Selenium-rich circulating breeding system

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium-enriched circulating breeding system which is characterized in that selenium-enriched yeast is added into tenebrio molitor feed, and selenium-enriched tenebrio molitor is obtained after feeding; selenium-enriched tenebrio molitor is used for preparing chicken feed, and selenium-enriched eggs / chicken meat are produced; selenium-rich tenebrio molitor fecula / selenium-rich chicken manure is fermented to serve as hermetia illucens breeding feed, the tenebrio molitor fecula / chicken manure is degraded by hermetia illucens, tenebrio molitor bodies are reused in feed, and the tenebrio molitor fecula is prepared into selenium-rich organic fertilizer. According to the method, the bioavailability of selenium is improved through multi-stage biotransformation, closed-loop treatment of chicken manure / tenebrio molitor manure is achieved through hermetia illucens, a zero-emission circulation system is formed, a complete agricultural resource utilization chain is constructed, waste of selenium resources is reduced, and stepped enrichment and value-added utilization of selenium elements are achieved through multi-stage biotransformation. The system realizes efficient cyclic utilization of resources, and has remarkable economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural circular production, and more particularly to a selenium-rich circular aquaculture system. Background Art

[0002] Selenium, as an essential trace element for the human body, plays a crucial role in maintaining health. It can significantly enhance the human body's immunity, help resist the invasion of harmful heavy metals, regulate the protein synthesis process, play an antioxidant role, and also show certain potential in preventing and combating cancer. Given that up to 72% of the soil in China has insufficient selenium content, which leads to generally low selenium content in natural food crops, it is particularly important to promote and popularize selenium-rich foods to improve the selenium intake of the people.

[0003] In traditional selenium-rich aquaculture methods, inorganic selenium, such as sodium selenite, is usually directly added to increase the selenium content in food. However, this method has a significant problem, that is, the selenium absorption rate is relatively low, usually less than 30%, and there is also a certain toxicity risk. In addition, using selenium-rich technology only in a single link during aquaculture, such as only using selenium-rich feed, it is difficult to achieve efficient conversion of selenium in the whole chain. This not only affects the utilization efficiency of selenium but also may bring additional environmental problems, such as the relatively high treatment cost of aquaculture waste such as chicken manure, causing a burden on the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a selenium-rich circular aquaculture system, which uses the selenium-rich yellow mealworm feces and selenium-rich chicken manure produced by the company to breed selenium-rich black soldier flies, and then uses the black soldier fly adults as selenium-rich high-protein feed. It is a circular aquaculture system that realizes efficient selenium enrichment and resource utilization of waste through multi-level biological conversion of selenium-rich yeast - yellow mealworms - chickens - black soldier flies.

[0005] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A selenium-rich circular aquaculture system, characterized in that: selenium-rich yeast is added to the yellow mealworm feed, and selenium-rich yellow mealworms are obtained after feeding; chicken feed is prepared with selenium-rich yellow mealworms to produce selenium-rich eggs / chicken; the selenium-rich yellow mealworm feces / selenium-rich chicken manure are fermented as black soldier fly aquaculture feed, the yellow mealworm feces / chicken manure are degraded by black soldier flies, the worm bodies are reused for feed, and the worm feces are made into selenium-rich organic fertilizer.

[0006] Further, the selenium addition amount in the yellow mealworm feed is 3 - 10 mg / kg, and the proportion of selenium-rich yellow mealworms in the chicken feed is 5 - 10%.

[0007] Further, when breeding black soldier flies, fermented yellow mealworm feces / chicken manure are used as feed, the breeding temperature is 26 - 30 °C, the humidity is 65% - 75%, and the breeding cycle is 10 ± 1 days.

[0008] Furthermore, avoid strong light during the rearing process. After the fifth day of rearing, apply ultraviolet light for 20-25 minutes daily. Ultraviolet light (UV-B, 280-315nm) activates the black soldier flies' bodies, promoting selenocysteine synthesis by glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and enhancing selenium binding by metallothionein (MT). UV-B also converts sodium selenite in the feed into more easily absorbed selenium nanoparticles, thereby increasing selenium content. Exposure should be two hours after feeding, coinciding with peak digestion and absorption.

[0009] Furthermore, selenium-rich mealworm feces / chicken manure are pretreated and then transformed and degraded by black soldier flies. The pretreatment process involves composting the mealworm feces / chicken manure with selenium-rich straw in a 1:1 ratio for seven days to reduce ammonia nitrogen to less than 0.3%. Bentonite is then added to absorb heavy metals. The treated mealworm feces / chicken manure is then used as feed for black soldier flies, which then produce the insects and feces after breeding. Due to the heavy metal, antibiotic residue, and ammonia nitrogen content in the feces / chicken manure, it cannot be used directly. Instead, it requires composting to kill pathogens, reduce the content of heavy metals such as Cd and As, and reduce ammonia nitrogen concentration to 0.3%. This increases the survival rate of mealworm larvae to 95%.

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of bentonite added should be 2%-3% of the weight of the insect / chicken manure. The bentonite should be evenly mixed with the raw materials and allowed to stand for 2 hours before fermentation to ensure full contact between the bentonite and heavy metals, achieving an adsorption rate of 60-80% for Cd and As. Use calcium- or sodium-based bentonite, and adjust the feed pH to 6.0-7.0 to achieve the optimal adsorption range.

[0011] Furthermore, the black soldier fly feed contains 60% to 75% fermented insect feces and 25% to 40% supplementary materials. The supplementary materials can be selected from one or more of tofu dregs, soybean meal, cornmeal, wheat bran, pomace, and brewer's grains, with the protein content controlled above 40%. The addition of high-quality supplementary materials optimizes feed ratios, increases nutritional value, and reduces costs.

[0012] Furthermore, the selenium-enriched yeast is directly added to chicken feed or black soldier fly feed for feeding.

[0013] Furthermore, selenium-rich black soldier fly larvae are used as high-end protein feed for chickens, ducks, and fish, and their excrement is used as selenium-rich organic fertilizer for crop cultivation, producing selenium-rich eggs, poultry, fish, and meat. Black soldier fly excrement is used as selenium-rich organic fertilizer for crop cultivation, producing selenium-rich fruits, vegetables, and grains.

[0014] In summary, the present invention improves the biological utilization rate of selenium through multi-stage biological transformation (yeast → yellow mealworm → chicken), uses black soldier fly to achieve the closed-loop treatment of chicken manure / yellow mealworm manure, and forms a zero-emission circular system. Feeding selenium-rich chicken / yellow mealworm manure and other raw materials to black soldier fly can obtain selenium-rich black soldier fly, realizing short-cycle and rapid breeding. The obtained adult black soldier fly has a high selenium content and can be used as high-quality livestock and poultry feed. The selenium-rich black soldier fly after breeding the adults is used as feed for selenium-rich chickens, which can increase the ecological cycle of organic selenium, construct a complete agricultural resource utilization chain, reduce the waste of selenium resources, and achieve the cascade enrichment and value-added utilization of selenium elements through multi-stage biological transformation. This system realizes the efficient recycling of resources and has significant economic and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the breeding chain in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0016] The following further elaborates in detail the specific embodiments of a selenium-rich circular breeding system of the present invention in conjunction with the appended Figure 1 drawings.

[0017] A selenium-rich circular breeding system is characterized in that selenium-rich yeast is added to the yellow mealworm feed, and selenium-rich yellow mealworms are obtained after feeding; chicken feed is prepared with selenium-rich yellow mealworms to produce selenium-rich eggs / chicken; the selenium-rich yellow mealworm manure / selenium-rich chicken manure is fermented as the black soldier fly breeding feed, and the yellow mealworm manure / chicken manure is degraded by black soldier fly, the worm bodies are recycled for feed, and the worm manure is made into selenium-rich organic fertilizer.

[0018] Preferably in this embodiment, the selenium addition amount in the yellow mealworm feed is 3 - 10 mg / kg, and the proportion of selenium-rich yellow mealworms in the chicken feed is 5 - 10%.

[0019] Preferably in this embodiment, fermented yellow mealworm manure / chicken manure is used as feed during the black soldier fly breeding, the breeding temperature is 26 - 30 °C, the humidity is 65% - 75%, and the breeding cycle is 10 ± 1 days.

[0020] Preferably in this embodiment, strong light is avoided during the breeding process, and ultraviolet irradiation is performed for 20 - 25 minutes every day after the fifth day of breeding. Ultraviolet (UV-B, 280 - 315 nm) irradiation can activate glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the black soldier fly body to promote the synthesis of selenocysteine, and metallothionein (MT) enhances the selenium element binding ability. Moreover, ultraviolet UV-B converts sodium selenite in the feed into more easily absorbed selenium nanoparticles, thereby increasing the selenium content. The irradiation time is selected 2 hours after feeding, in coordination with the peak period of digestion and absorption.

[0021] In this embodiment, selenium-rich mealworm feces / chicken manure are preferably pretreated and then transformed and degraded by black soldier flies. The pretreatment process involves composting the mealworm feces / chicken manure with selenium-rich straw in a 1:1 ratio for 7 days to reduce ammonia nitrogen to <0.3%. Bentonite is then added to absorb heavy metals. The treated mealworm feces / chicken manure is then used as feed for black soldier flies, and the insect bodies and feces are produced after breeding. Due to the heavy metal, antibiotic residue, and ammonia nitrogen content in the feces / chicken manure, it cannot be used directly and requires composting to kill pathogenic microorganisms, reduce the content of heavy metals such as Cd and As, reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration to 0.3%, and increase the survival rate of the yellow mealworm larvae to 95%.

[0022] In this embodiment, the bentonite addition is preferably 2%-3% of the weight of the insect / chicken manure. The bentonite and raw materials are evenly mixed and allowed to stand for 2 hours before fermentation to ensure full contact between the bentonite and the heavy metals, achieving an adsorption rate of 60-80% for Cd and As. Calcium- or sodium-based bentonite is used, and the feed pH is adjusted to 6.0-7.0 to achieve the optimal adsorption range.

[0023] In this embodiment, the black soldier fly feed preferably contains 60% to 75% fermented insect feces and 25% to 40% supplementary materials, with the supplementary materials being selected from one or more of tofu dregs, soybean meal, corn flour, wheat bran, pomace, and brewer's grains, with the protein content controlled to be above 40%. The addition of high-quality supplementary materials optimizes feed composition, increases nutritional value, and reduces costs.

[0024] In this embodiment, preferably, the selenium-enriched yeast is directly added to chicken feed or black soldier fly feed for feeding.

[0025] In this embodiment, selenium-rich black soldier fly larvae are preferably used as high-quality protein feed for chickens, ducks, and fish, and black soldier fly feces are used as selenium-rich organic fertilizer for crop cultivation, producing selenium-rich eggs, poultry, fish, and meat. Black soldier fly feces are also used as selenium-rich organic fertilizer for crop cultivation, producing selenium-rich fruits, vegetables, and grains.

[0026] Specific implementation process: Selenium-enriched yeast input: Yeast strains (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae SY2) are used to ferment and produce high-selenium yeast (≥2000 μg / g).

[0027] Selenium enrichment of mealworms: 3-10 mg / kg of selenium is added to mealworm feed, and the selenium in the worm body reaches 5-15 mg / kg.

[0028] Chicken farming and product output: Selenium-rich mealworms replace 5-10% of chicken feed, and the selenium content of eggs / chicken is ≥0.15 mg / kg.

[0029] Manure pretreatment: Mix insect manure / chicken manure with selenium-rich straw in a 1:1 ratio and compost for 7 days, then add 2-3% bentonite to absorb heavy metals.

[0030] Black soldier fly conversion: Fermented insect feces account for 60-75%, auxiliary materials include bean dregs / wheat bran, etc. (protein ≥ 40%), temperature is controlled at 26-30℃, and UV irradiation is applied for 20-25 minutes every day starting from the fifth day.

[0031] Recycling: Black soldier fly bodies → high-end feed; insect feces → selenium-rich organic fertilizer.

[0032] The specific transformation experimental data of black soldier flies are as follows: Example

[0033] Main ingredients: 6kg of yellow mealworm feces, Auxiliary materials: 4kg tofu dregs, The black soldier fly larvae were fed and 5.2 kg of adult flies were harvested after 10 days.

[0034] The test showed: protein content 48.3%, selenium content 0.38 mg / kg. Example

[0035] Main ingredients: 3kg of yellow mealworm feces + 4kg of chicken manure, Auxiliary materials: corn flour 1.5kg + wheat bran 1.5kg; The black soldier fly larvae were fed and 6 kg of adults were harvested after 10 days.

[0036] Test results: The selenium content of adult black soldier flies reached 0.5mg / kg Example

[0037] Main ingredients: 4.5kg of yellow mealworm feces + 2kg of chicken manure, Auxiliary materials: 3.5kg of pomace; The black soldier fly larvae were fed and 6.8 kg of adults were harvested after 10 days.

[0038] Test results: The selenium content of adult black soldier flies reached 0.42 mg / kg.

[0039] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A selenium-rich circulating aquaculture system, characterized in that: Add selenium-enriched yeast to the feed of Tenebrio molitor, and obtain selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor after feeding; formulate chicken feed with selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor to produce selenium-enriched eggs / chicken; use the feces of selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor / selenium-enriched chicken manure as the feed for black soldier fly breeding after fermentation. The feces of Tenebrio molitor / chicken manure are degraded by black soldier fly, the insect bodies are reused for feed, and the feces are made into selenium-enriched organic fertilizer.

2. The selenium-rich cyclic aquaculture system according to claim 1, wherein: The selenium addition amount in the feed of Tenebrio molitor is 3-10 mg / kg, and the proportion of selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor in the chicken feed is 5-10%.

3. The selenium-rich cyclic aquaculture system according to claim 1, wherein: Use the fermented feces of Tenebrio molitor / chicken manure as the feed during the breeding of black soldier fly. The breeding temperature is 26-30 °C, the humidity is 65%-75%, and the breeding cycle is 10±1 days.

4. The selenium-rich circulating aquaculture system according to claim 3, wherein: Avoid strong light during the breeding process, and irradiate with ultraviolet rays for 20-25 minutes every day after the fifth day of breeding.

5. The selenium-rich circulating aquaculture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feces of selenium-enriched Tenebrio molitor / chicken manure are pretreated and then transformed and degraded by black soldier fly. The pretreatment process is to mix the feces of Tenebrio molitor / chicken manure and selenium-enriched straw in a ratio of 1:1 for composting for 7 days, reduce the ammonia nitrogen to <0.3%, add bentonite to adsorb heavy metals. The treated feces of Tenebrio molitor / chicken manure are used as the feed for black soldier fly, and insect bodies and feces are produced after breeding.

6. The selenium-rich circulating aquaculture system according to claim 6, wherein: The addition amount of bentonite is 2%-3% of the weight of the feces / chicken manure.

7. The selenium-rich cyclic aquaculture system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The content of fermented feces in the feed of black soldier fly is 60%~75%, and the auxiliary materials are 25%~40%. The auxiliary materials are selected from one or several of tofu dregs, soybean meal, corn flour, wheat bran, fruit residue, and brewery grains, and the protein content is controlled to be higher than 40%.

8. The selenium-rich circulating aquaculture system according to claim 1, wherein: Add selenium-enriched yeast directly to the chicken feed or the feed of black soldier fly for feeding.

9. The selenium-rich cyclic aquaculture system according to claim 1, wherein: Selenium-enriched black soldier fly larvae are used as high-end protein feed for chickens, ducks, and fish, and the feces of black soldier fly are used as selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for crop planting.

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