Block chain-based photovoltaic power station real-time monitoring management method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a block chain-based photovoltaic power station real-time monitoring management method and system, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the operation data of a photovoltaic power station in real time through a sensor network deployed in the photovoltaic power station, carrying out the denoising and compression through an edge calculation node, generating a corresponding data hash value, and carrying out the real-time monitoring of the data hash value. A data hash value is uploaded to a block chain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism, the data hash value is encrypted and then stored in a distributed file system, data on the chain are automatically analyzed through an intelligent contract, an abnormal alarm, energy efficiency report generation and an electric charge settlement instruction are triggered, a hierarchical data access authority is provided, and the safety of the system is improved. And data verification and privacy protection are carried out based on private key decryption and zero-knowledge proof. Through deep fusion of the block chain and the Internet of Things, tamper-proof storage and multi-party transparent sharing of power station data are realized, automatic anomaly detection and alarm based on an intelligent contract are realized, and a high-concurrency and low-delay real-time data uplink mechanism is supported.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station monitoring, and particularly to a real-time monitoring and management method and system for photovoltaic power stations based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation, as a green and clean energy source, has been widely used. However, traditional photovoltaic power station management systems rely on centralized data storage and manual inspections, suffering from defects such as low data security, low efficiency, information silos, and insufficient transparency. Centralized databases are vulnerable to attacks or tampering, historical data can be maliciously modified, it is difficult to share data among operators, investors, and regulators, the trust cost is high, relying on manual analysis for alarms, unable to respond to equipment failures or environmental anomalies in real time, and it is difficult for multiple parties to verify the operation data of the power station in real time, leading to investment disputes or regulatory difficulties.

[0003] In the prior art, some solutions achieve data collection through the Internet of Things, but lack the guarantee of data credibility and multi-party collaboration. Although blockchain technology has been maturely applied in the financial field, it has not yet solved the technical problems of real-time data uploading efficiency, multi-source heterogeneous data processing, and dynamic response of smart contracts in photovoltaic power station monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a real-time monitoring and management method and system for photovoltaic power stations based on blockchain. Through the deep integration of blockchain and the Internet of Things, it realizes tamper-proof storage and multi-party transparent sharing of power station data, automated anomaly detection and alarm based on smart contracts, supports a real-time data uploading mechanism with high concurrency and low latency, and multi-role hierarchical data permission management for investors and operators.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: Based on the above purpose, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and management method for photovoltaic power stations based on blockchain, including the following steps: Real-time collect the operation data of the photovoltaic power station through a sensor network deployed in the photovoltaic power station, where the operation data includes power generation, component temperature, environmental parameters, and equipment status; Use edge computing nodes to denoise and compress the operation data to generate corresponding data hash values; Upload the data hash values to the blockchain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism, and store them in a distributed file system after encryption; Automatically analyze the data on the chain through smart contracts, trigger anomaly alarms, generate energy efficiency reports, and electricity settlement instructions, provide hierarchical data access permissions, and perform data verification and privacy protection based on private key decryption and zero-knowledge proofs.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention, the lightweight consensus mechanism adopts the Tangle protocol, including: When uploading data, the edge computing node acts as a lightweight node in the Tangle network and completes real-time data uploading to the chain by verifying the previous two transactions; The blockchain network dynamically allocates storage shards according to data priorities, and environmental data and device status data are stored in different blockchain shards respectively.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, the data hash value is uploaded to the blockchain network in real time through the lightweight consensus mechanism and stored in the distributed file system after encryption, including: The edge computing node uses the SM2 algorithm to asymmetrically encrypt the data to generate an encrypted data packet; The SM3 algorithm is used to generate the data hash value, and the hash value is bound with the timestamp and then uploaded to the blockchain.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the on-chain data is automatically analyzed through a smart contract. The smart contract includes an anomaly detection contract, an energy efficiency analysis contract, and an automatic settlement contract, where: The anomaly detection contract predefines environmental thresholds (such as wind speed > 15 m / s) and device thresholds (such as component temperature difference > 10 °C), triggers real-time alarms and generates operation and maintenance work orders; The energy efficiency analysis contract calls an off-chain AI model, predicts the theoretical power generation based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm, and generates an efficiency report by comparing with the actual data; The automatic settlement contract generates a settlement list according to the electricity price policy and the power generation data, and pushes it to the power grid system.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, it is stored in the distributed file system after encryption. The distributed file system includes: Only the content identifier (Content Identifie, CID) returned by the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is stored in the blockchain, and the complete data is verified for on-chain-off-chain association through the CID and the hash value; When accessing data, the user obtains the CID through the blockchain and requests the decrypted complete data from the IPFS node.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, hierarchical data access permissions are provided, including: The operator holds the private key and can access all data and the operation log of the smart contract; Investors verify the authenticity of power generation through zero - knowledge proofs without obtaining the geographical location information of the power station; Regulatory agencies trace data tampering records through node permissions and trigger a cross - chain audit process.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, when triggering the cross - chain audit process, the cross - chain audit includes the following steps: Synchronize the hash of key data to the public chain and generate non - repudiable audit evidence through a cross - chain protocol; Regulatory agencies call the public chain smart contract, compare the data consistency between the consortium chain and the public chain, and generate a compliance report.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, using edge computing nodes to denoise and compress the operation data includes the following steps: Perform denoising processing on the original sensor data based on wavelet transform; Use Huffman coding to compress the denoised data, and the compression ratio is not less than 60%.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the real - time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain further includes dynamically optimizing the operation strategy of the photovoltaic power station: The smart contract generates an optimal tilt angle adjustment instruction according to real - time environmental data (irradiance, temperature) and sends it to the photovoltaic support control system; Historical operation data is used to train the AI model to optimize the prediction accuracy of future power generation efficiency.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a real - time monitoring and management system of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain, including the following components: A data acquisition module, deployed in the sensor network of the photovoltaic power station, including irradiance sensors, current - voltage sensors, infrared thermal imagers, and meteorological monitoring equipment, for real - time acquisition of the operation data of the photovoltaic power station, where the operation data includes power generation, component temperature, environmental parameters, and equipment status; An edge computing module, connected to the data acquisition module, configured to denoise and compress the original operation data and generate corresponding data hash values; A blockchain network module, used to upload the data hash value to the blockchain network in real - time through a lightweight consensus mechanism and store it in a distributed file system after encryption; A permission management module, used to automatically analyze the data on the chain through a smart contract, trigger abnormal alarms, generate energy efficiency reports, and electricity bill settlement instructions, provide hierarchical data access permissions, and perform data verification and privacy protection based on private key decryption and zero - knowledge proofs.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the edge computing module is configured to denoise and compress the original operation data to generate corresponding data hash values, including the following steps: Data denoising processing based on wavelet transform; Compress the data using Huffman coding (the compression ratio is not less than 60%); Use the national cryptographic SM2 algorithm to perform asymmetric encryption on the data to generate an encrypted data packet; Use the SM3 algorithm to generate a data hash value and bind the hash value to the timestamp.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, the blockchain network module adopts a consortium chain architecture, including multiple nodes maintained by operators, power grid companies, and regulatory agencies; it is also integrated with a lightweight consensus mechanism for real-time uploading of data hash values and dynamically allocating storage shards according to data types, where environmental data and device status data are stored in different blockchain shards respectively; the content identifier (CID) returned by IPFS is stored on the chain of the blockchain network module, and the complete encrypted data is associated and verified through the CID and the on-chain hash value.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, the permission management module further includes a smart contract unit, and the smart contract unit is deployed in the blockchain network, including: Abnormal detection contract: predefined threshold rules such as wind speed > 15m / s, component temperature difference > 10°C, etc., trigger real-time alarms and generate operation and maintenance work orders; Energy efficiency analysis contract: call the off-chain LSTM model to predict the theoretical power generation and generate a report on the deviation between the actual and theoretical values; Automatic settlement contract: generate an electricity bill settlement list based on the electricity price policy and power generation and push it to the power grid system; Dynamic optimization contract: generate a photovoltaic bracket tilt adjustment instruction according to real-time irradiance and temperature data and send it to the control system.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, hierarchical data access control is implemented in the permission management module, including: Operator permission: decrypt and access all data and smart contract operation logs through the private key; Investor permission: verify the authenticity of power generation based on zero-knowledge proof without obtaining the geographical location of the power station; Regulatory agency permission: trace the data tampering record and trigger a cross-chain audit process.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention, the permission management module further includes a cross-chain audit unit, which is configured to synchronize the hash of key data to the public chain and generate non-repudiable audit evidence through a cross-chain protocol; the regulatory agency invokes the public chain smart contract to compare the data consistency between the consortium chain and the public chain and generate a compliance report.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, a real-time monitoring and management method and system for a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain proposed by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention uses blockchain to store data hash values and IPFS content identifiers (CIDs) as immutable evidence, ensuring that key data such as power generation and equipment status can be verified throughout the process, eliminating the risk of human tampering; binding the data hash with the timestamp supports millisecond-level traceability of abnormal events, improves the positioning efficiency, synchronizes the key data to the public chain, compares the consistency between the consortium chain and the public chain through a smart contract, generates non-repudiable audit evidence, meets the financial-level trust requirements, and ensures cross-chain audit.

[0021] The present invention uses on-chain trusted data (power generation and operation records) as the basis for issuing photovoltaic REITs. Investors automatically obtain dividends through smart contracts, shortening the financing cycle, adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic support according to real-time environmental data, increasing the daily average power generation, automatically generating a cross-chain audit report, meeting regulatory requirements such as carbon trading and green certificate issuance, reducing the manual audit cost, and facilitating the real-time monitoring and management of photovoltaic power stations.

[0022] These aspects or other aspects of the present application will be more clearly understood in the following description of the embodiments. It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the exemplary embodiments or related technologies. The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a real-time monitoring and management method for a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a real-time monitoring and management method for a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of denoising and compressing operation data in a real-time monitoring and management method for a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the encrypted storage in the distributed file system in a real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a flowchart of automatically analyzing data on the chain through a smart contract in a real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0028] Next, in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, the present application will be further described. It should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, the following described embodiments or technical features can be combined arbitrarily to form new embodiments.

[0029] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will further describe the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0030] It should be noted that all the expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used to distinguish two non-identical entities or non-identical parameters with the same name. It can be seen that "first" and "second" are only for the convenience of expression and should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units inherently includes other steps or units.

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are only illustrative examples, and do not necessarily include all the contents and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily need to be executed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be decomposed, combined or partially merged, so the actual execution order may be changed according to the actual situation.

[0033] Next, some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0034] In view of the defects of traditional photovoltaic power station management systems, such as low data security, low efficiency, information silos, and insufficient transparency, and the lack of guarantee for data credibility and multi-party collaboration, the present invention proposes a real-time monitoring and management method for photovoltaic power stations based on blockchain. Through the deep integration of blockchain and the Internet of Things, it realizes tamper-proof storage and multi-party transparent sharing of power station data, automated anomaly detection and warning based on smart contracts, supports a real-time data on-chain mechanism with high concurrency and low latency, and multi-role hierarchical data permission management for investors and operators.

[0035] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and management method for photovoltaic power stations based on blockchain, which is applicable to scenarios such as distributed photovoltaic power stations and large-scale ground power stations. The method includes the following steps: Step S10: Real-time collect the operation data of the photovoltaic power station through a sensor network deployed in the photovoltaic power station. The operation data includes power generation, component temperature, environmental parameters, and equipment status.

[0036] In this step, data is real-time collected through various types of sensors deployed in the photovoltaic power station (such as irradiance sensors, current and voltage sensors, infrared thermal imagers, and meteorological monitoring devices), covering power generation, component temperature, environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed), and equipment status (inverter and combiner box operation status). The sensor network uses the LoRa or NB-IoT protocol for low-power transmission.

[0037] Exemplarily, for a 10MW ground photovoltaic power station with 500 groups of component temperature sensors, 20 weather stations, and 50 inverter status monitoring devices deployed, the data stream is that the sensors collect data once per second, and the data is aggregated to the edge node through the LoRa gateway, with a daily data volume reaching 2TB.

[0038] Step S20: Use the edge computing node to denoise and compress the operation data to generate corresponding data hash values.

[0039] In this step, see Figure 3 As shown, using the edge computing node to denoise and compress the operation data includes the following steps: Step S201: Denoise the original sensor data based on wavelet transform; Step S202: Compress the denoised data using Huffman coding, with a compression ratio not less than 60%.

[0040] Among them, when the wavelet transform is used to denoise the original sensor data, the original signal is decomposed by the wavelet basis function, high-frequency noise (such as electromagnetic interference) is filtered out, and low-frequency effective signals (such as the temperature change trend of components) are retained. For example, the Daubechies-5 wavelet decomposition is performed on the component temperature signal, and the data is reconstructed after threshold processing, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is increased by 30%.

[0041] In this embodiment, when Huffman coding is used to compress the denoised data, codes are dynamically allocated according to the data occurrence frequency. Short codes are used for high-frequency data, and the compression ratio is ≥60%. For example, the denoised temperature data (original size 1GB) is compressed to 400MB, and the transmission bandwidth occupancy is reduced by 60%.

[0042] Step S30: The data hash value is uploaded to the blockchain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism and stored in a distributed file system after encryption.

[0043] In this step, the lightweight consensus mechanism adopts the Tangle protocol, including: When data is uploaded, the edge computing node acts as a lightweight node in the Tangle network and completes real-time data on-chain by verifying the previous two transactions; The blockchain network dynamically allocates storage shards according to the data priority, and the environmental data and device status data are stored in different blockchain shards respectively.

[0044] In this embodiment, the lightweight consensus mechanism adopts the Tangle protocol. When data is uploaded, the edge node acts as a Tangle lightweight node, verifies the previous two transactions (without full network consensus), and the transaction confirmation time <1 second. For example, 1200 data on-chain requests are processed per second, and the throughput is 3 times that of the traditional PBFT consensus.

[0045] In this step, as shown in Figure 4 When the data hash value is uploaded to the blockchain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism and stored in a distributed file system after encryption, the following steps are included: Step S301: The edge computing node uses the SM2 algorithm to perform asymmetric encryption on the data to generate an encrypted data packet; Step S302: The SM3 algorithm is used to generate a data hash value, and the hash value is bound to the timestamp and then uploaded to the blockchain.

[0046] Among them, after being encrypted and stored in the distributed file system, the distributed file system includes: Only the content identifier (CID) returned by IPFS is stored in the blockchain, and the complete data is verified for on-chain and off-chain association through the CID and the hash value; When accessing data, the user obtains the CID through the blockchain and requests the decrypted complete data from the IPFS node.

[0047] In this embodiment, the data packet is encrypted by SM2, the hash value is generated by SM3, the IPFS returns the CID (Content Identifier), and only the CID and the hash are stored on the chain. When storing, the edge node encrypts the compressed data and uploads it to the IPFS to generate the CID; the Tangle protocol is used to upload the CID and the hash value (generated by SM3) to the chain; the environmental data and the device status data are respectively stored in chain shard A and shard B to avoid query conflicts. For example, based on the FISCO BCOS consortium chain, 3 operator nodes and 2 regulatory nodes are deployed. Step S40: Automatically analyze the data on the chain through the smart contract, trigger abnormal alarms, generate energy efficiency reports and electricity settlement instructions, provide hierarchical data access permissions, and perform data verification and privacy protection based on private key decryption and zero-knowledge proofs.

[0048] In this step, refer to Figure 5 As shown, automatically analyze the data on the chain through the smart contract. The smart contract includes an anomaly detection contract, an energy efficiency analysis contract, and an automatic settlement contract. Among them, the following steps are included: Step S401: The anomaly detection contract predefines environmental thresholds (such as wind speed > 15 m / s) and device thresholds (such as component temperature difference > 10 °C), triggers real-time alarms and generates operation and maintenance work orders. Step S402: The energy efficiency analysis contract calls the off-chain AI model, predicts the theoretical power generation based on the LSTM algorithm, and generates an efficiency report by comparing with the actual data. Step S403: The automatic settlement contract generates a settlement list according to the electricity price policy and the power generation data, and pushes it to the power grid system.

[0049] In this embodiment, when it is the anomaly detection contract, predefined rules (such as component temperature difference > 10 °C) are set to trigger alarms and generate work orders. For example, on a certain day, the temperature difference of the 3rd array is detected to reach 12 °C, and a work order is automatically generated and dispatched to the operation and maintenance personnel's APP. When it is the energy efficiency analysis contract, the off-chain LSTM model is called to predict the theoretical power generation, and an efficiency report is generated by comparing with the actual data. For example, the prediction error < 5%, and it is found that the efficiency of a certain inverter has decreased by 15%, triggering a maintenance instruction. When it is the automatic settlement contract, the electricity bill is calculated according to the electricity price policy (such as time-of-use electricity price), a settlement list is generated and pushed to the power grid. For example, the monthly settlement list is automatically generated, reducing the manual verification time by 8 hours / month.

[0050] In step S40, hierarchical data access permissions are provided, including: The operator holds the private key and can access all data and the operation log of the smart contract. Investors verify the authenticity of power generation through zero - knowledge proofs without obtaining the geographical location information of the power station; The regulatory agency traces the data tampering records through node permissions and triggers the cross - chain audit process.

[0051] Among them, when triggering the cross - chain audit process, the cross - chain audit includes the following steps: Synchronize the hash of key data to the public chain and generate non - repudiable audit evidence through the cross - chain protocol; The regulatory agency calls the public - chain smart contract, compares the data consistency between the consortium chain and the public chain, and generates a compliance report.

[0052] In some embodiments, the blockchain - based real - time monitoring and management method for photovoltaic power stations further includes dynamically optimizing the operation strategy of the photovoltaic power station: The smart contract generates an optimal tilt - angle adjustment instruction according to real - time environmental data (irradiance, temperature) and sends it to the photovoltaic support control system; Historical operation data is used to train the AI model to optimize the prediction accuracy of future power generation efficiency.

[0053] Among them, the smart contract calculates the optimal tilt angle according to real - time irradiance and temperature, sends it to the support control system, historical data trains the LSTM model to optimize the power generation prediction accuracy, and after the prediction model iterates, the error rate drops from 8% to 3%.

[0054] The blockchain - based real - time monitoring and management method for photovoltaic power stations of the present invention solves the problem of high - concurrency data uploading to the chain through the Tangle protocol, realizes low - cost mass storage through IPFS, and utilizes on - chain and off - chain collaborative computing (such as LSTM model invocation) to balance efficiency and security, improves power generation efficiency, reduces operation and maintenance costs, enhances the transparency of photovoltaic data, helps achieve the "dual - carbon" goal, and meets the dual compliance requirements of finance and supervision through zero - knowledge proofs and cross - chain audits.

[0055] It should be noted that the above - mentioned drawings are only schematic illustrations of the processes included in the method according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, rather than for limiting purposes. It is easy to understand that the processes shown in the above - mentioned drawings do not indicate or limit the time sequence of these processes. Additionally, it is also easy to understand that these processes can be executed synchronously or asynchronously in, for example, multiple modules.

[0056] It should be understood that although the above is described in a certain order, these steps are not necessarily executed in the above order successively. Unless there is a clear description in this article, the execution of these steps has no strict order limit, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, a part of the steps of this embodiment may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed alternately or in turn with at least a part of other steps or steps or stages in other steps.

[0057] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a real-time monitoring and management system for a photovoltaic power station based on a blockchain. This system is used to execute the aforementioned real-time monitoring and management method for a photovoltaic power station based on a blockchain. The real-time monitoring and management system for a photovoltaic power station based on a blockchain includes: A data acquisition module, deployed in the sensor network of the photovoltaic power station, including an irradiance sensor, a current and voltage sensor, an infrared thermal imager, and a meteorological monitoring device, is used to collect the operation data of the photovoltaic power station in real time. The operation data includes power generation, component temperature, environmental parameters, and equipment status; An edge computing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is configured to denoise and compress the original operation data to generate corresponding data hash values; A blockchain network module, used to upload the data hash values to the blockchain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism and store them in a distributed file system after encryption; A permission management module, used to automatically analyze the data on the chain through a smart contract, trigger abnormal alarms, generate energy efficiency reports, and electricity bill settlement instructions, provide hierarchical data access permissions, and perform data verification and privacy protection based on private key decryption and zero-knowledge proof.

[0058] Among them, the edge computing module is configured to denoise and compress the original operation data to generate corresponding data hash values, including the following steps: Data denoising processing based on wavelet transform; Use Huffman coding to compress the data (the compression ratio is not less than 60%); Use the national secret SM2 algorithm to perform asymmetric encryption on the data to generate an encrypted data packet; Use the SM3 algorithm to generate a data hash value and bind the hash value with a timestamp.

[0059] Among them, the blockchain network module adopts a consortium blockchain architecture, including multiple nodes maintained by operators, power grid companies, and regulatory agencies; it also integrates a lightweight consensus mechanism for real-time uploading of data hash values and dynamically allocating storage shards according to data types, where environmental data and device status data are stored in different blockchain shards respectively; the content identifier (CID) returned by IPFS is stored on the blockchain of the blockchain network module, and the complete encrypted data is associated and verified through the CID and the on-chain hash value.

[0060] In this embodiment, the permission management module further includes a smart contract unit deployed in the blockchain network, including: Abnormal detection contract: predefined threshold rules such as wind speed > 15m / s, component temperature difference > 10°C, etc., trigger real-time alarms and generate operation and maintenance work orders; Energy efficiency analysis contract: call the off-chain LSTM model to predict the theoretical power generation and generate a report on the deviation between the actual and theoretical values; Automatic settlement contract: generate an electricity bill settlement list based on the electricity price policy and power generation and push it to the power grid system; Dynamic optimization contract: generate an instruction to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic bracket according to real-time irradiance and temperature data and send it to the control system.

[0061] Among them, hierarchical data access control is implemented in the permission management module, including: Operator permissions: decrypt and access all data and smart contract operation logs through the private key; Investor permissions: verify the authenticity of power generation based on zero-knowledge proof without obtaining the geographical location of the power station; Regulatory agency permissions: trace data tampering records and trigger a cross-chain audit process.

[0062] In this embodiment, the permission management module further includes a cross-chain audit unit configured to synchronize the key data hash to the public blockchain and generate non-repudiable audit evidence through the cross-chain protocol; the regulatory agency calls the public blockchain smart contract to compare the data consistency between the consortium blockchain and the public blockchain and generate a compliance report.

[0063] Through the above detailed steps, the blockchain-based real-time monitoring and management system of the photovoltaic power station of the present invention is used to execute the steps of the blockchain-based real-time monitoring and management method of the photovoltaic power station in the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here. The blockchain-based real-time monitoring and management method and system provided by the present invention use the blockchain to store data hash values and IPFS content identifiers (CIDs) as immutable evidence, ensuring that key data such as power generation and equipment status can be verified throughout the process and eliminating the risk of human tampering; binding the data hash with the timestamp to support millisecond-level traceability of abnormal events, improving the positioning efficiency, and synchronizing the key data to the public chain. By comparing the consistency between the consortium chain and the public chain through smart contracts, undeniable audit evidence is generated, meeting the financial-level trust requirements and ensuring cross-chain auditing.

[0064] The present invention uses on-chain trusted data (power generation and operation and maintenance records) as the basis for issuing photovoltaic REITs. Investors automatically obtain dividends through smart contracts, shortening the financing cycle. Adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic bracket according to real-time environmental data can improve the daily average power generation. An automatic cross-chain audit report is generated to meet regulatory requirements such as carbon trading and green certificate issuance, reducing the manual audit cost and facilitating the real-time monitoring and management of photovoltaic power stations.

[0065] The above are the exemplary embodiments disclosed by the present invention. However, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments disclosed by the present invention as defined by the claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to the disclosed embodiments here do not need to be executed in any specific order. In addition, although the elements disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be described or claimed in individual form, they can also be understood as plural unless explicitly limited to the singular.

[0066] It should be understood that, as used herein, unless the context clearly supports exceptions, the singular form "one" is also intended to include the plural form. It should also be understood that the "and / or" used herein refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the related listed items. The serial numbers of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention above are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0067] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; under the idea of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical features between the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other changes in different aspects of the embodiments of the present invention as above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and management method for a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Real-time collect the operation data of the PV power station through the sensor network deployed in the PV power station, where the operation data includes power generation, component temperature, environmental parameters, and equipment status; Use the edge computing node to denoise and compress the operation data to generate corresponding data hash values; Upload the data hash values to the blockchain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism, and store them in the distributed file system after encryption; Automatically analyze the data on the chain through smart contracts, trigger abnormal alarms, generate energy efficiency reports, and electricity bill settlement instructions, provide hierarchical data access permissions, and perform data verification and privacy protection based on private key decryption and zero-knowledge proof.

2. The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on a blockchain according to claim 1, wherein, The lightweight consensus mechanism adopts the Tangle protocol, including: When uploading data, the edge computing node acts as a lightweight node of the Tangle network and completes real-time data uploading to the chain by verifying the previous two transactions; The blockchain network dynamically allocates storage shards according to data priorities, and environmental data and equipment status data are stored in different blockchain shards respectively.

3. The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that, Upload the data hash values to the blockchain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism, and store them in the distributed file system after encryption, including: The edge computing node uses the SM2 algorithm to perform asymmetric encryption on the data to generate encrypted data packets; Adopt the SM3 algorithm to generate data hash values, bind the hash values with timestamps, and upload them to the blockchain.

4. The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to claim 3, characterized in that Stored in the distributed file system after encryption, the distributed file system includes: Only the content identifiers returned by IPFS are stored in the blockchain, and the complete data is verified for on-chain and off-chain association through the content identifiers and hash values; When accessing data, users obtain the content identifiers through the blockchain and request the decrypted complete data from the IPFS node.

5. The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that, Automatically analyze the data on the chain through smart contracts, where the smart contracts include abnormal detection contracts, energy efficiency analysis contracts, and automatic settlement contracts, among which: The abnormal detection contract predefines environmental thresholds and equipment thresholds, triggers real-time alarms, and generates operation and maintenance work orders; The energy efficiency analysis contract calls the off-chain AI model, predicts the theoretical power generation based on the LSTM algorithm, and compares it with the actual data to generate an efficiency report; The automatic settlement contract generates a settlement list according to the electricity price policy and power generation data, and pushes it to the power grid system.

6. The real-time monitoring and management method for a photovoltaic power station based on a blockchain according to claim 1, wherein Provide hierarchical data access permissions, including: The operator holds the private key and can access all data and smart contract operation logs; Investors verify the authenticity of power generation through zero-knowledge proof without obtaining the geographical location information of the power station; The regulatory agency traces the data tampering records through node permissions and triggers a cross-chain audit process.

7. The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on a blockchain according to claim 6, characterized in that, When triggering the cross-chain audit process, the cross-chain audit includes the following steps: Synchronize the key data hashes to the public chain and generate non-repudiable audit evidence through the cross-chain protocol; The regulatory agency calls the public chain smart contract, compares the data consistency between the consortium chain and the public chain, and generates a compliance report.

8. The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that Use the edge computing node to denoise and compress the operation data, including the following steps: Perform denoising processing on the original sensor data based on wavelet transform; Adopt Huffman coding to compress the denoised data, and the compression rate is not less than 60%.

9. The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that The real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain further includes dynamically optimizing the operation strategy of the photovoltaic power station: The smart contract generates an optimal tilt angle adjustment instruction according to real-time environmental data (irradiance, temperature) and sends it to the photovoltaic support control system; Historical operation data is used to train the AI model to optimize the prediction accuracy of future power generation efficiency.

10. A real-time monitoring and management system for a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain, characterized in that, For implementing the real-time monitoring and management method of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain according to any one of claims 1-9, the real-time monitoring and management system of a photovoltaic power station based on blockchain includes: A data acquisition module, deployed in the sensor network of the photovoltaic power station, including an irradiance sensor, a current and voltage sensor, an infrared thermal imager, and a meteorological monitoring device, for real-time collecting the operation data of the photovoltaic power station, and the operation data includes power generation, component temperature, environmental parameters, and equipment status; An edge computing module, connected to the data acquisition module, configured to denoise and compress the original operation data to generate corresponding data hash values; A blockchain network module, used to upload the data hash values to the blockchain network in real time through a lightweight consensus mechanism and store them in a distributed file system after encryption; A permission management module, used to automatically analyze the data on the chain through a smart contract, trigger abnormal alarms, generate energy efficiency reports, and electricity bill settlement instructions, provide hierarchical data access permissions, and perform data verification and privacy protection based on private key decryption and zero-knowledge proof.

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