Archaeological profile protective agent and profile protection method

Abstract

The invention firstly provides an archaeological section protective agent and a section protection method, the archaeological section protective agent comprises a component A and a component B, the component A comprises montmorillonite and fly ash, and the mass ratio of the montmorillonite to the fly ash is 1: (0.8-1.2); the component B comprises an organic bonding polymer and a solvent, and the concentration of the organic bonding polymer is 2-8%. The archaeological profile protection method comprises the following steps: spraying a component A to a profile; and spraying the component B on the profile sprayed with the component A, and naturally drying to finish profile protection. The montmorillonite absorbs water and expands, so that macropores can be filled, and crack expansion is reduced; fly ash particles are fine and can further fill micropores, and the fly ash particles and the micropores are superposed to improve the soil compactness and reduce the permeability. Stress distribution is buffered through interlayer expansion of montmorillonite, the compressive strength of a soil body is enhanced through the solidification effect of fly ash, the component A and the section body are bonded through the component B, structural damage caused by dry-wet circulation and freeze thawing is jointly inhibited, and the weathering resistance and rain erosion resistance of the archaeological section are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of archaeological cultural relic protection, and particularly relates to an archaeological profile protection agent and a profile protection method. Background Art

[0002] During the archaeological excavation process, in order to clearly show the spatial relationships of soil layers, remains, and relics, vertical or inclined profiles are often used for research. These archaeological profiles are valuable carriers for studying the formation process of sites and soil layers, the superposition relationships of remains, and the burial states of relics, directly presenting the historical accumulation and evolution process.

[0003] However, once the archaeological profiles are exposed to the natural environment, they will face erosion and damage from various natural factors. For example, wind erosion will cause the shedding of particulate matter on the surface layer of the profile, making the profile blurred or even collapsed; rainwater scouring will carry away the fine particles on the surface layer, forming gullies and changing the profile shape; sunlight exposure will cause the rapid evaporation of soil moisture, resulting in dry shrinkage and cracking, damaging the stratum structure; temperature changes will cause freeze-thaw cycles or thermal expansion and contraction, further exacerbating the damage to the profile. The combined effect of these natural factors makes the unprotected archaeological profiles extremely vulnerable to weathering and collapse, making it difficult to completely record and preserve the important historical information contained therein, seriously affecting subsequent archaeological research work.

[0004] In the arid northwestern region of China, there is little rain, strong evaporation, dry and cold winters, and frequent sandstorms. Droughts, high temperatures, heavy rains, etc. are frequent, making it difficult for the soil mass of soil relics to maintain water balance. Excessive water absorption by the soil of soil relics leads to a decrease in bearing capacity, and due to strong evaporation, the soil of soil relics loses water too quickly, causing the soil layer of soil relics to become sandy, resulting in loose soil, low strength, and poor resistance to weathering and rain erosion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the soil mass of sandy soil relics in the northwestern region is difficult to maintain water balance, resulting in a decrease in bearing capacity after excessive water absorption by the soil of soil relics, and due to strong evaporation, the soil of soil relics loses water too quickly, causing the soil layer of the archaeological profile of soil relics to become sandy, resulting in loose soil, low strength, and poor resistance to weathering and rain erosion.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention first provides an archaeological profile protection agent, which comprises the following components: Component A, including: montmorillonite and fly ash, and the mass ratio of the montmorillonite to the fly ash is 1:0.8 - 1.2; Component B, including: an organic bonding polymer and a solvent, and the concentration of the organic bonding polymer is 2% - 8%.

[0007] In the above solution of the present invention, montmorillonite absorbs water and swells to fill large pores, reducing crack propagation; fly ash particles are fine and can further fill micro-pores. The superposition of the two improves the soil density and reduces permeability. The interlayer swelling of montmorillonite buffers the stress distribution, and fly ash enhances the compressive strength of the soil through solidification. Component B bonds Component A and the profile body, jointly inhibiting the structural damage caused by dry-wet cycles and freeze-thaw cycles, and improving the weathering and rain erosion resistance of the archaeological profile.

[0008] In order to achieve the cementation reaction between montmorillonite and fly ash, further, Component A is the product obtained by mixing montmorillonite and fly ash and calcining at 400-500 °C.

[0009] Further, the organic bonding polymer includes at least any one of polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0010] Optionally, the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol does not exceed 80,000, and the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide does not exceed 12 million.

[0011] Optionally, the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol does not exceed 150 mesh, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide does not exceed 80 mesh.

[0012] The above polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide contribute to rapid dissolution and help the above organic sol to penetrate into the desertified soil layer.

[0013] In order to reduce the water absorption of the desertified soil layer, further, the polyvinyl alcohol is hydrophobic modified polyvinyl alcohol, and the modification method is as follows: In a container, disperse polyvinyl alcohol in water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85-90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution; Dissolve fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane and ethanol in a mass ratio of 1:8-1:10 to obtain a fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane-ethanol solution; Fully mix the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution and the fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane-ethanol solution, and adjust the pH value to 7.5-8.5 to hydrolyze the fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane and cause the hydrolysis product of the fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane to condense with the polyvinyl alcohol to obtain fluorosilane-modified polyvinyl alcohol.

[0014] Optionally, the fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane includes at least one of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (C6H 13 F3O3Si), nonafluorohexyltrimethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (C 13 H 13 F 17 O3Si).

[0015] The present invention also provides an archaeological profile protection method, including: Spraying component A onto the profile; spraying component B onto the profile sprayed with component A, and completing the profile protection after natural drying.

[0016] Optionally, the spraying amount of component A is 200 - 400 g / m 2 ; the spraying amount of component B is 200 - 400 g / m 2 .

[0017] The technical effect of this application lies in: The archaeological profile protection agent provided by the present invention is composed of component A and component B. Component A is first sprayed into the gaps of the profile sand soil, and then component B is sprayed to combine component A and the sand soil.

[0018] In the present invention, montmorillonite with small particle size and swelling after water absorption is used to fill soil pores, reduce cracks caused by drying shrinkage, and help maintain the integrity of the structure of the earthen relic profile. The dynamic swelling and shrinkage between montmorillonite layers can disperse the internal stress of the soil and reduce the risk of local cracking. At the same time, the characteristic of montmorillonite slowly releasing water helps maintain the balance of soil humidity. By stabilizing the soil moisture content, the volume change caused by repeated wet and dry cycles is reduced, and the weathering process is delayed. Montmorillonite forms a cementitious substance by adsorbing cations in fly ash, enhancing the bonding force between soil particles and improving the erosion resistance. Fly ash particles are fine and porous, which can fill soil pores, reduce water evaporation and crack propagation. The high specific surface area and loose characteristics of fly ash help improve the compactness of the sandy soil profile, reduce permeability, and slow down the surface peeling caused by rainwater scouring. It can also optimize the water retention capacity of sandy soil, thereby maintaining the structural stability of the earthen relic profile, and can improve the compressive strength and anti-scouring performance of the soil mass. Montmorillonite absorbs water and swells to fill large pores, reducing crack propagation; fly ash particles are fine and can further fill micro-pores. The two superimpose to improve the soil mass compactness and reduce permeability. The interlayer swelling of montmorillonite buffers the stress distribution, and fly ash enhances the compressive strength of the soil mass through solidification, jointly inhibiting the structural damage caused by wet and dry cycles and freeze-thaw cycles.

[0019] In the present invention, the polyvinyl alcohol solution of component B penetrates into the pores of the soil body and forms a colloidal film after drying, enhancing the bonding force between particles. At the same time, it can form a gradient filling structure with the component A material, improving the strength of the sandy soil relic profile. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol can adsorb and lock moisture, reducing the dry shrinkage cracks caused by the rapid water loss of the soil body. After polyvinyl alcohol is compounded with fly ash and montmorillonite, the strength of the sandy soil relic profile is improved. When the polyacrylamide of component B is sprayed onto montmorillonite, fly ash, and the soil relic profile, the polyacrylamide molecular chains adsorb onto montmorillonite, fly ash, and soil particles to form a cementation network, enhancing the integrity of the soil relic profile, inhibiting weathering and shear damage by rainwater, and significantly improving the strength of the soil relic profile. In addition, the polyacrylamide solution can improve the penetration ability of the polyvinyl alcohol solution in the soil body, thereby increasing the penetration depth of component B and further improving the strength of the sandy soil relic profile. The mixture of polyacrylamide and bentonite can enhance the adhesiveness and form a dense protective layer, enhancing the resistance to rainwater erosion. Adding polyacrylamide to the fly ash curing system can shorten the setting time and improve the freeze-thaw resistance.

[0020] In the present invention, fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane is a fluorinated organosilicon compound. The fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane molecule contains three hydrolyzable methoxy (−OCH3) groups. Under alkaline conditions, the methoxy groups will gradually hydrolyze, and fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane generates a fluoroalkylsilanol (C x F y -Si-OH) intermediate and releases methanol (CH3OH). The generated fluoroalkylsilanol (C x F y -Si-OH) easily undergoes a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl groups in polyvinyl alcohol under alkaline conditions. A Si-O-C bond is formed between the fluoroalkylsilanol (C x F y -Si-OH) and polyvinyl alcohol to achieve chemical cross-linking. The fluorine atoms (-CF2 groups) impart hydrophobicity to the surface of polyvinyl alcohol, reducing the water absorption of the soil, inhibiting the soil structure damage caused by wet-dry cycles and freeze-thaw cycles, thereby improving the strength of the soil relic profile, and effectively blocking rainwater penetration and sand erosion. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is the timing control diagram of the wet-dry cycle and freeze-thaw tests for the examples and comparative examples of this application. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the technical solutions of this application will be described in detail. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of this application.

[0023] In the following examples and comparative examples, the archaeological profiles used were simulated profile models. The method for making the simulated profiles was as follows: The excavated soil from Site 2 of the Shui Donggou Site was selected as the raw material and mixed with sand and lime in a ratio of 1:1:1. The selected soil was moistened with water and fixed with a wooden board, and a pressure of 15 kg was applied to obtain soil blocks. The size of the soil blocks was 20 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm, and the weight was about 1.5 kg. The soil blocks were placed in a thermostatic and humid test chamber, the temperature was adjusted to 70 °C, the humidity was adjusted to 20%, and they were placed for 7 days. The surface of the soil blocks was simulated as an archaeological profile.

[0024] In the following examples, the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol selected was about 70,000 - 80,000, and the type of polyvinyl alcohol was PVA1788; the polyacrylamide selected in the following examples was amphoteric ion polyacrylamide, and the molecular weight was about 6,000,000 - 12,000,000.

[0025] It should be noted that in the following examples, the spraying amount of Component A was 200 g / m 2 、300 g / m 2 、400 g / m 2 ,and the spraying amount of Component B was 200 g / m 2 、300 g / m 2 、400 g / m 2 . Under the inspiration of the following specific examples, those skilled in the art can set the spraying amount of Component A to 200 - 400 g / m 2 ,such as 200 g / m 2 、250 g / m 2 、350 g / m 2 、400 g / m 2 ,etc.; the spraying amount of Component B was set to 200 - 400 g / m 2 ,such as 200 g / m 2 、250 g / m 2 、350 g / m 2 、400 g / m 2 ,etc.

[0026] Example 1 Preparation of Archaeological Profile Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: In a glass container, disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85 °C - 90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0027] The protection method was to spray the archaeological profile protective agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A onto the cross-section at a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B onto the cross-section sprayed with Component A at a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0028] Example 2 Preparation of Archaeological Section Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:0.8 to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: In a glass container, disperse 50 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85°C - 90°C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0029] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protective agent on the six surfaces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A onto the cross-section at a spraying amount of 400 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B onto the cross-section sprayed with Component A at a spraying amount of 400 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0030] Example 3 Preparation of Archaeological Section Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: Prepare a hydrophobically modified polyvinyl alcohol ethanol aqueous solution; specifically as follows, In a glass container, disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 mL of water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85°C - 90°C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution; Mix 50 g of 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane with 400 g of ethanol and dissolve to obtain a 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane-ethanol solution; Fully mix the above polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane-ethanol solution, and adjust the pH value to 8 ± 5 to hydrolyze 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane and carry out a condensation reaction between the hydrolysis product of 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a fluorosilane-modified polyvinyl alcohol ethanol aqueous solution.

[0031] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protective agent on the six surfaces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A onto the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B onto the section sprayed with Component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0032] Example 4 Preparation of Archaeological Section Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: Prepare a hydrophobic modified polyvinyl alcohol ethanol aqueous solution; specifically as follows, In a glass container, disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 mL of water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85 °C - 90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with a concentration of 8%; Mix and dissolve 50 g of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane with 500 g of ethanol to obtain a heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane - ethanol solution; Fully mix the above polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane - ethanol solution, and adjust the pH value to 8 ± 5 to hydrolyze heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, and make the hydrolysis product of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane condense with polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane - modified polyvinyl alcohol ethanol aqueous solution.

[0033] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protective agent on the six surfaces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A onto the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B onto the section sprayed with Component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0034] Example 5 Preparation of Archaeological Section Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: In a glass container, disperse 20 g of polyacrylamide in 980 mL of water. When the water temperature is heated to 40 °C - 45 °C, set the stirring speed to 100 revolutions per minute and stir for 2 h until there are no particles in the solution to obtain a polyacrylamide aqueous solution with a concentration of 2%.

[0035] The protection method is to spray an archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray component B on the section sprayed with component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0036] Example 6 Preparation of the archaeological section protection agent Prepare component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain component A; Prepare component B: In a glass container, disperse 26 g of polyacrylamide in 974 mL of water. When the water temperature is heated to 40°C - 45°C, set the stirring speed to 100 revolutions per minute and stir for 2 h until there are no particles in the solution to obtain a 2.6% polyacrylamide aqueous solution.

[0037] The protection method is to spray an archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray component B on the section sprayed with component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0038] Example 7 Preparation of the archaeological section protection agent Prepare component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 and calcine at 500°C for 30 min to obtain component A; Prepare component B: In a glass container, disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85°C - 90°C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0039] The protection method is to spray an archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray component B on the section sprayed with component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0040] Example 8 Preparation of Archaeological Section Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2, and calcine at 400 °C for 30 min to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: Disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water in a glass container, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85 °C - 90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0041] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protective agent on six surfaces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 200 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B on the section sprayed with Component A, with a spraying amount of 200 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, naturally dry at room temperature for 2 days.

[0042] Example 9 Preparation of Archaeological Section Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: Disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water in a glass container, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85 °C - 90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution; In a glass container, disperse 26 g of polyacrylamide in 974 mL of water. When the water temperature is heated to 40 °C - 45 °C, set the stirring speed to 100 revolutions per minute and stir for 2 h until there are no particles in the solution to obtain a 2.6% polyacrylamide aqueous solution; Completely mix the above - obtained polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and polyacrylamide aqueous solution to obtain Component B.

[0043] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protective agent on six surfaces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B on the section sprayed with Component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, naturally dry at room temperature for 2 days.

[0044] Example 10 Preparation of Archaeological Section Protective Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2, and calcine at 400 - 500 °C for 30 min to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: In a glass container, disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85 - 90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution; In a glass container, disperse 26 g of polyacrylamide in 974 mL of water. When the water temperature is heated to 40 - 45 °C, set the stirring speed to 100 revolutions per minute and stir for 2 h until there are no particles in the solution to obtain a 2.6% polyacrylamide aqueous solution; Completely mix the above - obtained polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and polyacrylamide aqueous solution to obtain Component B.

[0045] The protection method is to spray the archaeological profile protection agent on six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1: Spray Component A on the profile, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2: Spray Component B on the profile sprayed with Component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, air - dry naturally at room temperature for 2 days.

[0046] Example 11 Preparation of Archaeological Profile Protection Agent Prepare Component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2, and calcine at 400 - 500 °C for 30 min to obtain Component A; Prepare Component B: Prepare a hydrophobic - modified polyvinyl alcohol ethanol aqueous solution; specifically as follows, In a glass container, disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 mL of water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85 - 90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution; Mix and dissolve 50 g of 3 - (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl trifluoride with 500 g of ethanol to obtain a 3 - (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl trifluoride - ethanol solution; Fully mix the above - mentioned polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and 3 - (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl trifluoride - ethanol solution, and adjust the pH value to 8 ± 5 to hydrolyze 3 - (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl trifluoride and make the hydrolysis product of 3 - (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl trifluoride condense with polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a fluorosilane - modified polyvinyl alcohol ethanol aqueous solution; In a glass container, 26 g of polyacrylamide was dispersed in 974 mL of water. When the water temperature was heated to 40°C - 45°C, the stirring speed was set at 100 revolutions per minute. After stirring for 2 h, there were no particles in the solution, and an aqueous polyacrylamide solution with a concentration of 2.6% was obtained. The ethanol aqueous solution of the fluorosilane-modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained above was completely mixed with the polyacrylamide aqueous solution to obtain Component B.

[0047] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B on the section sprayed with Component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0048] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 1 is that no section protection was carried out.

[0049] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that Component A only contains montmorillonite, specifically: Preparation of the archaeological section protection agent Prepare Component A: Montmorillonite; Prepare Component B: In a glass container, 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol was dispersed in 920 ml of water, slowly heated and stirred. When heated to 85°C - 90°C, stirring was continued for 2 h to obtain an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution with a concentration of 8%.

[0050] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray Component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray Component B on the section sprayed with Component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that Component A only contains fly ash, specifically: Preparation of the archaeological section protection agent Prepare Component A: Fly ash; Prepare Component B: In a glass container, 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol was dispersed in 920 ml of water, slowly heated and stirred. When heated to 85°C - 90°C, stirring was continued for 2 h to obtain an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution with a concentration of 8%.

[0052] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , and the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa; S2. Spray component B on the section sprayed with component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0053] Comparative Example 4 The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that it does not contain component B, specifically: Preparation of the archaeological section protection agent Prepare component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain component A; The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: S1. Spray component A on the section, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the powder spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0054] Comparative Example 5 The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that it only contains component B, specifically: Preparation of the archaeological section protection agent Prepare component B: Disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water in a glass container, slowly heat and stir, and when heated to 85°C - 90°C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0055] The protection method is to spray the archaeological section protection agent on the six faces of the soil block, specifically including: Spray component B on the section sprayed with component A, with a spraying amount of 300 g / m 2 , the spraying pressure is 0.2 Mpa, and after spraying, it is naturally dried at room temperature for 2 days.

[0056] Comparative Example 6 The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that components A and B are mixed and then sprayed, specifically: Preparation of the archaeological section protection agent Prepare component A: Mix montmorillonite and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain component A; Prepare component B: Disperse 80 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 920 ml of water in a glass container, slowly heat and stir, and when heated to 85°C - 90°C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an 8% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0057] The protection method is to mix component A and component B in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a protective agent; S1. Spray the sectional protective agent at a spraying amount of 600 g / m 2 , with a powder spraying pressure of 0.2 Mpa; after spraying, naturally dry at room temperature for 2 days.

[0058] Table 1 Key parameter conditions table of the protective agents obtained in each example and comparative example Take the samples obtained in each of the above examples and comparative examples and measure the mass of the samples. Then, place the samples in a thermostatic and humidistatic test chamber for dry-wet cycling and freeze-thaw tests. The test process of the thermostatic and humidistatic test chamber is set as shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 as shown. Then, place the samples in a weathering test chamber, set the wind speed to 20 m / s, and measure the mass of the samples after placing them for 8 hours; Take the samples obtained in each of the above examples and comparative examples and measure the mass of the samples. Then, place the samples in a thermostatic and humidistatic test chamber for dry-wet cycling and freeze-thaw tests. The test process of the thermostatic and humidistatic test chamber is set as shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 as shown. Then, place the samples in a rain erosion simulation test chamber, set the rainfall to 20 mm / h, conduct the test for 30 min, take out the samples, and measure the mass of the samples after rain erosion after drying at 70°C for 2 h.

[0059] Take the samples obtained in each of the above examples and comparative examples and measure the mass of the samples. Then, place the samples in a thermostatic and humidistatic test chamber for dry-wet cycling and freeze-thaw tests. The test process of the thermostatic and humidistatic test chamber is set as shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 as shown. Then, place the samples in a rain erosion simulation test chamber, set the rainfall to 20 mm / h, conduct the test for 60 min, take out the samples, and measure the mass of the samples after rain erosion after drying at 70°C for 3 h.

[0060] The test results are shown in Table 3 in detail.

[0061] Table 2 Timing control table of dry-wet cycling and freeze-thaw tests for each sample Temperature / °C Humidity / %RH Time increment / min Accumulated time / min 25 45 0 0 -20 5 30 30 -20 5 150 180 50 95 60 240 50 95 150 390 25 45 30 420 25 45 60 480 -20 5 30 510 -20 5 150 660 50 95 60 720 50 95 150 870 25 45 30 920 25 45 60 960 -20 5 30 990 -20 5 150 1140 50 95 60 1200 50 95 150 1350 25 45 30 1380 25 45 60 1440 Table 3 Test results of the weathering test performance of the samples obtained in each example and comparative example Table 4 Test results of the rain erosion test performance of the samples obtained in each example and comparative example In Comparative Example 1, no protective agent was sprayed. After the weathering test and rain erosion test, the mass loss rate was obvious. It shows that the unprotected sectional sandy soil is loose and has low strength.

[0062] In Comparative Example 4, only Component A was sprayed. After the weathering test, the mass loss rate was obvious and higher than that in Comparative Example 1. It is speculated that the reason is that Component B was not sprayed, resulting in the loss of some Component A during the weathering test. After the rain erosion test, the mass loss rate was obvious. The mass loss after 30 minutes of rain erosion was 3.42%, and the mass loss after 60 minutes was 7.39%. The difference between the loss amounts at 30 minutes and 60 minutes was large, indicating that in the early stage, due to the absorption of rainwater by montmorillonite and fly ash, the rain erosion loss amount was small. After 60 minutes of rain erosion, since the absorption of rainwater by montmorillonite and fly ash was saturated, more water could not be absorbed, resulting in an increase in the rain erosion loss amount.

[0063] In Comparative Example 2, only montmorillonite remained in the sprayed Component A. After the weathering test, the mass loss rate was obvious but lower than that in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4. It is speculated that the reason is that Component B was sprayed, and Component B has a bonding effect on Component A and the test sample body, reducing the weathering mass loss amount. After the rain erosion test, the mass loss rate was obvious, and the loss amount was smaller than that in Comparative Example 4, indicating that Component B has a bonding effect on Component A and the test sample body, improving the strength of the test sample. However, the erosion amount was still relatively large, indicating that as the rainfall increased, due to the limited ability of montmorillonite to fill the gaps in the sandified test sample, the collapse of the sandified voids occurred in the later stage, resulting in an increase in the rain erosion loss amount.

[0064] In Comparative Example 3, only fly ash remained in the sprayed Component A. After the weathering test and the rain erosion test, the mass loss rate was obvious but lower than that in Comparative Example 2. The particle size of fly ash is larger, and its ability to fill voids is higher than that of montmorillonite.

[0065] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 5, the protective agent only contains Component B, which is sprayed on the surface of the test sample. After the weathering test and the rain erosion test, the mass loss rate is obvious, indicating that the method in Comparative Example 5 cannot effectively protect the profile. It is speculated that the reason is that Component A is not included, resulting in the inability of the protective agent to effectively fill the gaps between the soil particles in the sandified soil profile, leading to low soil body strength and poor weathering resistance and rain erosion resistance.

[0066] In Comparative Example 6, Component A and Component B were mixed and then sprayed on the surface of the test sample. After the weathering test and the rain erosion test, the mass loss rate was obvious, indicating that the method in Comparative Example 6 cannot effectively protect the profile. It is speculated that the reason is that the particle size of Component A in the protective agent obtained by mixing Component A and Component B was further increased, resulting in the inability of Component A to effectively penetrate into the sandified profile soil, so the deep soil protection of the profile cannot be achieved.

[0067] The difference in the mass loss rate of the test samples obtained in Examples 1 to 2 after the weathering test and the rain erosion test was small, indicating that there are certain differences in the surface protection ability of Component A and Component B with different control parameters.

[0068] Example 1: The A and B components are sprayed. The B component is an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The mass loss rates after the weathering test and the rain erosion test are significantly lower than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. The possible reasons are as follows: Montmorillonite absorbs water in the B component and swells to fill large pores, and fly ash particles are fine and can further fill micro-pores. The combination of the two improves the soil density. The polyvinyl alcohol solution penetrates into the soil pores and forms a gelatinous film after drying, enhancing the adhesion between particles. At the same time, it can form a gradient filling structure with the A component material, improving the strength of the sandy soil trace profile. The interlayer swelling of montmorillonite buffers the stress distribution, and fly ash enhances the soil strength through solidification, jointly inhibiting the structural damage caused by dry-wet cycles and freeze-thaw cycles. Polyvinyl alcohol can adsorb and lock water, reducing the dry shrinkage cracks caused by rapid water loss in the soil. After the combination of polyvinyl alcohol with fly ash and montmorillonite, the looseness of the soil is reduced, and the strength of the sandy soil relic profile is improved. Therefore, during the subsequent weathering test and rain erosion test, the mass loss is low.

[0069] Example 3: The A and B components are sprayed. The B component is a polyvinyl alcohol solution modified with 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane. The polyvinyl alcohol modified with 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane has certain hydrophobic properties, reducing the water absorption of the soil quality, inhibiting the soil structure damage caused by dry-wet cycles and freeze-thaw cycles, thereby improving the strength of the specimen, and can effectively block the penetration of rainwater and the erosion of wind and sand. As a result, the mass loss of the specimen in the rain erosion and weathering tests is significantly lower than that in Example 1.

[0070] The difference between Example 4 and Example 3 is that the B component is a polyvinyl alcohol solution modified with 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-heptadecafluoropropyltrimethoxysilane. The polyvinyl alcohol modified with 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-heptadecafluoropropyltrimethoxysilane has stronger loosening ability. At the same time, since the modification of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-heptadecafluoropropyltrimethoxysilane occupies fewer hydroxyl groups in polyvinyl alcohol than in Example 3, therefore, while the loosening ability of Example 4 is improved, the binding property between polyvinyl alcohol and the A component and soil particles is not significantly reduced. Therefore, the specimen of Example 4 has higher strength and stronger resistance to rain erosion and wind and sand erosion.

[0071] Examples 5 to 6: The A and B components are sprayed. The B component is an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide. The mass loss rates after the weathering test and the rain erosion test have little difference. The mass loss rate after the weathering test and the rain erosion test in Example 6 is slightly higher than that in Example 1. The possible reason may be the difference in dosage.

[0072] Examples 7 - 8 sprayed Component A and Component B. Component A is the product of calcining the mixture of montmorillonite and fly ash at 400°C - 500°C. The mass loss rates after the weathering test and rain erosion test in Examples 7 - 8 are smaller than those in Example 1. The speculated reason is that calcination can promote the cementation reaction between montmorillonite and fly ash, improve the adsorption capacity and particle strength of montmorillonite and fly ash, thereby enhancing the ability of the protective agent to inhibit the soil structure damage caused by dry - wet cycles and freeze - thaw cycles, increasing the strength of the specimen, and thus reducing the mass loss of the specimen compared to Example 1 in the rain erosion and weathering tests. The performance of Example 8 is slightly weaker than that of Example 7. The speculated reason is that the calcination temperature of Component A in Example 8 is low, and the spraying amount of the protective agent in Example 8 is slightly less.

[0073] Example 9 sprayed Component A and Component B. Component B is a mixture of an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide. The mass loss rates after the weathering test and rain erosion test in Example 9 are smaller than those in Example 1. The speculated reason is that the aqueous solution of polyacrylamide can improve the penetration ability of Component B in the specimen, promote the penetration of the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol into the deep - layer test soil, fill the micropores, form a gelatinous film to enhance the adhesion between sand particles and Component A, reduce the permeability of the desertified soil, and increase the density, thereby enhancing the strength. On the other hand, the water - absorbency of polyacrylamide can quickly lock in water and delay the water - loss rate of the sand; the water - retention property of polyvinyl alcohol water slowly releases water, which can reduce the soil structure damage caused by dry - wet cycles and freeze - thaw cycles, thereby enhancing the strength of the specimen, and reducing the mass loss of the specimen compared to Example 1 in the rain erosion and weathering tests.

[0074] Example 10 is different from Example 9 in that Component A is the product of calcining the mixture of montmorillonite and fly ash at 500°C. The mass loss rate after the weathering test and rain erosion test in Example 10 is less than that in Example 9. The speculated reason is the same as that in Example 6, that is, calcination can promote the cementation reaction between montmorillonite and fly ash, and improve the adsorption capacity and particle strength of montmorillonite and fly ash.

[0075] Example 11 is different from Example 10 in that the polyvinyl alcohol solution in Component B is a polyvinyl alcohol solution modified by 3 - (trimethoxysilyl) - 1 - propanol. The mass loss rate after the weathering test and rain erosion test in Example 11 is less than that in Example 10. The speculated reason is the same as that in Example 3, that is, the polyvinyl alcohol modified by 3 - (trimethoxysilyl) - 1 - propanol has certain hydrophobic properties, which can reduce the water absorption of the soil, inhibit the soil structure damage caused by dry - wet cycles and freeze - thaw cycles, and thus increase the strength of the specimen.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An archaeological profile protective agent, characterized in that, It includes the following components: Component A includes montmorillonite and fly ash, and the mass ratio of the montmorillonite to the fly ash is 1:0.8 - 1.2; Component B includes an organic adhesive polymer and a solvent, and the concentration of the organic adhesive polymer is 2% - 8%.

2. The archaeological profile protective agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, Component A is a product obtained by roasting the mixture of montmorillonite and fly ash at 400 - 500 °C.

3. The archaeological profile protection agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic adhesive polymer includes at least any one of polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol.

4. The archaeological profile protective agent according to claim 1, wherein The organic adhesive polymer includes polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:3 - 4.

5. The archaeological profile protection agent according to claim 2, wherein The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol does not exceed 80,000, and the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide does not exceed 12 million.

6. The archaeological profile protection agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol does not exceed 150 mesh, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide does not exceed 80 mesh.

7. The archaeological profile protection agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The polyvinyl alcohol is a hydrophobically modified polyvinyl alcohol, and the modification method is as follows: In a container, disperse the polyvinyl alcohol in water, slowly heat and stir. When heated to 85 - 90 °C, continuously stir for 2 h to obtain an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution; Dissolve fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane and ethanol in a mass ratio of 1:8 - 1:10 to obtain a fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane - ethanol solution; Fully mix the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution and the fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane - ethanol solution, and adjust the pH value to 7.5 - 8.5 to hydrolyze the fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane and make the hydrolysis product of the fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane undergo a condensation reaction with the polyvinyl alcohol to obtain fluorosilane - modified polyvinyl alcohol.

8. The archaeological profile protection agent according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane includes at least one of 3,3,3 - trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, nonafluorohexyltrimethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane.

9. An archaeological profile protection method, characterized in that, It includes: Spray Component A on the section; spray Component B on the section where Component A has been sprayed, and complete the section protection after natural drying.

10. The archaeological profile protection method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The spraying amount of component A is 200~400 g / m 2 ; The spraying amount of component B is 200~400 g / m 2 .

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