High-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on a dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology, and relates to the technical field of microwave and radio frequency antennas. The reconfigurable antenna comprises a dipole antenna and metasurfaces, each metasurface is of a metal bent line structure, a plurality of metasurfaces form a metasurface group, and the metasurfaces in the metasurface group surround the dipole antenna and are symmetrically and vertically embedded into a medium with a low dielectric constant at equal intervals by 360 degrees to form multiple layers of metasurface branches. On the basis of the dipole antenna, the bent line metasurfaces are loaded to achieve gain improvement in the horizontal direction, and the purpose of mechanical reconfiguration is achieved through different metasurface combinations so as to achieve different index tendentiousness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microwave and radio frequency antennas, and in particular, to a high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background technical information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The dipole antenna is one of the most basic electromagnetic radiators, and its working principle is based on the symmetric oscillator radiation mechanism. The typical structure consists of two straight conductor arms of equal length, with a total length usually being half of the operating wavelength, and an alternating voltage excitation is applied at the central feed point to form a standing wave current on the conductor surface, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves. Its radiation pattern shows an "8"-shaped distribution in the E-plane and maintains an omnidirectional radiation characteristic in the H-plane, making it one of the standard omnidirectional antenna types. Due to its simple structure, predictable pattern, and good impedance matching, the dipole antenna is widely used in fields such as wireless communication, radar detection, and antenna measurement. Typical applications include mobile communication base station antenna arrays, indoor positioning beacons, and passive detection devices for electronic countermeasures.

[0004] In the field of civilian communication, the urgent need for rapid deployment and high reliability of emergency communication base stations in remote mountainous areas is becoming increasingly prominent. Although the traditional dipole antenna has the advantages of simple structure and omnidirectional radiation, its horizontal gain is limited, and signal coverage is easily blocked by terrain, making it difficult to meet the long-distance communication requirements in complex environments.

[0005] Electromagnetic metasurface is a two-dimensional artificial structure based on sub-wavelength periodic / aperiodic units, which can precisely control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves to achieve electromagnetic responses beyond traditional optical and radio frequency devices. The specific principle is as follows: when electromagnetic waves are incident on the metasurface, each sub-wavelength unit generates a specific electromagnetic response, directly modifying parameters such as the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the electromagnetic waves. Therefore, functions such as anomalous reflection, anomalous refraction, and beamforming can be realized through precisely designed metasurfaces. Compared with traditional three-dimensional metamaterials, metasurfaces have the significant advantages of being thin, having a low profile, being easy to integrate, and having low losses. Therefore, they are often used in combination with antennas to enhance their gain effect.

[0006] Reconfigurable antenna is a type of antenna that can dynamically adjust its electromagnetic characteristics. Its core principle is to achieve real-time optimization of parameters such as radiation direction, operating frequency, and polarization mode through the adjustable characteristics of structure, material, or circuit. According to the implementation method, reconfigurable antennas can be divided into electrical adjustment type, mechanical type, material type, etc., among which the mechanical type realizes electrical parameter adjustment through movable structure. Reconfigurable antennas can significantly reduce antenna costs in scenarios where electrical performance needs to be adjusted dynamically or a variety of different parameter configurations need to be provided, and have obvious cost-effectiveness advantages.

[0007] However, there are currently few reconfigurable solutions for dipole antennas, and the existing effects of using electromagnetic metasurfaces to enhance the gain of dipole antennas are mixed. Currently, many studies focus on printed dipoles, but the research on traditional half-wave dipoles is equally important. The most obvious difference between the two is the difference in application scenarios. Printed dipoles are more suitable for low-cost, miniaturized equipment, while traditional half-wave dipoles have strong environmental adaptability, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and a wider range of applications. In addition, printed dipoles have small power capacity, high losses due to the limitation of substrate materials, and the radiation pattern is not omnidirectional or produces directional pattern distortion due to the influence of the radiation floor. Traditional dipoles have large power capacity, good heat dissipation performance, high structural strength, and higher radiation efficiency. They can generally achieve excellent omnidirectional radiation performance in the horizontal direction and are more suitable for high-power communications or radar systems. Therefore, how to achieve dynamic reconstruction of dipole antennas and effectively improve gain has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in existing technologies. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology. It is based on a dipole antenna and loaded with a meander line metasurface to achieve increased gain in the horizontal direction. Through different metasurface combinations, mechanical reconfiguration is achieved to realize different indicator tendencies.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: The first aspect of the present invention provides a high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology, including: a dipole antenna and a metasurface, the metasurface is in the shape of a bent metal wire, and several metasurfaces form a metasurface group. The metasurfaces in the metasurface group are vertically embedded in a medium with a low dielectric constant at equal intervals of 360° around the dipole antenna to form multi-layer metasurface branches.

[0010] Furthermore, the dipole antenna is composed of two straight conductor rods of equal length, which are symmetrically arranged and connected through a central feeding point.

[0011] Furthermore, each straight conductor rod has a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 59.7 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the total length of the dipole antenna is 1.2 m.

[0013] Furthermore, the central feeding point is a rectangular port with a length of 3 cm and a width of 0.6 cm.

[0014] Further, the metasurface structure is set in terms of the number of sheets and scaled in size according to the mission requirements.

[0015] Further, the overall metasurface group is mirror-symmetrical about the horizontal plane.

[0016] Further, the metasurface group is set in one or more groups axially according to the mission requirements.

[0017] Furthermore, the setting positions of the metasurface group include the top of the dipole, the bottom of the dipole, above the central position of the dipole or below the central position of the dipole.

[0018] Furthermore, when the metasurface group is set at the top and bottom of the dipole, the coincidence modes include not coinciding with the dipole, coinciding with the dipole, and partially coinciding with the dipole.

[0019] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology. By introducing metasurface technology, the dipole antenna is optimized and designed, significantly enhancing its horizontal radiation ability and improving the performance of signal penetrating mountain obstacles, thereby providing a high-gain, easy-to-deploy, and highly adaptable solution for emergency communication, remote monitoring, and Internet of Things applications. This technology is especially suitable for complex environments such as remote mountainous areas, island communications, and disaster relief, and has important value for enhancing the coverage ability and reliability of communication systems.

[0020] The purpose of the present invention is to improve the horizontal gain of the dipole antenna while maintaining the omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the horizontal direction to meet the wireless communication requirements in complex environments. The dipole antenna is a half-wave dipole, and the metasurface is a meandered line type. Multiple meandered line type metasurfaces are evenly placed radially at equal intervals around the dipole antenna by 360°, forming a layer of annular metasurface group. Multiple metasurface groups can be arranged along the antenna axis to achieve dynamic reconfiguration. Through the precise regulation of the antenna radiation characteristics by the metasurface, the present invention can provide stable and efficient wireless communication performance in strong electromagnetic interference environments or complex terrain conditions.

[0021] The present invention can achieve dynamic and fine regulation of gain and bandwidth through the reconfigurable combination of multiple metasurface groups according to the different biased index requirements of different application scenarios, so as to adjust the tendency of the index. The present invention is particularly suitable for emergency communication base stations, long-distance wireless coverage, and wireless transmission in special environments, providing an efficient, stable, and customizable wireless communication antenna solution.

[0022] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the dipole antenna structure of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the metasurface structure of the present invention; Figure 3 S11 curve graph of the original dipole antenna of the present invention; Figure 4 Radiation pattern of the original dipole antenna of the present invention; Figure 5 Overall view of the effect of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 S11 curve graph of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Radiation pattern of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 Overall view of the effect of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 S11 curve graph of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 Radiation pattern of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 Overall view of the effect of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 S11 curve graph of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 Radiation pattern of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 Overall view of the effect of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the fourth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 S11 curve graph of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the fourth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 Radiation pattern of the loaded metasurface dipole antenna in the fourth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 This is the overall diagram of the effect of loading the metasurface dipole antenna in the fifth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 18 This is the S11 curve diagram of the metasurface dipole antenna loaded in the fifth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 19 This is the radiation pattern of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further illustration of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof; The present invention provides a high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology, aiming to improve the horizontal gain of the dipole antenna while maintaining the omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the horizontal direction to meet the wireless communication requirements in complex environments. The reconfigurable antenna includes: a dipole antenna and a metasurface. The dipole antenna is a half-wave dipole, and the metasurface is a meander line type. A plurality of meander line type metasurfaces are evenly placed radially at equal intervals around the dipole antenna by 360°, forming a layer of annular metasurface group. A plurality of metasurface groups can be arranged along the antenna axis to achieve dynamic reconfiguration. Through the precise regulation of the radiation characteristics of the antenna by the metasurface, the present invention can provide stable and efficient wireless communication performance in strong electromagnetic interference environments or complex terrain conditions. The antenna is suitable for application scenarios such as emergency communication in remote mountainous areas, maritime communication, and Internet of Things infrastructure, and has the advantages of high gain, omnidirectional coverage, low cost, and easy deployment.

[0027] Preferably, as Figure 1As shown, the half-wave dipole antenna is composed of two straight conductor rods of equal length. The two straight conductor rods are symmetrically arranged and connected through the central feeding point, jointly forming a simple radiation structure with a total length of approximately half a wavelength (λ / 2), which is suitable for wireless signal transmission and reception in a single frequency band. The coordinate axes are set as follows: The z-axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and coincides with the central axis of the antenna conductor rod. The center point of the antenna is the origin. The x-axis is set to be orthogonal to the z-axis and pass through the origin, and the y-axis passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the x-axis and z-axis. The diameter of each straight conductor rod is 3 cm and the length is 59.7 cm. In this embodiment, the geometric parameters such as the length, diameter, and feeding port size of the two straight conductor rods constituting the dipole antenna are not limited to specific values, but can be correspondingly converted according to the scaling principle according to different operating frequencies to determine their sizes. The total length of the dipole antenna is 59.7 * 2 + 0.6 = 1.2 m. The z coordinate of the topmost end is 60 cm, and the z coordinate of the bottommost end is -60 cm. The central feeding point is a rectangular port with a length of 3 cm and a width of 0.6 cm, as Figure 1 shown. The above coordinates and geometric dimensions are the basis for positioning the specific position of the metasurface in the following embodiments.

[0028] The sizes of the half-wave dipole antenna operating at other operating frequencies and the sizes of the metasurface can be obtained by conversion according to the scaling principle. If the operating frequency changes from f0 to f1, that is, the current operating frequency becomes f1 / f0 times the original, the sizes of the dipole and the metasurface should become f0 / f1 times the original. There are allowable deviations in the actual design values after conversion, and the deviation range is from 0.8 f0 / f1 to 1.2 f0 / f1.

[0029] Preferably, the metasurface is a bent metal wire structure. A number of metasurfaces form a metasurface group. The metasurfaces in the metasurface group are distributed around the central axis of the dipole antenna in the horizontal direction, that is, arranged at equal angular intervals around the z-axis, and the whole has rotational symmetry about the z-axis.

[0030] In this embodiment, the angular interval of the metasurfaces in the metasurface group distributed around the central axis of the dipole antenna in the horizontal direction is a variable and is set according to the actual situation. And different numbers of metasurfaces are set according to the angular interval: Number of patches = 360° / angular interval.

[0031] Each metasurface is vertically embedded in a medium with a low dielectric constant to form a multi-layer metasurface stub. Among them, the medium with a low dielectric constant in this embodiment is such as polystyrene.

[0032] The overall shape of a bent wire metasurface is to bend a thin metal straight line with a certain width seven times at equal intervals (the bending parts have equal widths), as Figure 2As shown. The angles, quantities, starting and ending points of the meta - surfaces in each meta - surface group are all variables. The meandered - line meta - surfaces act on the edge - radiation mode radiation wavefront, that is, around the horizontal direction of the half - wave dipole in three - dimensional space. Reconfigurability is achieved by changing parameters such as the size, quantity, position, or combination method of the meta - surfaces. The principle of the meta - surface group to enhance the antenna gain is as follows: On the one hand, there is an electromagnetic coupling effect between the original dipole antenna and the meta - surface group. In addition to the radiation of the antenna itself, the meta - surfaces also radiate outward as secondary radiation sources, generating a synergistic effect similar to an array and playing a role similar to a director. The electromagnetic fields radiated by the main antenna and the meta - surfaces are superimposed and interfered in space, resulting in a significant enhancement of the radiation intensity in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, according to the equivalent medium theory, when the size of the meta - surface unit is at the sub - wavelength scale, it can be approximately regarded as an artificial medium with specific equivalent electromagnetic parameters, playing a role similar to a dielectric lens. When there is a spatial coincidence between the dipole antenna and the meta - surface group in the horizontal direction, after the electromagnetic wave radiated by the main antenna is incident on the meta - surface unit, its transmitted wave has a more flat equal - phase surface, thus improving the wavefront quality and further enhancing the radiation performance of the dipole antenna.

[0033] Further preferably, the number of slices and size scaling of the meta - surface structure are set according to the task requirements. The entire meta - surface group is mirror - symmetric about the horizontal plane. The meta - surface group is set in one or more groups axially according to the task requirements. Among them, the setting positions of the meta - surface group include the top of the dipole, the bottom of the dipole, above the center position of the dipole, or below the center position of the dipole. When the meta - surface group is set at the top and bottom of the dipole, the coincidence methods include not coinciding with the dipole, coinciding with the dipole, and partially coinciding with the dipole.

[0034] In this embodiment, the original dipole antenna without loaded meta - surfaces is detected, and the center frequency is set to 113 MHz. Figure 3 is the S11 curve graph of the original dipole antenna. Figure 4 is the radiation pattern of the original dipole antenna. It can be seen that for the dipole antenna without loaded meta - surfaces, the lowest S11 is - 29.3 dB, with omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal direction and a maximum gain of 2.16 dBi.

[0035] Next, with the dipole as the core, different combinations of meta - surface groups are loaded respectively to achieve mechanical reconfigurability. Each loading method is an embodiment, and each can significantly enhance the gain in the horizontal direction, but their respective tendency indicators and overall volumes are different.

[0036] Particularly, the adjustment parameters for different combinations of mechanical reconfiguration are: 1) The number of meta - surfaces in each layer, for example, 12 slices, 18 slices, or 36 slices for one rotation.

[0037] 2) The number of layers, for example, 4 layers, 2 layers.

[0038] 3) The metasurface structure can scale the length and width as a whole based on the original size, for example, scaling by 0.9 times.

[0039] 4) The position of each layer of the metasurface. For example, placed at the top and bottom of the dipole, or above or below the central position.

[0040] Among them, when at the top and bottom, it includes not coinciding with the dipole, that is, the end of the dipole does not insert into the central gap of the metasurface, coinciding with the dipole, that is, the end of the dipole inserts into the central gap of the metasurface, or partially coinciding, that is, the end of the dipole partially inserts into the central gap of the metasurface. The number and layers of the metasurfaces are not limited. The number of metasurfaces in each layer is required to be rotationally symmetric about the antenna central axis and is in the range of 4 to 36; the number of layers of the metasurface group is in the range of 1 to 6; the scaling factor of each metasurface is between 0.5 times and 1.5 times.

[0041] The above combinations are not all necessary, but are selected according to the specific task index requirements. In this embodiment, the following rules should be followed for the reconstruction of the antenna system: when the scenario requires wide bandwidth, the number of metasurfaces can be reduced or the distance between the metasurface and the antenna can be increased; when the scenario requires high radiation efficiency, or requires controlling the height and reducing the volume, considering concealment, the distance between the metasurface groups can be reduced so that most of the end of the dipole inserts into the central gap of the metasurface; when high gain is required, the number of metasurfaces can be increased, or the distance between the metasurface groups can be increased so that the end of the dipole does not insert into the central gap of the metasurface; when considering all aspects such as gain, volume, and bandwidth and having no obvious single - performance preference, the size of the metasurface can be reduced, or the distance between the metasurface groups can be reduced so that a small part of the end of the dipole inserts into the central gap of the metasurface; when the site is limited and a small antenna diameter is required, the number of metasurfaces can be reduced, the number of metasurface groups can be increased, and the distance between the metasurface and the antenna can be shortened. The above adjustments should all be within the effective adjustable range of the structure. Here, 5 embodiments with better electrical performance results are selected. The embodiments are sorted and respectively applicable to: scenarios requiring a relatively wide bandwidth; scenarios requiring high energy transfer efficiency, or small volume, low height, and concealed installation; scenarios requiring high gain; scenarios requiring comprehensive consideration of all aspects such as gain, volume, and bandwidth and having no obvious single - performance preference (although there is no extreme outstanding performance in each item, but the overall is better than the average level); scenarios requiring a small antenna diameter and limited site.

[0042] The embodiments are as follows: Embodiment 1: As Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, a dipole antenna and a metasurface are set. There are 2 groups / layers of metasurfaces, 18 pieces in each layer. The S11 curve graph of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface and the radiation pattern of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface are shown.

[0043] The original size of the patch is 36 cm in length and 33.6 cm in width. The distance between the closest point of the patch to the z-axis and the z-axis is 17.7 cm, the highest point is z = 107.2 cm, and it rotates around the z-axis with an interval of 20°. Two metasurface groups are mirror-symmetrically located at the top and bottom of the dipole antenna respectively and do not coincide with the dipole.

[0044] It can be seen that the far-field pattern of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface is significantly flattened, the omnidirectional gain is increased, and the S-parameters still meet the requirements after loading the metasurface. The center frequency of this example is 124.13 MHz, the lowest S11 is -38.1 dB, and the maximum gain is 4.08 dBi. The maximum gain increases by 1.92 dBi compared with the original. The current relative bandwidth is 8.3%, and the volume is 1.06 m in width and 2.14 m in height. Compared with other solutions, the reflection is low, the gain improvement is acceptable, the relative bandwidth is relatively wide, but the volume is large. This embodiment is applicable to scenarios requiring a relatively wide bandwidth.

[0045] Embodiment 2: As Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, a dipole antenna and a metasurface are set up. The metasurface has 2 layers, with 18 patches in each layer. The S11 curve of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface and the radiation pattern of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface are provided.

[0046] The distance between the closest point of the patch to the z-axis and the z-axis is 20 cm, the highest point is z = 64.6 cm, and it rotates around the z-axis with an interval of 20°. Two metasurface groups are mirror-symmetrically located at both ends of the dipole antenna. In the side view, most of them coincide with the dipole (without contact).

[0047] The center frequency of this example is 130.3 MHz, the lowest S11 is -46 dB, and the maximum gain is 3.5 dBi. The maximum gain increases by 1.34 dBi compared with the original. The current relative bandwidth is 7.7%, and the volume is 1.12 m in width and 1.29 m in height. Compared with other solutions, the reflection is low, the relative bandwidth is relatively wide, the volume is small, but the gain improvement is less. This embodiment is applicable to scenarios requiring high energy transfer efficiency, or scenarios where the volume is required to be small, the height cannot be too high, and concealed installation is needed.

[0048] Embodiment 3: As Figure 11 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13 shown, a dipole antenna and a metasurface are set up. The metasurface has 2 layers, with 36 patches in each layer. The S11 curve of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface and the radiation pattern of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface are provided.

[0049] The distance between the closest point of the patch to the z-axis and the z-axis is 18 cm, the highest point is z = 96.6 cm, and it rotates around the z-axis with an interval of 10°. Two metasurface groups are mirror-located at the top and bottom of the dipole antenna respectively and do not coincide with the dipole.

[0050] In this example, the center frequency is 143.3 MHz, the lowest S11 is -33.9 dB, and the maximum gain is 5.17 dBi. The maximum gain increases by 3 dBi compared to the original. The current relative bandwidth is 3.4%, and the volume is 1.08 m wide and 1.93 m high. Compared with other solutions, the bandwidth is relatively narrow and the volume is relatively large, but the gain improvement is relatively large. This embodiment is applicable to scenarios requiring high gain.

[0051] Example 4: As Figure 14 、 Figure 15 and Figure 16 shown, a dipole antenna and a metasurface are set. The metasurface has 2 layers, with 18 pieces in each layer, 0.9 times the size. The S11 curve graph of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface and the radiation pattern of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface are provided.

[0052] The patch is 0.9 times the original size, with a length of 36 * 0.9 cm and a width of 33.6 * 0.9 cm. The distance between the closest point of the patch to the z-axis and the z-axis is 23 cm, the highest point is z = 87.24 cm, and it rotates around the z-axis with an interval of 20°. Two metasurface groups are mirror-located at the top and bottom of the dipole antenna respectively, and a small part coincides with the dipole.

[0053] In this example, the center frequency is 130.84 MHz, the lowest S11 is -35.4 dB, and the maximum gain is 4.169 dBi. The maximum gain increases by 2 dBi compared to the original. The current relative bandwidth is 6.9%, and the volume is 1.11 m wide and 1.74 m high. Compared with other solutions, the reflection is lower, the bandwidth is acceptable, the volume is moderate, and the gain improvement is acceptable. This embodiment is applicable to scenarios that consider various aspects such as gain, volume, and bandwidth comprehensively and have no obvious single-performance preference (although there is no extreme excellence in each performance, the overall is better than the average level).

[0054] Example 5: As Figure 17 、 Figure 18 and Figure 19 shown, a dipole antenna and a metasurface are set. The metasurface has 4 layers, with 12 pieces in each layer, 0.9 times the size. The S11 curve graph of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface and the radiation pattern of the dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface are provided.

[0055] The distance between the closest point of the patch to the z-axis and the z-axis is 7.8 cm, the highest point is z = 96.48 cm, layers 1 and 4 are mirrored, layers 2 and 3 are mirrored, and the spacing between each layer is 11 cm (the spacing refers to the distance from the bottom of the upper layer to the top of the lower layer, i.e., the length of the air gap), and it rotates around the z-axis with an interval of 30°.

[0056] There are a total of four metasurface groups. 2 groups are located in the middle of the antenna and coincide with the antenna. The other 2 groups are located at both ends of the dipole antenna respectively and do not coincide with the dipole.

[0057] The center frequency of this example is 146.63 MHz, the lowest S11 is -34.5 dB, and the maximum gain is 4.6 dBi. The maximum gain increases by 2.44 dBi compared to the original. The current relative bandwidth is 5%, and the volume is 0.8 m wide and 1.93 m high. Compared with other solutions, the reflection is low, the bandwidth is acceptable, the gain is increased significantly, and the diameter is effectively reduced. This embodiment is applicable to scenarios where the antenna diameter is required to be small and the site is restricted.

[0058] In the field of civil communication, the demand for the rapid deployment and high reliability of emergency communication base stations in remote mountainous areas is becoming increasingly prominent. Although the traditional dipole antenna has the advantages of simple structure and omnidirectional radiation, its horizontal gain is limited, and the signal coverage is easily blocked by terrain, making it difficult to meet the long-distance communication requirements in complex environments. This embodiment introduces the metasurface technology to optimize the design of the dipole antenna, significantly enhancing its horizontal radiation ability and improving the performance of signal penetration through mountain obstacles, thus providing a high-gain, easy-to-deploy, and highly adaptable solution for emergency communication, remote monitoring, and Internet of Things applications. This technology is particularly applicable to complex environments such as remote mountainous areas, island communication, and disaster relief, and has important value for improving the coverage ability and reliability of communication systems.

[0059] The antenna in this embodiment is based on the traditional dipole antenna and loads the meandered-line metasurface to achieve an increase in the horizontal direction gain. Through different metasurface groups, mechanical reconfigurability is realized to achieve different index tendencies.

[0060] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that based on the technical solutions of the present invention, various modifications or deformations that can be made without creative efforts by those skilled in the art are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology, characterized in that, Including: A dipole antenna and a metasurface. The metasurface is a metal bent wire structure. A number of metasurfaces form a metasurface group. The metasurfaces in the metasurface group are vertically embedded symmetrically at equal intervals around the dipole antenna by 360° in a medium with a low dielectric constant, forming a multi-layer metasurface stub.

2. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on the dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology according to claim 1, wherein The dipole antenna is composed of two straight conductor rods with equal lengths. The two straight conductor rods are symmetrically arranged and connected through a central feeding point.

3. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on the dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology according to claim 2, wherein Each straight conductor rod has a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 59.7 cm.

4. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The total length of the dipole antenna is 1.2 m.

5. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfigurable metasurface technology according to claim 2, wherein The central feeding point is a rectangular port with a length of 3 cm and a width of 0.6 cm.

6. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on the dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology according to claim 1, wherein The number of metasurface sheets and the size scaling of the metasurface structure are set according to the task requirements.

7. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The whole metasurface group is mirror symmetric about the horizontal plane.

8. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on the dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology according to claim 1, characterized in that The metasurface group is set in one or more groups axially according to the task requirements.

9. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on the dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology according to claim 8, wherein The setting positions of the metasurface group include the top of the dipole, the bottom of the dipole, above the central position of the dipole, or below the central position of the dipole.

10. The high-gain omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna based on the dynamic reconfiguration metasurface technology according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the metasurface group is set at the top and bottom of the dipole, the coincidence methods include not coinciding with the dipole, coinciding with the dipole, and partially coinciding with the dipole.

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