Satellite network access resource allocation method and device, satellite-borne base station and program product

Abstract

The invention provides a satellite network access resource allocation method and device, a satellite-borne base station and a program product, and the method comprises the steps: determining the end-to-end time delay satisfaction degree of each GBR user based on the bearer network backhaul time delay of each GBR user currently accessing a satellite network, and carrying out the access resource allocation for each GBR user according to the end-to-end time delay satisfaction degree of each GBR user; and according to the bearer network backhaul packet loss rate of each non-GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, determining the expected value of the number of backhaul packet loss of each non-GBR user, and based on the expected value of the number of backhaul packet loss of each non-GBR user, carrying out access resource allocation on each non-GBR user. According to the invention, a satellite network backhaul-perceivable access resource allocation mode can be realized, the flexibility of satellite network access resource allocation can be effectively improved, the reliability of satellite network data transmission can be improved, and an effective end-to-end service quality guarantee can be provided for the satellite network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of satellite networks, and in particular, to a satellite network access resource allocation method, apparatus, on-board base station, and program product. Background Art

[0002] Satellites in a satellite network with an Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) are equipped with on-board base stations, which can provide functions such as user access, spectrum resource management, and mobility management for User Equipment (UE). As a global communication infrastructure, satellite networks need to provide differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) for different users and applications. Existing satellite network systems follow the architecture of terrestrial mobile networks, that is, the access network and the bearer network have independent system architectures and management processes, and access resource allocation is independently implemented within the access network. In terrestrial mobile networks, the bearer network consists of high-capacity optical fiber links, and its performance has a negligible impact on end-to-end QoS.

[0003] However, in the backhaul based on the Inter-Satellite Link (ISL), due to the lower capacity of laser or microwave links compared to terrestrial optical fiber links, the capacity of the bearer network is significantly limited. At the same time, compared with the access network, the backhaul based on ISL usually faces longer propagation delays. In addition, inter-satellite link disconnections, queue congestion, and packet loss events further exacerbate the performance degradation of the bearer network. That is to say, in satellite networks, the backhaul of the bearer network plays a more important role in end-to-end QoS. The existing satellite network access resource allocation method ignores the backhaul performance when allocating access resources, which not only cannot ensure the rationality of satellite network access resource allocation, but also affects the reliability of data transmission, and thus cannot provide more effective end-to-end QoS guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a satellite network access resource allocation method, apparatus, on-board base station, and program product to eliminate or improve one or more defects existing in the prior art.

[0005] One aspect of the present application provides a satellite network access resource allocation method, including:

[0006] Based on the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) user currently accessing the satellite network, respectively determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users, and allocate access resources for each of the GBR users according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users;

[0007] Based on the bearer network backhaul packet loss rates corresponding to each non-GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, determine the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers for each of the non-GBR users, and perform access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users based on the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers for each of the non-GBR users.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the determining the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees for each of the GBR users based on the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network includes:

[0009] Based on the current access delays corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network and the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each of the GBR users obtained from the on-board routers of the access satellites in the satellite network, determine the end-to-end delays corresponding to each of the GBR users currently;

[0010] Based on the preset end-to-end delay requirement values corresponding to each of the GBR users and the end-to-end delays, determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees corresponding to each of the GBR users.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the performing access resource allocation for each of the GBR users according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users includes:

[0012] According to the data transmission rate constraints corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, initially allocate resource blocks that meet the data transmission rate constraints corresponding to each of the GBR users to each of the GBR users, where the total number of the resource blocks obtained by each of the GBR users is less than or equal to the initial resource block quantity threshold;

[0013] Regard each of the GBR users and a preset resource pool as different classes, where multiple resource blocks are provided in the resource pool;

[0014] Perform clustering games on each of the classes, so that each of the resource blocks is exchanged between different classes based on a preset preference relationship, so that an equilibrium state is reached between each of the classes, and use the resource blocks in the classes corresponding to each of the GBR users as the access resource allocation result data corresponding to each of the GBR users.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the preference relationship includes: taking any two of the classes as the current original class and target class respectively; if swapping one resource block in the original class to the target class makes the sum of the first benefit functions corresponding to the original class and the target class increase strictly, it is confirmed that there is a preference for the resource block to be swapped from the original class to the target class, so as to swap the resource block from the original class to the target class;

[0016] Wherein, the first benefit function is pre-constructed based on the end-to-end delay satisfaction degree and the data transmission rate constraint.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the step of respectively determining the expected number of backhaul packet losses of each non-GBR user according to the bearer network backhaul packet loss rate corresponding to each non-GBR user currently accessing the satellite network includes:

[0018] According to the average packet size and transmission time interval of each non-GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, and the bearer network backhaul packet loss rate corresponding to each non-GBR user obtained from the on-board router of the access satellite in the satellite network, the expected number of backhaul packet losses of each non-GBR user is respectively determined.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the step of performing access resource allocation for each non-GBR user based on the expected number of backhaul packet losses of each non-GBR user respectively includes:

[0020] According to the expected number of backhaul packet losses, data rate prediction value, preset priority and buffer length corresponding to each non-GBR user, the solutions of the second benefit functions corresponding to each non-GBR user are respectively obtained;

[0021] Sort each non-GBR user according to the decreasing order of the solutions of each second benefit function, and the scheduling order corresponding to each sorted non-GBR user decreases in turn;

[0022] All the remaining resource blocks in the class corresponding to the resource pool are sequentially allocated to each sorted non-GBR user.

[0023] Another aspect of the present application provides a satellite network access resource allocation device, including:

[0024] A backhaul delay perception allocation module, configured to respectively determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each GBR user based on the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, and perform access resource allocation for each GBR user according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each GBR user;

[0025] The backhaul packet loss rate awareness allocation module is used to respectively determine the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network according to the respective bearer network backhaul packet loss rates corresponding to each of the non-GBR users, and perform access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users based on the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the non-GBR users.

[0026] The third aspect of the present application provides an on-board base station disposed in a satellite network. The on-board base station includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the satellite network access resource allocation method described above is implemented.

[0027] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the satellite network access resource allocation method described above is implemented.

[0028] The fifth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the satellite network access resource allocation method described above is implemented.

[0029] The satellite network access resource allocation method provided by the present application respectively determines the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users according to the respective bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, and performs access resource allocation for each of the GBR users according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users; respectively determines the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the non-GBR users according to the respective bearer network backhaul packet loss rates corresponding to each of the non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, and performs access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users based on the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the non-GBR users; can realize a satellite network backhaul-aware access resource allocation method, and by using the bearer network backhaul delay and packet loss rate to assist in making access resource allocation decisions for users, can effectively improve the rationality, flexibility, and reliability of satellite network access resource allocation, and can improve the reliability of satellite network data transmission and the operation stability of the bearer network, and further can provide effective end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantee for the satellite network.

[0030] The additional advantages, objectives, and features of the present application will be partially described below, and will become partially obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after studying the following text, or can be learned according to the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the structures specifically pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0031] Those skilled in the art will understand that the objectives and advantages that can be achieved by this application are not limited to those specifically described above, and the above and other objectives that can be achieved by this application will be more clearly understood according to the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of this application, form a part of this application, and do not limit this application. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, but are only for showing the principles of this application. In order to facilitate showing and describing some parts of this application, the corresponding parts in the drawings may be enlarged, that is, may become larger relative to other components in the exemplary device actually manufactured according to this application. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 FIG. 9 is a first flowchart of a satellite network access resource allocation method in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 2 FIG. 13 is a second flowchart of a satellite network access resource allocation method in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 3 FIG. 17 is a structural diagram of a satellite network access resource allocation device in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 4 FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture targeted by a satellite network access resource allocation method in an application example of this application.

[0037] Figure 5 FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of resource blocks being exchanged between classes based on preference relationships in an application example of this application.

[0038] Figure 6 FIG. 29 is a flowchart of allocating access resources to non-GBR users in an application example of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer and more understandable, the following further detailed description is made to this application in combination with the embodiments and the drawings. Herein, the illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application, but do not limit this application.

[0040] Herein, it also needs to be noted that in order to avoid obscuring this application due to unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution according to this application are shown in the drawings, and other details less related to this application are omitted.

[0041] It should be emphasized that when the term "comprising / including" is used herein, it refers to the presence of features, elements, steps or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components.

[0042] Here, it also needs to be noted that if not otherwise specified, the term "connection" in this text can not only refer to a direct connection, but also represent an indirect connection with an intermediate.

[0043] In the following, embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar components, or the same or similar steps.

[0044] In recent years, the successful deployments of Starlink, Iridium and OneWeb have highlighted the significant advantages of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks in global wireless access, which have broad economic, social and strategic values in aspects such as global wireless broadband access, disaster relief and military activities. In particular, the introduction of laser inter-satellite links (ISLs) reduces the dependence on ground stations and enables global coverage. Among them, the access resource allocation methods in existing terrestrial and satellite communication systems include: classical resource allocation algorithms, resource allocation algorithms based on classical optimization methods, and resource allocation algorithms based on reinforcement learning or deep learning. Specifically:

[0045] 1. Classical resource allocation algorithms: such as maximum throughput, proportional fairness algorithm, round robin, weighted round robin, etc., which achieve efficient resource scheduling optimization and bandwidth management through different strategies.

[0046] 2. Resource allocation algorithms based on classical optimization methods: To achieve the above optimization goals, the resource allocation problem is modeled as an optimization problem and solved by means of convex optimization, dynamic programming, Lagrangian duality, Lagrangian relaxation, genetic algorithms, ant colony algorithms, etc. to solve complex engineering problems.

[0047] 3. Resource allocation algorithms based on reinforcement learning or deep learning: Strategies based on reinforcement learning and deep learning show strong optimization capabilities and intelligent decision-making capabilities in complex and dynamic environments. Methods such as Q-Learning, policy gradient methods, and multi-agent reinforcement learning are applied to wireless resource scheduling management.

[0048] However, in existing terrestrial mobile networks and satellite network systems, the access network and the bearer network both have independent system architectures and management processes. The allocation of user access resources is based on a single access network resource view and is implemented independently within the access network. Specifically, the terrestrial bearer network consists of high-capacity optical fiber links, and its performance has a negligible impact on the end-to-end quality of service (QoS). In the case of ISL-based backhaul, existing solutions also ignore the status of the backhaul path. The allocation of access resources is still based on a single access network view, focusing on the internal optimization goals of the access network while ignoring the end-to-end performance. That is to say, the existing satellite network access resource allocation method ignores the backhaul performance when allocating access resources, which not only fails to ensure the rationality of satellite network access resource allocation but also affects the reliability of data transmission, and thus cannot provide a more effective end-to-end QoS guarantee.

[0049] Based on this, to solve the above problems existing in the existing satellite network access resource allocation method, the embodiments of the present application respectively provide a satellite network access resource allocation method, a satellite network access resource allocation device for executing the satellite network access resource allocation method, an entity device such as an on-board base station, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product. A backhaul-aware access resource allocation method is proposed for diverse user requirements, with the end-to-end quality of service (QoS) as the optimization goal, serving both GBR users and Non-GBR users.

[0050] Specific details are described in detail through the following embodiments.

[0051] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a satellite network access resource allocation method that can be implemented by a satellite network access resource allocation device. Refer to Figure 1 and the satellite network access resource allocation method specifically includes the following content:

[0052] Step 100: Based on the bearer network backhaul delay corresponding to each GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction of each GBR user respectively, and allocate access resources for each GBR user according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction of each GBR user.

[0053] In step 100, the satellite network access resource allocation device uses the bearer network backhaul delay corresponding to each GBR user to assist in determining the end-to-end delay satisfaction of each GBR user, which can effectively improve the accuracy and rationality of the end-to-end delay satisfaction of each GBR user, and further improve the rationality and effectiveness of allocating access resources for each GBR user according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction.

[0054] Step 200: Determine the expected number of backhaul packet losses for each of the non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network based on their respective bearer network backhaul packet loss rates, and perform access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users based on the expected number of backhaul packet losses for each of the non-GBR users.

[0055] In step 200, the satellite network access resource allocation device uses the bearer network backhaul packet loss rate corresponding to each non-GBR user to assist in determining the expected number of backhaul packet losses for each non-GBR user, which can effectively improve the accuracy and rationality of the expected number of backhaul packet losses for each non-GBR user, and further improve the rationality and effectiveness of performing access resource allocation for each non-GBR user based on the expected number of backhaul packet losses.

[0056] It can be understood that according to the data rate requirements of users, the user types of the satellite network can be divided into GBR users and non-GBR users (i.e., Non-GBR users). A GBR user refers to a user terminal with a guaranteed minimum transmission rate for data transmission in the satellite network, mainly applied to real-time application scenarios such as voice communication and video conferencing; a non-GBR user refers to a user terminal without a guaranteed minimum transmission rate, and within a certain period of time, the minimum transmission rate of the channel resources used by the user can be lower than a certain value, mainly applied to non-real-time scenarios.

[0057] The resources for performing access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users in step 200 can be the currently available resource blocks remaining after performing access resource allocation for each of the GBR users in step 100.

[0058] In one or more embodiments of the present application, access resource allocation refers to allocating resource blocks. A resource block is also a physical resource block. A physical resource block (PRB) is an important concept in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. It is one of the basic units for allocating radio resources in an OFDM system and is widely used in wireless communication systems such as LTE and 5G NR. In the frequency domain, a PRB usually contains a certain number of consecutive subcarriers. In the time domain, a PRB corresponds to a group of OFDM symbols. In a transmission time interval (TTI), each resource block can be allocated to at most one user.

[0059] Among them, the bearer network of the satellite network refers to the network layer located between the satellite and the terrestrial communication network, which is mainly responsible for data transmission and forwarding. In a satellite communication system, the bearer network plays a crucial role. It connects the satellite network and the terrestrial network to ensure that data can be smoothly transmitted between different networks. The satellite accessed by the user terminal is called the access satellite. The satellite is equipped with a laser terminal, which can establish inter-satellite links with adjacent satellites in the same orbit or adjacent cross-orbit satellites. The ground station establishes a ground-satellite link (GSL) with the satellite to receive backhaul data and forward it to the terrestrial backbone network. The satellite connected to the ground station is called the landable satellite. UEs distributed globally select an access satellite and send data to it; the access satellite forwards the data to the landable satellite via the bearer network through one or more inter-satellite links; finally, it reaches the terrestrial backbone network through the ground station. And the satellite network mentioned in one or more embodiments of the present application may refer to a satellite network with a laser inter-satellite link (ISL).

[0060] As can be seen from the above description, the satellite network access resource allocation method provided by the embodiments of the present application can achieve an access resource allocation method that can sense the backhaul of the satellite network. By using the bearer network backhaul delay and packet loss rate to assist in making access resource allocation decisions for users, it can effectively improve the rationality, flexibility, and reliability of satellite network access resource allocation, and can improve the reliability of satellite network data transmission and the operation stability of the bearer network, thereby being able to provide effective end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantee for the satellite network.

[0061] To further improve the application effectiveness and reliability of the end-to-end delay satisfaction, in a satellite network access resource allocation method provided by the embodiments of the present application, refer to Figure 2 In step 100 of the satellite network access resource allocation method, it specifically includes the following content:

[0062] Step 110: According to the access delay currently corresponding to each GBR user accessing the satellite network and the bearer network backhaul delay corresponding to each GBR user obtained from the on-board router of the access satellite in the satellite network, respectively determine the end-to-end delay currently corresponding to each GBR user.

[0063] Step 120: Based on the preset end-to-end delay requirement value corresponding to each GBR user and the end-to-end delay, respectively determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction corresponding to each GBR user.

[0064] Specifically, the end-to-end delay D u is calculated as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, is the access delay corresponding to user u. Among them, the access delay consists of queuing delay, transmission delay, and satellite-ground propagation delay. Among them, the queuing delay and transmission delay are related to the current actual user rate; is the bearer network backhaul delay corresponding to the GBR user, which can also be simply referred to as the backhaul delay.

[0067] End-to-end delay satisfaction Γ u (which can also be simply referred to as delay satisfaction) is shown as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, is the end-to-end delay requirement value of user u.

[0070] In order to further improve the rationality and reliability of access resource allocation for each of the GBR users, in a satellite network access resource allocation method provided in an embodiment of the present application, refer to Figure 2 , after step 120, step 100 in the satellite network access resource allocation method further specifically includes the following content:

[0071] Step 130: According to the data transmission rate constraints corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, initially allocate resource blocks that meet the respective data transmission rate constraints to each of the GBR users, where the total number of the resource blocks obtained by each of the GBR users is less than or equal to the initial resource block quantity threshold.

[0072] Specifically, an initial solution that meets the user data rate constraints can be generated through step 130 to accelerate algorithm convergence. The process is as follows: Traverse each GBR user. Allocate an additional resource block k to the current user. If the current user rate reaches the requested rate, traverse to the next user; otherwise, allocate an additional resource block to this user. To ensure the system spectrum efficiency, the total number of resource blocks obtained by each GBR user does not exceed a certain upper limit, that is, the initial resource block quantity threshold. After the above process ends, update the clustering result S u .

[0073] Step 140: Regard each of the GBR users and a preset resource pool as different classes respectively, where multiple resource blocks are provided in the resource pool.

[0074] It can be understood that the classes corresponding to each of the GBR users can be represented as S1 to S N ; the class corresponding to the resource pool can be represented as S0.

[0075] Step 150: Perform clustering games on each of the classes so that each of the resource blocks is exchanged between different classes based on a preset preference relationship, so as to achieve an equilibrium state among the classes, and use the resource blocks in the classes corresponding to each of the GBR users as the access resource allocation result data corresponding to each of the GBR users respectively.

[0076] Specifically, to solve the following optimization objective, that is, to maximize the delay satisfaction of GBR users, the present application converts it into a clustering game process. Each user corresponds to a class, and the clustering result is denoted as S u ; and each resource block corresponds to an individual. After the clustering starts, the resource block can choose to leave one class and join any other class. Through the game, the clustering finally reaches an equilibrium state, that is, no individual can obtain a higher overall utility by unilaterally changing its strategy.

[0077] Among them, the optimization objective is:

[0078]

[0079] On this basis, in order to further improve the effectiveness and reliability of the clustering game, in a satellite network access resource allocation method provided in an embodiment of the present application, the preference relationship in the satellite network access resource allocation method includes: taking any two of the classes as the current original class and target class respectively; if exchanging a resource block in the original class to the target class makes the sum of the first benefit functions corresponding to the original class and the target class increase strictly, it is confirmed that the resource block has a preference to be exchanged from the original class to the target class, so that the resource block is exchanged from the original class to the target class;

[0080] Among them, the first benefit function is constructed in advance based on the end-to-end delay satisfaction and the data transmission rate constraint.

[0081] Specifically, based on the initial solution that meets the data rate constraint, the present application proposes an end-to-end delay optimization link. Specifically, an additional number of resource blocks are divided as a resource pool to perform end-to-end delay compensation for GBR users. The number of resource blocks for delay optimization is determined by engineering experience. The allocation strategy of the additional resource blocks is determined based on the clustering game method, and the implementation method is as follows:

[0082] First, an additional class S0 is defined as the initial resource pool, which is filled with additional resource blocks for performing delay optimization.

[0083] The association result between any user and the resource block generates a corresponding clustering benefit. Based on the rate constraint and the delay compensation target, the first benefit function U(S u) It is defined as follows:

[0084]

[0085] The first benefit function is explained as follows:

[0086] 1) The data rate obtained by any user u should not be less than its guaranteed bit rate Otherwise, the user benefit is -∞.

[0087] 2) S1 to S N represents the class corresponding to the user, where N is the total number of GBR users; in particular, S0 is the initial resource pool used to load additional resource blocks for performing latency optimization; when any resource block is in S0, the benefit generated is 0.

[0088] 3) In other cases, the benefit function of this class is equal to the latency satisfaction of this user.

[0089] In a clustering game, individuals exchange based on the preference relationship. For resource block k, the preference relationship > k is defined as follows:

[0090]

[0091] That is, resource block k is willing to leave the jth class S j and join the ith class S i , if and only if this exchange strictly increases the sum of the utility functions of S i and S j . Here, the sum of the two functions being strictly increasing means that after adding the two functions, the resulting new function has the property of a strictly increasing function within its domain. A strictly increasing function means that for a function f defined on a certain set D, if for any two elements x1 and x2 (x1 < x2) in D, f(x1) < f(x2), then f is called a strictly increasing function on D.

[0092] After the clustering starts, all resource blocks are exchanged between classes based on the preference relationship until an equilibrium state is reached.

[0093] To further improve the application effectiveness and reliability of the expected number of backhaul packet losses of each of the non - GBR users, in a satellite network access resource allocation method provided in an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 2 , step 200 in the satellite network access resource allocation method specifically includes the following content:

[0094] Step 210: Determine the expected number of backhaul packet losses for each of the non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, respectively, according to the average packet size and transmission time interval corresponding to each non-GBR user, and the bearer network backhaul packet loss rate corresponding to each non-GBR user obtained from the on-board router of the access satellite in the satellite network.

[0095] Specifically, the expected number of backhaul packet losses is calculated according to the following formula:

[0096]

[0097] where T TTI is the duration of the transmission time interval TTI (Transmission Time Interval), which can be simply referred to as the transmission time interval, that is, the minimum time unit for scheduling and resource allocation. For example, T TTI can take a value of 1 ms. r u is the data rate that user u can achieve under the given allocation result, that is, the data rate prediction value, and the data rate is obtained based on the Shannon formula. L u is the current bearer network backhaul packet loss rate of user u, which can be simply referred to as the backhaul packet loss rate, and P avg is the size of each average packet (i.e., the average packet size).

[0098] In order to further improve the rationality and reliability of access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users, in a satellite network access resource allocation method provided in an embodiment of the present application, refer to Figure 2 , after step 210, step 200 in the satellite network access resource allocation method further specifically includes the following content:

[0099] Step 220: Obtain the solution of the second benefit function corresponding to each of the non-GBR users, respectively, according to the expected number of backhaul packet losses, data rate prediction value, preset priority, and buffer length corresponding to each non-GBR user.

[0100] Specifically, the expression of the second benefit function R u is as follows:

[0101]

[0102] where P u is the priority of user u; Q u is the current UE buffer length of user u; ω1, ω2, and ω3 are all weighting parameters, satisfying ω1 + ω2 + ω3 = 1, and their respective value ranges are [0, 1]. is the set of non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network. mu It is a user access variable, indicating whether user u gets resource allocation in the current time slot. If it is equal to 1, a certain amount of resources are allocated; if it is equal to 0, no resources are obtained.

[0103] Furthermore, the resource allocation problem for Non-GBR users can be transformed into the following optimization problem:

[0104]

[0105] This problem is a classic 0-1 knapsack problem, and the optimal scheduling order of users needs to be solved to obtain the optimal allocation scheme.

[0106] Step 230: Sort each of the Non-GBR users in descending order according to the solutions of the respective second benefit functions, and the corresponding scheduling orders of each of the sorted Non-GBR users decrease in turn.

[0107] Step 240: Allocate each of the remaining resource blocks in the class corresponding to the resource pool to each of the sorted Non-GBR users in turn.

[0108] In order to further improve the effectiveness and reliability of obtaining the backhaul path state, in a satellite network access resource allocation method provided in an embodiment of the present application, the on-board router may pre-store the bearer network backhaul state information;

[0109] Among them, the bearer network backhaul state information includes: the correspondence relationship between the user unique identifier, the bearer network backhaul path, the reachable state, the bearer network backhaul delay, and the bearer network backhaul packet loss rate.

[0110] From a software perspective, the present application also provides a satellite network access resource allocation device for executing all or part of the satellite network access resource allocation method, see Figure 3 The satellite network access resource allocation device specifically includes the following content:

[0111] The backhaul delay perception allocation module 10 is used to respectively determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users based on the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, and perform access resource allocation for each of the GBR users according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users;

[0112] The backhaul packet loss rate perception allocation module 20 is used to respectively determine the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the Non-GBR users according to the bearer network backhaul packet loss rates corresponding to each of the Non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, and perform access resource allocation for each of the Non-GBR users based on the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the Non-GBR users.

[0113] The embodiments of the satellite network access resource allocation device provided in this application can specifically be used to execute the processing procedures of the embodiments of the satellite network access resource allocation method in the above embodiments. Its functions will not be elaborated here, and reference can be made to the detailed description of the embodiments of the satellite network access resource allocation method above.

[0114] The part of the satellite network access resource allocation device for satellite network access resource allocation can be completed in a server or a client device, for example, it can be executed in an on-board base station. Specifically, it can be selected according to the processing capabilities of the client device and the limitations of the user usage scenario, etc. This application does not make any limitations in this regard. If all operations are completed in the client device, the client device may also include a processor for specific processing of satellite network access resource allocation.

[0115] The above client device may have a communication module (i.e., a communication unit), which can communicate with a remote server to achieve data transmission with the server. The server may include a server on the task scheduling center side, and in other implementation scenarios, it may also include a server on an intermediate platform, such as a server on a third-party server platform with a communication link to the task scheduling center server. The server may include a single computer device, or a server cluster composed of multiple servers, or a server structure of a distributed device.

[0116] Any suitable network protocol can be used for communication between the above server and the client device side, including network protocols that have not been developed as of the filing date of this application. The network protocol can, for example, include TCP / IP protocol, UDP / IP protocol, HTTP protocol, HTTPS protocol, etc. Of course, the network protocol can also, for example, include the RPC protocol (Remote Procedure Call Protocol) and the REST protocol (Representational State Transfer) used on top of the above protocols.

[0117] As can be seen from the above description, the satellite network access resource allocation device provided in the embodiments of this application can achieve an access resource allocation method that is perceivable for satellite network backhaul. By using the bearer network backhaul delay and packet loss rate to assist in making access resource allocation decisions for users, it can effectively improve the rationality, flexibility, and reliability of satellite network access resource allocation, and can improve the reliability of satellite network data transmission and the operational stability of the bearer network, thereby being able to provide effective end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantee for the satellite network.

[0118] On this basis, the embodiments of the present application further provide a spaceborne base station disposed in a satellite network. The spaceborne base station may include a processor, a memory, a receiver, and a transmitter. The processor is used to execute the satellite network access resource allocation method mentioned in the above embodiments. The processor and the memory may be connected through a bus or other means. Taking the connection through the bus as an example, the receiver may be connected to the processor and the memory in a wired or wireless manner.

[0119] The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU). The processor may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc., or a combination of the above types of chips.

[0120] As a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the memory can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the satellite network access resource allocation method in the embodiments of the present application. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of the processor by running the non-transitory software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory, that is, to implement the satellite network access resource allocation method in the above method embodiments.

[0121] The memory may include a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created by the processor, etc. In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage devices. In some embodiments, the memory may optionally include a memory remotely disposed relative to the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor through a network. Examples of the above networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, enterprise intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0122] The one or more modules are stored in the memory and, when executed by the processor, execute the satellite network access resource allocation method in the embodiments.

[0123] In some embodiments of the present application, the user equipment may include a processor, a memory, and a transceiver unit. The transceiver unit may include a receiver and a transmitter. The processor, the memory, the receiver, and the transmitter may be connected through a bus system. The memory is used to store computer instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver unit to transmit and receive signals.

[0124] As an implementation manner, the functions of the receiver and the transmitter in the present application may be considered to be implemented through a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver. The processor may be considered to be implemented through a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, or a general-purpose chip.

[0125] As another implementation manner, it may be considered to use a general-purpose computer to implement the server provided in the embodiments of the present application. That is, the program codes for implementing the functions of the processor, the receiver, and the transmitter are stored in the memory, and the general-purpose processor implements the functions of the processor, the receiver, and the transmitter by executing the codes in the memory.

[0126] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the foregoing satellite network access resource allocation method are implemented. The computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible storage medium, such as a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a removable storage disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the technical field.

[0127] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the foregoing satellite network access resource allocation method are implemented.

[0128] To further illustrate the above embodiments, the present application also provides a specific application example of a satellite network access resource allocation method, that is, a satellite network backhaul-aware access resource allocation method. In this application example, the backhaul path information (backhaul delay, packet loss rate, etc.) of the satellite bearer network is exposed to the on-board base station to assist the base station in making access resource allocation decisions. First, for GBR users, backhaul delay awareness is achieved. While meeting the user rate requirements, the backhaul delay and end-to-end delay constraints of the user are considered to optimize the end-to-end delay satisfaction. Then, for Non-GBR users, backhaul reliability awareness is achieved. While optimizing the system throughput, users with a high backhaul packet loss rate are temporarily service degraded. Long-term service degradation may cause user fairness problems, and the solution solves this problem by considering the UE buffer state.

[0129] The system architecture targeted by the satellite network access resource allocation method provided by the application example is shown in Figure 4 , where UE1, UE2, and UE n are all users, and the essence of the resource allocation problem is the resource block-user association problem. Define as the set of GBR and Non-GBR users to be scheduled, as the set of resource blocks available for scheduling. This application example first describes the detection and storage scheme of the backhaul path status; then, it designs the resource allocation strategy around two links: GBR user resource allocation and Non-GBR user resource allocation. Specifically, this application example includes the following content:

[0130] 1. Input the user attributes and QoS requirements of GBR users and Non-GBR users. The QoS requirements of GBR users include end-to-end delay and data rate; Non-GBR users have no rate and delay requirements.

[0131] Specifically, in a satellite bearer network based on Software Defined Network (SDN), the on-board router accessing the satellite caches the user's backhaul path and its attributes, which are used to indicate the data packet forwarding path. The satellite accesses based on multiple detection methods to detect and cache the backhaul path delay, packet loss rate, and reachable status of the user service.

[0132] The above backhaul delay and backhaul packet loss rate both refer to the path delay or packet loss rate of the bearer network part.

[0133] 2. First, resources are allocated to GBR users. Each user gets a certain number of resource blocks until the actual data rate obtained by the user meets its QoS requirements.

[0134] As a sub-link of GBR user allocation, delay compensation is performed. Based on the initial solution obtained in the previous step, S1 to S N are updated; based on practical experience, the number of additional resource blocks for performing delay compensation is determined, and the corresponding number of resource blocks is placed in S0, and the delay compensation algorithm initialization is completed. After the clustering game starts, each resource block individual exchanges among the classes corresponding to each user based on the preference relationship, and during this period, the total system benefit strictly increases. Until all individuals have no willingness to exchange, the system reaches an equilibrium state, and the delay compensation ends. If all users reach 100% delay satisfaction, some resource block individuals in S0 will stay in S0 and not leave, and will be used for Non-GBR users in the next stage.

[0135] Specifically, in this application example, GBR users are scheduled first. The data rate obtained by any user should not be less than its guaranteed bit rate. Under this constraint, this application example proposes to perform end-to-end delay optimization for GBR users. The delay optimization is modeled as a clustering game problem and solved using an exchange-based method.

[0136] First, define the delay satisfaction of GBR users. is the end-to-end delay requirement value for user u, D u is the actual end-to-end delay of the user under the current resource allocation. The end-to-end delay consists of two parts: access network delay and backhaul delay, as defined in the aforementioned formula (1). The end-to-end delay satisfaction is defined as shown in the aforementioned formula (2). The optimization objective of this sub-process can be expressed as the above formula (3), that is, to maximize the delay satisfaction of GBR users.

[0137] To solve the above problem, this application example converts it into a clustering game process. Each user corresponds to a class, and the clustering result is represented as S u ; and each resource block corresponds to an individual. After the clustering starts, the resource block can choose to leave a class and join any other class. Through the game, the clustering finally reaches an equilibrium state, that is, no individual can obtain a higher overall utility by unilaterally changing its strategy.

[0138] This sub-process consists of two links: initial solution generation and delay compensation.

[0139] 2.1 Initial solution generation

[0140] Generate an initial solution that satisfies the user data rate constraint to accelerate the algorithm convergence. The process is as follows: Traverse each GBR user. Allocate an additional resource block k to the current user. If the current user's rate reaches the requested rate, traverse to the next user; otherwise, allocate an additional resource block to this user. To ensure the system spectrum efficiency, the total number of resource blocks obtained by each GBR user does not exceed a certain upper limit, that is, the initial resource block quantity threshold. After the above process ends, update the clustering result S u .

[0141] 2.2 End-to-end delay optimization

[0142] Based on the initial solution that satisfies the data rate constraint, this application example proposes an end-to-end delay optimization link. Specifically, divide an additional number of resource blocks as a resource pool to perform end-to-end delay compensation for GBR users. The number of resource blocks used for delay optimization is determined by engineering experience. The allocation strategy of the additional resource blocks is determined based on the clustering game method, and the implementation method is as follows:

[0143] First, an additional class S0 is defined as the initial resource pool, which is loaded with additional resource blocks for performing latency optimization.

[0144] The association result of any user with a resource block generates corresponding clustering benefits. Based on the rate constraint and latency compensation objective, the first benefit function is defined as shown in the aforementioned formula (4).

[0145] The first benefit function is explained as follows:

[0146] 1) The data rate obtained by any user u should be no less than its guaranteed bit rate Otherwise, the user benefit is -∞.

[0147] 2) S1~S N represents the class corresponding to the user, where N is the total number of GBR users; in particular, S0 is the initial resource pool for loading additional resource blocks for performing latency optimization; when any resource block is in S0, the benefit generated is 0.

[0148] 3) In other cases, the benefit function of this class is equal to the latency satisfaction of this user.

[0149] In a clustering game, individuals exchange based on the preference relationship. For resource block k, the preference relationship > k is defined as shown in formula (5), that is, resource block k is willing to leave S j and join S i , if and only if this exchange strictly increases the sum of the utility functions of S i and S j , where the sum of the two functions being strictly increasing means that after adding the two functions, the resulting new function has the property of a strictly increasing function within its domain.

[0150] See Figure 5 , after clustering starts, all resource blocks are exchanged between classes based on the preference relationship until an equilibrium state is reached.

[0151] 3. After the GBR user allocation is completed, the remaining resource blocks are used for Non-GBR user allocation. Based on a certain optimization method, the optimal user scheduling order is obtained. Based on the optimal scheduling order, the next user to be allocated is determined in sequence, and the allocation is performed based on the number of remaining resource blocks. If there are no remaining resource blocks available, the algorithm ends.

[0152] Specifically, after the GBR user allocation is completed, the resource blocks that have not been allocated form the remaining resource pool, which is allocated to Non-GBR users. Non-GBR users do not enjoy a guaranteed data rate and only provide best-effort services. It is assumed that the number of Non-GBR users is overloaded, that is, the capacity of a single time slot cannot serve all Non-GBR users. Therefore, the resource block-user association problem is transformed into an optimization problem of user scheduling order.

[0153] First, set the user access variable m u , which indicates whether user u gets resource allocation in the current time slot. If it is equal to 1, a certain amount of resources are allocated; if it is equal to 0, no resources are obtained;

[0154] In this application example, refer to Figure 6 , the optimal user scheduling order is first determined, and resources are allocated to each user according to this optimal order to maximize the system utility.

[0155] For any Non-GBR user, the number of resource blocks it obtains should not be greater than a constant. A second benefit function based on user data rate, expected packet loss rate, and UE buffer status is defined as shown in the above formula (7).

[0156] Among them, represents the mathematical expectation of the number of backhaul packet losses of user u under the current allocation result, as shown in the aforementioned formula (6).

[0157] Furthermore, the resource allocation problem for Non-GBR users can be transformed into an optimization problem as shown in formula (8).

[0158] This problem is a classic 0-1 knapsack problem, and the optimal user scheduling order needs to be solved to obtain the optimal allocation scheme.

[0159] Based on this, the improvements provided by the application example of this application at least include:

[0160] 1. This application example proposes a method and process for backhaul-aware access resource allocation in a wireless communication system using satellite backhaul.

[0161] 2. This application example proposes to synchronize the backhaul path status information (backhaul delay, packet loss rate, etc.) of the satellite bearer network to the on-board base station to assist the base station in making decisions on user access resource allocation.

[0162] 3. This application example proposes a strategy for end-to-end delay optimization for GBR users based on bearer network backhaul delay and end-to-end delay constraints in a wireless communication system using satellite backhaul; models the delay optimization as a clustering game problem and uses an exchange-based method to solve it.

[0163] 4. This application example proposes a strategy for resource allocation for Non-GBR users based on the reliability of the bearer network backhaul in a wireless communication system using satellite backhaul. The solution implements temporary service degradation for Non-GBR users with a high backhaul packet loss rate; UE buffer status is introduced to avoid system fairness issues caused by service degradation.

[0164] 5. Based on the above points 3 and 4, this application example proposes a joint resource allocation framework for GBR users and Non-GBR users in a wireless communication system using satellite backhaul.

[0165] 6. This application example proposes a method and form for detecting and storing the backhaul path status.

[0166] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the various exemplary components, systems, and methods described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. Specifically, whether to implement in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. A professional technician can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application. When implemented in hardware, it can be, for example, an electronic circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), appropriate firmware, a plug-in, a functional card, etc. When implemented in software, the elements of this application are programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. The program or code segment can be stored in a machine-readable medium or transmitted through a data signal carried in a carrier wave on a transmission medium or a communication link.

[0167] It should be clear that this application is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and shown in the figures. For the sake of brevity, the detailed description of known methods is omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method process of this application is not limited to the specific steps described and shown. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order between steps after understanding the spirit of this application.

[0168] In this application, the features described and / or illustrated for one embodiment can be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments, and / or combined with the features of other embodiments or replace the features of other embodiments.

[0169] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for allocating satellite network access resources, characterized in that Including: Based on the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, respectively determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users, and perform access resource allocation for each of the GBR users according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users; Based on the bearer network packet loss rates corresponding to each non-GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, respectively determine the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the non-GBR users, and perform access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users based on the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the non-GBR users.

2. The satellite network access resource allocation method according to claim 1, wherein The step of respectively determining the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users based on the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network includes: Based on the access delays currently corresponding to each of the GBR users accessing the satellite network and the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each of the GBR users obtained from the on-board routers of the access satellites in the satellite network, respectively determine the end-to-end delays currently corresponding to each of the GBR users; Based on the preset end-to-end delay requirement values corresponding to each of the GBR users and the end-to-end delays, respectively determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees corresponding to each of the GBR users.

3. The satellite network access resource allocation method according to claim 1, wherein The step of performing access resource allocation for each of the GBR users according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees of each of the GBR users includes: According to the data transmission rate constraints corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, initially allocate resource blocks that meet their respective corresponding data transmission rate constraints to each of the GBR users, where the total number of the resource blocks obtained by each of the GBR users is less than or equal to the initial resource block quantity threshold; Regard each of the GBR users and a preset resource pool as different classes respectively, where there are multiple resource blocks in the resource pool; Perform clustering games on each of the classes, so that each of the resource blocks is exchanged between different classes based on a preset preference relationship, so as to achieve an equilibrium state between each of the classes, and use the resource blocks in the classes corresponding to each of the GBR users as the access resource allocation result data corresponding to each of the GBR users respectively.

4. The satellite network access resource allocation method according to claim 3, wherein The preference relationship includes: regarding any two of the classes as the current original class and target class respectively; if exchanging a resource block in the original class to the target class makes the sum of the first benefit functions corresponding to the original class and the target class increase strictly, then confirm that there is a preference for this resource block to be exchanged from the original class to the target class, so as to exchange this resource block from the original class to the target class; Wherein, the first benefit function is pre-constructed based on the end-to-end delay satisfaction degree and the data transmission rate constraint.

5. The satellite network access resource allocation method according to claim 1, wherein The step of respectively determining the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers of each of the non-GBR users based on the bearer network packet loss rates corresponding to each of the non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network includes: Determine the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers for each of the non-GBR users according to the average packet size and transmission time interval corresponding to each non-GBR user currently accessing the satellite network, and the bearer network backhaul packet loss rate corresponding to each of the non-GBR users obtained from the on-board router of the access satellite in the satellite network.

6. The satellite network access resource allocation method according to claim 3, wherein Performing access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users based on the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers for each of the non-GBR users respectively includes: Obtaining the solutions of the second benefit functions corresponding to each of the non-GBR users respectively according to the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers, data rate prediction values, preset priorities, and buffer lengths corresponding to each of the non-GBR users; Sorting each of the non-GBR users in descending order according to the solutions of the second benefit functions, and the corresponding scheduling order of each of the sorted non-GBR users decreases in turn; Sequentially allocating each of the remaining resource blocks in the class corresponding to the resource pool to each of the sorted non-GBR users.

7. A satellite network access resource allocation device, characterized in that, Including: A backhaul delay awareness allocation module, configured to determine the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees for each of the GBR users respectively based on the bearer network backhaul delays corresponding to each of the GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, and perform access resource allocation for each of the GBR users according to the end-to-end delay satisfaction degrees for each of the GBR users; A backhaul packet loss rate awareness allocation module, configured to determine the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers for each of the non-GBR users respectively according to the bearer network backhaul packet loss rates corresponding to each of the non-GBR users currently accessing the satellite network, and perform access resource allocation for each of the non-GBR users based on the expected values of the backhaul packet loss numbers for each of the non-GBR users respectively.

8. A spaceborne base station is provided in a satellite network. The spaceborne base station includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the satellite network access resource allocation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the satellite network access resource allocation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the satellite network access resource allocation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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