the video data to be uploaded exceeds the set upload size threshold, the video data to be uploaded will be divided into... The data is divided into three parts: the first part of the video data, the second part of the video data, the third part of the video data, ..., the third part of the video data. Divide the video data, the It is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. ∪ ∪ ∪……∪ = , ∩ = , ∈{1,2,3,……,K}, This indicates the first segment of video data. This indicates the second segment of video data. This indicates the third segment of video data. Indicates the first Divide the video data. This indicates the video data to be uploaded; Indicates the first Divide the video data. Indicates the first Segment the video data.

8. The method for constructing suitable habitats and precisely restoring vegetation in the drawdown zone of a reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: If the cloud platform receives image data, then the following steps are performed on the received image data: S11, the cloud platform performs color discrimination on the image data collected by the drone; S12, at the same time and angle Convert a grayscale image to a uniform grayscale image; S13, the original image corresponding to the image containing pixels between the first set grayscale threshold and the second set grayscale threshold is retained, and the second set grayscale threshold is greater than the first set grayscale threshold. This image is used as the viewing image to obtain the habitat characteristics of different elevation sections of the drawdown zone. Other images are deleted.

Images