Tunnel blasting scattered smoke dust removal device and tunnel blasting scattered smoke dust removal method

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel blasting smoke dispersing and dust removing device and a tunnel blasting smoke dispersing and dust removing method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel blasting construction. The tunnel blasting smoke dispersing and dust removing device comprises an outer shaft rod, a fixed support, stress supporting rods and an automobile with a container at the rear end, the stress supporting rods are arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer shaft rod at intervals, and every two adjacent stress supporting rods are connected through a flexible material to form a closed structure. The stress supporting rods are provided with stress supporting rod driving mechanisms for driving the stress supporting rods to be synchronously unfolded and synchronously folded relative to the outer shaft rod, an air compressor, an air storage box and an inner shaft rod are fixedly arranged in the container, and the front end of the outer shaft rod is coaxially arranged at the rear end of the inner shaft rod in a sealed connection and sleeving mode. The outer shaft rod is provided with an outer shaft rod driving mechanism for driving the outer shaft rod to reciprocate in the axial direction of the inner shaft rod. According to the device, a smoke and dust isolation system and a pumping, discharging and compressing system can be integrated, the device is more convenient to store and move, and the device is particularly suitable for blasting construction of an ultra-long and ultra-deep tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a dust removal device for tunnel blasting fume dispersion and a method for tunnel blasting fume dispersion and dust removal, belonging to the technical field of tunnel blasting construction. Background Art

[0002] Underground hydropower station projects consist of a complex group of interconnected chambers, including the main powerhouse, main transformer chamber, water intake tunnel, tailrace tunnel, busbar tunnel, access tunnel, etc. These chambers crisscross and are densely arranged, with construction processes being coordinated and influencing each other. During the tunneling blasting construction process, drilling and blasting generate a large amount of dust and blasting smoke. After blasting, fresh air must be forced into the tunnel and the dust and smoke inside the tunnel must be discharged outside. Only after the dust and smoke inside the tunnel are diluted to a certain concentration can construction workers enter the tunnel for mucking operations. The ventilation and smoke exhaust time after tunneling blasting often lasts nearly an hour, and for long and deep-buried tunnels, it may even be longer, seriously affecting the construction efficiency. If the ventilation and smoke exhaust do not meet the standards, it will seriously affect the health and safety of construction workers. For this reason, the applicant's prior patent application - the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN217872928U provides a tunneling blasting smoke exhaust auxiliary device, which includes two support frames arranged at intervals. The tops of the two support frames are fixedly connected by a horizontally arranged shaft rod. Along the axial direction of the shaft rod, a fixed support and a sliding support are arranged at intervals. Both the fixed support and the sliding support are arranged in the interval area between the two support frames. The fixed support is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod, and the sliding support is slidably arranged on the shaft rod. A plurality of connecting rods are hinged on the sliding support. The connecting rods are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the shaft rod. A plurality of force-bearing struts are hinged on the fixed support. The force-bearing struts are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the shaft rod and correspond to the connecting rods one by one. The end of the connecting rod far from the sliding support is hinged to the middle of the force-bearing strut. Adjacent force-bearing struts are connected into a closed structure by a flexible material. At least the part of the force-bearing strut located at the end far from the fixed support is set as an elastic rod. The above scheme does not fully consider the impact of the shock wave generated during blasting and does not set up energy absorption and dissipation devices. When the shock wave is large, it may cause greater damage to the device itself and the stability of the surrounding rock. Therefore, the applicant provides an improved scheme. For details, reference can be made to the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN222718810U, which includes two support frames arranged at intervals. The tops of the two support frames are fixedly connected by a horizontally arranged shaft rod. Along the axial direction of the shaft rod, a fixed support and a sliding support are arranged at intervals. The fixed support is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod, and the sliding support is slidably arranged on the shaft rod. A plurality of connecting rods are hinged on the sliding support. The connecting rods are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the shaft rod. A plurality of force-bearing struts are hinged on the fixed support. The force-bearing struts are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the shaft rod and correspond to the connecting rods one by one. The end of the connecting rod far from the sliding support is hinged to the middle of the force-bearing strut. Adjacent force-bearing struts are connected into a closed structure by a flexible material. A buffer fixed seat is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod, and the buffer fixed seat is connected to the sliding support by a buffer.

[0003] The common disadvantage of the above two solutions is that the tunnel plugging system (i.e., equivalent to the smoke and dust isolation system) composed of components such as the shaft rod, stress-bearing struts, and flexible materials is set independently of the dust removal and exhaust system composed of devices such as air compressors. During specific implementation, related equipment usually needs to be temporarily assembled on-site. After the tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal work is completed, the related equipment needs to be disassembled and recycled, which is inconvenient to implement to a certain extent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel blasting smoke and dust dispersion device, which can make the overall implementation simpler.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problem is: a tunnel blasting smoke and dust dispersion device, including an outer shaft rod, a fixed support, stress-bearing struts, and a vehicle with a cargo box at the rear end. The outer shaft rod is horizontally arranged, and the fixed support is fixedly arranged on the outer shaft rod. A plurality of stress-bearing struts are hinged on the fixed support. The stress-bearing struts are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer shaft rod. The adjacent two stress-bearing struts are connected by a flexible material to form a closed structure. At least the part of the stress-bearing strut away from the fixed support is set as an elastic deformation structure. The stress-bearing strut is equipped with a stress-bearing strut driving mechanism for driving it to synchronously open and synchronously close relative to the outer shaft rod. An air compressor, an air storage tank, and an inner shaft rod are fixedly arranged in the cargo box. The inner shaft rod is horizontally arranged. The front end of the outer shaft rod is coaxially sleeved on the rear end of the inner shaft rod in a sealed connection manner. The outer shaft rod is equipped with an outer shaft rod driving mechanism for driving it to reciprocate along the axial direction of the inner shaft rod. The central shaft hole of the outer shaft rod and the central shaft hole of the inner shaft rod are combined to form an air suction channel. The end of the air suction channel close to the front end of the inner shaft rod is connected to the air suction end of the air compressor. The air exhaust end of the air compressor is connected to the air storage tank; a limit protrusion is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the rear end of the outer shaft rod. An annular baffle is coaxially and slidably sleeved on the outer side wall of the rear end of the outer shaft rod. The annular baffle is located on the side of the limit protrusion close to the rear end face of the outer shaft rod. The annular baffle and the limit protrusion are connected by a buffer spring. The axial direction of the buffer spring is consistent with the axial direction of the outer shaft rod.

[0006] Further preferably, the force-bearing strut extends relative to the fixed support in a direction towards the rear end of the outer shaft rod; the force-bearing strut driving mechanism includes a return spring, a transmission rod, a moving sleeve, and a hydraulic pusher. The moving sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the front end of the outer shaft rod and can reciprocate along the axial direction of the outer shaft rod. The moving sleeve is located on this side of the fixed support close to the front end face of the outer shaft rod. The fixed end of the hydraulic pusher is fixedly connected to the outer shaft rod, and the movable end is connected to the moving sleeve. The transmission rods correspond to the force-bearing struts one by one. One end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the force-bearing strut, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the moving sleeve. The force-bearing strut is connected to the outer shaft rod through a return spring. When the hydraulic pusher drives the moving sleeve to move backward along the axial direction of the outer shaft rod, the force applied to the transmission rod by the moving sleeve causes the force-bearing strut to move from the retracted state to the expanded state. When the hydraulic pusher drives the moving sleeve to move forward along the axial direction of the outer shaft rod, the spring return force of the return spring causes the force-bearing strut to move from the expanded state to the retracted state.

[0007] Further preferably, the outer shaft rod driving mechanism is a walking trolley with a power system, and the walking wheels of the walking trolley are cooperatively connected to the bottom plate of the cargo box.

[0008] Further preferably, the number of the force-bearing struts is 16 to 32.

[0009] Further preferably, the annular baffle includes a circular flat plate portion on its inner peripheral side and a conical plate portion on its outer peripheral side. The circular flat plate portion extends along the radial direction of the outer shaft rod. One end of the conical plate portion is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral edge of the circular flat plate portion, and the other end extends relative to the outer peripheral edge of the circular flat plate portion in a direction towards the front end of the outer shaft rod. The outer diameter of the front end of the conical plate portion is larger than the outer diameter of its rear end. The connection point of the buffer spring and the annular baffle is located on the circular flat plate portion.

[0010] Further preferably, the present invention further includes a control system. The annular baffle is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor, the force-bearing strut driving mechanism, and the outer shaft rod driving mechanism are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0011] Based on the above tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device, the present invention also provides a tunnel blasting fume and dust removal method with simpler implementation, including the following steps: Step 1, before tunnel blasting, after drilling and charging in the tunnel are completed and it enters the state of waiting for blasting, at this time, the tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device is installed in place, the rear end of the vehicle faces the side close to the tunnel blasting face, the outer shaft rod is in the retracted state relative to the inner shaft rod, and the force-bearing strut is in the retracted state relative to the outer shaft rod; Step 2, after tunnel blasting, first push out the outer shaft rod through the outer shaft rod driving mechanism; then use the force-bearing strut driving mechanism to make the force-bearing struts open and closely adhere to the tunnel rock wall; Step 3: Start the air compressor to inhale and compress the smoke and dust into the air storage tank. Step 4: After the smoke and dust removal work for tunnel blasting is completed, first use the force-bearing support rod driving mechanism to retract the force-bearing support rod, and then use the outer shaft rod driving mechanism to retract the outer shaft rod.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: During implementation, first, the smoke and dust after blasting are concentrated in a limited space without spreading out, and then they are centrally extracted and compressed into the air storage tank by the air compressor, achieving rapid smoke and dust removal. Thus, the time for smoke and dust removal after blasting can be shortened, and the health and safety of on-site construction workers can be guaranteed. The present invention can also integrate the smoke and dust isolation system, the extraction and compression system, making the device more convenient for storage and movement, and is especially suitable for blasting construction of ultra-long and ultra-deep tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention (the outer shaft rod is in the extended state relative to the inner shaft rod, and the force-bearing support rod is in the retracted state relative to the outer shaft rod); Figure 2 is Figure 1 the partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the area where the moving sleeve is located in Figure 3 is the process schematic diagram during the implementation of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 4 is the process schematic diagram during the implementation of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 5 is the process schematic diagram during the implementation of the present invention Figure 3 ; Reference numerals in the figures: vehicle 1, outer shaft rod 2, fixed support 3, force-bearing support rod 4, cargo box 5, air compressor 6, air storage tank 7, inner shaft rod 8, limit protrusion 9, annular baffle 10, buffer spring 11, return spring 12, transmission rod 13, moving sleeve 14, hydraulic jack 15, walking trolley 16, tunnel blasting face 17, rock mass to be blasted 18, circular flat part 101, conical plate part 102. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] As Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, the tunnel blasting fume-dispersing and dust-removing device of the present invention includes an outer shaft rod 2, a fixed support 3, a stress-bearing support rod 4, and an automobile 1 with a cargo box 5 at the rear end. The outer shaft rod 2 is horizontally arranged. The fixed support 3 is fixedly arranged on the outer shaft rod 2. A plurality of stress-bearing support rods 4 are hinged on the fixed support 3. The stress-bearing support rods 4 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer shaft rod 2. Adjacent two stress-bearing support rods 4 are connected into a closed structure by a flexible material. At least the part of the stress-bearing support rod 4 located at the end far from the fixed support 3 is provided with an elastic deformation structure. The stress-bearing support rod 4 is provided with a stress-bearing support rod driving mechanism for driving it to open and close synchronously relative to the outer shaft rod 2. An air compressor 6, a gas storage tank 7, and an inner shaft rod 8 are fixedly arranged in the cargo box 5. The inner shaft rod 8 is horizontally arranged. The front end of the outer shaft rod 2 is coaxially sleeved on the rear end of the inner shaft rod 8 in a sealed connection manner (generally, a sealing ring can be added between the sliding fit surfaces of the outer shaft rod 2 and the inner shaft rod 8). The outer shaft rod 2 is provided with an outer shaft rod driving mechanism for driving it to reciprocate along the axial direction of the inner shaft rod 8. The central shaft hole of the outer shaft rod 2 and the central shaft hole of the inner shaft rod 8 together form an air suction channel. The end of the air suction channel close to the front end of the inner shaft rod 8 is connected to the air suction end of the air compressor 6. The exhaust end of the air compressor 6 is connected to the gas storage tank 7. A limiting protrusion 9 is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the rear end of the outer shaft rod 2. An annular baffle 10 is coaxially and slidably sleeved on the outer side wall of the rear end of the outer shaft rod 2. The annular baffle 10 is located on the side of the limiting protrusion 9 close to the rear end face of the outer shaft rod 2. The annular baffle 10 and the limiting protrusion 9 are connected by a buffer spring 11. The axial direction of the buffer spring 11 is consistent with the axial direction of the outer shaft rod 2. The main functions of the annular baffle 10 and the buffer spring 11 are to resist the blasting shock wave and play a role in energy dissipation. The specific outer shape and size of the annular baffle 10 should be such that it can cover and block the entire automobile 1. Generally, a plurality of buffer springs 11 can be arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. The limiting protrusion 9 can be arranged at intervals corresponding to the buffer springs 11 one by one, or an integral annular protrusion structure can be adopted. In some alternative embodiments, the buffer spring 11 can also be set as one and directly sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the outer shaft rod 2, that is, it is arranged coaxially with the outer shaft rod 2.

[0016] The front end of the inner shaft rod 8 in the present invention refers to the end close to the front of the vehicle 1; the rear end of the inner shaft rod 8 refers to the end far from the front of the vehicle 1; the front end of the outer shaft rod 2 refers to the end connected to the inner shaft rod 8, and the rear end of the outer shaft rod 2 refers to the end far from the inner shaft rod 8. In the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, both ends of the central shaft hole of the outer shaft rod 2 are open structures, and the rear end of the central shaft hole of the inner shaft rod 8 communicates with the central shaft hole of the outer shaft rod 2 to form an air suction channel. The front end of the central shaft hole of the inner shaft rod 8 is a closed structure, and the connection point between the air suction channel and the air suction end of the air compressor 6 is arranged in the area where the side wall of the inner shaft rod 8 is located. In some alternative embodiments, according to the different arrangement modes of the inner shaft rod 8, the connection point between the air suction channel and the air suction end of the air compressor 6 can also be arranged at the front end face of the inner shaft rod 8.

[0017] Based on the above tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal device, the present invention also provides a tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal method with simpler implementation, including the following steps: Step 1: Before tunnel blasting, after drilling and charging in the tunnel and entering the state of waiting for blasting, install the tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal device in place. As Figure 3 shown, the rear end of the vehicle 1 faces the side close to the tunnel blasting face 17, the outer shaft rod 2 is in a retracted state relative to the inner shaft rod 8, and the force-bearing strut 4 is in a retracted state relative to the outer shaft rod 2; at the moment of blasting, the air shock wave acts on the annular baffle 10, and the annular baffle 10 makes a reciprocating motion under the action of the buffer spring 11, consuming the energy of the air shock wave and protecting the smoke and dust removal device from being damaged; Step 2: After tunnel blasting, first push out the outer shaft rod 2 through the outer shaft rod driving mechanism, as Figure 4 shown; then use the force-bearing strut driving mechanism to make the force-bearing strut 4 open and closely adhere to the tunnel rock wall, as Figure 5 shown; Step 3: Start the air compressor 6 to suck and compress the smoke and dust into the air storage tank 7; Step 4: After the tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal work is completed, first use the force-bearing strut driving mechanism to make the force-bearing strut 4 retract, and then use the outer shaft rod driving mechanism to retract the outer shaft rod 2.

[0018] The model of air compressor 6 can be flexibly selected based on actual operating conditions. Vehicle 1 can be a conventional dump truck, with minor modifications according to the above-described solution of the present invention. For example, in one embodiment, a tunnel cross-section of a certain project measures 7.0m x 6.5m (width x height). The tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal device described herein is located 20m away from the tunnel blasting face 17. The load-bearing support rod 4 is designed to be 4.0m long, and the outer shaft rod 2 is designed to be 5.0m long, comparable to the dimensions of a conventional dump truck and suitable for easy storage. The volume of air within the confined space of the tunnel is approximately 800m³, and the air tank 7 has a capacity of approximately 20m³. Therefore, the air needs to be compressed to approximately 4MPa (within conventional technical limits). Specifically, the present invention can be configured to push out the outer shaft rod 2 approximately 10 seconds after blasting, expanding the load-bearing support rod 4 and entering operation. If an air compressor 6 with a compression efficiency of 80m³ / min is selected, extraction and compression can be completed in 10 minutes.

[0019] More specifically, the elastic deformation structure of the force-bearing strut 4 can be such that part or the whole of itself uses elastic rods. The elastic rods can be rubber elastic rods or metal components with a certain elastic deformation ability. The elastic deformation structure of the force-bearing strut 4 can also be in the form of setting the force-bearing strut 4 as a multi-section movable rod, and using an elastic rope to restrict the specific shape of the force-bearing strut 4. The flexible material can be a fabric with a certain strength, that is, in the form of a barrier cloth, which has a certain deformation ability. As the force-bearing strut 4 expands and retracts, the flexible material can adaptively deform accordingly. When the free end of the force-bearing strut 4 is initially engaged with the inner wall of the tunnel, at this time, the flexible material between the force-bearing struts 4 can basically seal the cross-section of the tunnel, and a sealed space is formed between the device and the tunnel blasting face 17. The specific arrangement of the force-bearing strut 4 and the flexible material can be implemented by referring to the Chinese patent documents with the publication numbers CN217872928U and CN222718810U mentioned above. For the convenience of further implementation, the force-bearing strut driving mechanism in the present invention preferably adopts the following structural form: The force-bearing strut 4 extends relative to the fixed support 3 in a direction towards the rear end of the outer shaft rod 2; the force-bearing strut driving mechanism includes a return spring 12, a transmission rod 13, a moving sleeve 14 and a hydraulic pusher 15. The moving sleeve 14 is coaxially sleeved on the front end of the outer shaft rod 2 and can reciprocate along the axial direction of the outer shaft rod 2. The moving sleeve 14 is located on this side of the front end face of the fixed support 3 close to the outer shaft rod 2. The fixed end of the hydraulic pusher 15 is fixedly connected to the outer shaft rod 2, and the movable end is connected to the moving sleeve 14; the transmission rods 13 correspond to the force-bearing struts 4 one by one. One end of the transmission rod 13 is fixedly connected to the force-bearing strut 4, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the moving sleeve 14. The force-bearing strut 4 and the outer shaft rod 2 are connected by a return spring 12; when the hydraulic pusher 15 drives the moving sleeve 14 to move backward along the axial direction of the outer shaft rod 2, the force applied to the transmission rod 13 by the moving sleeve 14 causes the force-bearing strut 4 to move from the retracted state to the expanded state; when the hydraulic pusher 15 drives the moving sleeve 14 to move forward along the axial direction of the outer shaft rod 2, the spring return force of the return spring 12 causes the force-bearing strut 4 to move from the expanded state to the retracted state. One end of the transmission rod 13 is fixedly connected to the force-bearing strut 4. Here, it can be a direct fixed connection, or the two can be set as an integral structure. In addition, the transmission rod 13 and the force-bearing strut 4 can also be indirectly connected. For example, both are fixedly connected to the same hinge shaft or hinge shaft sleeve, and the hinge shaft or hinge shaft sleeve is used to form the hinge cooperation structure between the force-bearing strut 4 and the fixed support 3. The moving sleeve 14 is preferably a fixed integral double-layer sleeve structure. The inner sleeve is used to form a sliding fit with the outer shaft rod 2, and the outer sleeve is used to apply a driving force to the transmission rod 13. One end of the transmission rod 13 extending into the inner cavity of the moving sleeve 14 means extending into the space between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve.To facilitate the connection of the hydraulic pusher 15, one end of the movable sleeve 14 away from the fixed support 3 can usually be designed with a closed baffle. The inner peripheral edge of the closed baffle is connected to the inner sleeve, and the outer peripheral edge of the closed baffle is also connected to the inner sleeve. In addition, in some embodiments, in order to reduce friction, the inner sleeve can also be replaced by a linear bearing.

[0020] To make the structure simple and reliable, the outer shaft rod driving mechanism is a traveling trolley 16 with a power system. The traveling wheels of the traveling trolley 16 are cooperatively connected to the bottom plate of the cargo box 5. On the one hand, this can make full use of the internal space of the cargo box 5, which is beneficial to maximizing the moving stroke of the outer shaft rod 2. On the other hand, the main structure of the traveling trolley 16 can also effectively vertically support the outer shaft rod 2. After adopting this solution, generally, the front end of the inner shaft rod 8 can be directly fixed on the front side wall plate of the cargo box 5.

[0021] The number of the force-bearing struts 4 and the length of each force-bearing strut 4 should be suitable for the cross-section of the tunnel. The lengths of each force-bearing strut 4 can be the same or different. Theoretically, the more the number of the force-bearing struts 4, the better. To make the structure simple and reliable, the number of the force-bearing struts 4 is preferably 16 to 32.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the annular baffle 10 includes a circular flat plate portion 101 on its inner peripheral side and a conical plate portion 102 on its outer peripheral side. The circular flat plate portion 101 is arranged along the radial direction of the outer shaft rod 2 (that is, the two large surfaces of the circular flat plate portion 101 are perpendicular to the axial direction of the outer shaft rod 2). One end of the conical plate portion 102 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral edge of the circular flat plate portion 101, and the other end extends relative to the outer peripheral edge of the circular flat plate portion 101 in the direction close to the front end of the outer shaft rod 2. The outer diameter of the front end of the conical plate portion 102 is larger than the outer diameter of its rear end. The connection point of the buffer spring 11 and the annular baffle 10 is located on the circular flat plate portion 101. The circular flat plate portion 101 means that its outer peripheral edge is circular. In this embodiment, the conical plate portion 102 is provided, which can reflect part of the blasting shock wave during the tunnel blasting and achieve a better energy dissipation effect.

[0023] The present invention includes a control system. Preferably, the annular baffle 10 is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor, the force-bearing strut driving mechanism, and the outer shaft rod driving mechanism are all electrically connected to the control system. When the air shock wave generated by the blasting acts on the annular baffle 10, the signal detected by the pressure sensor can be used to trigger the outer shaft rod driving mechanism (that is, the traveling trolley 16), and a series of subsequent operations can be completed (at least including starting the force-bearing strut driving mechanism). The time can be set according to needs to be completed within several seconds or dozens of seconds, so as to quickly close the tunnel cross-section and extract the smoke and dust generated by the compressed blasting.

Claims

1. Tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device, including an outer shaft rod (2), a fixed support (3) and a stress-bearing support rod (4). The outer shaft rod (2) is horizontally arranged. The fixed support (3) is fixedly arranged on the outer shaft rod (2). Multiple stress-bearing support rods (4) are hinged on the fixed support (3). The stress-bearing support rods (4) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer shaft rod (2). Adjacent two stress-bearing support rods (4) are connected into a closed structure through a flexible material. At least the part of the stress-bearing support rod (4) at the end far from the fixed support (3) is set as an elastic deformation structure. The stress-bearing support rod (4) is provided with a stress-bearing support rod driving mechanism for driving it to synchronously open and synchronously close relative to the outer shaft rod (2), and it is characterized in that: It includes an automobile (1) with a cargo box (5) at the rear end. An air compressor (6), an air storage tank (7), and an inner shaft rod (8) are fixedly arranged inside the cargo box (5). The inner shaft rod (8) is horizontally arranged. The front end of the outer shaft rod (2) is coaxially sleeved on the rear end of the inner shaft rod (8) in a sealed connection manner. The outer shaft rod (2) is provided with an outer shaft rod driving mechanism for driving it to reciprocate axially along the inner shaft rod (8). The central axis hole of the outer shaft rod (2) and the central axis hole of the inner shaft rod (8) form an air suction channel together. The end of the air suction channel close to the front end of the inner shaft rod (8) is connected to the air suction end of the air compressor (6), and the air discharge end of the air compressor (6) is connected to the air storage tank (7). A limiting protrusion (9) is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the rear end of the outer shaft rod (2). An annular baffle (10) is coaxially and clearance-fittedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rear end of the outer shaft rod (2). The annular baffle (10) is located on the side of the limiting protrusion (9) close to the rear end face of the outer shaft rod (2). The annular baffle (10) is connected to the limiting protrusion (9) through a buffer spring (11). The axial direction of the buffer spring (11) is consistent with the axial direction of the outer shaft rod (2).

2. The tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device according to claim 1, wherein: The force-bearing strut (4) extends relative to the fixed support (3) in a direction towards the rear end of the outer shaft rod (2). The force-bearing strut driving mechanism includes a return spring (12), a transmission rod (13), a moving sleeve (14), and a hydraulic pusher (15). The moving sleeve (14) is coaxially sleeved on the front end of the outer shaft rod (2) and can reciprocate axially along the outer shaft rod (2). The moving sleeve (14) is located on the side of the fixed support (3) close to the front end face of the outer shaft rod (2). The fixed end of the hydraulic pusher (15) is fixedly connected to the outer shaft rod (2), and the movable end is connected to the moving sleeve (14). The transmission rods (13) correspond to the force-bearing struts (4) one by one. One end of the transmission rod (13) is fixedly connected to the force-bearing strut (4), and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the moving sleeve (14). The force-bearing strut (4) is connected to the outer shaft rod (2) through a return spring (12). When the hydraulic pusher (15) drives the moving sleeve (14) to move backward axially along the outer shaft rod (2), the force applied to the transmission rod (13) by the moving sleeve (14) causes the force-bearing strut (4) to move from the retracted state towards the expanded state. When the hydraulic pusher (15) drives the moving sleeve (14) to move forward axially along the outer shaft rod (2), the spring return force of the return spring (12) causes the force-bearing strut (4) to move from the expanded state towards the retracted state.

3. The tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shaft rod driving mechanism is a traveling trolley (16) with a power system. The traveling wheels of the traveling trolley (16) are cooperatively connected to the bottom plate of the cargo box (5).

4. The tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the force-bearing struts (4) is 16 to 32.

5. The tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular baffle (10) includes a circular flat plate portion (101) located on its inner circumference and a conical plate portion (102) located on its outer circumference. The circular flat plate portion (101) is arranged to extend radially along the outer shaft (2). One end of the conical plate portion (102) is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral edge of the circular flat plate portion (101), and the other end is extended relative to the outer peripheral edge of the circular flat plate portion (101) in a direction close to the front end of the outer shaft (2). The outer diameter of the front end of the conical plate portion (102) is greater than the outer diameter of the rear end. The connection point between the buffer spring (11) and the annular baffle (10) is located on the circular flat plate portion (101).

6. The tunnel blasting fume and dust removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The system comprises a control system, wherein the annular baffle (10) is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor, the force-bearing support rod driving mechanism and the outer shaft rod driving mechanism are all electrically connected to the control system.

7. Method for removing dust and dispersing smoke in tunnel blasting, characterized in that, The tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used, and comprises the following steps: Step 1: before the tunnel is blasted, the drilling and charging in the tunnel are completed and the tunnel enters the blasting state. At this time, the tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal device is installed in place, the rear end of the vehicle (1) faces the side close to the tunnel blasting face (17), the outer shaft (2) is in a retracted state relative to the inner shaft (8), and the force-bearing support rod (4) is in a retracted state relative to the outer shaft (2); Step 2: After the tunnel is blasted, the outer shaft rod (2) is first pushed out by the outer shaft rod driving mechanism; then the force support rod driving mechanism is used to open the force support rod (4) and make it close to the tunnel rock wall; Step 3: Start the air compressor (6) to suck in the smoke and dust and compress them into the air storage tank (7); Step 4: After the tunnel blasting smoke and dust removal work is completed, the stressed support rod driving mechanism is first used to retract the stressed support rod (4), and then the outer shaft rod (2) is retracted through the outer shaft rod driving mechanism.

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