Iridescent solar cell and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and provides an iridescent solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof.The iridescent solar cell comprises a first charge layer, a second charge layer and a perovskite light absorption layer of an inverse opal structure; the first charge layer is a transparent layer and is arranged opposite to the second charge layer, and the perovskite light absorption layer of the inverse opal structure is located between the first charge layer and the second charge layer. According to the iridescent solar cell, the perovskite light absorption layer of the inverse opal structure is adopted, the light absorption layer is of a tightly-arranged hexagonal honeycomb-shaped photonic crystal structure, and the function that the same cell shows different colors at different observation angles is achieved through the reflection spectrum dependent on the angle of the photonic crystal; moreover, the light absorption layer has unique optical performance, can significantly reduce the interface reflection of the cell, and generates a slow photon effect, thereby greatly improving the light absorption and utilization capability of the cell, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly to an iridescent solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The third-generation photovoltaic technology - perovskite solar cells, due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, flexibility, high power-to-weight ratio, adjustable transparency, and colored effects, have given rise to new photovoltaic application concepts in many fields. One of the most promising application methods is to construct colored perovskite solar cells for building integrated photovoltaics scenarios. The concept of building integrated photovoltaics is to apply solar cells to the surfaces of buildings such as building windows, skylights, roofs, or exterior walls, converting the building into a power generation device. The rich colors and wide range of adjustable transparency of colored perovskite solar cells can highly meet the requirements of building integrated photovoltaics applications, satisfying the aesthetic design requirements of buildings while generating electricity.

[0003] Currently, the colors of colored perovskite solar cells can be divided into two types according to the coloring principle: chemical colors and structural colors (or physical colors). However, chemical colors are highly dependent on the semiconductor bandgap of perovskite. Usually, perovskite materials with bright colors have a large bandgap, and an overly large bandgap will seriously reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. At the same time, it is impossible to obtain colors covering the entire visible light region through chemical colors (usually all monochromatic), especially short-wavelength colors such as green, blue, and purple. Structural colors have no direct relationship with the bandgap of perovskite, so a wider color gamut can be obtained, even covering the entire visible light region. Currently, there are many ways to achieve the structure, including photonic crystals, filter films, thin-film optical interference, etc. These implementations can endow the solar cell with rich colors covering the entire visible spectrum and high efficiency, but due to the need for materials such as filter films, it will also lead to low photoelectric conversion efficiency. On the other hand, conventional battery structures are only transmissive on one side, and they can only display colors in a single direction. The colors on the other side are covered by the opaque back electrode, so single-sided colored batteries are difficult to meet the needs of all application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an iridescent solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof to solve the problem of low photoelectric conversion efficiency of colored solar cells in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides an iridescent solar cell, including: a first charge layer, a second charge layer, and a perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure. The first charge layer is a transparent layer and is disposed opposite to the second charge layer, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure is located between the first charge layer and the second charge layer.

[0006] The present invention also provides an iridescent solar cell, wherein the first charge layer comprises: a first electrode layer, and the inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer is located on the surface of the first electrode layer facing the second charge layer; Alternatively, the first charge layer comprises: a first electrode layer and a first charge transport layer, the first charge transport layer is located on the surface of the first electrode layer facing the second charge layer, and the inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer is located on the surface of the first charge transport layer facing the second charge layer.

[0007] The present invention also provides an iridescent solar cell, wherein the second charge layer comprises: a second electrode layer, and the inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer is located on the surface of the second electrode layer facing the first charge layer; Alternatively, the second charge layer comprises: a second electrode layer and a second charge transport layer, the second charge transport layer is located on the surface of the second electrode layer facing the first charge layer, and the inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer is located on the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the first charge layer.

[0008] The present invention also provides an iridescent solar cell, wherein the inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer is made of a material of ABX3, wherein A represents at least one of Cs + , FA + and MA + as cations, B represents at least one of Sn 2+ and Pb 2+ as cations, and X represents at least one of Cl - , Br - and I - as anions.

[0009] The present invention also provides an iridescent solar cell, wherein the diameter of the inverse opal structure is 100 nm to 2000 nm.

[0010] The present invention also provides an iridescent solar cell, wherein the second charge layer is a transparent layer.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing an iridescent solar cell, comprising: forming an inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer on a transparent first charge layer; forming a second charge layer on the inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0012] According to the method for manufacturing an iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention, forming an inverse opal-structured perovskite light-absorbing layer on the first charge layer comprises: A microglobular opal template is formed on the first charge layer, and the microglobular opal template is an array formed by multiple microglobular opals on the first charge layer; A perovskite precursor is formed on the first charge layer to fill the gaps between the microglobular opals on the microglobular opal template, and the height of the formed perovskite precursor is less than the height of the microglobular opals; The perovskite precursor is annealed and crystallized; The microglobular opal template is removed to form the perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure.

[0013] According to a method for manufacturing an iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention, forming a microglobular opal template on the first charge layer includes: The microglobular opal solution is dropped into deionized water, so that the microglobular opals self-assemble and arrange into a microglobular opal array on the surface of the deionized water; The first charge layer is moved upward from below the microglobular opal array and removed from the surface of the deionized water, so as to transfer the microglobular opal array onto the first charge layer to form the microglobular opal template.

[0014] According to a method for manufacturing an iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention, the material of the microglobular opal template includes at least one of polystyrene, polyethylene, silicon dioxide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0015] For the iridescent solar cell and its manufacturing method provided by the present invention, the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure. This light-absorbing layer has a closely arranged hexagonal honeycomb-like photonic crystal structure. Utilizing the angle-dependent reflection spectrum of the photonic crystal, the function of presenting different colors at different viewing angles for the same cell is realized. This iridescent solar cell can present iridescent effects within a wide color range such as yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, etc. Moreover, this light-absorbing layer has unique optical properties, can significantly reduce the interface reflection of the cell, and generate a slow photon effect, thereby greatly increasing the light absorption and utilization ability of the cell, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Description of the Drawings

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of the manufacturing method of the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer in the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 Among them, (a), (c) and (e) are the scanning electron microscope images of the polystyrene opal template, the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer and the conventional flat perovskite light-absorbing layer respectively; (b), (d) and (f) are the enlarged views of (a), (c) and (e) respectively; (g)-(m) are the schematic diagrams of the element distribution of the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the variable-angle photo shooting of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention, and the color photos of the front side and the rear side of the polystyrene micro-opal template (PM-MSs), the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer (IO), and the conventional flat perovskite light-absorbing layer (Planar) at different observation angles.

[0021] Figure 5 They are the iridescent effect photos of the large-size polystyrene micro-opal template (PM-MSs film) and the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer (IO-perovskite film).

[0022] Figure 6 They are the color effects of the front side and the rear side of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention at different observation angles.

[0023] Figure 7 They are the color effects of the front and back sides of the battery module (an array composed of multiple solar cells connected in series) formed by the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 They are the angular-resolved reflection spectra (incident angles 10-60°) of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the anti-reflection principle of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 They are the reflection spectral curves of the iridescent perovskite thin film (IO) and the conventional flat perovskite thin film (Planar) in the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11The forward and reverse photovoltaic I-V curves and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention, as well as the statistical distribution of the forward and reverse light illumination efficiencies of multiple iridescent solar cells provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 It is a comparison chart of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the existing monochromatic cell and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 The forward and reverse photovoltaic I-V curves and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell module formed by the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 It is the efficiency of the iridescent solar cell provided by the present invention under the condition of simultaneous two-sided light illumination. Among them, Figure (a) is a schematic diagram of the test device, and Figure (b) is the J-V curve of the iridescent solar cell under different albedo conditions. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] The iridescent solar cell of the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, includes: a first charge layer 10, a second charge layer 20, and an inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer 3. The first charge layer 10 is a transparent layer and is disposed opposite to the second charge layer 20, and the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 is located between the first charge layer 10 and the second charge layer 20.

[0033] For the iridescent solar cell of this embodiment, its light-absorbing layer is the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, which has a closely arranged hexagonal honeycomb-like photonic crystal structure. By utilizing the angle-dependent reflection spectrum of the photonic crystal, the function of showing different colors at different viewing angles by the same cell is realized. This cell can show iridescent effects in a wide color range such as yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, etc. Moreover, this light-absorbing layer has unique optical properties, can significantly reduce the interface reflection of the cell, and generate a slow photon effect, thereby greatly increasing the light absorption and utilization ability of the cell, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Moreover, the iridescent presentation mechanism of the iridescent solar cell of this embodiment belongs to the principle of structural color, and a perovskite material with a narrow bandgap (bandgap less than 1.7 eV) can be used to ensure a high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first charge layer 10 includes: a first electrode layer 11, and the inverse opal structured perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 is located on the surface of the first electrode layer 11 facing the second charge layer 20. Specifically, the first electrode layer 11 can be a transparent electrode of at least one of FTO, ITO, AZO, a conductive polymer, and an ultrathin metal (e.g., Au). For example, when the first electrode layer 11 is ITO, its thickness can be 100 - 200 nm.

[0035] Alternatively, the first charge layer 10 includes: a first electrode layer 11 and a first charge transport layer 12. The first charge transport layer 12 is located on the surface of the first electrode layer 11 facing the second charge layer 20, and the inverse opal structured perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 is located on the surface of the first charge transport layer 12 facing the second charge layer 20.

[0036] In this embodiment, by adding the first charge transport layer 12 between the first electrode layer 11 and the inverse opal structured perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, the first charge transport layer 12 is beneficial to charge transport, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the iridescent solar cell.

[0037] In some embodiments, the second charge layer 20 includes: a second electrode layer 21, and the inverse opal structured perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 21 facing the first charge layer 10.

[0038] Alternatively, the second charge layer 20 includes: a second electrode layer 21 and a second charge transport layer 22. The second charge transport layer 22 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 21 facing the first charge layer 10, and the inverse opal structured perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 is located on the surface of the second charge transport layer 22 facing the first charge layer 10.

[0039] In this embodiment, by adding the second charge transport layer 22 between the second electrode layer 21 and the inverse opal structured perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, the second charge transport layer 22 is beneficial to charge transport, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the iridescent solar cell.

[0040] It should be noted that: when the first charge transport layer 12 is an electron transport layer (made of SnO2, C60, or PCBM material) and the second charge transport layer 22 is a hole transport layer (made of spiro-OMeTAD, NiO2, PTAA, or SAM material), an n-i-p structured iridescent solar cell is formed; when the first charge transport layer 12 is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer 22 is an electron transport layer, a p-i-n structured iridescent solar cell is formed.

[0041] In some embodiments, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure is made of a material of ABX3, where A represents Cs + , FA + , and MA + , at least one of the cations; B represents Sn 2+ and Pb 2+ , at least one of the cations; X represents Cl - , Br - , and I - , at least one of the anions. In this embodiment, a perovskite material with a narrow bandgap (bandgap of 1.54 eV) and a composition of FA 0.9 Cs 0.1 PbI3 can be used. The perovskite material with a narrow bandgap ensures that the iridescent solar cell in this embodiment has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0042] Since an iridescent effect needs to be presented, the diameter of the inverse opal structure needs to be related to the wavelength of visible light. Experiments have shown that when the diameter of the inverse opal structure is much larger than the wavelength of visible light, the iridescent effect cannot be presented. Therefore, in some embodiments, the diameter of the inverse opal structure is 100 nm to 2000 nm. For example, the diameter of the inverse opal structure is 1000 nm, so that it includes the wavelength range of visible light and does not far exceed the wavelength of visible light.

[0043] The second charge layer 20 can be an opaque layer, so that the color can be presented only on one side. In order to present the color on both sides, in some embodiments, the second charge layer 20 is also a transparent layer. Specifically, the second electrode layer 21 of the second charge layer 20 can be a transparent electrode of at least one of FTO, ITO, AZO, a conductive polymer, and an ultrathin metal (such as Au). For example, the second electrode layer 21 is an ultrathin Au with a thickness of 5 - 15 nm. In this embodiment, the second electrode layer 21 can be made of 10 nm Au.

[0044] In this embodiment, the second charge layer 20 of the iridescent solar cell can also let light in. Compared with the traditional single-sided color solar cell, the iridescent solar cell in this embodiment can show colors from both the front and the back directions, and the colors on the front and the back are highly consistent, thus expanding the application range of the color solar cell. Moreover, since the second charge layer 20 is also transparent, the iridescent solar cell absorbs light on both sides, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0045] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a manufacturing method for an iridescent solar cell. This manufacturing method is used to manufacture the iridescent solar cell in the above embodiment. Refer to Figure 1 , and this manufacturing method specifically includes the following steps S100 to step S200.

[0046] Step S100: Form a perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure on the transparent first charge layer 10. Specifically, the first charge layer 10 can form a structure of a first electrode layer 11 on a glass substrate. In this step, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure is formed on the first electrode layer 11. The first charge layer 10 can also form a structure of a first electrode layer 11 and a first charge transport layer 12 in sequence on a glass substrate. In this step, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure is formed on the first charge transport layer 12.

[0047] Of course, the first charge layer 10 needs to be fabricated before step S100. For example: for Figure 1 the structure, a transparent first electrode layer 11 (such as ITO) is formed on a transparent substrate (such as a glass substrate), and then the material of the first charge transport layer 12 is deposited on the ITO transparent electrode by spin coating. For example: for an n-i-p structure battery, the electron transport layer is deposited on the ITO transparent electrode by spin coating.

[0048] Step S200: Form a second charge layer 20 on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure. Specifically, the second charge layer 20 can form a structure of a second electrode layer 21 on a substrate. In this step, the second electrode layer 21 is formed on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure. The second charge layer 20 can also form a structure of a second electrode layer 21 and a second charge transport layer 22 in sequence on a substrate. In this step, the second electrode layer 21 and the second charge transport layer 22 are formed in sequence on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure.

[0049] For Figure 1 the structure, the material of the second charge transport layer 22 is deposited on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure to form the second charge transport layer 22, and then the second electrode layer 21 is formed on the second charge transport layer 22. For example: the second charge transport layer 22 is a hole transport layer, and the second electrode layer 21 is an ultra-thin metal material. The hole transport layer is deposited on the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure, and then an ultra-thin metal is deposited by high-vacuum thermal evaporation as the second electrode layer 21.

[0050] In the manufacturing method of the iridescent solar cell of this embodiment, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure is formed between the first charge layer 10 and the second charge layer 20. This light-absorbing layer has a closely arranged hexagonal honeycomb-like photonic crystal structure. By utilizing the angle-dependent reflection spectrum of the photonic crystal, the function of making the same battery exhibit different colors at different viewing angles is realized. This iridescent solar cell can exhibit iridescent effects within a wide color range such as yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple. Moreover, this light-absorbing layer has unique optical properties, which can significantly reduce the interface reflection of the battery and generate a slow photon effect, thereby greatly increasing the light absorption and utilization ability of the battery, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0051] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, step S100 specifically includes steps S110 to S140.

[0052] Step S110: Form a micro-opal template on the first charge layer 10. The micro-opal template is an array formed by multiple micro-opals 4 on the first charge transport layer. Using micro-opals 4 of different sizes can prepare inverse opal photonic crystals with different photonic bandgaps, thereby obtaining different colors. And for micro-opals 4 of the same size, the final solar cell will present different colors at different viewing angles. In this embodiment, considering the wavelength range of visible light, the diameter of the micro-opal 4 is 100 - 2000 nm. For example, micro-opals 4 with a diameter of 1000 nm are used.

[0053] Among them, the materials of the micro-opal template include at least one of polystyrene, polyethylene, silicon dioxide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

[0054] Step S120: Form a perovskite precursor 31 (perovskite solution) on the first charge layer 10 to fill the gaps between the micro-opals 4 on the micro-opal template, and the height of the formed perovskite precursor 31 is less than the height of the micro-opal 4, that is, the perovskite precursor 31 cannot completely cover the micro-opal template, otherwise an inverse opal structure cannot be formed. Specifically, the perovskite precursor 31 can be spin-coated on the first charge layer 10 by spin coating to fill the gaps between the micro-opals 4 on the micro-opal template.

[0055] Step S130: Anneal and crystallize the perovskite precursor 31. The temperature and time of annealing and crystallization vary according to different perovskite materials. For example, the annealing and crystallization temperature is 100 - 135 °C, and the annealing time is 1 - 20 minutes.

[0056] Step S140: removing the microsphere opal template, i.e. removing a number of microsphere opals 4, to form the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 of the inverse opal structure. It should be noted that the microsphere opal template should not cause damage to the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 of the inverse opal structure when it is removed. For example, if the microsphere opal 4 is a polystyrene microsphere, it can be removed by soaking it in toluene for several minutes, and toluene has almost no effect on the perovskite material.

[0057] In some embodiments, in step S110, a microspherical opal template can be obtained by a microspherical opal gas-liquid-solid interface self-assembly method, which specifically includes the following steps 1 and 2.

[0058] Step 1: Add the microsphere opal solution dropwise into deionized water, so that the microsphere opal self-assembles on the surface of the deionized water to form a microsphere opal array. Specifically, a microsphere opal with a density not exceeding 105% of the density of deionized water can be selected. Since water has surface tension, the density of the microsphere opal is slightly greater than that of deionized water and will not sink. For example: Add the polystyrene microsphere solution dropwise into deionized water, and the polystyrene microspheres will self-assemble on the surface of the deionized water to form a polystyrene microsphere array.

[0059] Step 2: Move the first charge layer 10 upward from the bottom of the microsphere opal array and remove the deionized water surface to transfer the microsphere opal array to the first charge layer to form the microsphere opal template. In this step, the area of the microsphere opal array on the surface of the deionized water is larger than the area of the first charge layer 10, so as to ensure that the microsphere opal array completely covers the surface of the first charge layer 10.

[0060] In this embodiment, a microspherical opal gas-liquid-solid interface self-assembly method is adopted to quickly and accurately form a microspherical opal template on the first charge layer 10 .

[0061] Of course, in the above step S110, the microsphere opal template formed on the first charge layer 10 can also be prepared on the first charge layer 10 by photolithography, evaporation self-assembly, spin coating, vertical self-assembly or pulling method to prepare a microsphere opal template of at least one of the above-mentioned polystyrene, polyethylene, silica, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on the first charge layer 10.

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 1 In the process of making the iridescent solar cell with structure, the photos of the polystyrene microsphere opal template, the perovskite light absorbing layer 3 with inverse opal structure and the conventional flat perovskite light absorbing layer under scanning electron microscope (SEM) are shown in Figure 4. 0.9 Cs 0.1 For example, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 of the inverse opal structure of PbI3 material, especiallyFigure 3 In (g) to (m), (h), (i), (j) and (k) show the elements C, I, Cs and Pb distributed on the perovskite light absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure, and (l) and (m) show In distributed on the first electrode layer 11 and Sn on the first charge transport layer 12 below the perovskite light absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure, indicating that the perovskite light absorbing layer of the iridescent solar cell manufactured according to this embodiment has a better inverse opal structure.

[0063] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure manufactured according to this embodiment, whether observed from the front side or the rear side of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure, presents a variety of colors such as reddish brown, yellow, green, purple, dark purple, etc. within the observation angle range of an inclination angle θ of 15° to 45°, covering a wide color gamut.

[0064] Figure 6 The color effects of the front side and rear side of the iridescent solar cell of this embodiment at different viewing angles are shown. Figure 7 The color effect of the battery assembly (an array consisting of multiple solar cells connected in series) prepared in this embodiment is demonstrated. Figure 8 The angularly resolved reflection spectrum (incident angle 10-60°) of the iridescent solar cell of this embodiment is shown, and a significant slow photon effect is produced in the 600-800nm spectral wavelength range, and the reflectivity in this range is significantly reduced, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of light by the cell. Figure 9 It can be seen that, unlike the cells with ordinary planar perovskite light-absorbing layer structures, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with inverse opal structure has a unique nanostructure, which makes the refractive index of the interface with the hole transport layer (spiro-OMeTAD) change slowly, such as Figure 9 As shown in the middle left figure, the Fresnel reflection of the interface is effectively reduced, further improving the utilization of light and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the battery. Figure 9 As shown in the middle right figure, the sudden change in refractive index at the interface between the flat perovskite light-absorbing layer and the hole transport layer will result in a relatively high reflectivity, affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Figure 10 The reflectance spectrum of the inverse opal structure perovskite light-absorbing layer is demonstrated, and the results show that the structure has a significant anti-reflection effect in the range of 520-800nm.

[0065] Thanks to the excellent optical properties and double-sided light absorption characteristics of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 with an inverse opal structure, Figure 11As shown, when the front side of the battery prepared in this embodiment is illuminated, a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 11.3% is obtained, and when the back side is illuminated, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 6.7%. Furthermore, a bifacial equivalent photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18% is obtained. As Figure 12 shown, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the iridescent solar cell prepared in this embodiment is close to the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of a monochromatic solar cell and belongs to the highest level of iridescent (or multi-color) solar cells. Figure 12 The last column in Figure 13 shows the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the iridescent solar cell of this embodiment. At the same time, as

[0066] Figure 14 shown, the bifacial equivalent photoelectric conversion efficiency of 12.77% is also achieved for the larger area battery module prepared in this embodiment. 2 is the efficiency of the bifacial iridescent solar cell under the condition of simultaneous two-sided illumination. Among them, (a) is a schematic diagram of the test device, and (b) is the J-V curve of the battery under different albedo conditions. The albedo is the ratio of the backside illumination intensity to the frontside illumination intensity (the frontside illumination intensity is a standard illumination intensity, 100 mW / cm 2 , and during the two-sided illumination test, the frontside illumination intensity remains unchanged, and only the backside illumination intensity is changed). The results show that when the albedo is 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1, the efficiencies of the battery are 11.83%, 13.25%, 1.56%, and 16.85% respectively. Compared with the single-sided illumination (i.e., albedo is 0) condition, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly improved under two-sided illumination, demonstrating the efficiency improvement effect of the bifacial solar cell.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rainbow solar cell, characterized in that, Comprising: A first charge layer, a second charge layer, and a perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure. The first charge layer is a transparent layer and is disposed opposite to the second charge layer. The perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure is located between the first charge layer and the second charge layer.

2. The iridescent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The first charge layer includes: a first electrode layer. The perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure is located on the surface of the first electrode layer facing the second charge layer. Alternatively, the first charge layer includes: a first electrode layer and a first charge transport layer. The first charge transport layer is located on the surface of the first electrode layer facing the second charge layer, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure is located on the surface of the first charge transport layer facing the second charge layer.

3. The iridescent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The second charge layer includes: a second electrode layer. The perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure is located on the surface of the second electrode layer facing the first charge layer. Alternatively, the second charge layer includes: a second electrode layer and a second charge transport layer. The second charge transport layer is located on the surface of the second electrode layer facing the first charge layer, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure is located on the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the first charge layer.

4. The iridescent solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure is made of a material of ABX3, where A represents Cs + , FA + and MA + at least one of the cations, B represents Sn 2+ and Pb 2+ at least one of the cations, and X represents Cl - , Br - and I - at least one of the anions.

5. The iridescent solar cell according to claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the inverse opal structure is 100 nm to 2000 nm.

6. The iridescent solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The second charge layer is a transparent layer.

7. A manufacturing method of an iridescent solar cell, characterized in that, Comprising: Forming a perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure on a transparent first charge layer; Forming a second charge layer on the perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure.

8. The manufacturing method of the iridescent solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, Forming a perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure on the first charge layer includes: Forming a micro-opal template on the first charge layer. The micro-opal template is an array formed by multiple micro-opals on the first charge layer; Forming a perovskite precursor on the first charge layer to fill the gaps between the micro-opals on the micro-opal template, and the height of the formed perovskite precursor is less than the height of the micro-opals; Annealing and crystallizing the perovskite precursor; Removing the micro-opal template to form the perovskite light-absorbing layer with an inverse opal structure.

9. The manufacturing method of the iridescent solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, Forming a micro-opal template on the first charge layer includes: Dropping a micro-opal solution into deionized water to enable the micro-opals to self-assemble and arrange into a micro-opal array on the surface of the deionized water; Moving the first charge layer upward from below the micro-opal array and removing it from the deionized water surface to transfer the micro-opal array onto the first charge layer to form the micro-opal template.

10. The manufacturing method of the iridescent solar cell according to claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, The material of the micro-opal template includes at least one of polystyrene, polyethylene, silicon dioxide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride.

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