An intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural supervision, and specifically relates to an intelligent agricultural planning and decision system based on the Internet of Things, which comprises a planting plan decision unit, a resource allocation decision unit, an irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit, an agricultural planting management analysis unit and an agricultural management and control terminal; the planting plan decision unit generates planting plan decision information to improve planting benefits; the monitoring and analysis of the resource allocation decision unit and the pest control decision unit are beneficial to realize precise irrigation and fertilization and timely prevention and treatment of pests; the irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit analyzes the abnormal performance of nutrient and water suitability in the corresponding region during the detection period, strengthens the subsequent irrigation and fertilization supervision when the irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated, comprehensively evaluates the planting management performance of the corresponding region when the irrigation and fertilization qualified signal is generated, and strengthens the subsequent planting supervision when the planting management alarm signal is generated, so that the growth of crops in the corresponding region is ensured, and the intelligent level is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural monitoring technology, specifically an intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional agricultural production mainly relies on manual experience for management, which has many drawbacks. On the one hand, manual monitoring of environmental parameters and crop growth status has problems such as large errors and poor timeliness, making it difficult to grasp changes in the farmland environment in real time and accurately. On the other hand, the decision-making process lacks scientific basis and often relies on experience to carry out operations such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest and disease control, which can easily lead to waste of resources, environmental pollution, and reduced crop yields.

[0003] With the development of IoT technology, agricultural IoT systems are now widely used for agricultural planting management. However, most of them have limited functions and are difficult to achieve precise irrigation and fertilization and timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. They also cannot analyze abnormal nutrient and water content suitability in the corresponding area and comprehensively evaluate the planting management performance of the corresponding area, which is not conducive to timely adjustment of agricultural planting supervision plans and ensuring the effective growth of crops in the corresponding area.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, a solution is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things, which solves the problems of existing technologies that make it difficult to achieve precise irrigation and fertilization and timely prevention and control of pests and diseases, and that cannot analyze and comprehensively evaluate the abnormal performance of nutrient and water content suitability in the corresponding area, thus hindering timely adjustment of agricultural planting supervision plans and ensuring the effective growth of crops in the corresponding area, resulting in low intelligence level and high difficulty in agricultural planting management.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An Internet of Things-based intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system includes a planting plan decision-making unit, a resource allocation decision-making unit, a pest and disease monitoring decision-making unit, an irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit, an agricultural planting management and analysis unit, and an agricultural control terminal. The planting plan decision-making unit generates planting plan decision information before agricultural planting and sends the planting plan decision information to the agricultural control terminal, and carries out agricultural planting in each area according to the planting plan decision information.

[0008] The resource allocation decision unit generates irrigation and fertilization decision information during the agricultural planting process, sends the irrigation and fertilization decision information to the agricultural management terminal, and carries out irrigation and fertilization in each area according to the irrigation and fertilization decision information; the pest and disease monitoring decision unit monitors pests and diseases during the agricultural planting process and generates pest and disease control decision information, sends the pest and disease control decision information to the agricultural management terminal, and carries out pesticide spraying in the corresponding area according to the pest and disease control decision information.

[0009] The irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit will analyze the abnormal performance of nutrient water content suitability in the corresponding area during the detection period, and generate irrigation and fertilization alarm signals or irrigation and fertilization qualified signals through analysis. The irrigation and fertilization alarm signals will be sent to the agricultural control terminal, and the irrigation and fertilization qualified signals will be sent to the agricultural planting management analysis unit.

[0010] The agricultural planting management analysis unit will comprehensively evaluate the planting management performance of the corresponding area during the detection period, and generate a planting management qualified signal or a planting management alarm signal accordingly, and send the planting management qualified signal or planting management alarm signal to the agricultural control terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, the operational process of the planting plan decision-making unit is as follows:

[0012] We collect local climate data, soil data, and market demand information for various agricultural products to assess suitable planting areas and planting potential for different crops. We also use a multi-objective optimization decision-making model to comprehensively analyze crop yield, quality, economic benefits, and ecological benefits, providing decision-making suggestions for crop variety selection and planting area allocation.

[0013] Furthermore, the generation process of irrigation and fertilization decision information and pest and disease control decision information is as follows:

[0014] The irrigation decision model comprehensively analyzes soil type, crop growth stage and meteorological conditions to output irrigation water volume and irrigation time. It also uses a nutrient balance model to determine fertilizer type, fertilizer amount and fertilization time based on the content of various nutrients in the soil and the amount of nutrients absorbed by crops to generate irrigation and fertilization decision information.

[0015] By using pest and disease monitoring instruments and image recognition technology, the occurrence of crop pests and diseases can be monitored in real time. Based on the type of pest and disease, the degree of occurrence, and the crop growth stage, a pesticide use decision model is used to select the appropriate pesticide type, dosage, and application time to generate pest and disease control decision information.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific analysis process of the irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit is as follows:

[0017] Several monitoring points are set up in the corresponding area. Soil moisture content data of the corresponding monitoring points are collected, as well as the types of nutrients that need to be monitored in the corresponding area. The concentration of various nutrients in the soil of the corresponding monitoring points is collected. The soil moisture content data and the concentration of various nutrients are compared with the preset suitable soil moisture data range and the preset suitable concentration range of various nutrients. If the soil moisture content data and the concentration of various nutrients are within the corresponding preset range, it is determined that the corresponding monitoring point is in a suitable nutrient moisture state; otherwise, it is determined that the corresponding monitoring point is in an unsuitable nutrient moisture state.

[0018] The total duration of time that the corresponding detection point is in an unsuitable nutrient moisture state during the detection period is obtained and marked as the unsuitable nutrient moisture value. The average value of the unsuitable nutrient moisture value of all detection points is calculated to obtain the irrigation and fertilization assessment value. The irrigation and fertilization assessment value is compared with the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold. If the irrigation and fertilization assessment value exceeds the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold, an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated.

[0019] Furthermore, if the irrigation and fertilization assessment value does not exceed the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold, the nutrient moisture content inappropriate value at the corresponding detection point is compared with the preset nutrient moisture content inappropriate threshold. If the nutrient moisture content inappropriate value exceeds the preset nutrient moisture content inappropriate threshold, the corresponding detection point is marked as an unsuitable irrigation point.

[0020] If the nutrient moisture misfit value does not exceed the preset nutrient moisture misfit threshold, the number of times the single duration of the corresponding detection point in the nutrient moisture misfit state exceeds the preset single duration threshold during the detection period is marked as the irrigation misfit frequency. The irrigation misfit frequency is compared with the preset irrigation misfit frequency threshold. If the irrigation misfit frequency exceeds the preset irrigation misfit frequency threshold, the corresponding detection point is marked as an irrigation misfit point.

[0021] The number of poor irrigation points in the corresponding area is obtained and the ratio of the number of detection points is calculated to obtain the irrigation anomaly value. The nutrient water content anomaly value with the largest value in the corresponding area is marked as the nutrient water content anomaly value. The irrigation anomaly value, the irrigation and fertilization evaluation value and the nutrient water content anomaly value are weighted and summed to obtain the irrigation and fertilization comprehensive evaluation value.

[0022] The comprehensive evaluation value of irrigation and fertilization is compared with the preset comprehensive evaluation threshold. If the comprehensive evaluation value of irrigation and fertilization exceeds the preset comprehensive evaluation threshold, an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated; if the comprehensive evaluation value of irrigation and fertilization exceeds the preset comprehensive evaluation threshold, an irrigation and fertilization qualified signal is generated.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific analysis process of the agricultural planting management analysis unit is as follows:

[0024] The total amount of crop withering in the corresponding area during the detection period is obtained, and the total amount of crop withering is compared with the preset total amount of crop withering threshold. If the total amount of crop withering exceeds the preset total amount of crop withering threshold, a planting management alarm signal is generated.

[0025] If the total amount of crop wilting does not exceed the preset total amount of crop wilting threshold, the number of times the amount of crop wilting in a single detection exceeds the preset threshold for single detection during the detection period is marked as the wilting risk frequency value. The wilting risk frequency value is compared with the preset wilting risk frequency threshold. If the wilting risk frequency value exceeds the preset wilting risk frequency threshold, a planting management alarm signal is generated.

[0026] If the wilting risk frequency value does not exceed the preset wilting risk frequency threshold, the planting input cost during the detection period is obtained and its ratio to the corresponding standard input cost is marked as the planting input value. The equipment monitoring evaluation value during the detection period is also obtained. The planting management analysis value is obtained by weighted summation of the total crop wilting amount, wilting risk frequency value, planting input value and equipment monitoring evaluation value.

[0027] The planting management analysis value is compared with the preset planting management analysis threshold. If the planting management analysis value exceeds the preset planting management analysis threshold, a planting management alarm signal is generated; if the planting management analysis value does not exceed the preset planting management analysis threshold, a planting management qualified signal is generated.

[0028] Furthermore, the agricultural planting management analysis unit is connected to the agricultural related equipment monitoring unit. The agricultural related equipment monitoring unit acquires all agricultural equipment deployed in the corresponding area, monitors the operation of all agricultural equipment in the corresponding area, analyzes the data to obtain the equipment monitoring evaluation value during the monitoring period, and sends the equipment monitoring evaluation value to the agricultural planting management analysis unit.

[0029] Furthermore, the specific analysis process for the agricultural-related equipment monitoring unit is as follows:

[0030] The system acquires the moment when the corresponding agricultural equipment malfunctions during the detection period and marks it as the first moment, and collects the moment when the corresponding equipment is repaired and restored to normal operation and marks it as the second moment. The interval between the first moment and the second moment is marked as the recovery time. The recovery time is compared with the corresponding recovery time threshold. If the recovery time exceeds the preset recovery time threshold, the corresponding recovery time is marked as the alarm recovery time.

[0031] The system obtains the number of alarm response times for all agricultural equipment during the detection period and marks them as alarm response detection values. It also calculates the ratio of the response time to the corresponding preset response time threshold to obtain the response time occupancy value, and calculates the average of all response time occupancy values ​​during the detection period to obtain the response time status value. Finally, it calculates the equipment monitoring evaluation value by weighted summation of the alarm response detection value and the response time status value.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. In this invention, the planting planning decision-making unit provides decision-making suggestions for the selection of planting varieties and the allocation of planting area before agricultural planting to improve planting efficiency. The resource allocation decision-making unit and the pest and disease monitoring decision-making unit monitor and analyze to achieve precise irrigation and fertilization and timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. Furthermore, the irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit analyzes the abnormal performance of nutrient and water content suitability in the corresponding area during the detection period. When an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated, the subsequent irrigation and fertilization supervision is strengthened to maintain the soil environment of the crops in the corresponding area in a suitable state and ensure the growth of crops in the corresponding area.

[0034] 2. In this invention, the operation of all agricultural equipment in the corresponding area is monitored by the agricultural related equipment monitoring unit. The analysis accurately reflects the regulatory performance of agricultural equipment in the corresponding area during the detection period and provides data support for the analysis process of the agricultural planting management analysis unit. When the irrigation and fertilization qualified signal is generated, the agricultural planting management analysis unit comprehensively evaluates the planting management performance of the corresponding area during the detection period. When the planting management alarm signal is generated, the subsequent planting supervision is strengthened, further ensuring the growth of crops in the corresponding area. The level of intelligence is high. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings;

[0036] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes an intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things, which includes a planting plan decision-making unit, a resource allocation decision-making unit, a pest and disease monitoring decision-making unit, an irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit, an agricultural planting management and analysis unit, and an agricultural control terminal.

[0040] Before agricultural planting, the planting planning decision-making unit collects local climate data (such as average annual temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration), soil data (such as soil type, fertility, and pH value), and market demand information for various agricultural products (such as agricultural product price trends and consumer preferences) to assess the suitable planting areas and planting potential for different crops. Furthermore, it employs a multi-objective optimization decision-making model to comprehensively analyze factors such as crop yield, quality, economic benefits, and ecological benefits, providing decision-making suggestions for crop selection and planting area allocation to generate planting planning decision-making information. For example, in areas with high soil fertility and abundant water resources, high-yield and high-quality crop varieties are prioritized; in areas with strong market demand, the planting area of ​​corresponding crops is appropriately increased. The planting planning decision-making information is then transmitted to the agricultural management terminal via the Internet of Things (IoT), allowing for agricultural planting in various regions based on this information, which helps improve planting efficiency.

[0041] In the agricultural planting process, the resource allocation decision-making unit comprehensively analyzes factors such as soil type, crop growth stage, and meteorological conditions through an irrigation decision-making model. Based on this, it outputs irrigation water volume and irrigation time. For example, during the dry season, it increases the irrigation frequency and water volume; during the critical growth period of crops, it ensures sufficient water supply; and it uses a nutrient balance model to determine the type, amount, and time of fertilizer application based on the content of various nutrients in the soil and the amount of nutrients absorbed by crops, thereby generating irrigation and fertilization decision information. This irrigation and fertilization decision information is then sent to the agricultural management terminal via the Internet of Things, and irrigation and fertilization are carried out in each area according to the irrigation and fertilization decision information.

[0042] The pest and disease monitoring and decision-making unit monitors pests and diseases during agricultural planting. Through pest and disease monitoring instruments and image recognition technology, it monitors the occurrence of crop pests and diseases in real time. Based on the type of pest and disease, the degree of occurrence, and the crop growth stage, it uses a pesticide use decision model to select the appropriate pesticide type, dosage, and application time to generate pest and disease control decision information. This information is then sent to the agricultural management terminal via the Internet of Things. Pesticides are sprayed in the corresponding areas according to the decision information, achieving precise control and reducing pesticide pollution to the environment and agricultural products.

[0043] The irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit will analyze the abnormal nutrient water suitability of the corresponding area during the detection period (preferably 20 days), generate irrigation and fertilization alarm signals or irrigation and fertilization qualified signals through analysis, and send the irrigation and fertilization alarm signals to the agricultural management terminal.

[0044] When the agricultural control terminal receives an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal, it issues a corresponding warning to remind agricultural managers to strengthen subsequent monitoring of irrigation and fertilization. This helps maintain the soil environment of crops in the corresponding area in a suitable state, thereby ensuring crop growth. It should be noted that the specific analysis process of the irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit is as follows:

[0045] Several monitoring points were set up in the corresponding area, and soil moisture data of the corresponding monitoring points were collected. The types of nutrients that need to be monitored in the corresponding area (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, etc.) were also obtained. The concentrations of various nutrients in the soil at the corresponding monitoring points were collected. The soil moisture data and the concentrations of various nutrients were compared with the preset suitable soil moisture data range and the preset suitable concentration range of various nutrients.

[0046] If the soil moisture content data and the concentration of various nutrients are within the corresponding preset range, it indicates that the soil environment at the corresponding test point is good and conducive to the growth of the corresponding crop. In this case, the corresponding test point is judged to be in a suitable nutrient and water state; otherwise, the corresponding test point is judged to be in an unsuitable nutrient and water state.

[0047] The total duration of time that the corresponding monitoring point is in an unsuitable nutrient moisture state during the monitoring period is obtained and marked as the unsuitable nutrient moisture value. The average value of the unsuitable nutrient moisture value of all monitoring points is calculated to obtain the irrigation and fertilization assessment value. The irrigation and fertilization assessment value is compared with the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold. If the irrigation and fertilization assessment value exceeds the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold, it indicates that the irrigation and fertilization implementation in the corresponding area is poor during the monitoring period, and an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated.

[0048] Furthermore, if the irrigation and fertilization assessment value does not exceed the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold, the nutrient moisture content inappropriate value at the corresponding detection point will be compared with the preset nutrient moisture content inappropriate threshold. If the nutrient moisture content inappropriate value exceeds the preset nutrient moisture content inappropriate threshold, it indicates that the irrigation and fertilization management at the corresponding detection point is poor during the detection period, and the corresponding detection point will be marked as an unsatisfactory irrigation point.

[0049] If the nutrient moisture misfit value does not exceed the preset nutrient moisture misfit threshold, the number of times the single duration of the corresponding detection point in the nutrient moisture misfit state exceeds the preset single duration threshold during the detection period is marked as the irrigation misfit frequency. The irrigation misfit frequency is compared with the preset irrigation misfit frequency threshold. If the irrigation misfit frequency exceeds the preset irrigation misfit frequency threshold, it indicates that the overall irrigation and fertilization management of the corresponding detection point is poor during the detection period, and the corresponding detection point is marked as an irrigation poor point.

[0050] The number of poor irrigation points in the corresponding area is obtained and the ratio of the number of detection points is calculated to obtain the irrigation anomaly value. The nutrient water content anomaly value with the largest value in the corresponding area is marked as the nutrient water content anomaly value. The irrigation anomaly value, the irrigation and fertilization evaluation value and the nutrient water content anomaly value are weighted and summed to obtain the irrigation and fertilization comprehensive evaluation value.

[0051] This involves assigning corresponding preset weighting coefficients to the irrigation and fertilization anomaly value, the irrigation and fertilization assessment value, and the nutrient moisture content anomaly value, respectively. These three values ​​are then multiplied by their respective preset weighting coefficients, and the sum of the three products is marked as the irrigation and fertilization comprehensive assessment value. Furthermore, the higher the value of the irrigation and fertilization comprehensive assessment value, the worse the overall implementation of irrigation and fertilization in the corresponding area during the monitoring period.

[0052] The comprehensive evaluation value of irrigation and fertilization is compared with the preset comprehensive evaluation threshold. If the comprehensive evaluation value exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that the overall implementation of irrigation and fertilization in the corresponding area during the detection period is poor, and an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated. If the comprehensive evaluation value exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that the overall implementation of irrigation and fertilization in the corresponding area during the detection period is good, and an irrigation and fertilization qualified signal is generated.

[0053] The irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit sends the irrigation and fertilization qualified signal to the agricultural planting management analysis unit. The agricultural planting management analysis unit will comprehensively evaluate the planting management performance of the corresponding area during the monitoring period and generate a planting management qualified signal or a planting management alarm signal accordingly.

[0054] Furthermore, it sends planting management compliance signals or planting management alarm signals to the agricultural control terminal. When the agricultural control terminal receives a planting management alarm signal, it issues a corresponding warning to remind agricultural managers to adjust subsequent agricultural planting supervision plans in a timely manner, strengthen subsequent planting supervision, and further ensure the growth of crops in the corresponding area. The system demonstrates a high level of intelligence. The specific analysis process of the agricultural planting management analysis unit is as follows:

[0055] The total amount of crop withering in the corresponding area during the detection period is obtained (i.e., the sum of the amount of crop withering found in several detection processes during the detection period). The total amount of crop withering is compared with the preset total amount of crop withering threshold. If the total amount of crop withering exceeds the preset total amount of crop withering threshold, it indicates that the planting management performance in the corresponding area during the detection period is poor, and a planting management alarm signal is generated.

[0056] If the total amount of crop wilting does not exceed the preset total amount of crop wilting threshold, the number of times the amount of crop wilting in a single detection during the detection period (i.e. the amount of crop wilting found in the corresponding detection process) exceeds the preset threshold for the amount of crop wilting in a single detection is marked as the wilting risk frequency value. The wilting risk frequency value is compared with the preset wilting risk frequency threshold. If the wilting risk frequency value exceeds the preset wilting risk frequency threshold, it indicates that the planting management performance in the corresponding area is poor during the detection period, and a planting management alarm signal is generated.

[0057] If the wilting risk frequency value does not exceed the preset wilting risk frequency threshold, the planting input cost during the detection period is obtained and its ratio to the corresponding standard input cost is marked as the planting input value, and the equipment monitoring evaluation value during the detection period is obtained.

[0058] The planting management analysis value is obtained by weighted summation of total crop wilting volume, wilting risk frequency, planting input value, and equipment monitoring and evaluation value. Specifically, each of these values ​​is assigned a pre-defined weight coefficient, and then multiplied by its respective weight coefficient. The sum of these four products is then labeled as the planting management analysis value. A higher planting management analysis value indicates a worse overall performance of planting management in the corresponding area during the monitoring period.

[0059] The planting management analysis value is compared with the preset planting management analysis threshold. If the planting management analysis value exceeds the preset planting management analysis threshold, it indicates that the overall planting management performance of the corresponding area during the detection period is poor, and a planting management alarm signal is generated. If the planting management analysis value does not exceed the preset planting management analysis threshold, it indicates that the overall planting management performance of the corresponding area during the detection period is good, and a planting management qualified signal is generated.

[0060] Example 2: Figure 2 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the agricultural planting management analysis unit is connected to the agricultural related equipment monitoring unit. The agricultural related equipment monitoring unit obtains all agricultural equipment (including irrigation equipment, fertilization equipment, ventilation equipment, etc.) deployed in the corresponding area and monitors the operation of all agricultural equipment in the corresponding area.

[0061] By analyzing the equipment monitoring and evaluation values ​​obtained during the detection period and sending these values ​​to the agricultural planting management analysis unit, it is possible to accurately reflect the regulatory performance of agricultural equipment in the corresponding area during the detection period. This also provides data support for the analysis process of the agricultural planting management analysis unit, thereby ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of its analysis results. The specific analysis process of the agricultural related equipment monitoring unit is as follows:

[0062] The system acquires the moment when the corresponding agricultural equipment malfunctions during the detection period and marks it as the first moment, and collects the moment when the corresponding equipment is repaired and restored to normal operation and marks it as the second moment. The interval between the first moment and the second moment is marked as the recovery time. The recovery time is compared with the corresponding recovery time threshold. If the recovery time exceeds the preset recovery time threshold, it indicates that the processing efficiency for the corresponding equipment malfunction is slow, and the corresponding recovery time is marked as the alarm recovery time.

[0063] The number of alarm response times for all agricultural equipment during the detection period is obtained and marked as alarm response detection values. The ratio of the response time to the corresponding preset response time threshold is calculated to obtain the response time occupancy value. The average of all response time occupancy values ​​during the detection period is calculated to obtain the response time status value.

[0064] The equipment monitoring evaluation value is obtained by weighted summation of the alarm detection value and the operation and recovery status value. Specifically, the alarm detection value and the operation and recovery status value are assigned corresponding preset weight coefficients, and the alarm detection value and the operation and recovery status value are multiplied by the corresponding preset weight coefficients. The two sets of multiplication results are then summed to obtain the equipment monitoring evaluation value. Furthermore, the larger the equipment monitoring evaluation value, the worse the supervision performance of agricultural equipment in the corresponding area during the detection period.

[0065] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During use, the planting planning decision unit provides decision-making suggestions for variety selection and planting area allocation before agricultural planting, generating planting plan decision information to improve planting efficiency. The resource allocation decision unit generates irrigation and fertilization decision information during agricultural planting and sends it to the agricultural management terminal. The pest and disease monitoring decision unit monitors pests and diseases during agricultural planting and generates pest and disease control decision information, achieving precise irrigation and fertilization and facilitating pest and disease control. Furthermore, the irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit analyzes abnormal nutrient and water suitability in the corresponding area during the detection period, strengthening subsequent irrigation and fertilization supervision when an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated, helping to maintain the soil environment of the crops in the corresponding area in a suitable state, thereby ensuring crop growth. Additionally, when an irrigation and fertilization qualified signal is generated, the agricultural planting management analysis unit comprehensively evaluates the planting management performance of the corresponding area during the detection period, strengthening subsequent planting supervision when a planting management alarm signal is generated, further ensuring crop growth in the corresponding area. This invention demonstrates a high level of intelligence.

[0066] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to specific implementations. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize it. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, It includes a planting planning decision-making unit, a resource allocation decision-making unit, a pest and disease monitoring decision-making unit, an irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit, an agricultural planting management analysis unit, and an agricultural control terminal; the planting planning decision-making unit generates planting planning decision information before agricultural planting and carries out agricultural planting in each region based on the planting planning decision information; The resource allocation decision unit generates irrigation and fertilization decision information during the agricultural planting process, and irrigates and fertilizes each area according to the irrigation and fertilization decision information; the pest and disease monitoring decision unit monitors pests and diseases during the agricultural planting process and generates pest and disease control decision information, and sprays pesticides in the corresponding areas according to the pest and disease control decision information. The irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit analyzes the abnormal nutrient and water suitability of the corresponding area during the monitoring period, and generates irrigation and fertilization alarm signals or irrigation and fertilization qualified signals. The irrigation and fertilization alarm signals are sent to the agricultural control terminal, and the irrigation and fertilization qualified signals are sent to the agricultural planting management analysis unit. The agricultural planting management analysis unit comprehensively evaluates the planting management performance of the corresponding area during the monitoring period, and generates planting management qualified signals or planting management alarm signals accordingly, and sends the planting management qualified signals or planting management alarm signals to the agricultural control terminal. The specific analysis process of the irrigation and fertilization monitoring unit is as follows: Several monitoring points are set up in the corresponding area. Soil moisture content data of the corresponding monitoring points are collected, as well as the types of nutrients that need to be monitored in the corresponding area. The concentration of various nutrients in the soil of the corresponding monitoring points is collected. The soil moisture content data and the concentration of various nutrients are compared with the preset suitable soil moisture data range and the preset suitable concentration range of various nutrients. If the soil moisture content data and the concentration of various nutrients are within the corresponding preset range, it is determined that the corresponding monitoring point is in a suitable nutrient moisture state; otherwise, it is determined that the corresponding monitoring point is in an unsuitable nutrient moisture state. The total duration of time that the corresponding detection point is in an unsuitable nutrient moisture state during the detection period is obtained and marked as the unsuitable nutrient moisture value. The average value of the unsuitable nutrient moisture value of all detection points is calculated to obtain the irrigation and fertilization assessment value. The irrigation and fertilization assessment value is compared with the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold. If the irrigation and fertilization assessment value exceeds the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold, an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated. If the irrigation and fertilization assessment value does not exceed the preset irrigation and fertilization assessment threshold, the nutrient moisture incompatibility value at the corresponding detection point is compared with the preset nutrient moisture incompatibility threshold. If the nutrient moisture incompatibility value exceeds the preset nutrient moisture incompatibility threshold, the corresponding detection point is marked as an irrigation failure point. If the nutrient moisture incompatibility value does not exceed the preset nutrient moisture incompatibility threshold, the number of times the single duration of the corresponding detection point in the nutrient moisture incompatibility state exceeds the preset single duration threshold during the detection period is marked as the irrigation failure frequency. The irrigation failure frequency is compared with the preset irrigation failure frequency threshold. If the irrigation failure frequency exceeds the preset irrigation failure frequency threshold, the corresponding detection point is marked as an irrigation failure point. The number of non-ideal irrigation points in the corresponding area is obtained and its ratio with the number of detection points is calculated to obtain the irrigation anomaly value. The nutrient moisture content anomaly value with the largest value in the corresponding area is marked as the nutrient moisture content anomaly value. The irrigation and fertilization comprehensive evaluation value is obtained by weighted summation of the irrigation anomaly value, the irrigation and fertilization evaluation value, and the nutrient moisture content anomaly value. If the irrigation and fertilization comprehensive evaluation value exceeds the preset irrigation and fertilization comprehensive evaluation threshold, an irrigation and fertilization alarm signal is generated. If the irrigation and fertilization comprehensive evaluation value exceeds the preset irrigation and fertilization comprehensive evaluation threshold, an irrigation and fertilization qualified signal is generated.

2. The intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operation process of the planting plan decision-making unit is as follows: We collect local climate data, soil data, and market demand information for various agricultural products to assess suitable planting areas and planting potential for different crops. We also use a multi-objective optimization decision-making model to comprehensively analyze crop yield, quality, economic benefits, and ecological benefits, providing decision-making suggestions for crop variety selection and planting area allocation.

3. The intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating irrigation and fertilization decision information and pest and disease control decision information is as follows: The irrigation decision model comprehensively analyzes soil type, crop growth stage and meteorological conditions, and outputs irrigation water volume and irrigation time accordingly. The nutrient balance model is used to determine the type, amount and time of fertilizer application based on the content of various nutrients in the soil and the amount of nutrients absorbed by the crop to generate irrigation and fertilization decision information. By using pest and disease monitoring instruments and image recognition technology, the occurrence of crop pests and diseases can be monitored in real time. Based on the type of pest and disease, the degree of occurrence, and the crop growth stage, a pesticide use decision model is used to select the appropriate pesticide type, dosage, and application time to generate pest and disease control decision information.

4. The intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific analysis process of the agricultural planting management analysis unit is as follows: The total amount of crop wilting in the corresponding area during the detection period is obtained. If the total amount of crop wilting exceeds the preset crop wilting threshold, a planting management alarm signal is generated. If the total amount of crop wilting does not exceed the preset crop wilting threshold, the number of times the amount of crop wilting in a single detection exceeds the preset crop wilting threshold in a single detection during the detection period is marked as the wilting risk frequency value. If the wilting risk frequency value exceeds the preset wilting risk frequency threshold, a planting management alarm signal is generated. If the wilting risk frequency value does not exceed the preset wilting risk frequency threshold, the planting management analysis value is obtained by weighted summation of the total crop wilting amount, wilting risk frequency value, planting input value and equipment monitoring evaluation value. If the planting management analysis value exceeds the preset planting management analysis threshold, a planting management alarm signal will be generated; if the planting management analysis value does not exceed the preset planting management analysis threshold, a planting management qualified signal will be generated.

5. The intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that, The agricultural planting management analysis unit communicates with the agricultural related equipment monitoring unit. The agricultural related equipment monitoring unit acquires all agricultural equipment deployed in the corresponding area, monitors the operation of all agricultural equipment in the corresponding area, and obtains the equipment monitoring evaluation value during the monitoring period through analysis. The equipment monitoring evaluation value is then sent to the agricultural planting management analysis unit.

6. The intelligent agricultural planning and decision-making system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific analysis process for the agricultural related equipment monitoring unit is as follows: The system obtains the number of alarm response times for all agricultural equipment during the detection period and marks them as alarm response detection values. It also calculates the ratio of the response time to the corresponding preset response time threshold to obtain the response time occupancy value, and calculates the average of all response time occupancy values ​​during the detection period to obtain the response time status value. Finally, it calculates the equipment monitoring evaluation value by weighted summation of the alarm response detection value and the response time status value.

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