High thermal stability and low cost battery cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a high thermal stability and low cost battery cell. The battery cell includes C cathode electrodes each including a cathode active material layer disposed on a cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer comprises a cathode active material, the cathode active material comprising LiMnxFe1-x-yMyPO4, where x and y are less than 1 and M comprises one or more metal dopants. A anode electrodes each including an anode active material layer disposed on an anode current collector. The anode active material layer includes an anode active material including graphite and at least one of lithium silicon oxide (LSO) and silicon carbon (Si-C), and S separators, where C, A, and S are integers greater than 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to battery cells for a battery pack, and more particularly to battery cells for a battery pack including a cathode electrode and an anode electrode, the cathode electrode including LiMn x Fe 1-x-y M y PO4, and the anode electrode including graphite and lithium silicon oxide (LSO) or silicon carbide (Si-C). Background Art

[0002] The information provided in this section is intended to generally introduce the background of the present disclosure. To the extent that the work currently attributed to the inventors is described in this section, and aspects of the specification that may not otherwise be determined as prior art at the time of filing, are not expressly or impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.

[0003] Electric vehicles (EVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid vehicles, and / or fuel cell vehicles include one or more electric motors and a battery pack system including one or more battery cells, modules, and / or packs. A power control system is used to control the charging and / or discharging of the battery pack system during charging and / or driving.

[0004] A battery cell includes a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, and a separator. The cathode electrode includes a cathode active material layer disposed on a cathode current collector. The anode electrode includes an anode active material layer disposed on an anode current collector. Summary of the Invention

[0005] A battery cell includes C cathode electrodes, each including a cathode active material layer disposed on a cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer contains a cathode active material, the cathode active material including LiMn x Fe 1-x-y MyPO4, where x and y are less than 1 and M includes one or more metal dopants. A anode electrodes, each including an anode active material layer disposed on an anode current collector. The anode active material layer contains an anode active material, the anode active material including at least one of lithium silicon oxide (LSO) and silicon carbide (Si-C) and graphite, and S separators, where C, A, and S are integers greater than 1.

[0006] In other features, the one or more metal dopants are selected from titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), niobium (Nb), cobalt (Co), yttrium (Y), and tungsten (W). The cathode active material includes a carbon coating.

[0007] Among other features, the cathode active material layer comprises 90 wt% to 97 wt% of a cathode active material, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder.

[0008] Among other features, the anode active material layer comprises the LSO, and the LSO comprises Li y SiO x , where 0 < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1.

[0009] Among other features, the anode active material layer comprises the LSO, the LSO accounts for 10 wt% to 30 wt% of the anode active material layer, and the graphite accounts for 70 wt% to 90 wt% of the anode active material layer. The D50 particle size of at least one of the LSO and the Si-C is 3 μm to 20 μm.

[0010] Among other features, the anode active material layer comprises 90 wt% to 97 wt% of the LSO and the graphite, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive. The cathode active material comprises LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.26 Nb 0.02 Y 0.01 Mg 0.01 PO4.

[0011] Among other features, the capacity loading of the cathode active material layer is 3 to 7 mAh / cm 2 . The capacity loading of the anode active material layer is 3.3 to 7.7 mAh / cm 2 .

[0012] The battery pack cell includes C cathode electrodes, each of which includes a cathode active material layer disposed on a cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer comprises a cathode active material, the cathode active material comprises LiMn x Fe 1-x-y M y PO4, where x and y are less than 1 and M includes one or more metal dopants selected from titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), niobium (Nb), cobalt (Co), and yttrium (Y), and tungsten (W). A anode electrodes, each of which includes an anode active material layer disposed on an anode current collector. The anode active material layer comprises an anode active material, the anode active material comprises graphite and lithium silicon oxide (LSO), and S separators, where C, A, and S are integers greater than 1.

[0013] Among other features, the cathode active material includes a carbon coating. The cathode active material layer comprises 90 wt% to 97 wt% of cathode active material, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder.

[0014] Among other features, the anode active material layer comprises the LSO, and the LSO includes Li y SiO x , where 0 < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1.

[0015] Among other features, the anode active material layer comprises the LSO, the LSO accounts for 10 wt% to 30 wt% of the anode active material layer, and the graphite accounts for 70 wt% to 90 wt% of the anode active material layer. The D50 particle size of the LSO is 3 μm to 20 μm.

[0016] Among other features, the anode active material layer comprises 90 wt% to 97 wt% of the LSO and graphite, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive. The cathode active material includes LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.26 Nb 0.02 Y 0.01 Mg 0.01 PO4.

[0017] Among other features, the capacity loading of the cathode active material layer is 3 to 7 mAh / cm 2 . The capacity loading of the anode active material layer is 3.3 to 7.7 mAh / cm 2 .

[0018] The present invention discloses the following solutions:

[0019] Solution 1. A battery pack battery, comprising:

[0020] C cathode electrodes, each of which includes a cathode active material layer disposed on a cathode current collector,

[0021] wherein the cathode active material layer comprises a cathode active material, the cathode active material includes LiMn x Fe 1-x- y M y PO4, where x and y are less than 1 and M includes one or more metal dopants;

[0022] A anode electrodes, each of which includes an anode active material layer disposed on an anode current collector,

[0023] Wherein the anode active material layer contains an anode active material, the anode active material includes at least one of lithium silicon oxide (LSO) and silicon carbide (Si-C), and graphite; and

[0024] S separators, where C, A, and S are integers greater than 1.

[0025] Embodiment 2. The battery pack cell according to Embodiment 1, wherein the one or more metal dopants are selected from titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), niobium (Nb), cobalt (Co), yttrium (Y), and tungsten (W).

[0026] Embodiment 3. The battery pack cell according to Embodiment 1, wherein the cathode active material includes a carbon coating.

[0027] Embodiment 4. The battery pack cell according to Embodiment 1, wherein the cathode active material layer contains:

[0028] 90% to 97% by weight of cathode active material,

[0029] 1% to 5% by weight of a conductive additive, and

[0030] 1% to 5% by weight of a binder.

[0031] Embodiment 5. The battery pack cell according to Embodiment 1, wherein:

[0032] the anode active material layer contains the LSO, and

[0033] the LSO includes Li y SiO x , where 0 < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1.

[0034] Embodiment 6. The battery pack cell according to Embodiment 1, wherein:

[0035] the anode active material layer contains the LSO,

[0036] the LSO contains 10% to 30% of the anode active material, and

[0037] the graphite contains 70% to 90% of graphite.

[0038] Embodiment 7. The battery pack cell according to Embodiment 1, wherein the D50 particle size of at least one of the LSO and the Si-C is 3 μm to 20 μm.

[0039] Embodiment 8. The battery pack cell according to Embodiment 1, wherein the anode active material layer contains:

[0040] 90 wt% to 97 wt% of said LSO and said graphite,

[0041] 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder, and

[0042] 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive.

[0043] Aspect 9. The battery cell of the battery pack according to Aspect 1, wherein said cathode active material comprises LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.26 Nb 0.02 Y 0.01 Mg 0.01 PO4.

[0044] Aspect 10. The battery cell of the battery pack according to Aspect 1, wherein:

[0045] The capacity loading of the cathode active material layer is 3 to 7 mAh / cm 2 ; and

[0046] The capacity loading of the anode active material layer is 3.3 to 7.7 mAh / cm 2 .

[0047] Aspect 11. A battery cell of a battery pack, comprising:

[0048] C cathode electrodes, each of which comprises a cathode active material layer disposed on a cathode current collector,

[0049] wherein said cathode active material layer contains a cathode active material, said cathode active material comprising LiMn x Fe 1-x- y M y PO4, where x and y are less than 1 and M comprises one or more metal dopants selected from titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), niobium (Nb), cobalt (Co), and yttrium (Y), and tungsten (W);

[0050] A anode electrodes, each of which comprises an anode active material layer disposed on an anode current collector,

[0051] wherein said anode active material layer contains an anode active material, said anode active material comprising graphite and lithium silicon oxide (LSO); and

[0052] S separators, where C, A, and S are integers greater than 1.

[0053] Aspect 12. The battery cell of the battery pack according to Aspect 11, wherein said cathode active material comprises a carbon coating.

[0054] Embodiment 13. The battery cell of Embodiment 11, wherein the cathode active material layer comprises 90 wt% to 97 wt% of the cathode active material, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder.

[0055] Embodiment 14. The battery cell of Embodiment 11, wherein:

[0056] the anode active material layer comprises the LSO, and

[0057] the LSO comprises Li y SiO x , where 0 < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1.

[0058] Embodiment 15. The battery cell of Embodiment 11, wherein:

[0059] the anode active material layer comprises the LSO,

[0060] the LSO comprises 10 wt% to 30 wt% of the anode active material, and

[0061] the graphite comprises 70 wt% to 90 wt% of graphite.

[0062] Embodiment 16. The battery cell of Embodiment 11, wherein the D50 particle size of the LSO is 3 μm to 20 μm.

[0063] Embodiment 17. The battery cell of Embodiment 11, wherein the anode active material layer comprises:

[0064] 90 wt% to 97 wt% of the LSO and the graphite,

[0065] 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder, and

[0066] 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive.

[0067] Embodiment 18. The battery cell of Embodiment 11, wherein the cathode active material comprises LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.26 Nb 0.02 Y 0.01 Mg 0.01 PO4.

[0068] Embodiment 19. The battery cell of Embodiment 11, wherein:

[0069] the capacity loading of the cathode active material layer is 3 to 7 mAh / cm 2 ; and

[0070] The capacity loading of the anode active material layer is 3.3 to 7.7 mAh / cm 2 .

[0071] Embodiment 20. The battery cell of the battery pack according to Embodiment 1, wherein:

[0072] The anode active material layer contains the LSO,

[0073] The LSO accounts for 10% to 30% by weight of the anode active material layer, and

[0074] The graphite accounts for 70% to 90% by weight of the anode active material layer.

[0075] Embodiment 21. The battery cell of the battery pack according to Embodiment 11, wherein:

[0076] The anode active material layer contains the LSO,

[0077] The LSO accounts for 10% to 30% by weight of the anode active material layer, and

[0078] The graphite accounts for 70% to 90% by weight of the anode active material layer.

[0079] Further applicable fields of the present disclosure will be apparent from the detailed description, claims and drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are only intended to illustrate and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0080] The present disclosure is more fully understood from the detailed description and the drawings, wherein:

[0081] Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a battery cell of a battery pack according to the present disclosure, the cathode electrode of which contains LiMn x Fe 1-x-y M y PO4, and the anode electrode of which contains LSO or SiC;

[0082] Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a cathode electrode containing a cathode active material layer according to the present disclosure, the cathode active material layer including LiMn x Fe 1-x-y M y PO4;

[0083] Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of an anode electrode containing an anode active material layer according to the present disclosure, the anode active material layer including LSO or Si-C;

[0084] Figure 4is a graph showing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (heat flow as a function of temperature) of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese aluminum oxide (NCMA) electrode and an LMFP battery cell according to the present disclosure;

[0085] Figure 5 is a graph showing the voltage of a battery cell as a function of specific capacity according to the present disclosure;

[0086] Figure 6 is a graph showing the state of charge (SOC) of a battery cell as a function of time according to the present disclosure; and

[0087] Figure 7 is a graph showing the voltage of a battery cell as a function of discharge rate vs. C / 3 according to the present disclosure;

[0088] In the drawings, reference numerals may be reused to identify similar and / or identical elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0089] Although the battery cells according to the present disclosure are shown in the context of an electric vehicle, the battery cells can be used in stationary applications and / or other applications.

[0090] Battery cells containing a nickel-rich cathode active material are too expensive and thermally unstable. The cost of the battery cells is high due to the use of both nickel and cobalt and insufficient humidity control during manufacturing. The nickel-rich cathode active material decomposes at temperatures below 300 °C and generates molecular oxygen O2. The released oxygen reacts with flammable battery components including the electrolyte solvent and the separator, and causes thermal instability and / or thermal runaway events.

[0091] The present disclosure relates to a high thermal stability and low-cost lithium-ion battery cell, which includes a cathode electrode with LiMn x Fe 1-x-y M y PO4 (e.g., LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.26 Nb 0.02 Y 0.01 Mg 0.01 PO4) as a cathode active material and an anode electrode containing graphite and lithium silicon oxide (LSO) or silicon carbide (Si-C). The battery cells described herein do not contain cobalt and nickel, and are significantly lower in cost (e.g., ~40% lower) compared to commercial nickel-rich cathode battery cells. The battery cells have good cycle performance, high thermal stability, enhanced safety, and high rate performance.

[0092] Now refer to Figure 1, the battery cell 10 of the battery pack includes C cathode electrodes 20, A anode electrodes 40, and S separators 32 arranged in a predetermined order in a battery cell stack 12, where C, S, and A are integers greater than zero. The battery cell stack 12 is disposed in a housing 50. The C cathode electrodes 20-1, 20-2, …, and 20-C include a cathode active material layer 24 disposed on one or both sides of a cathode current collector 26.

[0093] The A anode electrodes 40-1, 40-2, …, and 40-A include an anode active material layer 42 disposed on one or both sides of an anode current collector 46. In some examples, the cathode active material layer 24 and / or the anode active material layer 42 includes a coating that includes one or more active materials, one or more conductive additives, and / or one or more binder materials cast or applied onto the current collector. During charging / discharging, the A anode electrodes 40 and the C cathode electrodes 20 exchange lithium ions.

[0094] In some examples, the cathode current collector 26 and / or the anode current collector 46 includes a metal foil, a metal mesh, a perforated metal, a three-dimensional (3D) metal foam, and / or an expanded metal plate. In some examples, the current collector is made of one or more materials selected from copper, stainless steel, brass, bronze, zinc, aluminum, and / or their alloys. The external tabs 28 and 48 are respectively connected to the current collectors of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, and may be disposed on the same side or different sides of the battery cell stack 12. The external tabs 28 and 48 are connected to the terminals of the battery pack. The battery cells may be stacked or wound. The housing may include a prismatic housing, a pouch housing, or a cylindrical housing. The form of the battery cells may be stacked or wound.

[0095] Now referring to Figure 2 , one of the C cathode electrodes 20 is shown in further detail. The cathode active material layer 24 of the C cathode electrodes 20 includes a cathode active material 62, a conductive additive 64, and a binder 66. In some examples, the cathode active material 62 includes LiMn x Fe 1-x-y M y PO4 (e.g., LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.26 Nb 0.02 Y 0.01 Mg 0.01 PO4), where M includes one or more metal dopants. In some examples, the metal dopants are selected from titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), niobium (Nb), cobalt (Co), yttrium (Y), and tungsten (W).

[0096] In some instances, the cathode active material includes a carbon coating. In some instances, the carbon coating accounts for 1 to 5 wt%. In some instances, the carbon coating accounts for 1.5 wt% to 2.0 wt%. In some instances, the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) of the cathode active material layer is 4 m 2 / g to 30 m 2 / g. In some instances, the tapped density (TD) of the cathode active material layer is 0.5 to 2 g / cc. In some instances, the tapped density (TD) of the cathode active material layer is 0.6 to 0.9 g / cc. In some instances, the pH of the cathode active material layer is 8 - 11 (10 wt% dispersion).

[0097] In some instances, a wet roll-to-roll manufacturing method is used. The cathode active material is mixed with a conductive additive, a binder, and a solvent and cast onto a cathode current collector. In some instances, the cathode active material layer comprises 90 wt% to 97 wt% of the cathode active material, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of the conductive additive, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of the binder. In some instances, the conductive additive includes one or more materials selected from Super P, KS-6, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (single-walled or multi-walled).

[0098] In some instances, the capacity loading of the cathode active material layer is 3 to 7 mAh / cm 2 (for single-sided coating, at 0.1C at room temperature). In some instances, the pressing density of the cathode active material layer is 1.5 to 2.5 g / cm 3 . The porosity of the cathode active material layer is 20% to 43%. In some instances, the water content of the cathode active material layer is less than 600 ppm at 180°C.

[0099] Now referring to Figure 3 , one of the A anode electrodes 40 is shown in further detail. The anode active material layer 42 of the anode electrode 40 includes an anode active material 72, a conductive additive 74, and a binder 76.

[0100] In some instances, the anode active material includes graphite and LSO (or Si-C). In some instances, LSO includes chemically lithiated silicon oxide (SiO x ). In some instances, the D50 particle size of the graphite is 6 μm to 20 μm. The Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET) of the anode active material layer is 1 m 2 / g to 10 m 2 / g. In some instances, graphite accounts for 70 wt% to 90 wt% of the anode active material layer. In some instances, the tapped density (TD) of the anode active material layer is 0.5 g / cc to 1.5 g / cc.

[0101] In some examples, the LSO includes Li y SiO x (0 < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1). In some examples, the LSO accounts for 10 wt% to 30 wt% of the anodic active material layer. The D50 particle size of the LSO (or Si-C) is 3 μm to 20 μm. The BET of the anodic active material layer is 0.5 m 2 to 10 m 2 . The TD of the anodic active material layer is 0.8 g / cc to 1.5 g / cc.

[0102] In some examples, the anodic active material layer comprises 90 wt% to 97 wt% of LSO (or Si-C) and graphite, 1 wt% to 6 wt% of a binder, and 1 wt% to 6 wt% of a conductive additive. In some examples, the conductive additive is selected from Super P, graphite, graphene nanoplatelets, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof. In some examples, the binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and polyacrylic acid (PAA). In some examples, combinations of SBR and CMC, CMC and SBR and PAA, CM and PAA, or pure PAA can be used. In some examples, the mass ratio of LSO is greater than or equal to 10 wt%.

[0103] In some examples, the capacity loading of the anodic active material layer is 3.3 to 7.7 mAh / cm 2 (for single-sided coating, at 0.1C at room temperature). The pressing density of the anodic active material layer is 1.3 to 1.9 g / cm 3 . The porosity of the anodic active material layer is 20% to 38%. The water content of the anodic active material layer is less than 500 ppm.

[0104] In some examples, the thickness of the separator is 10 μm to 30 μm and the porosity is 35% to 55%. In some examples, the separator includes a ceramic layer and a polymer coating. In some examples, the thickness of the polymer coating is 1 μm to 5 μm. In some examples, the thickness of the polymer coating is 1 μm to 3 μm. If a coated separator is used, the separator can be a double-sided coated separator with the same coating or different coatings.

[0105] In some instances, the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt (such as LiPF6) at 0.8 to 1.2 mol / L in a solvent (such as a carbonate). In some instances, the electrolyte further comprises one or more additives selected from fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), 1,3,2-dioxolane-2,2-dioxide (DTD), tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPi), lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiDFOB), and trimethylsulfonium lead triiodide (TMSPB).

[0106] In some instances, the binder for the cathode active material layer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and / or polyvinylidene fluoride - hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) in a non-aqueous solvent. In some instances, the anode binder comprises polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly(sodium acrylate) (NaPAA), lithium-substituted polyacrylic acid (LiPAA), and / or CMC / SBR in an aqueous solvent.

[0107] In some instances, the N / P ratio is from 1 to 1.2 and the operating voltage is from 2 V to 4.5 V.

[0108] Now referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the cathode electrode has excellent thermal stability. In Figure 4 , differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is performed on the NCMA battery pack cell 2 and the LMFP battery pack cell according to the present disclosure. During the DSC test, the heat difference required to raise the temperature of the sample and the reference is measured as a function of temperature. The DSC test is performed at 100% SOC. The battery pack cell is heated to 300 °C at 5 °C / min. The heat flow peak of the NMCA electrode is at about 210 °C. In contrast, the electrode according to the present disclosure experiences little increased heat flow at elevated temperatures.

[0109] In Figure 5 , the performance of a pouch battery pack cell during C / 3 continuous current constant voltage (CCCV) charging and C / 3 discharging at 25 °C is shown. The cathode active material comprises LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.27 Mg 0.03 PO4 (5 mAh / cm 2 ). The anode active material comprises 30 wt% of LSO and 70 wt% of graphite (5.5 mAh / cm 2 ). The operating voltage range is from 2.5 V to 4.2 V.

[0110] Now referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7, the battery cells of the present disclosure have improved fast charging ability and excellent discharge rate ability. In Figure 6 , the battery cells of the battery pack can be charged to 78% SOC (SOC% normalized to C / 3 continuous current and continuous voltage CCCV) at a charging rate of 2C within 30 minutes at 25°C. In Figure 7 , the battery cells of the battery pack according to the present disclosure have a 3C / 0.33C discharge capacity greater than 90%. The battery cells of the battery pack also have excellent life cycle performance. After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity retention rate is greater than 99.8%.

[0111] The foregoing description is merely exemplary and is in no way intended to limit the present disclosure, its application, or uses. The broad teachings of the present disclosure may be implemented in a variety of forms. Thus, although the present disclosure includes specific examples, the true scope of the present disclosure should not be so limited because other modifications will become apparent after studying the drawings, the specification, and the following claims. It should be understood that one or more steps within a method may be implemented in a different order (or simultaneously) without changing the principles of the present disclosure. Additionally, although the various embodiments are described above as having certain features, any one or more of the features described with respect to any one embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented in any other embodiment and / or combined with the features of any other embodiment, even if the combination is not explicitly described. In other words, the described embodiments are not mutually exclusive, and the interchanging of one or more of the embodiments is still within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0112] Spatial and functional relationships between elements (e.g., between modules, circuit elements, semiconductor layers, etc.) are described using various terms, including "connected," "joined," "coupled," "adjacent," "next to," "on top of," "on," "under," and "disposed." Unless explicitly described as "direct," when the relationship between a first element and a second element is described in the foregoing disclosure, the relationship can be a direct relationship where no other intervening elements exist between the first element and the second element, or an indirect relationship where one or more intervening elements exist between the first element and the second element (spatially or functionally). The phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" as used herein should be construed to mean a logical (A or B or C) using a non-exclusive logical OR and should not be construed to mean "at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C."

[0113] In the drawings, the arrow direction as indicated by the arrows generally shows the information flow (such as data or instructions) that the illustration focuses on. For example, when component A and component B exchange various information but the information sent from component A to component B is relevant to the illustration, the arrow can point from component A to component B. This one-way arrow does not mean that there is no other information sent from component B to component A. In addition, for the information transmitted from component A to component B, component B can send a request for that information or receive an acknowledgment from component A.

Claims

1. A battery pack battery, comprising: C cathode electrodes, each of which includes a cathode active material layer disposed on a cathode current collector, wherein the cathode active material layer contains a cathode active material, and the cathode active material includes LiMn x Fe 1-x- y M y PO4, where x and y are less than 1 and M includes one or more metal dopants; A anode electrodes, each of which includes an anode active material layer disposed on an anode current collector, wherein the anode active material layer contains an anode active material, the anode active material including at least one of lithium silicon oxide (LSO) and silicon carbide (Si-C) and graphite; and S separators, where C, A, and S are integers greater than 1.

2. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein the one or more metal dopants are selected from titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), niobium (Nb), cobalt (Co), yttrium (Y), and tungsten (W).

3. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein the cathode active material includes a carbon coating.

4. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein the cathode active material layer contains: 90 wt% to 97 wt% of a cathode active material, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder.

5. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein: the anode active material layer contains the LSO, and The LSO includes Li y SiO x , where 0 < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1.

6. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein: the anode active material layer contains the LSO, the LSO contains 10 wt% to 30 wt% of the anode active material, and the graphite contains 70 wt% to 90 wt% of graphite.

7. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein the D50 particle size of at least one of the LSO and the Si-C is 3 μm to 20 μm.

8. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein the anode active material layer contains: 90 wt% to 97 wt% of the LSO and the graphite, 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a binder, and 1 wt% to 5 wt% of a conductive additive.

9. The battery of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the cathode active material comprises LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.26 Nb 0.02 Y 0.01 Mg 0.01 PO4.

10. The battery pack battery according to claim 1, wherein: The capacity loading of the cathode active material layer is 3 to 7 mAh / cm 2 ; and The capacity loading of the anode active material layer is 3.3 to 7.7 mAh / cm 2 .

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