Surface quality optimization auxiliary method for oxide ceramic selective laser melting additive, prepared oxide ceramic and application of oxide ceramic

Abstract

The invention discloses an oxide ceramic selective laser melting additive surface quality optimization auxiliary method, prepared oxide ceramic and application of the oxide ceramic selective laser melting additive, and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. The method comprises the steps that after a powder bed is laid on a substrate, the powder bed is heated, benzyl alcohol is sprayed to the powder bed through a piezoelectric sprayer, and a wet powder layer is formed; then scanning the edge of the powder bed once by using laser, igniting benzyl alcohol, completing presintering of the powder bed, then carrying out selective laser melting and material adding, melting the powder to form ceramic, finally spraying a benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramic by using a piezoelectric spray head, and scanning by using laser to complete remelting of the ceramic; the invention also discloses the oxide ceramic prepared by the method. The oxide ceramic is used for aerospace ceramic parts, electronic components and / or antennas. The method has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple process and high manufacturing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an auxiliary method for optimizing the surface quality of oxide ceramics by selective laser melting, the prepared oxide ceramics and their applications. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the main types of oxide ceramics are as follows: silicon oxide ceramics, alumina ceramics, zirconia ceramics, and titanium oxide ceramics. Currently, the conventional selective laser melting additive method for oxide ceramics (hereinafter uniformly referred to as oxide ceramic SLM) simply forms a powder bed after powder spreading, then designs a laser scanning path according to the required pattern, and then performs three-dimensional forming of the laser-melted powder. However, due to the limitations of the SLM process itself, the surface quality of the ceramics manufactured by this method all has problems such as high surface roughness, many pores and cracks.

[0003] The conventional method for improving the surface quality of oxide ceramic SLM is to debug the three forming process parameters of laser power, laser scanning speed, and scanning path, and increase the powder bed preheating temperature. However, this method of improving the ceramic surface quality by debugging the forming process parameters and increasing the powder bed preheating temperature will cause the following problems:

[0004] 1. The applicable window of the forming process parameters is easily affected by factors such as the characteristics of the powder raw material, the powder bed thickness, and the laser characteristics, and the versatility is not strong.

[0005] 2. In order to reduce the porosity and surface roughness of the ceramics, the method of usually reducing the laser scanning speed and increasing the laser power (the scanning speed is generally less than 50 mm / s, and the laser power is greater than 200 W) is adopted, but this method is prone to problems such as powder splashing in the powder bed and slow forming efficiency.

[0006] 3. In order to reduce the cracks in the ceramics, the powder bed needs to be preheated at a high temperature of 500 °C to 1000 °C, which increases the energy consumption and production cost and is not conducive to industrial scale application.

[0007] Therefore, how to find a method for optimizing the surface quality of oxide ceramic SLM, but with strong versatility, not affected by the SLM forming process parameters, and not requiring a powder bed preheating at a temperature above 500 °C has become a current research difficulty. There is no research on external assistance for oxide ceramic SLM in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary method for optimizing the surface quality of oxide ceramic laser selective melting additive manufacturing, the prepared oxide ceramic and its application. By introducing benzyl alcohol as an auxiliary material, it is possible to reduce the cracks of the oxide ceramic formed by the SLM process under the condition of medium and low temperature powder bed preheating. At the same time, benzyl alcohol can pre-sinter the powder bed and remelt the ceramic in the ceramic SLM, so as to not only reduce the powder splash in the powder bed, but also reduce the porosity of the formed ceramic and optimize the surface roughness and improve the forming efficiency under the working conditions of medium and high scanning speed (greater than 200 mm / s) and medium and small laser power (less than 200 W). The present invention has the advantages of simple process and remarkable effect of optimizing the surface quality of oxide ceramic SLM additive manufacturing.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] An auxiliary method for optimizing the surface quality of oxide ceramic laser selective melting additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: After laying a powder bed with a preset thickness on the substrate, heat the powder bed to the required temperature, and use a piezoelectric nozzle to spray benzyl alcohol on the powder bed 1-3 times to form a wet powder layer;

[0012] Step 2: After the benzyl alcohol spraying in Step 1 is completed, use a laser to scan the edge of the powder bed once, ignite the benzyl alcohol, and complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed;

[0013] Step 3: After the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2 is completed, perform laser selective melting additive manufacturing using a laser to melt the powder to form a ceramic;

[0014] Step 4: After Step 3 is completed, use a piezoelectric nozzle to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramic 1-3 times again, and perform laser scanning using the same process parameters as those in the laser selective melting additive manufacturing in Step 3 to complete the remelting of the ceramic.

[0015] The powder bed in Step 1 includes a silica powder bed, an alumina powder bed, a zirconia powder bed, and a titanium oxide powder bed.

[0016] The benzyl alcohol solution in Step 1 is an analytical pure solution with a concentration of 99%, and its boiling point temperature is 204.7 degrees Celsius; the powder bed heating temperature is 150°C - 200°C, and it is maintained at this level throughout the process. The powder bed thickness is 50 microns - 100 microns.

[0017] The nozzle aperture of the piezoelectric nozzle in Step 1 is 10 microns - 50 microns, the spraying speed at the nozzle is 5 - 7 mm / s, and the nozzle movement speed is 100 - 500 mm / s.

[0018] The substrate in step 1 is a metal substrate or a non-metal substrate; the metal substrate is a 6061 aluminum substrate or a 99.9% copper substrate; the non-metal substrate is a 99.9% high-purity graphite substrate, a 99.9% alumina ceramic substrate, or a 99.9% zirconia substrate.

[0019] The parameters for the laser to scan once at the edge of the powder bed in step 2 are as follows: laser power is 100W - 150W, and scanning speed is 500mm / s - 1000mm / s.

[0020] The laser parameters for laser selective melting additive manufacturing in step 3 are 50W - 200W, and the scanning speed is 200mm / s - 500mm / s.

[0021] When using a piezoelectric nozzle to spray benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramic again in step 4, the nozzle movement and spraying parameters are the same as those in step 1.

[0022] The present invention also provides an oxide ceramic prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for laser selective melting additive manufacturing of the above-mentioned oxide ceramics.

[0023] The present invention also provides an application of the oxide ceramic prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for laser selective melting additive manufacturing of the above-mentioned oxide ceramics in aerospace ceramic components, electronic components, and / or antennas.

[0024] The density of the oxide ceramic is 85 - 97%, the porosity is 3 - 15%, the surface roughness Ra is 1 - 5 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 20 - 40 microns.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. Reduced the porosity of laser selective melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics: Compared with the traditional method of reducing the laser scanning speed (resulting in reduced additive manufacturing efficiency) and increasing the laser power, the present invention introduces benzyl alcohol for pre-sintering of the powder bed, and finally the porosity of the manufactured ceramic is equivalent to or smaller than that of the traditional method without reducing the manufacturing efficiency.

[0027] 2. Reduced the number of cracks in laser selective melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics: Compared with the traditional methods of reducing the laser scanning speed (resulting in reduced additive manufacturing efficiency), increasing the laser power, and changing the laser scanning path, the present invention introduces benzyl alcohol for re-melting of the ceramic, and finally the number of cracks in the manufactured ceramic is equivalent to or smaller than that of the traditional method without reducing the manufacturing efficiency.

[0028] 3. Reduced the surface roughness of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics: Compared with the traditional methods of reducing the laser scanning speed (resulting in reduced additive manufacturing efficiency), increasing the laser power, and changing the laser scanning path, the present invention pre-sintered the powder bed and remelted the ceramics by introducing benzyl alcohol, and finally achieved a surface roughness equivalent to or smaller than that of the traditional methods without reducing the manufacturing efficiency.

[0029] 4. Simple process and energy-saving: The entire preparation process of the present invention significantly reduces the preheating temperature of the powder bed, eliminates the need for high-temperature heating equipment, reduces energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

[0030] In summary, by introducing benzyl alcohol for the auxiliary sintering of the powder bed and the remelting of ceramics, the present invention significantly reduces the preheating temperature of the powder bed, and at the same time, without reducing the laser scanning speed, increasing the laser power, and changing the scanning path, it can optimize the porosity, surface roughness, and the number of cracks during the selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics; the present invention has low energy consumption, a simple process, and a higher manufacturing efficiency compared with traditional methods. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the method for optimizing the surface quality of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2(a) is a SEM image of the surface of the oxide ceramic prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention, and Figure 2(b) is a SEM image of the surface of the oxide ceramic prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3(a) is a surface roughness test chart of the oxide ceramic prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention, and Figure 3(b) is a surface roughness test chart of the oxide ceramic prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, a method for optimizing the surface quality of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: After laying a powder bed with a thickness of 50 μm - 100 μm on the substrate, heat the powder bed to the required temperature, and use a piezoelectric nozzle to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the powder bed 1 - 3 times to form a wet powder layer;

[0038] The powder bed includes a silica powder bed, an alumina powder bed, a zirconia powder bed, and a titanium oxide powder bed; the benzyl alcohol solution is an analytical pure solution with a concentration of 99%, a boiling point temperature of 204.7 °C, the powder bed heating temperature is 150 °C - 200 °C, and it is maintained at this level throughout the process; the nozzle aperture of the piezoelectric nozzle is 10 microns - 50 microns, the spraying speed at the nozzle is 5 - 7 mm / s, and the nozzle movement speed is 100 - 500 mm / s; the substrate is a metal substrate or a non-metal substrate, the metal substrate is a 6061 aluminum substrate, a 99.9% copper substrate, and the non-metal substrate is a 99.9% high-purity graphite substrate, a 99.9% alumina ceramic substrate, a 99.9% zirconia substrate.

[0039] Step 2: After completing the spraying of benzyl alcohol, use a laser to scan the edge of the powder bed once. After igniting the benzyl alcohol, complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed; Parameters for the laser to quickly scan the edge of the powder bed once: laser power 100W - 150W, scanning speed 500 mm / s - 1000 mm / s;

[0040] Step 3: After completing the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2, use a laser for selective laser melting additive manufacturing to melt the powder to form ceramics; The laser parameters for selective laser melting additive manufacturing are 50W - 200W, and the scanning speed is 200 mm / s - 500 mm / s;

[0041] Step 4: After completing Step 3, use the piezoelectric nozzle to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramics 1 - 3 more times, and use the same process parameters as in Step 3 for selective laser melting additive manufacturing to perform laser scanning to complete the remelting of the ceramics; The spraying parameters when spraying the benzyl alcohol solution again are the same as in Step 1.

[0042] The present invention also provides an oxide ceramic prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of the above-mentioned oxide ceramics; this oxide ceramic is applied to aerospace ceramic components, electronic components, and / or antennas.

[0043] The density of the oxide ceramic is 85 - 97%, the porosity is 3 - 15%, the surface roughness Ra is 1 micron - 5 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 20 - 40 microns.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Lay a 50-micron-thick silica powder bed on a 99.9% high-purity graphite substrate, heat the powder bed to 150 °C, and use a piezoelectric nozzle with a nozzle aperture of 10 microns to spray the benzyl alcohol solution once on the powder bed at a spraying speed of 5 mm / s and a movement speed of 100 mm / s to form a wet powder layer;

[0047] Step 2: After the injection of the benzyl alcohol solution is completed, use a laser with a power of 100 W to quickly scan the edge of the powder bed at a speed of 500 mm / s once. After igniting the benzyl alcohol, complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed.

[0048] Step 3: After the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2 is completed, use a laser with a power of 50 W and a scanning speed of 200 mm / s for selective laser melting additive manufacturing to melt the powder to form a ceramic.

[0049] Step 4: After Step 3 is completed, use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore diameter of 10 microns to inject the benzyl alcohol solution onto the ceramic once again at the same injection speed and movement speed as in Step 1, and use the process parameters in Step 3 for laser scanning to complete the remelting of the ceramic.

[0050] An oxide ceramic is prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics in this embodiment; the density of the oxide ceramic is 85%, the porosity is 13.7%, the surface roughness Ra is 4.885 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 30.783 microns. This oxide ceramic is applied to aerospace ceramic components, electronic components, and / or antennas.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Lay an alumina powder bed with a thickness of 70 microns on a 99.9% alumina ceramic substrate, heat the powder bed to 190 °C, and use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore diameter of 30 microns to inject the benzyl alcohol solution onto the powder bed twice at an injection speed of 6 mm / s and a movement speed of 300 mm / s to form a wet powder layer.

[0054] Step 2: After the injection of the benzyl alcohol solution is completed, use a laser with a power of 120 W to quickly scan the edge of the powder bed at a speed of 700 mm / s once. After igniting the benzyl alcohol, complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed.

[0055] Step 3: After the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2 is completed, use a laser with a power of 100 W and a scanning speed of 300 mm / s for selective laser melting additive manufacturing to melt the powder to form a ceramic.

[0056] Step 4: After Step 3 is completed, use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore diameter of 30 microns to inject the benzyl alcohol solution onto the ceramic twice at the same injection speed and movement speed as in Step 1, and use the process parameters in Step 3 for laser scanning to complete the remelting of the ceramic.

[0057] The oxide ceramics were prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics in this embodiment; the density of the oxide ceramics is 90%, the porosity is 3%, the surface roughness Ra is 3.997 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 31.659 microns. The oxide ceramics are applied to aerospace ceramic components, electronic components and / or antennas.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Lay a zirconia powder bed with a thickness of 100 microns on a 99.9% copper substrate, heat the powder bed to 200 °C, and use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore diameter of 50 microns to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the powder bed 3 times at a spraying speed of 7 mm / s and a moving speed of 500 mm / s to form a wet powder layer;

[0061] Step 2: After the spraying of the benzyl alcohol solution is completed, use a laser with a power of 150 W to quickly scan the edge of the powder bed once at a speed of 1000 mm / s, ignite the benzyl alcohol, and complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed;

[0062] Step 3: After the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2 is completed, use a laser with a power of 200 W and a scanning speed of 500 mm / s for selective laser melting additive manufacturing to melt the powder to form ceramics;

[0063] Step 4: After Step 3 is completed, use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore diameter of 50 microns to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramics 3 times at the same spraying speed and moving speed as in Step 1, and perform laser scanning using the process parameters in Step 3 to complete the remelting of the ceramics.

[0064] The oxide ceramics were prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics in this embodiment; the density of the oxide ceramics is 97%, the porosity is 15%, the surface roughness Ra is 5.000 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 39.002 microns. The oxide ceramics are applied to aerospace ceramic components, electronic components and / or antennas.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] A surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics includes the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Lay a titanium oxide powder bed with a thickness of 60 microns on a 6061 aluminum substrate. Heat the powder bed to 160 °C. Use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore size of 20 microns to spray a benzyl alcohol solution onto the powder bed once at a spraying speed of 5 mm / s and a movement speed of 200 mm / s to form a wet powder layer;

[0068] Step 2: After completing the spraying of the benzyl alcohol solution, use a laser with a power of 120 W to quickly scan the edge of the powder bed once at a speed of 600 mm / s, ignite the benzyl alcohol, and complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed;

[0069] Step 3: After completing the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2, perform selective laser melting additive manufacturing using a laser with a power of 160 W and a scanning speed of 300 mm / s to melt the powder to form a ceramic;

[0070] Step 4: After completing Step 3, use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore size of 20 microns to spray the benzyl alcohol solution onto the ceramic 2 more times at the same spraying speed and movement speed as in Step 1, and perform laser scanning using the process parameters in Step 3 to complete the remelting of the ceramic.

[0071] An oxide ceramic was prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics in this embodiment; the density of the oxide ceramic is 89%, the porosity is 8.1%, the surface roughness Ra is 1.000 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 29.987 microns. This oxide ceramic is applied to aerospace ceramic components, electronic components, and / or antennas.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] A surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Lay a zirconia powder bed with a thickness of 90 microns on a 99.9% zirconia substrate. Heat the powder bed to 190 °C. Use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore size of 40 microns to spray a benzyl alcohol solution onto the powder bed 3 times at a spraying speed of 7 mm / s and a movement speed of 400 mm / s to form a wet powder layer;

[0075] Step 2: After completing the spraying of the benzyl alcohol solution, use a laser with a power of 140 W to quickly scan the edge of the powder bed once at a speed of 900 mm / s, ignite the benzyl alcohol, and complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed;

[0076] Step 3: After completing the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2, perform selective laser melting additive manufacturing using a laser with a power of 180 W and a scanning speed of 400 mm / s to melt the powder to form a ceramic;

[0077] Step 4: After completing Step 3, use a piezoelectric nozzle with a pore size of 40 microns to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramic 3 more times at the same spraying speed and moving speed as in Step 1, and perform laser scanning using the process parameters in Step 3 to complete the remelting of the ceramic.

[0078] An oxide ceramic was prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics in this embodiment; the density of the oxide ceramic is 95%, the porosity is 12.9%, the surface roughness Ra is 4.762 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 40.000 microns. This oxide ceramic is applied to aerospace ceramic components, electronic components, and / or antennas.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] Lay a 50-micron-thick silicon oxide powder bed on a 99.9% high-purity graphite substrate, heat the powder bed to 150 degrees Celsius, and use a laser with a power of 50W and a scanning speed of 200 mm / s for selective laser melting additive manufacturing to melt the powder to form a ceramic.

[0081] Treatment and performance testing of the ceramic after melting and forming

[0082] After the melting and forming is completed, use alcohol and high-pressure gas to clean the surface of the ceramic to remove the residual powder, and then perform a drying treatment in a vacuum.

[0083] To evaluate the effect of the present invention, the microstructure and roughness of the ceramic after melting and forming were detected.

[0084] Figure 2(a) is the SEM image of the oxide ceramic prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Figure 2(b) is the SEM image of the oxide ceramic prepared in Example 1; it can be analyzed from Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) that compared with the traditional ceramic laser melting and forming (without benzyl alcohol assistance), the surface porosity of the oxide ceramic prepared by the present invention is smaller, which are 31.5% and 13.7% respectively, indicating that the oxide ceramic prepared by the surface quality optimization assistance method of the present invention has a lower porosity and density.

[0085] Comparing Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b), it can be seen that the surface cracks of the ceramic prepared by traditional ceramic laser melting and forming are better. In contrast, the surface crack situation of the oxide ceramic prepared by the present invention has been greatly improved, and it can be seen from the ceramic SEM image that there are almost no cracks, indicating that the oxide ceramic prepared by the surface quality optimization assistance method of the present invention can greatly improve the ceramic crack situation.

[0086] Figure 3(a) is the surface roughness detection diagram of the oxide ceramic prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Figure 3(b) is the surface roughness detection diagram of the oxide ceramic prepared in Example 1; it can be seen from Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b) that compared with the traditional ceramic laser melting forming (without benzyl alcohol assistance), the surface roughness Ra of the ceramic prepared by the present invention can reach 4.855 microns, and Rz is 30.783 microns. In contrast, the surface roughness Ra of the ceramic prepared by the traditional process is 8.566 microns, and Rz is 52.062 microns, indicating that the oxide ceramic prepared by the surface quality optimization assistance method of the present invention has a lower surface roughness.

Claims

1. An auxiliary method for optimizing the surface quality of selective laser melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Step 1: After laying a powder bed with a preset thickness on the substrate, heat the powder bed to the required temperature, and use a piezoelectric nozzle to spray benzyl alcohol on the powder bed 1 - 3 times to form a wet powder layer; Step 2: After completing the benzyl alcohol spraying in Step 1, use a laser to scan the edge of the powder bed once, ignite the benzyl alcohol, and complete the pre-sintering of the powder bed; Step 3: After completing the pre-sintering of the powder bed in Step 2, perform laser selective melting additive manufacturing using a laser to melt the powder to form ceramics; Step 4: After completing Step 3, use a piezoelectric nozzle to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramics 1 - 3 times again, and use a laser to scan to complete the remelting of the ceramics.

2. The surface quality optimization assistance method according to claim 1, wherein The powder bed in Step 1 includes a silica powder bed, an alumina powder bed, a zirconia powder bed, and a titanium oxide powder bed.

3. The surface quality optimization assistance method according to claim 1, wherein, The benzyl alcohol solution in Step 1 is an analytical pure solution with a concentration of 99%, and its boiling point temperature is 204.7 degrees Celsius; The heating temperature of the powder bed is 150°C - 200°C and is maintained at this level throughout the process. The thickness of the powder bed is 50 microns - 100 microns.

4. The surface quality optimization assistance method according to claim 1, characterized in that The nozzle hole diameter of the piezoelectric nozzle in Step 1 is 10 microns - 50 microns, the spraying speed at the nozzle hole is 5 - 7 mm / s, and the nozzle movement speed is 100 - 500 mm / s.

5. The surface quality optimization assistance method according to claim 1, wherein The substrate in Step 1 is a metal substrate or a non-metal substrate; the metal substrate is a 6061 aluminum substrate, a 99.9% copper substrate; the non-metal substrate is a 99.9% high-purity graphite substrate, a 99.9% alumina ceramic substrate, a 99.9% zirconia substrate.

6. The surface quality optimization assistance method according to claim 1, wherein The parameters for the laser to scan the edge of the powder bed once in Step 2: laser power is 100W - 150W, and the scanning speed is 500 mm / s - 1000 mm / s.

7. The surface quality optimization assistance method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser parameters for the laser selective melting additive manufacturing in Step 3 are 50W - 200W, and the scanning speed is 200 mm / s - 500 mm / s.

8. The surface quality optimization assistance method according to claim 1, characterized in that The nozzle movement and spraying parameters when using the piezoelectric nozzle to spray the benzyl alcohol solution on the ceramics again in Step 4 are the same as those in Step 1; the laser process parameters for using the laser to scan in Step 4 are the same as the process parameters for the laser selective melting additive manufacturing in Step 3.

9. An oxide ceramic, characterized in that, The oxide ceramics are prepared by using the surface quality optimization assistance method for laser selective melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics according to any one of claims 1 - 8; The density of the oxide ceramics is 85 - 97%, the porosity is 3 - 15%, the surface roughness Ra is 1 micron - 5 microns, and the surface roughness Rz is 20 - 40 microns.

10. Application of an oxide ceramic prepared by using a surface quality optimization assistance method for laser selective melting additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics in aerospace ceramic components, electronic components, and / or antennas.

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