Hydraulic engineering sediment deposition measuring device and measuring method

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the related technical field of water conservancy projects, and provides a water conservancy project sediment deposition measuring device and method.The water conservancy project sediment deposition measuring device comprises a shell and a main rod, and the main rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the shell; the sleeve is connected to the outer side of the main rod in a sliding mode, and a pressing plate is installed at the bottom of the sleeve; the downward pressing assembly is used for driving the sleeve to move, the downward pressing assembly is installed at the bottom of the shell, and the bottom of the shell is further provided with an infrared distance meter used for measuring the thickness of sludge; the pressure detection mechanism is used for detecting the water pressure under the current depth, and the pressure detection mechanism is installed at the bottom of the main rod. The device does not need to make direct contact with a bottom hard layer, adapts to different types of sedimentary environments, and improves the reliability and stability of measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and specifically to a measuring device and method for sediment deposition in water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] In water conservancy projects, the accumulation of silt will have an adverse impact on the flow of water, the storage capacity, and the safety of hydraulic structures. Therefore, accurately measuring the thickness of the silt layer is an important link to ensure the normal operation of the project. However, in practical applications, the existing silt thickness measurement technologies often fail to provide stable and accurate measurement results.

[0003] Common mechanical measurement devices, such as sounding rods and settlement disks, rely on the device itself to sink into the silt layer to read the scale. This method is easily affected by water flow, resulting in the device shaking or the contact surface being unclear, thus making the measurement results unstable. In the case of multiple layers of silt or a large change in density, mechanical detection cannot effectively distinguish the boundaries of each layer, and the measurement error is large.

[0004] Ultrasonic measurement technology usually uses echo signals to calculate the thickness of the silt layer. However, the propagation of sound waves is affected by water temperature, salinity, and suspended particles, and the signals will attenuate or distort. In turbid water areas, the signals are unstable, the measurement error increases, and it is difficult to accurately judge the boundary of the silt layer when the acoustic reflection characteristics are not obvious.

[0005] Optical ranging devices, such as lasers or infrared light, can provide high precision when the water quality is clear. However, in turbid water areas, the suspended particles in the water will weaken the light signals, resulting in a decrease in ranging accuracy. The equipment is often disturbed by water flow underwater, with poor stability, and the measurement axis is prone to deviation, affecting the accuracy of the results.

[0006] In terms of data collection and transmission, traditional devices rely on manual reading or simple wireless transmission, and it is difficult to achieve real-time data transmission in deep water areas. In complex environments, the wireless signal attenuation is serious, and data is lost or delayed, affecting the measurement efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, the existing measurement technologies often have difficulty providing accurate and reliable silt thickness data in multiple depositions, turbid water areas, and dynamic water flows, and cannot meet the requirements of high-precision measurement. In view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to provide a measuring device and method for sediment deposition in water conservancy projects to overcome the deficiencies in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a measuring device and method for sediment deposition in water conservancy projects, aiming to solve the problems in the above background art.

[0009] The present invention is implemented as follows. A measuring device for sediment deposition in water conservancy projects includes:

[0010] A housing and a main rod, the main rod being fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing;

[0011] A sleeve, the sleeve being slidably connected to the outside of the main rod, and a pressing plate being installed at the bottom of the sleeve;

[0012] A downward pressing assembly for driving the sleeve to move, the downward pressing assembly being installed at the bottom of the housing, and an infrared rangefinder for measuring the thickness of silt being further provided at the bottom of the housing;

[0013] And a pressure detection mechanism for detecting the water pressure at the current depth, the pressure detection mechanism being installed at the bottom of the main rod.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present invention: the downward pressing assembly includes a motor, a threaded rod and a pressing rod, the pressing rod being fixedly connected to the top of the sleeve, the motor being fixedly connected to the inside of the housing, and a positioning rod being fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing, the threaded rod being connected to the output end of the motor, the pressing rod being threadedly connected to the outside of the threaded rod, and the pressing rod being slidably connected to the positioning rod to achieve stable movement.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present invention: the pressure detection mechanism includes a support rod, the support rod being fixedly connected to the bottom of the main rod, and a rod head being fixedly connected to one end of the support rod away from the main rod, an airbag being sleeved between the main rod and the rod head, and high-pressure gas being filled inside the airbag, and a pressure sensor for detecting the air pressure inside the airbag being installed at the bottom of the main rod.

[0016] As a further scheme of the present invention: a chute is provided in the middle of the sleeve, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the main rod, and the connecting rod is slidably connected to the middle of the chute.

[0017] As a further scheme of the present invention: a reflector is installed at the top of the pressing rod, and the reflector is aligned with the infrared rangefinder.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present invention: it further includes a torque sensor for monitoring the torque change of the motor, and the threaded rod is installed in the middle of the torque sensor.

[0019] As a further scheme of the present invention: it further includes an inclination sensor for real-time monitoring of the inclination angle of the device, and the inclination sensor is fixedly installed on the outside of the housing.

[0020] As a further scheme of the present invention: a wireless signal transmitter for real-time transmission of measurement data is further provided on the housing.

[0021] A method for measuring sediment deposition in a water conservancy project, applied to the water conservancy project sediment deposition measuring device as described above, the method comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1. Device Arrangement: Arrange the sediment deposition measurement device for water conservancy projects in the target water area by unmanned boat or manually, and perform initial calibration;

[0023] S2. Main Rod Insertion and Air Pressure Detection: Drive the main rod to press down vertically into the silt layer, and detect the change in air pressure inside the airbag through the air pressure sensor to determine the sediment layer distribution at the current depth;

[0024] S3. Press Plate Measurement of Silt Thickness: Drive the press plate to press down to the surface of the silt layer, and monitor the torque change of the motor through the torque sensor to judge the position and thickness of the silt layer;

[0025] S4. Infrared Distance Measurement and Data Acquisition: Measure the distance between the extrusion rod and the bottom of the housing through the infrared rangefinder to calculate the silt thickness, and collect position and depth data;

[0026] S5. Multi-point Measurement and Data Integration: Conduct multi-point measurements at different positions and integrate the data through the interpolation algorithm;

[0027] S. Data Transmission and Modeling: Transmit the measurement data to the remote system through the wireless signal transmitter, and form the distribution analysis of river channel sediment deposition through data integration and modeling.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: In S2, the measurement data of the air pressure sensor is expressed as:

[0029] P = P0 + ρgh;

[0030] Where: P is the water pressure at the current depth; P0 is the reference pressure at the water surface; ρ is the water density; g is the acceleration due to gravity; h is the depth at which the main rod is currently inserted.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0032] 1. The present invention realizes the high-precision measurement of silt thickness through the technical solution of adopting a sealed airbag type measurement structure combined with an air pressure sensor. Compared with the traditional insertion rod type measurement method, this solution avoids the disturbance effect of the rigid detection method on the sediment layer. When the sealed airbag sinks into the silt, the internal air pressure will generate corresponding feedback signals with the change of depth. The air pressure sensor accurately calculates the silt thickness by measuring the pressure difference inside and outside the airbag. This solution does not need to directly contact the bottom hard layer, adapts to different types of deposition environments, and improves the reliability and stability of the measurement.

[0033] 2. The multi-sensor collaborative measurement module of the present invention combines a barometric pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a water depth sensor, and can provide more comprehensive environmental parameters. Compared with the single-sensor measurement method, this solution solves the problem of the influence of environmental factors on the measurement accuracy. For example, temperature changes may affect the gas density, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy of the barometric pressure sensor. Therefore, the system can perform real-time compensation by combining the data of the temperature sensor to improve the accuracy and consistency of the data.

[0034] 3. The present invention adopts a spatial interpolation and data fusion strategy to achieve the supplementation of missing data between measurement points, and optimizes the data accuracy through algorithms such as Kalman filtering. Compared with the traditional method of processing data from individual sensors, it overcomes the problem of large measurement errors, makes the data more coherent and predictable, and ensures the consistency of data in different water environments.

[0035] 4. The present invention enables the measurement data to be transmitted to the remote platform in real time through wireless data transmission combined with GPS positioning, and accurately calibrates the position of each measurement point at the same time. Different from the traditional methods of manual recording or wired transmission, it avoids the problems of inconvenient data storage and difficult repeated comparison of measurement positions, and greatly improves the automation degree of the system and the data management efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the pressing component in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the installation position of the torque sensor in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the airbag in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the installation position of the reflector in the present invention.

[0042] In the accompanying drawings: 1. outer shell; 2. main rod; 3. sleeve; 4. rod head; 5. connecting rod; 6. extrusion rod; 7. motor; 8. torque sensor; 9. threaded rod; 10. chute; 11. positioning rod; 12. support rod; 13. airbag; 14. air pressure sensor; 15. inclination sensor; 16. wireless signal transmitter; 17. infrared rangefinder; 18. reflector; 19. pressing plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0046] The present invention will be further explained and described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners.

[0047] Please refer to Figures 1 - 5, a sediment deposition measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The sediment deposition measurement device for water conservancy projects includes a housing 1. A main rod 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 1. A sleeve 3 is slidably connected to the outside of the main rod 2. A downward pressing assembly is installed at the bottom of the housing 1. The whole device is inserted into the sediment deposition position. By inserting the main rod 2 downward, it penetrates deep into the sediment deposition. The sleeve 3 is installed outside the downward pressing assembly. The downward pressing assembly includes a motor 7, a threaded rod 9, and a pressing rod 6. The motor 7 is fixedly connected inside the housing 1. The threaded rod 9 is threadedly connected to the outer circumference of the pressing rod 6. The pressing rod 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the sleeve 3. The bottom output end of the motor 7 is fixedly connected to the threaded rod 9. By driving the motor 7 to work, the threaded rod 9 is driven to rotate, so that the pressing rod 6 outside the threaded rod 9 moves up and down, thereby driving the sleeve 3 to move up and down synchronously. A positioning rod 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 1. The pressing rod 6 is slidably connected to the outside of the positioning rod 11. The position of the pressing rod 6 is restricted by the positioning rod 11 to ensure the stability of the movement of the pressing rod 6.

[0048] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 4 , a pressing plate 19 is installed at the bottom of the sleeve 3. When the sleeve 3 moves downward, it drives the pressing plate 19 to move downward synchronously. A pressure detection mechanism is installed at the bottom of the main rod 2. The pressure monitoring mechanism is used to detect the water pressure at the current depth. The pressure detection mechanism includes a support rod 12. The support rod 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main rod 2. The other end of the support rod 12 is fixedly connected to a rod head 4. During the downward pressing of the main rod 2, the rod head 4 is pushed into the sludge. The sludge is broken by the rod head 4 to realize the arrangement of the entire measurement device. An airbag 13 is sleeved between the main rod 2 and the rod head 4. The airbag 13 is filled with high-pressure gas. A barometric pressure sensor 14 is installed at the bottom of the main rod 2 to detect the air pressure inside the airbag 13. The air pressure inside the airbag 13 is detected by the barometric pressure sensor 14. When the main rod 2 and the rod head 4 are pressed downward and enter the sludge, the sludge and water body squeeze the airbag 13, indicating that the airbag 13 undergoes a structural deformation and compresses the air inside the airbag 13, causing the air pressure inside the airbag 13 to increase. After being detected by the barometric pressure sensor 14, the air pressure data is uploaded to determine the sludge depth.

[0049] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 3, a chute 10 is provided in the middle of the casing 3. A connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the main rod 2. The connecting rod 5 is slidably connected to the middle of the chute 10. The casing 3 is limited by the chute 10 and the connecting rod 5 to ensure the stability of the casing 3 during movement. A infrared rangefinder 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 1. A reflector 18 is installed on the top of the extrusion rod 6. The infrared rangefinder 17 and the reflector 18 are aligned with each other. The infrared rangefinder 17 emits an infrared beam. After being reflected by the reflector 18, it returns to the inside of the infrared rangefinder 17. The thickness of the silt is calculated by calculating the time difference between emitting the infrared light and receiving the reflected light. An inclination sensor 15 and a wireless signal transmitter 16 are fixedly connected to the outer side of the housing 1. The inclination sensor 15 is used to judge the inclination of the whole measuring device. A torque sensor 8 is installed on the outer side of the main rod 2. The threaded rod 9 is installed in the middle of the torque sensor 8. The torque sensor 8 is used to detect the torque received during the rotation of the threaded rod 9 and transmit the data signal through the wireless signal transmitter 16, so as to realize data collection. When the increase in the torque strength is relatively large, it means that the bottom of the pressing plate 19 is in contact with the silt. When the torque exceeds the set threshold, the operation of the motor 7 is stopped, so as to cooperate with the infrared rangefinder 17 to complete the measurement of the silt thickness.

[0050] Please refer to Figures 1 - 5 , a method for measuring sediment deposition in a water conservancy project provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to the water conservancy project sediment deposition measuring device as described above. The method includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. Device arrangement: Arrange the water conservancy project sediment deposition measuring device in the target water area by an unmanned boat or manually, and ensure the normal operation of each component;

[0052] In the process of measuring sediment deposition in a water conservancy project, device arrangement and positioning are crucial links, which directly affect the accuracy of subsequent measurements and the validity of data. The present invention provides a method for arranging a measuring device based on an unmanned boat or manual operation to ensure that the device can be stably positioned in the target water area and smoothly carry out sediment deposition measurement work. Generally, the measuring device needs to have the ability to resist water flow interference and be able to adapt to different water depths and bottom shapes. During implementation, the arrangement method should be reasonably adjusted according to the water area environment, measurement objectives and device characteristics.

[0053] In this embodiment, the sediment deposition measurement device for water conservancy projects is arranged by using an unmanned boat platform or manual operation. As an option, the unmanned boat platform can autonomously navigate to the target measurement point and perform precise positioning through the GPS and inertial navigation systems. Specifically, the unmanned boat is equipped with a measurement device, a data acquisition module, and a wireless communication system, and can operate stably on the water surface and adjust its position in real time to adapt to the influence of water flow. In some embodiments, the manual operation method is applicable to the measurement of static water areas or small water areas. The measurement device is slowly placed into the water manually and fixed by using a tether or a bracket to ensure the vertical stability of the measurement device.

[0054] The main components of the sediment deposition measurement device for water conservancy projects (hereinafter referred to as the device) include a main rod 2, an airbag 13, a torque sensor 8, an infrared rangefinder 17, a data acquisition unit, etc. When arranging the device, it is necessary to ensure that all components are firmly connected and necessary debugging is carried out. Specifically, the main rod 2 should be in a vertical state to ensure that it can move in the vertical direction after being inserted into the water body and avoid measurement errors caused by tilting. The airbag 13 needs to be pre-inflated to an appropriate pressure to ensure that it can accurately sense external pressure changes after entering the water body.

[0055] To improve the stability and anti-interference ability of the device, in some embodiments, a stable bracket can be configured at the bottom of the measurement device. The bracket adapts to different water depth environments through a telescopic mechanism and provides additional support force to reduce the shaking caused by water flow. In another possible implementation, an automatic leveling system can be installed on the unmanned boat. This system adjusts the device attitude in real time based on the inertial measurement unit to ensure that the measurement device always remains in a vertical state.

[0056] After the measurement device is arranged, the system needs to perform initial calibration. Specifically, the calibration process includes the following aspects:

[0057] Position calibration: Confirm the spatial position of the device through the GPS module and the inertial navigation system and match it with the measurement coordinate system.

[0058] Pressure sensor calibration: Adjust the initial inflation state of the airbag 13 so that it maintains the reference pressure value in the water surface environment, so as to have an accurate reference benchmark when detecting air pressure changes subsequently.

[0059] Torque sensor 8 calibration: Before the device touches the silt layer, record the no-load torque value of the motor 7 so as to accurately determine the resistance change corresponding to the torque change during the subsequent measurement process.

[0060] Infrared ranging system calibration: Ensure that the alignment angle between the infrared rangefinder 17 and the reflector 18 is correct to avoid error accumulation affecting the ranging accuracy.

[0061] To improve the measurement accuracy, the measuring device can be equipped with an inclination angle compensation system. This system can, through the inclination angle sensor 15 installed on the device, monitor the inclination angle of the device in real time and perform attitude adjustment through a feedback control system to eliminate the inclination influence caused by water flow or installation errors. In specific implementation, the data of the inclination angle sensor 15 can be used to adjust the movement path of the main rod 2 to ensure that it can still move along the predetermined direction after entering the water body and the sediment layer.

[0062] As an extended application, in some special water environments, such as areas with greater water depth or faster flow rate, damping devices can be added outside the device, such as flexible buoys or underwater stabilizers, to reduce the shaking or displacement of the device caused by external forces and improve the measurement stability and accuracy. In addition, in some cases, multi-point positioning technology can also be adopted. By arranging multiple reference stations on the water surface and using triangulation method to correct the device position in real time, the accuracy of data collection can be ensured.

[0063] In summary, the device layout and positioning method of the present invention can adapt to different water environments. Through various means such as unmanned ships, manual operation, automatic leveling systems, inclination compensation technologies, etc., it can ensure that the measuring device can complete the measurement task stably and efficiently, providing a reliable guarantee for the subsequent sediment deposition measurement work.

[0064] S2. Insertion of the main rod 2 and air pressure detection: Start the device, press the main rod 2 downward along the vertical direction, enter the silt layer, and detect the sediment layer distribution at the current depth through the air pressure change of the airbag 13;

[0065] After the device layout is completed and the initial calibration is completed, the measuring device will enter the stage of inserting the main rod 2 and contacting the airbag 13. The main objective of this step is to ensure that the measuring device accurately detects the position of the bottom sediment layer and obtains its initial depth information. Generally, the environment at the bottom of the water area is relatively complex, with sediment layers of different densities, sediments or substrate changes. Therefore, during the measurement process, it is necessary to combine pressure change monitoring and real-time data collection to ensure that the position of the silt layer can be accurately identified and provide a reference for subsequent thickness measurement.

[0066] In this embodiment, the main rod 2 is controlled by an automatic driving mechanism and slowly pushed downward along the vertical direction to penetrate the water body and finally contact the sediment deposition layer at the bottom of the water. As an option, the main rod 2 can be driven by an external structure to ensure that it moves at a constant speed during the movement process to reduce the error caused by external disturbances. Specifically, during the insertion of the main rod 2, the airbag 13 will enter the water body synchronously with the main rod 2, and the air pressure sensor 14 will record the change of the ambient pressure.

[0067] In a possible implementation manner, the measurement data of the air pressure sensor 14 can be expressed as:

[0068] P = P0 + ρgh;

[0069] Where: P is the water pressure at the current depth; P0 is the reference pressure at the water surface; ρ is the density of the water body (usually taken as 1000 kg / m 3 , and the specific value can be adjusted according to the water quality characteristics); g is the acceleration due to gravity (taken as 9.81 m / s 2 ); h is the depth at which the main rod is currently inserted.

[0070] Generally, when the main rod 2 is in the water body, the air pressure changes show a linear increasing trend. However, when it enters the silt layer, since the density of the silt is usually higher than that of the water body, the air pressure will have a non-linear mutation, that is, the slope increases. As an option, the air pressure change rate threshold can be set, that is, the change of dP / dh is calculated to identify when the main rod 2 enters the sediment layer.

[0071] In some embodiments, data fitting and filtering algorithms can be used to process the data collected by the air pressure sensor 14 to reduce the short-term fluctuations caused by water flow interference. Specifically, the Kalman filtering method can be used to optimize the continuous pressure data, filter out the noise, and improve the accuracy of depth measurement.

[0072] Specifically, when the system detects that the air pressure change reaches the preset threshold, it can be determined that the airbag 13 of the main rod 2 has entered the silt layer. At this time, the device will automatically record the current depth value and store this data in the data acquisition system. In some embodiments, the depth locking mechanism can be activated at this time, that is, while the main rod 2 continues to be pressed down, it briefly stays at the current depth to perform multiple pressure acquisitions to ensure the stability and accuracy of the measurement data.

[0073] In another possible implementation, to improve the environmental adaptability of the measurement, the device can be equipped with a multi-point air pressure sensing array, that is, multiple air pressure sensors 14 are installed at different height positions of the main rod 2 (for example, respectively set at the top, middle, and airbag 13 of the main rod 2), so as to obtain a more detailed water depth-air pressure change curve to improve the ability to identify different bottom sediment conditions. For example, in some water area environments, there may be a situation where a soft silt layer covers a hard sediment layer at the bottom. Through multi-sensor measurement, the distribution of different layers can be judged more clearly, and the depth range of the main sediment layer can be accurately locked.

[0074] In addition, in some complex water areas (such as areas with fast flow rates or obvious underwater flows), it may cause the main rod 2 to tilt or shift slightly during the measurement process, thus affecting the accuracy of depth measurement. In this case, the data of the inertial measurement unit can be combined to perform a compensation calculation on the inclination angle change of the main rod 2. Specifically, let the inclination angle of the main rod be θ, then the actual insertion depth h real can be calculated by the correction formula:

[0075] h real = h measured cos(θ);

[0076] Where: h real is the corrected true depth; h measured is the uncorrected measured depth; θ is the inclination angle of the main rod (measured by the IMU).

[0077] In some embodiments, historical measurement data can be combined, and a depth calibration algorithm can be adopted, that is, based on the barometric pressure-depth data obtained at multiple measurement points, the average deviation value is calculated and real-time correction is performed during subsequent measurement processes to further improve the measurement accuracy.

[0078] In summary, in this embodiment, through various technical means such as the automatic insertion of the main rod 2, the real-time monitoring of the barometric pressure sensor 14, data fitting and filtering processing, multi-point sensing array detection, and inclination compensation algorithm, it is ensured that the position of the silt layer can be accurately judged, and an accurate depth reference value can be provided for the subsequent thickness measurement step.

[0079] S3. The pressing plate 19 measures the thickness of the silt: The driving motor 7 drives the threaded rod 9 to rotate, so that the pressing plate 19 presses down to the surface of the silt layer, and the torque change of the motor 7 is monitored through the torque sensor 8 to judge the position and thickness of the silt layer;

[0080] After the main rod 2 is inserted into the water body and the position of the silt layer is determined, the measuring device enters the stage of the pressing plate 19 contacting the silt and measuring the thickness of the silt. The key to this step is to accurately identify the thickness of the silt layer and avoid measurement errors caused by fluid disturbance or local density changes. Generally, the distribution of the silt thickness at the bottom of the water may be uneven, so it is necessary to comprehensively utilize technologies such as mechanical pressing plate 19 detection, torque monitoring, and infrared ranging to achieve accurate measurement.

[0081] In this embodiment, the pressing plate 19 is driven by the threaded rod 9 and moves downward along the direction of the main rod 2, gradually entering the silt layer. As an option, the motor 7 controls the rotation of the threaded rod 9, so that the pressing plate 19 slowly presses down, and the change of the resistance is monitored in real time through the torque sensor 8 to identify the position of the top of the silt layer. Specifically, when the pressing plate 19 enters the silt, the resistance it receives will increase rapidly, resulting in a sudden change in the torque value.

[0082] In a possible implementation manner, the measurement data of the torque sensor 8 can be expressed as:

[0083] T = k·d;

[0084] Where: T is the resistance torque measured by the torque sensor 8; k is the system stiffness coefficient, which depends on the characteristics of the threaded rod 9 and the motor 7; d is the displacement of the pressing plate 19, that is, the downward displacement distance of the pressing plate 19 along the main rod 2.

[0085] Generally, when the pressing plate 19 just enters the silt layer, the growth rate of the torque value is relatively low. When the pressing plate 19 is in full contact with and penetrates into the silt layer, the growth rate of the torque value rises rapidly, showing a non-linear change trend. As an option, a dynamic threshold of the torque change rate can be set, that is, calculate the change situation to determine the specific position where the pressing plate 19 contacts the silt layer.

[0086] In some embodiments, to reduce the measurement error caused by mechanical vibration, a damping device can be set on the threaded rod 9, for example, an air damping structure can be adopted to reduce the impact force when the pressing plate 19 presses down, ensuring a more stable measurement process. Specifically, the damping device can adjust the internal air pressure so that the initial stage when the pressing plate 19 contacts the silt is in a low-speed buffering mode to improve the measurement accuracy.

[0087] As another possible implementation, based on the monitoring of the torque sensor 8, the system can combine infrared ranging technology to further improve the accuracy of thickness measurement. The infrared emitter emits infrared signals to the silt layer below the pressing plate 19, and the reflector 18 is used to receive the reflected signals. By measuring the round-trip time t of the infrared signals, the infrared propagation distance d is calculated:

[0088]

[0089] where: c is the propagation speed of the infrared signal in water or silt, usually determined by experiments; t is the time interval from the emission to the reception of the infrared signal.

[0090] Generally, the infrared reflection characteristics of the silt layer are different from those of the water body, and both the intensity and propagation speed of the reflected signals are different. Therefore, multiple measurements and data fitting can be carried out to improve the accuracy of thickness calculation. In some embodiments, to reduce the influence of water flow on the ranging result, multi-band infrared measurement can be adopted, that is, infrared signals of different wavelengths are emitted simultaneously, and their reflection characteristics are analyzed to reduce the interference of environmental noise.

[0091] Specifically, the final silt thickness H can be calculated by the following formula:

[0092] H = h 压板 - d 红外 ;

[0093] where: h 压板 is the depth at which the pressing plate 19 enters the silt layer, determined by the torque change; d 红外 is the depth of the bottom position of the silt obtained by infrared ranging.

[0094] In some embodiments, to improve the measurement stability, the system can introduce a data fusion algorithm to jointly analyze the data from the torque sensor 8, infrared ranging, and the air pressure sensor 14, exclude abnormal data points, and enhance the measurement reliability. For example, when abnormal torque changes or large fluctuations in infrared ranging are detected, the system can automatically re-collect data and adopt methods such as mean filtering or adaptive weight calculation to optimize the final measurement result.

[0095] In addition, in some special environments, such as when the silt layer is soft or there are multiple layers of sediment, the multi-stage pressing plate 19 detection technology can be combined, that is, staying at different depth positions for a period of time and continuously monitoring the torque change trend to identify the distribution of different density layers. For example, at the bottom of some lakes, there may be a situation where soft sediment covers a dense sediment layer. At this time, by adjusting the pressing speed and monitoring period of the pressing plate 19, the detection ability for multi-layer sediment structures can be improved.

[0096] In summary, through various technical means such as torque monitoring, infrared ranging, damping control, and data fusion algorithms, this embodiment realizes high-precision measurement of the silt thickness, ensures that the measurement process has strong environmental adaptability, and provides accurate basic data for subsequent data analysis and silt treatment.

[0097] S4. Infrared Ranging and Data Acquisition: The infrared rangefinder 17 emits signals to measure the relative distance between the measuring device and the extrusion rod 6 to accurately calculate the silt thickness and collect relevant data such as position and depth;

[0098] After the main rod 2 is inserted and the depth of the silt layer is measured, the next step is to accurately calculate the thickness of the silt through infrared ranging technology. The key to this step lies in accurately measuring the distance change between the main rod 2 and the bottom substrate to determine the thickness of the silt layer. This process is closely connected to the aforementioned air pressure measurement step. With the cooperation of infrared ranging technology, the final thickness of the silt layer can be accurately determined.

[0099] In this embodiment, the infrared rangefinder 17 of the measuring device is installed at the lower end of the main rod 2, facing the bottom sediment layer. The infrared sensor calculates the vertical distance between the main rod 2 and the bottom substrate through the time difference between emitting infrared light and receiving the reflected light. This process is usually calculated by the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] Where: c is the propagation speed of the infrared signal in water or silt, usually determined by experiments; t is the time interval from the emission to the reception of the infrared signal.

[0102] Generally, infrared ranging technology is suitable for measuring short distances, so its measurement accuracy and real-time performance are relatively high, and it can effectively calculate the distance between the main rod 2 and the sediment layer. When the distance measured by the infrared sensor is compared with the sediment layer depth determined by the pressure sensor 14 previously, the thickness of the silt layer can be accurately calculated.

[0103] As an option, the infrared sensor can also perform real-time data calibration. Considering that the light propagation characteristics may vary in different water environments (such as the absorption and refraction of infrared light by water quality), the measurement accuracy can be improved by regularly calibrating the measurement system. Specifically, the measurement error of the infrared ranging sensor can be corrected by comparing the infrared ranging with the measurement results of the pressure sensor 14 at a standard measurement point with a known depth.

[0104] In some embodiments, when the main rod 2 is inserted into the sediment layer and touches the bottom sediment, the infrared sensor continuously monitors the changing distance between the main rod 2 and the bottom sediment. Once the measured distance to the bottom sediment exceeds the set threshold, the system automatically records this change and stores it in real time through the data acquisition system. This process ensures the accuracy of each measurement point and avoids error accumulation.

[0105] Specifically, the measurement system may involve a multiple reflection calibration process. In some embodiments, the upper part of the main rod 2 can also be equipped with an infrared sensor, so that reflected light data can be obtained from both above and below, and the reliability of the calculation can be improved through multi-point measurement. For example, by setting the change rule between multiple reflection points, the recognition ability for complex bottom sediment structures (such as the case where a thick silt layer covers a hard bottom layer) can be further improved.

[0106] In practical applications, the accuracy of infrared ranging technology depends on several key factors, including the light propagation medium, the working frequency of the sensor, and the reflection characteristics of the bottom sediment. Therefore, by setting an appropriate ranging range and sensor sensitivity, the stability and consistency of the measurement results can be ensured. Further, during the operation of the device, interference caused by water flow or impurities can also be removed through a filtering algorithm, thereby maintaining the purity and reliability of the measurement data.

[0107] In some complex water areas (such as areas with strong water flow or large fluctuations), the stability of the main rod 2 may be affected, resulting in unstable infrared ranging results. To avoid this situation, a dynamic compensation algorithm can be adopted. For example, by combining the water flow speed and the movement speed data of the main rod 2, the measurement error caused by external interference can be corrected. At this time, the infrared ranging system recalculates according to the corrected dynamic conditions to ensure the accuracy of each measurement result.

[0108] In another possible implementation, to further improve the real-time performance and accuracy of measurement, continuous tracking technology can be adopted during the measurement process, and the small changes between the main rod 2 and the bottom sediment are continuously monitored by the sensor. This method is particularly suitable for application scenarios where multiple silt layer measurements need to be completed within a short period of time, and can achieve continuous and efficient data collection.

[0109] In summary, through infrared ranging technology, real-time data collection and processing of sensors, dynamic compensation algorithms, and reflection calibration processes, this embodiment ensures the accuracy and stability of silt thickness measurement. Whether in relatively static waters or under dynamic water flow conditions, the thickness of the silt layer can be accurately calculated, providing reliable data support for subsequent bottom sediment research and engineering applications.

[0110] After the accurate measurement of the silt thickness is completed, the next step is to effectively store and transmit the collected measurement data. The data collection and wireless transmission steps are crucial because they ensure that the measurement data can be quickly and accurately transmitted to a remote device for further processing or monitoring. In this technical solution, through the cooperation of an efficient data collection system and a wireless transmission module, the data of each measurement point can be obtained and transmitted in real time.

[0111] In this embodiment, the data collection system is connected to the infrared ranging sensor and the barometric pressure sensor 14, and is responsible for real-time collection and processing of various data obtained by the sensors. Specifically, the data collection system obtains the distance data between the main rod 2 and the bottom sediment from the infrared sensor, and at the same time obtains the depth information of the silt layer from the barometric pressure sensor 14. After analyzing and integrating these raw data through the built-in processing module, the data is packaged into a format suitable for transmission and transmitted to the remote control platform.

[0112] In some embodiments, the data collection system adopts a low-power design to extend the service life of the device and reduce frequent battery replacement. Generally, the working cycle of the data collection system is closely related to the sampling frequency of the sensor. In the water environment, the sampling frequency of the sensor can usually be set to once per second, which can ensure the real-time performance of the data without generating too much data redundancy.

[0113] As an option, the wireless transmission module uses Wi-Fi or LTE networks for data transmission. Specifically, the data collection system uploads the collected data to a remote server or cloud platform through the wireless module, and the signal encryption during the data transmission process ensures the security of the data. The wireless transmission module can transmit the data to the remote computing platform in real time, facilitating the operator to monitor and analyze the data in real time.

[0114] In some embodiments, the data transmission process may be affected by the water environment, especially the stability of underwater devices and the quality of transmitted signals. Therefore, signal enhancement technology is introduced in this embodiment. Specifically, the transmission system can improve the reliability of data transmission, especially in areas with weak signals, by adjusting the transmission frequency, adding signal repeaters, etc. In addition, the system can also automatically cache data when a transmission interruption occurs and perform batch transmission when the signal is restored.

[0115] Specifically, the transmitted data includes, but is not limited to, the ranging data between the main rod 2 and the bottom substrate, the silt depth data provided by the barometric pressure sensor 14, and other environmental monitoring data. All data will be timestamped to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data. When the data reaches the remote platform, it can be displayed through a graphical interface, facilitating the operator to view the real-time measurement results and the change trends of historical data.

[0116] In another possible implementation, the data transmission system can also incorporate GPS positioning technology. By adding a GPS module, the system can record the accurate geographical location of each data acquisition point and provide more accurate measurement data through the association of location and data. For example, in a large lake or river area, using GPS positioning can accurately mark the location of the measurement points, providing more valuable information for subsequent bottom substrate surveys and environmental monitoring.

[0117] In addition, the system can be set to two modes: regular upload or event-triggered upload. When the system automatically uploads data at fixed time intervals (such as every hour or every day), it can ensure the continuity of the data; while when the system detects a specific event (such as a measurement value exceeding the set threshold), the data acquisition system will automatically trigger data upload, thus responding promptly to emergencies.

[0118] In some special environments, such as strong water currents or adverse weather conditions, the stability of the device and the reliability of wireless signal transmission may be affected to a certain extent. For this reason, anti-interference technology can be adopted, such as introducing multi-band transmission methods or improving the accuracy of data transmission through error correction algorithms. The error correction algorithm can effectively repair lost packets or error codes during the transmission process and ensure the integrity of the data.

[0119] In summary, the data acquisition and wireless transmission module in this embodiment accurately acquires sensor data and transmits the data to the remote platform in real time through wireless technology, ensuring the efficient transfer and real-time monitoring of the data. Under different environmental conditions, the system further improves the reliability and stability of data transmission through technologies such as signal enhancement and dynamic compensation, providing important technical support for silt layer monitoring and environmental protection.

[0120] S5. Multi-point measurement and data integration.

[0121] After completing single-point measurement and data acquisition, the further step is to conduct multi-point measurement and data integration. This process aims to improve the overall understanding of the thickness of the silt layer through data fusion at multiple measurement points, thereby optimizing the accuracy and spatial resolution of the measurement. Compared with single-point measurement, multi-point measurement can more comprehensively reflect the changing trend of the substrate distribution and provide richer basic data for subsequent environmental analysis.

[0122] In this embodiment, the measurement system adopts a multi-point layout strategy, that is, measurement devices are deployed at different positions, and data at multiple measurement points are collected and analyzed in real time. Generally, the infrared distance measurement sensor and the air pressure sensor 14 at each measurement point work independently and record the measurement data respectively. Subsequently, the data of all measurement points are synchronously transmitted to the data processing unit for unified integration and analysis.

[0123] Specifically, the data integration process of multi-point measurement can be divided into the following stages:

[0124] In some embodiments, data synchronization processing is applied to the integration link of multi-point measurement. Since there may be deviations in the acquisition time of each measurement point, the system will standardize the timestamps to ensure the synchronization of data at different measurement points. This process usually adopts a time synchronization algorithm, and its core calculation method is as follows:

[0125] T adjusted =T measured +ΔT;

[0126] Where: T adjusted is the corrected time; T measured is the original time recorded by the measurement device; ΔT is the time synchronization correction value, which is calculated from the difference between the system reference time and the time of each measurement point.

[0127] As an option, a spatial interpolation algorithm can be used to supplement the missing data between measurement points. When the spacing between measurement points is large, there may be unmeasured areas between adjacent measurement points. For this reason, the system can adopt the Kriging interpolation method or the inverse distance weighting interpolation method (IDW) to estimate the silt thickness in the intermediate area based on the data of existing measurement points. The basic calculation formula of the inverse distance weighting interpolation method is as follows:

[0128]

[0129] Where: Z(P) is the estimated value of the interpolation point; Z i is the measured value of the known measurement point; w i is the weight coefficient, and its general calculation method is d iis the distance from the interpolation point to the measurement point; p is the weight exponent, usually taking values between 1 and 3.

[0130] In some cases, data fusion algorithms can be used to integrate different measurement techniques. For example, there may be differences in measurement errors between infrared ranging data and the data of the barometric pressure sensor 14. To improve the measurement accuracy, the Kalman filtering algorithm can be used to fuse the data from different measurement sources to obtain a more accurate estimate of the silt thickness. Its core calculation model is:

[0131] X k = X k-1 + K k (Z k - HX k-1 );

[0132] Where: X k is the optimal estimate at the current moment; X k-1 is the estimate at the previous moment; K k is the Kalman gain; Z k is the current measurement value; H is the observation matrix.

[0133] In another possible implementation, a multi-layer data modeling method can be used to perform hierarchical analysis on the data in different measurement areas. For example, in a large lake or estuary area, the measurement points may be distributed in different depth layers, recording the silt data of the surface layer, middle layer, and bottom layer respectively. At this time, a hierarchical regression model can be used to fit the measurement results at different depths, so as to establish a more complete silt thickness distribution model.

[0134] In summary, this embodiment ensures the accuracy and integrity of the measurement data through the multi-point measurement strategy, time synchronization processing, spatial interpolation algorithm, data fusion algorithm, and hierarchical modeling method. Whether in a static water area or a complex flow field environment, this technical solution can provide high-precision silt thickness measurement results, providing reliable data support for water bottom sediment analysis and engineering applications.

[0135] S6. Data transmission and modeling: The measurement data is transmitted to the remote system in real time through the wireless signal transmitter 16, and through data integration and modeling, a distribution analysis of the river channel sediment deposition is formed.

[0136] After completing multi-point measurement and data integration, the further task is data analysis and modeling to extract the spatial distribution characteristics of the silt thickness and construct a mathematical model for accurate description. The goal of this step is not only limited to data collation, but also involves in-depth analysis of the measurement results to predict the silt change trend in different water environments. Through model optimization, the data utilization efficiency can be improved, providing a scientific basis for subsequent environmental monitoring, waterway management, and engineering decision-making.

[0137] In this embodiment, the data processing unit performs statistical analysis on the integrated multi-point measurement data and constructs a mathematical model based on different water environments. Generally, the system will first eliminate outliers from the data to eliminate the influence of measurement errors. For example, the Z-score method is used to detect outliers in the data, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Where: Z is the standardized score; X is the measured value; μ is the mean of the measurement area; σ is the standard deviation.

[0140] When |Z| > 3, the data is usually considered an outlier and needs to be further verified or eliminated.

[0141] As an option, the data processing unit can also use the trend analysis method to evaluate the change pattern of the silt thickness in different measurement areas. For example, the data is smoothed by moving average filtering to eliminate short-term fluctuations and improve the interpretability of the data. The moving average calculation method is as follows:

[0142]

[0143] Where: S t is the smoothed value at time t; X i is the historical measurement data; n is the moving window size.

[0144] In some embodiments, spatial modeling is used to describe the geographical distribution characteristics of the silt thickness. Specifically, geostatistical methods (such as Kriging interpolation) are used to establish a spatial prediction model of the silt thickness. The basic calculation formula of Kriging interpolation is as follows:

[0145]

[0146] Where: Z * (P) is the predicted thickness at position P; Z(P i ) is the thickness value at the measured point P i ; λ i is the interpolation weight, which is calculated by the covariance function.

[0147] Specifically, the covariance function can adopt the exponential model:

[0148] C(h) = C0 + C1e -h / a ;

[0149] Where: C(h) is the covariance value at distance h; C0 is the nugget effect; C1 is the sill; a is the range.

[0150] In another possible implementation, machine learning algorithms can be used to fit the data of the silt thickness. For example, a nonlinear prediction model can be established using support vector regression, which can adapt to complex environmental conditions. The optimization objective of SVR is as follows:

[0151]

[0152] where: w is the regression coefficient; C is the penalty factor; ξ i is the slack variable, which is used to allow some errors to exist.

[0153] In addition, in some complex water area environments, data modeling can also be combined with dynamic simulation, such as sediment transport simulation based on the finite element method. This method predicts the future deposition trend by solving the transport equation of silt under hydrodynamic action. Its basic control equations are as follows:

[0154]

[0155] where: C is the suspended sediment concentration; u is the water flow velocity vector; D is the diffusion coefficient; S is the sedimentation and resuspension source term.

[0156] In summary, in this embodiment, through various methods such as outlier rejection, trend analysis, spatial interpolation, machine learning modeling, and dynamic simulation, the accuracy and reliability of the silt thickness data analysis are ensured. Whether in a static lake, a tidal estuary, or a waterway area affected by human activities, this technology can provide high-resolution bottom sediment information and provide scientific support for environmental protection and engineering management.

[0157] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sediment deposition measurement device for hydraulic engineering, comprising a housing (1) and a main rod (2), the main rod (2) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing (1), characterized in that, It further includes: a sleeve (3) which is slidably connected to the outside of the main rod (2), and a pressing plate (19) is installed at the bottom of the sleeve (3); a downward pressing assembly for driving the sleeve (3) to move, the downward pressing assembly is installed at the bottom of the housing (1), and an infrared distance measuring instrument (17) for measuring the thickness of the silt is further provided at the bottom of the housing (1); and a pressure detection mechanism for detecting the water pressure at the current depth, the pressure detection mechanism is installed at the bottom of the main rod (2).

2. The sediment deposition measurement device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downward pressing assembly includes a motor (7), a threaded rod (9) and a pressing rod (6). The pressing rod (6) is fixedly connected to the top of the sleeve (3). The motor (7) is fixedly connected inside the housing (1), and a positioning rod (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing (1). The threaded rod (9) is connected to the output end of the motor (7). The pressing rod (6) is threadedly connected to the outside of the threaded rod (9), and the pressing rod (6) is slidably connected to the positioning rod (11) to achieve stable movement.

3. The sediment deposition measurement device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, wherein The pressure detection mechanism includes a support rod (12). The support rod (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main rod (2), and a rod head (4) is fixedly connected to the end of the support rod (12) away from the main rod (2). An airbag (13) is sleeved between the main rod (2) and the rod head (4), and the airbag (13) is filled with high-pressure gas. A pressure sensor (14) for detecting the air pressure inside the airbag (13) is installed at the bottom of the main rod (2).

4. The sediment deposition measuring device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A chute (10) is formed in the middle of the sleeve (3). A connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected to the outside of the main rod (2), and the connecting rod (5) is slidably connected to the middle of the chute (10).

5. The sediment deposition measuring device for hydraulic engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, A reflecting plate (18) is installed at the top of the pressing rod (6), and the reflecting plate (18) is aligned with the infrared distance measuring instrument (17).

6. The sediment deposition measuring device for water conservancy projects according to claim 2, characterized in that, It further includes a torque sensor (8) for monitoring the torque change of the motor (7), and the threaded rod (9) is installed in the middle of the torque sensor (8).

7. The sediment deposition measuring device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, wherein It further includes an inclination sensor (15) for real-time monitoring of the inclination angle of the device. The inclination sensor (15) is fixedly installed on the outside of the housing (1).

8. The sediment deposition measurement device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A wireless signal transmitter (16) for real-time transmission of measurement data is further provided on the housing (1).

9. A method for measuring sediment deposition in a water conservancy project, characterized in that, Applied to the water conservancy project sediment deposition measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method includes the following steps: S1. Device arrangement: Arrange the water conservancy project sediment deposition measuring device in the target water area by an unmanned ship or manually, and perform initial calibration; S2. Main rod insertion and air pressure detection: Drive the main rod (2) to press downward in the vertical direction, enter the silt layer, and detect the change of the air pressure inside the airbag (13) through the pressure sensor (14) to determine the distribution of the sediment layer at the current depth; S3. Pressing plate measures the thickness of the silt: Drive the pressing plate (19) to press down to the surface of the silt layer, and monitor the torque change of the motor (7) through the torque sensor (8) to judge the position and thickness of the silt layer; S4. Infrared ranging and data acquisition: Measure the distance between the extrusion rod (6) and the bottom of the housing (1) through an infrared rangefinder (17) to calculate the silt thickness, and collect position and depth data; S5. Multi-point measurement and data integration: Conduct multi-point measurements at different positions and integrate the data through an interpolation algorithm; S6. Data transmission and modeling: Transmit the measurement data to a remote system through a wireless signal transmitter (16), and through data integration and modeling, form a distribution analysis of river channel sediment deposition.

10. The method for measuring sediment deposition in a water conservancy project according to claim 9, wherein, In S2, the measurement data of the pressure sensor (14) is expressed as: P = P0 + ρgh; Where: P is the water pressure at the current depth; P0 is the reference pressure at the water surface; ρ is the water body density; g is the acceleration due to gravity; h is the depth at which the current main rod (2) is inserted.

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