Method and device for detecting temperature of head of optical fiber laser scalpel

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber laser surgery and fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a fiber laser scalpel head temperature detection method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing an up-conversion fluorescent material; smearing the prepared up-conversion fluorescent material on a scalpel head of a scalpel; laser is used for irradiating the scalpel head of the scalpel to excite the fluorescent material, the fluorescent material generates up-conversion fluorescence, chromatographic analysis is conducted on the generated up-conversion fluorescence, and the scalpel head temperature of the scalpel is calculated according to the chromatographic analysis result. The output power at the set temperature is controlled through a program, closed-loop proceeding of the laser surgery is achieved, and the safety and the effect of the surgery are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical fields of fiber laser surgery and fiber optic sensing, and particularly relates to a method and device for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel. Background Art

[0002] At present, fiber laser scalpels have been applied clinically, but still adopt an open-loop mode, that is, first set parameters such as the power of the laser, and then start working. There is a target temperature error in the set laser power, and the doctor still judges the temperature of the tip of the laser scalpel by experience. If the temperature is too low, the tissue cutting is incomplete; if the temperature is too high, it will cause tissue carbonization. Due to the lack of a method for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the tip of the laser scalpel to achieve closed-loop regulation of the output power of the laser and ensure surgical safety, it is not conducive to the popularization of fiber laser surgery. Therefore, a real-time temperature measurement system is needed to enable the closed-loop implementation of laser surgery.

[0003] Existing methods for monitoring the temperature of the tip of a laser scalpel use thermocouples or fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, etc. In these temperature measurement methods, the sensing head and the tip are not integrated and are separated from each other. Due to the distance between the tip and the probe and non-close contact, there are heat losses and time differences in heat conduction, resulting in lag and inaccuracy in temperature display. At the same time, since the sensing head and the tip are not integrated, it also increases the volume of the device, so the surgical incision needs to be larger, which is not conducive to wound healing; on the other hand, it also increases surgical obstacles and is not conducive to the operation of the scalpel.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a method and device for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel to solve the above problems, and achieve the purpose of realizing the closed-loop operation of laser surgery and improving the safety and effect of surgery by controlling the output power at a set temperature through a program.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Prepare an upconversion fluorescent material;

[0008] Apply the prepared upconversion fluorescent material to the tip of the scalpel;

[0009] Use a laser to irradiate the tip of the scalpel to excite the fluorescent material to generate upconversion fluorescence, perform chromatographic analysis on the generated upconversion fluorescence, and calculate the temperature of the tip of the scalpel according to the chromatographic analysis result.

[0010] A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel based on the present invention. The wavelength of the laser irradiating the tip of the scalpel is 980 nm. The peak intensities of the up-converted fluorescence are I1 and I2. The ratio of the peak intensities FIR is obtained based on the ratio of I1 and I2, and the temperature of the tip of the scalpel is calculated according to FIR.

[0011] A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel based on the present invention. The theoretical temperature of the tip of the scalpel calculated according to FIR is:

[0012]

[0013] Where:

[0014] C is a proportionality constant;

[0015] K is the Boltzmann constant;

[0016] -ΔE ij Is the thermal coupling energy level difference constant.

[0017] A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel based on the present invention. The material of the fluorescent material is CaWO3:Er 3+ / Yb 3+ .

[0018] A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel based on the present invention. The preparation process of the fluorescent material includes the following steps:

[0019] Weigh the raw materials according to the molar ratio, mix and grind the raw materials. After grinding, flatten and sinter them. After sintering, cool to room temperature and grind into powder.

[0020] A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel based on the present invention. The raw materials include tungsten trioxide, calcium oxide, erbium oxide and ytterbium oxide.

[0021] A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel based on the present invention. During sintering, the temperature in the sintering furnace starts from room temperature, rises to 800 °C at a rate of 10 °C / min, and is kept at this temperature for 3 hours. Then it rises to 1250 °C at a rate of 3 °C / min, is kept at a constant temperature for 3 hours. Then it cools to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min, take out the sample, grind the sample into powder in a mortar, and tightly seal the powder with a container for later use.

[0022] A detection device for the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, which is used to implement a method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, includes a surgical laser. The emission end of the surgical laser is connected to an output end of a coupler. Another output end of the coupler is connected to a spectral analyzer. The spectral analyzer is communicatively connected to a computer, and the computer is electrically communicatively connected to the surgical laser. The scalpel is connected to the input end of the coupler.

[0023] Based on the detection device for the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel of the present invention, a filter is provided between the coupler and the spectral analyzer.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0025] By integrating the thermal cutting function and the temperature measurement function of the tip of the laser scalpel, the present invention reduces the volume of the overall device. On the one hand, it can make the surgical incision smaller, which is beneficial to wound healing; on the other hand, it eliminates surgical obstacles and is beneficial to the operation of the scalpel. The tip of the present invention is used both for laser heating for surgery and for temperature measurement. When the laser scalpel cuts tissue, it can display the tip temperature in real time, enabling the operator to master the surgical cutting effect.

[0026] The present invention controls the laser according to the temperature result obtained by the computer, adjusts the output power at the set temperature, and achieves the closed-loop operation of the laser surgery, improving the safety and effect of the surgery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic connection diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a T-FIR relationship diagram.

[0030] Among them, 1. Surgical laser; 2. Coupler; 3. Scalpel; 4. Filter; 5. Spectral analyzer; 6. Computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Refer to Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, including the following steps:

[0034] Prepare upconversion fluorescent material;

[0035] Apply the prepared upconversion fluorescent material to the tip of the scalpel 3;

[0036] Use surgical laser to irradiate the tip of the scalpel 3 to excite the fluorescent material, so that the fluorescent material generates upconversion fluorescence, perform chromatographic analysis on the generated upconversion fluorescence, and calculate the temperature of the tip of the scalpel 3 according to the chromatographic analysis result.

[0037] Further, the wavelength of the laser irradiating the tip of the scalpel 3 is 980 nm, the peak light intensities of the upconversion fluorescence are I1 and I2 respectively, the ratio of the peak light intensities FIR is obtained according to the ratio of I1 and I2, and the temperature of the tip of the scalpel 3 is calculated according to FIR.

[0038] There is a single-valued correspondence between the ratio FIR of the peak light intensities and the tip ambient temperature. By providing a determined temperature value through a standard constant temperature device, measuring the FIR value of the corresponding fluorescent material, and establishing a functional relationship of FIR-T, the value of T can be measured using FIR. This is the theoretical basis of the temperature detection method based on the ratio of the peak intensities of upconversion fluorescence.

[0039] To establish the relationship between T and FIR, a phosphor was made into a probe, and a low-power 980 nm laser was used to excite the upconversion phosphor, and the FIR values were measured under different temperature environments. Specifically as follows: A quartz tube sealed at one end with a diameter of 3 mm was used as a container, and the powder sample was loaded into the quartz tube and flattened at the bottom to ensure a thickness of 1 mm. Then, two 600-μm high-temperature-resistant optical fibers were closely attached and inserted into the quartz capillary tube, and a high-temperature-resistant adhesive was used for bonding and fixing at the connection between the optical fiber and the quartz tube. Among the two 600-μm high-temperature-resistant optical fibers, one was connected to the light output port of the 980 nm excitation light source, and the other was connected to the spectral analyzer and connected to the host computer through a serial port. When a 5 mW 980 nm excitation light excited the upconversion material to emit fluorescence, the fluorescence could return to the spectral analyzer from the optical fiber connected to the spectral analyzer, and the data was transmitted to the computer for data processing.

[0040] The quartz capillary probe with phosphor was fixed together with the thermocouple temperature sensor head and placed in a high-temperature resistance furnace. The resistance furnace was heated by electrification, and the heating rate was 5 °C / min. Record the fluorescence intensity values I1 and I at wavelengths of 550 nm and 530 nm where the upconversion fluorescence peak wavelengths measured at different temperatures are located. 2, The value of FIR = I1 / I2 was obtained to establish the T-FIR correspondence. The experiment was measured multiple times and the average value was taken, as shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Correspondence between the average value of FIR and the temperature displayed on the resistance furnace

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] The data in Table 1 was fitted with a fourth-degree polynomial by Origin to obtain the relationship between the fluorescence peak ratio FIR and the temperature T:

[0045] FIR = 2.96061 - 0.01045T + 1.74238×10 -5 T 2 -1.67946×10 -8 T 3 +7.61788×10 -12 T 4 。

[0046] A program was written to collect and calculate FIR in real time and the temperature display software for the upper computer interface. Substituting the above functional relationship, an upconversion fluorescence intensity peak ratio optical fiber temperature sensor was made.

[0047] The FIR-T relationship of the same material is determined. The tip of the fiber laser scalpel is coated with a material that absorbs light and converts it into heat. However, when different laser powers are input into the tip, its temperature is different, and the returned FIR is also different. By measuring the FIR value, the real-time display of the tip temperature under different laser powers can be achieved.

[0048] Furthermore, the theoretical temperature of the tip of the scalpel 3 is calculated based on FIR as follows:

[0049]

[0050] Where:

[0051] C is a proportionality constant;

[0052] K is the Boltzmann constant;

[0053] -ΔE ij is the thermal coupling energy level difference constant of the rare earth Er 3+ ion luminescence center.

[0054] C, K, exp, -ΔE ij are all constants. Only T is a variable in the calculation process. Therefore, only by measuring the value of T can the relationship between the fluorescence peak ratio FIR and temperature be calibrated.

[0055] Furthermore, the material of the fluorescent material is Ca2WO3:Er 3+ / Yb 3+ .

[0056] CaWO3:Er 3+ / Yb 3+ is a high-temperature resistant phosphor with a wide temperature measurement range. The effective temperature measurement range is from -50°C to 800°C, and it can be used to indicate that the tip temperature is too high to reduce the laser power.

[0057] Furthermore, the preparation process of the fluorescent material includes the following steps:

[0058] Weigh the raw materials according to the molar ratio, mix and grind the raw materials. After grinding, flatten and sinter them. After sintering, cool them to room temperature and grind them into powder.

[0059] The mixing and grinding time of the raw materials is one hour.

[0060] Furthermore, the raw materials include tungsten trioxide, calcium oxide, erbium oxide and ytterbium oxide.

[0061] Further, during sintering, the temperature in the sintering furnace starts from room temperature, rises to 800 °C at a rate of 10 °C / min, and is kept at this temperature for 3 hours. Then, it is heated to 1250 °C at a rate of 3 °C / min, held at a constant temperature for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min. The sample is taken out and ground into powder in a mortar.

[0062] The purpose of holding at a constant temperature for 3 hours is to decompose impurities into calcium oxide and simultaneously discharge CO2 and H2O.

[0063] The purpose of holding at a constant temperature for 3 hours is to promote the crystallization process of the material.

[0064] Further, after the raw materials are ground, they are added to a crucible and flattened. The crucible is placed in the sintering furnace for sintering. Before being placed in the sintering furnace, the crucible is sealed.

[0065] A detection device for the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, which is used to implement the detection method for the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, includes a surgical laser 1. The emitting end of the surgical laser 1 is connected to an output end of a coupler 2. Another output end of the coupler 2 is connected to a spectral analyzer 5. The spectral analyzer 5 is communicatively connected to a computer 6. The computer 6 is electrically communicatively connected to the surgical laser 1. The scalpel 3 is connected to the input end of the coupler 2.

[0066] The power of the surgical laser 1 is 1 - 50 W. Each device and equipment in the detection device is connected by optical fibers. The optical fibers selected are multimode optical fibers with a diameter of 200 - 600 μm. The optical fiber connectors include but are not limited to ST / APC, FC / APC, SC / APC, LC / APC, SMA / APC.

[0067] Further, a filter 4 is provided between the coupler 2 and the spectral analyzer 5 to filter out the surgical indication red light and the 980 nm laser.

[0068] A connecting coupler is provided between the coupler 2 and the spectral analyzer 5. The filter 4 is inserted into the connecting coupler. The filter 4 is a low-pass filter, transmitting light waves with a wavelength < 600 nm and blocking light waves with a wavelength > 600 nm.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0070] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention's design, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Prepare upconversion fluorescent material; Apply the prepared upconversion fluorescent material on the blade tip of the scalpel (3); Use a laser to irradiate the blade tip of the scalpel (3) to excite the fluorescent material, so that the fluorescent material generates upconversion fluorescence, perform chromatographic analysis on the generated upconversion fluorescence, and calculate the blade tip temperature of the scalpel (3) according to the chromatographic analysis results.

2. The detection method of the temperature of the fiber laser scalpel head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wavelength of the laser irradiating the blade tip of the scalpel (3) is 980 nm, the light intensity peaks of the upconversion fluorescence are I1 and I2, the ratio of the light intensity peaks FIR is obtained according to the ratio of I1 and I2, and the blade tip temperature of the scalpel (3) is calculated according to FIR.

3. The detection method of the temperature of the fiber laser scalpel head according to claim 2, characterized in that, The theoretical temperature value of the blade tip of the scalpel (3) calculated according to FIR is: Where: C is a proportionality constant; K is the Boltzmann constant; -ΔE ij is the constant of the thermally coupled energy level difference.

4. The detection method of the temperature of the fiber laser scalpel head according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the up-conversion fluorescent material is CaWO3:Er 3+ / Yb 3+ .

5. The detection method of the temperature of the fiber laser scalpel head according to claim 4, wherein The preparation process of the upconversion fluorescent material includes the following steps: Weigh raw materials according to the molar ratio, mix and grind the raw materials, flatten and sinter after grinding, cool to room temperature after sintering and grind into powder.

6. The detection method of the temperature of the fiber laser scalpel head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The raw materials include tungsten trioxide, calcium oxide, erbium oxide and ytterbium oxide.

7. The detection method of the temperature of the fiber laser scalpel head according to claim 6, characterized in that During sintering, the temperature in the sintering furnace starts from room temperature, rises to 800 °C at a rate of 10 °C / min and is kept warm for 3 hours, then rises to 1250 °C at a rate of 3 °C / min, is kept at a constant temperature for 3 hours, and then cools to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C / min. Take out the sample, grind the sample into powder in a mortar, and seal and store the powder in a container for later use.

8. A detection device for the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel, which is used to implement the detection method for the temperature of the tip of the fiber laser scalpel according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes a surgical laser (1), the emission end of the surgical laser (1) is connected to an output end of a coupler (2), another output end of the coupler (2) is connected to a spectral analyzer (5), the spectral analyzer (5) is communicatively connected to a computer (6), the computer (6) is electrically communicatively connected to the surgical laser (1), and the scalpel (3) is connected to the input end of the coupler (2).

9. The detecting device for the temperature of the tip of a fiber laser scalpel according to claim 8, wherein, A filter (4) is provided between the coupler (2) and the spectral analyzer (5).

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