Electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed transaction method, system, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed transaction method, system, device and medium, and belongs to the technical field of electricity-carbon transactions, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a power grid structure and carbon emission data, and constructing a network constraint model; based on the network constraint model, decomposing a complex global optimization problem into a plurality of sub-problems through an alternating direction multiplier method to obtain an optimal transaction matching scheme; based on the optimal transaction matching scheme, the data is stored to a plurality of nodes in a scattered mode through the block chain technology, and a safe transaction environment is obtained; based on a safe transaction environment, an electricity-carbon point-to-point transaction mechanism is adopted, and accurate distribution of carbon quotas is realized through transaction carbon emission reduction service. According to the invention, the transaction security and economy are improved, and the method is suitable for a smart power grid scene with high-proportion renewable energy access.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electricity-carbon trading, and in particular, to a point-to-point distributed trading method, system, device and medium for electricity-carbon trading. Background Art

[0002] In the current context of the global effort to reduce carbon emissions and promote the transformation to green energy, the electricity-carbon trading market, as a key mechanism to achieve this goal, faces many challenges. In particular, existing electricity-carbon trading methods often ignore the actual transmission capacity constraints of the power grid, resulting in frequent obstacles in the actual implementation of trading plans, low trading efficiency, and high costs. At the same time, the allocation of carbon quotas is often based on simplified models or historical data, lacking accuracy and flexibility, and it is difficult to reflect the true needs of each trading entity. In addition, the traditional point-to-point trading mode is often not accurate enough in carbon accounting and has security risks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative electricity-carbon trading method that can fully consider network constraints, achieve accurate allocation of carbon quotas, and ensure the security and economy of transactions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a point-to-point distributed trading method, system, device and medium for electricity-carbon trading to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost and unreasonable carbon quota allocation in existing electricity-carbon trading due to network constraints.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity-carbon trading, including: Obtain the power grid structure and carbon emission data, and construct a network constraint model; Based on the network constraint model, use the alternating direction method of multipliers to decompose the complex global optimization problem into multiple sub-problems to obtain an optimal trading matching scheme; Based on the optimal trading matching scheme, use blockchain technology to disperse and store data in multiple nodes to obtain a secure trading environment; Based on the secure trading environment, adopt a point-to-point electricity-carbon trading mechanism to achieve accurate allocation of carbon quotas by trading carbon emission reduction services.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity-carbon trading described in the present invention, wherein: the construction of the network constraint model includes: Define an objective function for minimizing the comprehensive cost; Set operating constraint conditions, including power supply-demand balance constraints, reliability constraints, energy storage operation constraints and point-to-point energy constraints; Analyze and incorporate the influence of the actual structural parameters and geographical factors of the power network on the transmission capacity; Allocate corresponding carbon emission quotas according to the power generation of distributed devices.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are as follows: By constructing a network constraint model, deeply considering the physical characteristics of the power network and the actual constraints in market operation, it can accurately reflect the transmission capacity and potential bottlenecks of the power network in the electricity-carbon trading.

[0008] As a preferred solution of an electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method described in the present invention, wherein: the alternating direction multiplier method includes: Based on the objective function and operation constraint conditions of the network constraint model, construct an augmented Lagrangian objective function; Update its own energy trading decision according to the current Lagrange multiplier and penalty factor; When receiving new information transmitted by other participants through point-to-point trading, update its own decision; Update the Lagrange multiplier; Calculate the primal residual and dual residual respectively according to the current solution and the update situation of the Lagrange multiplier; Compare the calculated primal residual and dual residual with a preset threshold; If any of the primal residual and dual residual does not meet the condition of being less than their respective preset thresholds, introduce a penalty factor automatic update strategy and re-update its own decision; If both the primal residual and dual residual are less than their respective preset thresholds, obtain the optimal trading matching scheme and stop the iteration.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are as follows: Introducing the alternating direction multiplier method significantly improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy of large-scale electricity-carbon trading, and ensures the optimal implementation of the trading plan in the actual power network.

[0010] As a preferred solution of an electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method described in the present invention, wherein: the blockchain technology includes: Define the data structure and smart contract; Use encryption technology and consensus mechanism to protect trading data; Through the broadcast and on-chain mechanism, make all trading data of all nodes public; Record the optimal trading matching scheme on the blockchain.

[0011] As a preferred solution of an electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method described in the present invention, wherein: the electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism includes: The buyer node publishes its current demand; The seller node publishes its current remaining carbon emission quota; Each node searches for a suitable trading partner according to its own needs and negotiates the trading volume and price; After the buyer node and the seller node reach an agreement, they call the smart contract by accessing the response address; The buyer node and the seller node respectively sort their respective quotes in descending order and store the corresponding quantities in their respective trading queues; When the buyer node's quote is higher than the seller node's bid and both parties' quantities are non-zero, matching is performed; Update the trading queues of the buyer and the seller according to the actual trading volume; Judge whether there is a remaining trading volume; If there is a remaining trading volume, continue to search for matching quotes and bids; If there is no remaining trading volume, delete the first elements of the quote and bid queues; Check whether the node fulfills its obligation; If the node fulfills its obligation, settle and calculate according to the negotiated carbon emission quota trading volume, update the node weight, and end the trading process; If the node does not fulfill its obligation, settle according to the actual carbon emission quota trading volume delivery situation, update the node weight, and end the trading process.

[0012] As a preferred solution of an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method described in the present invention, wherein: the update of the Lagrange multiplier is expressed as: , wherein, is the predicted value of the Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the th iteration of various energy transactions between point-to-point, is the correction factor corresponding to the th iteration of various energy transactions between point-to-point, is the Lagrange multiplier of the th iteration after introducing the prediction correction mechanism for various energy transactions between point-to-point, and are the various energy trading volumes between point-to-point.

[0013] As a preferred solution of an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method described in the present invention, wherein: the penalty factor automatic update strategy is expressed as: , wherein, is the penalty factor at the th iteration, and are the original residual and the dual residual respectively, is a constant greater than 1, and is the penalty factor for the scaling threshold.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading system, including: A model construction module, configured to obtain power grid structure and carbon emission data and construct a network constraint model; A distributed trading optimization calculation module, configured to decompose a complex global optimization problem into multiple sub-problems based on the network constraint model through the alternating direction method of multipliers to obtain an optimal trading matching scheme; A blockchain module, configured to disperse and store data to multiple nodes based on the optimal trading matching scheme through blockchain technology to obtain a secure trading environment; An electric-carbon point-to-point trading module, configured to implement precise allocation of carbon quotas by trading carbon emission reduction services based on the secure trading environment and adopting an electric-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and is characterized in that when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the described electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method are implemented.

[0016] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and is characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the described electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method are implemented.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention: By considering network constraints and adopting a distributed trading algorithm, the present invention can find the global optimal solution more quickly, improving trading efficiency. Through the application of blockchain technology, the transparency and immutability of trading data are realized, reducing the trading costs caused by information asymmetry; at the same time, the automatic execution of smart contracts reduces the intermediary fees in the trading process; the decentralization and encryption characteristics of blockchain technology enhance the security of the trading system, preventing data tampering and trading fraud; by combining the network constraint model and the distributed trading algorithm, the actual emission requirements of each trading entity can be more accurately reflected, realizing the precise allocation of carbon quotas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the basic process of an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Specific algorithm step diagram of the alternating direction multiplier method of an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Trading flow chart of an electric-carbon trading platform based on blockchain technology for an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Flow chart of the electric-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism of an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following describes the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Embodiment 1, referring to Figure 1 This is an embodiment of the present invention, which provides an electric-carbon point-to-point distributed trading method, including: S100: Obtain the power grid structure and carbon emission data, and construct a network constraint model; S200: Based on the network constraint model, use the alternating direction multiplier method to decompose the complex global optimization problem into multiple sub-problems, and obtain the optimal trading matching scheme; S300: Based on the optimal trading matching scheme, use blockchain technology to disperse and store data in multiple nodes to obtain a secure trading environment; S400: Based on the secure trading environment, adopt the electric-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism to achieve precise allocation of carbon quotas by trading carbon emission reduction services.

[0022] It should be noted that the electric-carbon trading market currently faces a series of challenges, including low trading efficiency and high costs caused by ignoring the power network transmission capacity limitations, inaccurate carbon quota allocation based on simplified models or historical data, security risks in traditional point-to-point trading models, and high trading costs caused by information asymmetry. The complex market conditions and operating environment make it difficult for existing trading mechanisms to respond in real time and optimize resource allocation; therefore, exploring an innovative electric-carbon trading method is of crucial significance for the healthy development of the electric-carbon trading market.

[0023] Therefore, to address the problems of low efficiency, high cost, and unreasonable carbon quota allocation in existing electricity-carbon trading caused by network constraints, through steps S100 - S400, a network constraint model is constructed, deeply considering the physical characteristics of the power network and the actual constraints in market operation to accurately reflect the transmission capacity and potential bottlenecks of the power network in electricity-carbon trading; the distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is introduced to significantly improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of large-scale electricity-carbon trading, ensuring the optimal implementation of the trading plan in the actual power network; blockchain technology is applied to provide strong security guarantees for the storage, transmission, and verification of trading data, realizing the transparency, security, and traceability of transactions; the electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism is adopted, and the electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism is designed. Through the intelligent matching algorithm, the accurate allocation of carbon quotas is achieved, which not only promotes the green transformation of the power market but also effectively encourages enterprises to actively reduce emissions, jointly promoting the realization of sustainable development goals.

[0024] Example 2, referring to Figures 2 - 4 , which is an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the previous embodiment, a method for electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed trading is provided, including: In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S100, constructing the network constraint model includes: Defining the objective function of minimizing the comprehensive cost; Setting the operating constraint conditions, including power supply-demand balance constraint, reliability constraint, energy storage operation constraint, and point-to-point energy constraint; Analyzing and incorporating the influence of the actual structural parameters and geographical factors of the power network on the transmission capacity; Allocating corresponding carbon emission quotas according to the power generation of distributed devices.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present invention, defining the objective function of minimizing the comprehensive cost includes clarifying the operation optimization objective of the electricity-carbon integrated market, usually minimizing the comprehensive cost (including the costs of the electricity energy market, ancillary service market, and carbon trading market). The objective function is expressed as: , Where: , , , , , , In the formula: is the cost of purchasing energy at time ; is Operating cost of energy storage at a certain moment; is Cost of selling energy at a certain moment; is Compensation cost for users to participate in demand response at a certain moment; is Carbon trading cost at a certain moment; is The benefits of participating in the peak shaving market at a certain moment include the benefits of peak shaving and valley filling is Price of purchasing natural gas at a certain moment; is Purchase volume of natural gas at a certain moment; is Price of purchasing diesel at a certain moment; is Purchase volume of diesel at a certain moment; is Price of purchasing electric energy from the power grid at a certain moment; is Purchase volume of electric energy from the power grid at a certain moment; is Price of selling electric energy to users at a certain moment, is Selling volume of electric energy to users at a certain moment; is the scheduling period of the energy storage system or the length of the evaluation time period; is the operating cost coefficient of the energy storage; is Discharge power of the energy storage at a certain moment; is Charging power of the energy storage at a certain moment; is the compensation cost for regulating the load demand, is Total load of actual demand response at a certain moment; represents the market price of carbon emission rights or the cost coefficient of unit carbon emission; when actual carbon emissions at a certain moment is greater than the carbon emission quota , then the carbon trading cost is positive, otherwise it is negative; , are the powers of participating in peak shaving and valley filling at time t respectively; , are respectively Peak shaving and valley filling prices at a certain moment.

[0026] In the embodiment of the present invention, the power supply-demand balance constraint of electric energy is expressed as: , In the formula, is The electrical load demand of the time system; is The discharge power of the time system; is The electric energy purchased by the time system from the power grid; is The output of the wind turbines in the time system; is The output of the photovoltaic in the time system; is The output of the diesel generator in the time system; is The output of the gas turbine in the time system; is The charging power of the time system.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present invention, the reliability constraint is expressed as: , , , In the formula, is the power shortage rate; is the maximum allowable power shortage rate, which is a preset safety threshold to ensure that the power system has sufficient reliability and stability; is the sum of the power shortage values of the system at time within the entire scheduling period T; is the sum; During operation The power shortage value of the system at time. Within the entire scheduling period T, the electrical load demand of the system at time.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage operation constraint is expressed as: , In the formula, and are the states of the energy storage battery at time and time; and are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage battery; and are the upper and lower limits of the energy storage state of the energy storage battery; and are the stored energy states at the start time and end time of a one-day scheduling cycle respectively; and are the upper and lower limits of the charging power of the energy storage battery; and are the upper and lower limits of the discharge power of the energy storage battery, respectively.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present invention, the point-to-point energy constraint is expressed as: , , In the formula, represents various energy transaction volumes between point-to-point (P2P); represents the energy transaction limit between point-to-point (P2P).

[0030] In the embodiment of the present invention, constructing the network constraint model further includes analyzing the actual structure of the power grid, including the maximum transmission capacity of the line, the substation capacity limit, etc., to accurately reflect the physical characteristics and potential bottlenecks of the power network; considering the influence of geographical location on the renewable energy generation efficiency, such as the influence of weather conditions on solar and wind power generation. Allocate corresponding carbon emission quotas according to the equivalent power generation of distributed devices that consume non-renewable energy (such as gas turbines and diesel generators); identify and quantify possible emission reduction opportunities, such as reducing carbon emissions by improving energy efficiency or increasing the proportion of clean energy; integrate all the above elements (objective function, various constraint conditions, network parameters, and carbon emission considerations) into a unified optimization model, that is, the network constraint model; use historical data or simulation scenarios to test the effectiveness of the model, and make necessary adjustments according to the results to improve the accuracy and practicability of the model.

[0031] It should be noted that through the power supply and demand balance constraint of electric energy, it is ensured that the power generation in the system matches the electricity demand. This involves the accuracy of power generation prediction and load prediction in different time periods; through the reliability constraint, the stability of the power system is maintained, such as the frequency and voltage levels need to be kept within the safe range; through the energy storage operation constraint, for energy storage devices (such as batteries), parameters such as their maximum charge and discharge power and capacity limit are specified; the point-to-point energy trading constraint includes the trading volume limit and the trading volume balance constraint, ensuring that the electricity-carbon trading meets the limiting conditions in actual operation.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present invention, the alternating direction multiplier method in step S200, as Figure 2 shown, includes the following steps: Based on the objective function and operation constraint conditions of the network constraint model, construct an augmented Lagrangian objective function; Update its own energy trading decision according to the current Lagrange multiplier and penalty factor; When receiving new information transmitted by other participants through point-to-point trading, update its own decision; Update the Lagrange multiplier; Calculate the primal residual and the dual residual respectively according to the current solution and the update situation of the Lagrange multipliers; Compare the calculated primal residual and dual residual with a preset threshold; If any one of the primal residual and the dual residual does not meet the condition of being less than their respective preset thresholds, introduce a penalty factor automatic update strategy and re - perform self - decision update; If both the primal residual and the dual residual are less than their respective preset thresholds, obtain the optimal trading matching scheme and stop the iteration.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), the primal residual measures the degree to which the current solution satisfies the constraint conditions by calculating the difference norm between the local variables and the shared variables of each sub - problem; while the dual residual evaluates the stability of the Lagrange multiplier update by multiplying the change amount of the shared variable between adjacent iterations by the norm of the penalty factor. Specifically, the primal residual reflects the consistency of the local solutions on each distributed node, and the dual residual monitors the effectiveness of the Lagrange multiplier adjustment. Both are jointly used to determine whether the algorithm reaches the convergence condition.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the application of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), the inspection of the primal residual and the dual residual is a key step in determining whether the algorithm reaches the convergence criterion; the selection of the preset threshold should comprehensively consider the specific requirements of the problem, the computing resource limitations, and the performance of the algorithm. By starting with a relatively loose threshold and then gradually adjusting to a more stringent value according to the actual running situation and the solving effect, and using the dynamic adjustment strategy and experimental verification, find the threshold setting that is most suitable for a specific application scenario to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the final solution.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present invention, judge the primal residual, that is, judge , the primal residual measures the degree to which the feasibility constraint of the original problem is satisfied; specifically, it reflects the gap between the current solution and the actual constraint; represents the actual value of the primal residual, is a small positive number threshold preset for the primal residual, used to judge whether the primal residual is small enough to consider that the constraint has been satisfied.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, judge the dual residual, that is, judge , the dual residual measures the change situation in the Lagrange multiplier update process, reflecting whether the algorithm tends to be stable during the optimization process; represents the actual value of the dual residual, is a small positive number threshold preset for the dual residual, used to judge whether the dual residual is small enough to consider that the algorithm is close to the optimal solution.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present invention, the update of the Lagrange multiplier is expressed as: , where is the predicted value of the Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the -th iteration of various energy transactions between point-to-point, is the correction factor corresponding to the -th iteration of various energy transactions between point-to-point, is the Lagrange multiplier of the -th iteration after introducing the prediction correction mechanism for various energy transactions between point-to-point, and are the amounts of various energy transactions between point-to-point.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, the automatic update strategy of the penalty factor is expressed as: , where is the penalty factor at the -th iteration, and are the primal residual and the dual residual respectively, is a constant greater than 1, and are the scaling thresholds of the penalty factor , satisfying .

[0039] It should be noted that although the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) itself is an optimization algorithm, its distributed characteristics and advantages applicable to large-scale systems make it one of the ideal choices for implementing distributed trading algorithms. In scenarios such as the electricity-carbon trading market, ADMM can significantly improve trading efficiency and accuracy by effectively decomposing and coordinating optimization problems, promoting the green transformation and sustainable development of the power system. Therefore, in a specific application background, it can be said that the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is an effective tool or method to support distributed trading.

[0040] It should be noted that introducing a correction factor in the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) can significantly accelerate the convergence process. By optimizing the iteration step size and smoothing the fluctuations during the iteration process, the algorithm can approach the optimal solution more quickly and stably. Specifically, the correction factor allows adjustment according to historical iteration information, reducing numerical instability and oscillation phenomena, thereby improving the overall efficiency and stability of the algorithm; It should be noted that introducing a penalty factor automatic update strategy in ADMM can achieve adaptive adjustment of the penalty intensity, dynamically adjusting the size of the penalty factor according to the residual ratio in the current iteration. This can not only quickly approach the optimal solution in the initial stage, but also finely adjust when approaching the optimal solution, ensuring the accuracy of the final solution, enhancing the adaptability and robustness of the algorithm to different types of problems, thereby improving the overall solution efficiency and global consistency.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, the blockchain technology in step S300 includes: Defining data structures and smart contracts; Using encryption technology and consensus mechanisms to protect transaction data; Making all transaction data of all nodes public through a broadcast and on-chain mechanism; Recording the optimal transaction matching scheme on the blockchain.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, as a decentralized implementation form of distributed ledger technology, the core mechanism of the blockchain is to disperse the storage of data to multiple nodes, thereby ensuring the transparency of information and the immutability of data. The trading process of the electricity-carbon trading platform based on blockchain technology is as Figure 3 shown. By constructing a peer-to-peer trading framework, this technology can significantly improve the trading efficiency of electric energy and carbon quotas; at the same time, the application of smart contracts can effectively guide consumers to adjust their electricity consumption behaviors to achieve the balance of regional power supply and demand and effectively alleviate the carbon emission problem; the decentralized trading mode not only enhances the transparency of the market but also provides greater flexibility for market participants; the transparency and reliability of the blockchain provide strong support for the design of incentive mechanisms, which are designed to encourage users to actively participate in carbon emission reduction actions and ensure that incentive measures can be accurately implemented. This mechanism helps to enhance the trust of market participants, further promote carbon emission reduction actions, and encourage the development of renewable energy. In the process of handling carbon emission fee settlement and electricity trading, blockchain technology ensures the fairness and accuracy of market operation, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the market.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present invention, the electricity-carbon peer-to-peer trading mechanism in step S400 is as Figure 4 shown and includes the following steps: The buyer node publishes its current demand; The seller node publishes the remaining amount of its current carbon emission quota; Each node searches for a suitable trading partner according to its own needs and negotiates on the trading volume and price; After the buyer node and the seller node reach an agreement, they call the smart contract by accessing the response address; The buyer node and the seller node respectively sort their respective quotes in descending order and store the corresponding quantity of quotes in their respective trading queues; When the buyer node's quote is higher than the seller node's bid and the quantity of quotes from both sides is non-zero, a match is made; Update the trading queues of the buyer and the seller according to the actual trading volume; Judge whether there is any remaining trading volume; If there is remaining trading volume, continue to search for matching quotes and bids; If there is no remaining trading volume, delete the first elements of the quote and bid queues; Check whether the node fulfills its contract; If the node fulfills its contract, settle and clear according to the negotiated trading volume of carbon emission allowances, update the node weight, and end the trading process; If the node does not fulfill its contract, settle according to the actual trading situation of carbon emission allowances, update the node weight, and end the trading process.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission reduction service trading mechanism provides diversified emission reduction paths, enabling market participants to achieve emission reduction goals through various means. For example, thermal power generation enterprises can purchase carbon emission reduction services to reduce their carbon emission costs, while new energy enterprises and users can obtain additional income by providing these services; the electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism provides an efficient platform and technical support for the trading of these emission reduction services. Through blockchain technology and distributed optimization algorithms, the security and transparency of transactions are ensured, and the precise allocation of carbon quotas is achieved; the carbon emission reduction service trading mechanism and the electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism work together to more effectively promote the green transformation of the power system. The carbon emission reduction service trading mechanism encourages all parties to take active emission reduction measures, while the electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism provides the technical and platform support for implementing these measures.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, the economic benefit calculation method of a thermal power plant in the electricity-carbon trading market is expressed as: , , , , , In the formula, is the total benefit of the thermal power unit; is the electricity selling income of the thermal power unit; is the power generation cost of the thermal power unit; is the quota purchase cost or quota selling income of the thermal power unit; is the purchase cost of the thermal power unit; is the electricity quantity sold to the power grid; K is the number of users; J is the number of wind and solar power units; is the unit price of electricity sold by the new energy power plant to the power grid; is the electricity quantity sold by the thermal power unit to the users; is the unit price of electricity sold by the thermal power plant to the users; is the unit power generation cost of the thermal power unit; is the thermal power unit and the users transaction service volume; is the service unit price provided by the thermal power plant to the users; is the thermal power unit and the wind and solar power units transaction service volume; is the service unit price provided by the thermal power plant to the wind and solar power plants; is the carbon quota price in the carbon market; is the thermal power unit unit electricity carbon emission intensity; is the thermal power unit planned to use the held quota.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present invention, the economic benefit calculation method of the new energy power plant (such as wind power or solar power) in the electricity-carbon trading market is expressed as: , , , In the formula, is the total benefit of the wind and solar power units; is the electricity sales revenue of the wind and solar power units; is the revenue from the services provided by the wind and solar power units; is the electricity quantity sold by the wind power unit to the users; is the unit price of electricity sold by the wind and solar power plant to the users.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, the economic benefit calculation method of the users in the electricity-carbon trading market is expressed as: , , , In the formula, is the total benefit of the users; is the electricity purchase cost of the users; is the revenue from the services provided by the users; is the electricity quantity purchased by the users from the power grid; is the unit price of electricity sold by the power grid to the users.

[0048] Example 3, which is an embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that a point-to-point distributed trading system for electricity and carbon is provided.

[0049] It should be noted that the technical solution of the point-to-point distributed trading system for electricity and carbon belongs to the same concept as the technical solution of the above-mentioned point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity and carbon. For the details not described in detail in the technical solution of the point-to-point distributed trading system for electricity and carbon in this embodiment, reference can be made to the description of the technical solution of the above-mentioned point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity and carbon.

[0050] A point-to-point distributed trading system for electricity and carbon in this embodiment includes: A model construction module, which is used to obtain the power grid structure and carbon emission data and construct a network constraint model; A distributed trading optimization calculation module, which is used to decompose complex global optimization problems into multiple sub-problems based on the network constraint model through the alternating direction method of multipliers to obtain an optimal trading matching scheme; A blockchain module, which is used to disperse and store data to multiple nodes through blockchain technology based on the optimal trading matching scheme to obtain a secure trading environment; A point-to-point electricity and carbon trading module, which is used to realize the precise allocation of carbon quotas by trading carbon emission reduction services based on the secure trading environment and adopting the point-to-point electricity and carbon trading mechanism.

[0051] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, which is applicable to the case of a point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity and carbon, including: A memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity and carbon as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0052] This embodiment also provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity and carbon as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0053] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment and the point-to-point distributed trading method for electricity and carbon proposed in the above embodiment belong to the same inventive concept. The technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be referred to the above embodiment, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiment.

[0054] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software and the necessary general-purpose hardware. Of course, it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or optical disc of a computer, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not restrictive. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A point-to-point distributed trading method for electro-carbon, characterized in that, Including: Obtain the power grid structure and carbon emission data, and construct a network constraint model; Based on the network constraint model, use the alternating direction multiplier method to decompose the complex global optimization problem into multiple sub-problems, and obtain the optimal trading matching scheme; Based on the optimal trading matching scheme, use blockchain technology to disperse and store data in multiple nodes to obtain a secure trading environment; Based on the secure trading environment, adopt an electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism to achieve precise allocation of carbon quotas by trading carbon emission reduction services.

2. The one-point-to-one distributed trading method for electro-carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The construction of the network constraint model includes: Define the objective function of minimizing the comprehensive cost; Set the operating constraint conditions, including power supply and demand balance constraint, reliability constraint, energy storage operation constraint, and point-to-point energy constraint; Analyze and incorporate the influence of the actual structural parameters and geographical factors of the power network on the transmission capacity; Allocate corresponding carbon emission quotas according to the power generation of distributed devices.

3. The one-to-one point-to-point distributed trading method for electro-carbon as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: The alternating direction multiplier method includes: Based on the objective function and operating constraint conditions of the network constraint model, construct an augmented Lagrangian objective function; Update its own energy trading decision according to the current Lagrange multiplier and penalty factor; When receiving new information transmitted by other participants through point-to-point trading, update its own decision; Update the Lagrange multiplier; According to the current solution and the update situation of the Lagrange multiplier, calculate the primal residual and dual residual respectively; Compare the calculated primal residual and dual residual with the preset threshold; If either the primal residual or the dual residual does not meet the condition of being less than their respective preset thresholds, introduce a penalty factor automatic update strategy and re-update its own decision; If both the primal residual and the dual residual are less than their respective preset thresholds, obtain the optimal trading matching scheme and stop the iteration.

4. The one-point-to-one-point distributed trading method for electro-carbon as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The blockchain technology includes: Define the data structure and smart contract; Use encryption technology and consensus mechanism to protect trading data; Make all trading data of all nodes public through the broadcast and on-chain mechanism; Record the optimal trading matching scheme on the blockchain.

5. The electric carbon point-to-point distributed trading method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electricity-carbon point-to-point trading mechanism includes: The buyer node publishes its current demand; The seller node publishes the remaining amount of its current carbon emission quota; Each node searches for a suitable trading partner according to its own needs and negotiates the trading volume and price; After the buyer node and the seller node reach an agreement, call the smart contract by accessing the response address; The buyer node and the seller node respectively sort their respective quotes in descending order and store the corresponding reported volumes in their respective trading queues; When the buyer node's quote is higher than the seller node's bid and both reported volumes are non-zero, conduct matching; Update the trading queues of the buyer and the seller according to the actual trading volume; Judge whether there is a remaining trading volume; If there is a remaining trading volume, continue to search for a matchable quote and bid; If there is no remaining trading volume, delete the first elements of the quote and bid queues; Check whether the node fulfills its obligation; If the node fulfills its obligation, settle and calculate according to the negotiated carbon emission quota trading volume, update the node weight, and end the trading process; If the node does not fulfill its obligation, settle according to the actual carbon emission quota trading volume delivery situation, update the node weight, and end the trading process.

6. The one-point-to-one distributed trading method for electro-carbon as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The update of the Lagrange multiplier is expressed as: ， Among them, is the predicted value of the Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the th iteration of various energy transactions between point to point, is the correction factor corresponding to the th iteration of various energy transactions between point to point, is the Lagrange multiplier of the th iteration after introducing the prediction correction mechanism for various energy transactions between point to point, and are the amounts of various energy transactions between point to point.

7. The one-to-one point-to-point distributed trading method for electric carbon according to claim 6, wherein: The automatic update strategy of the penalty factor is expressed as: ， Among them, is the penalty factor at the th iteration, and are the original residual and the dual residual respectively, is a constant greater than 1, and are the scaling thresholds of the penalty factor .

8. An electric carbon point-to-point distributed trading system, which applies an electric carbon point-to-point distributed trading method as described in any one of claims 1-7, is characterized in that, Including: A model construction module, configured to obtain power grid structure and carbon emission data and construct a network constraint model; A distributed transaction optimization calculation module, configured to decompose a complex global optimization problem into multiple sub-problems based on the network constraint model by using the alternating direction method of multipliers to obtain an optimal transaction matching scheme; A blockchain module, configured to disperse and store data to multiple nodes based on the optimal transaction matching scheme by using blockchain technology to obtain a secure transaction environment; An electricity-carbon point-to-point transaction module, configured to achieve precise allocation of carbon quotas by trading carbon emission reduction services based on the secure transaction environment and adopting an electricity-carbon point-to-point transaction mechanism.

9. An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of an electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed transaction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of an electricity-carbon point-to-point distributed transaction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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