Intelligent vehicle-mounted power adapter control system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent vehicle-mounted power adapter control system and method, and the method comprises the steps: monitoring the bus voltage in real time, determining a fluctuation interval, calculating a voltage regulation coefficient to form a dynamic regulation track, adjusting the conduction time of a power switch according to the track, calculating an error, and correcting the track to control the voltage change rate. After switching, power fluctuation is monitored to recover an initial mode, stable mode switching is ensured, and power oscillation is reduced. By monitoring and dynamically adjusting bus voltage and current parameters in real time, the stability of voltage and current is maintained during mode switching, so that the overall performance and reliability of the system are improved; especially in the rapid mode switching process, it can be ensured that the voltage change rate is maintained within a preset safety range, the risk of power oscillation is greatly reduced, and the stability and safety of the system are enhanced; the problem of power oscillation caused by bus voltage abrupt change due to mode switching can be effectively reduced on the premise that the system complexity is not remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle-mounted power supplies, and particularly relates to an intelligent vehicle-mounted power adapter control system and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the current field of vehicle-mounted power adapters, traditional control methods usually rely on fixed voltage conversion ratios or simple switching cycle adjustments to achieve switching between different modes, such as switching from a charging mode to a voltage conversion mode. Although this approach can meet basic application requirements, during rapid switching, due to sudden changes in the bus voltage, power oscillation phenomena are likely to occur. Specifically, when the system needs to switch from one operating mode to another within a short period of time, the sudden change in the bus voltage will cause instability of the current and voltage, thereby affecting the stability and efficiency of the entire system.

[0003] In the prior art, to solve this problem, methods such as adding additional hardware filters or smoothing the output through software algorithms are usually adopted. However, these solutions often increase the complexity and cost of the system, and there are certain limitations in the dynamic response speed, making it difficult to balance the stability and fast response ability of the system simultaneously. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent vehicle-mounted power adapter control system and method thereof, which can effectively reduce the power oscillation problem caused by sudden changes in the bus voltage during mode switching without significantly increasing the system complexity.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An intelligent vehicle-mounted power adapter control method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Real-time acquire bus voltage data and determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode; calculate the voltage regulation coefficient of the transition stage according to the difference between the allowable range and the bus voltage of the target mode, and associate the voltage regulation coefficient with the preset switching cycle to form a dynamic regulation trajectory; gradually adjust the conduction time of the power switch to the target value according to the dynamic regulation trajectory at a preset time before mode switching, synchronously collect the peak value of the bus current during the adjustment period and calculate the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value; correct the slope parameter of the dynamic regulation trajectory according to the error, and use the corrected dynamic regulation trajectory to control the switch conduction timing to keep the bus voltage change rate within the preset gradient threshold; continuously monitor the output power fluctuation after switching, and restore the initial control mode when the fluctuation amplitude of consecutive preset number of sampling points is lower than the threshold.

[0007] Preferably, the real-time acquire bus voltage data and determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode includes:

[0008] Read the bus voltage value \(U_{bus}\) through a voltage sensor, and calculate the average voltage value \(U_{avg}\) based on the \(U_{bus}\) using the formula \(U_{avg}=(1 / N)\sum_{i = 1}^{N}U_{bus}(i)\), where \(N\) is the total number of samples;

[0009] Determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range \([U_{min}, U_{max}]\) according to the \(U_{avg}\), where \(U_{min}=U_{avg}(1 - \delta)\), \(U_{max}=U_{avg}(1+\delta)\), and \(\delta\) is a preset fluctuation percentage.

[0010] Preferably, calculating the voltage regulation coefficient in the transition stage according to the difference between the allowable range and the bus voltage of the target mode includes:

[0011] Obtain the allowable voltage fluctuation range \([U_{min}, U_{max}]\), and record the bus voltage \(U_{target}\) in the target mode;

[0012] Based on the \(U_{min}\), \(U_{max}\) and \(U_{target}\), calculate the voltage difference \(D_U = U_{target}-(U_{min}+U_{max}) / 2\) to quantify the voltage gap between the current mode and the target mode;

[0013] Use the \(D_U\) to calculate the voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{reg}\) using the formula \(K_{reg}=(D_U^2) / (U_{target}|D_U| + 1)\);

[0014] Multiply the \(K_{reg}\) by a preset basic regulation parameter \(P_{base}\) to obtain the final voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final}=K_{reg}P_{base}\).

[0015] Preferably, associating the voltage regulation coefficient with a preset switching period to form a dynamic regulation trajectory includes:

[0016] Obtain the final voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final}\), and determine a preset switching period \(T_w\). Based on the \(K_{final}\) and \(T_w\), calculate the ideal voltage adjustment amount per period \(D_U_{cycle}=K_{final} / T_w\);

[0017] Use the \(D_U_{cycle}\) to construct a dynamic regulation trajectory \(U_{traj}(t)\) that changes with time. The formula is \(U_{traj}(t)=U_{initial}+\sum_{i = 1}^{t}D_U_{cycle}\), where \(U_{initial}\) is the initial voltage value.

[0018] Preferably, gradually adjusting the conduction time of the power switch to the target value according to the dynamic regulation trajectory at a preset time before mode switching includes:

[0019] Set the preset preparation time Tp_prep before mode switching based on the dynamic adjustment trajectory U_traj(t).

[0020] Based on the Tp_prep and U_traj(t), calculate the voltage change rate per unit time Rate_U = (U_traj(Tp_prep) - U_traj(0)) / Tp_prep.

[0021] Use the Rate_U to determine the on-time increment Dt_on to be adjusted in each switching period Dt_on = (Rate_U * Tw) / U_bus; during the Tp_prep, gradually adjust the on-time of the power switch according to the Dt_on until the target value is reached.

[0022] Preferably, synchronously collect the peak value of the bus current during the adjustment period and calculate the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value, including:

[0023] During the process of gradually adjusting the on-time of the power switch, real-time monitor and record the peak value of the bus current I_peak through a current sensor.

[0024] Based on the I_peak and the preset target current value I_target, calculate the actual compensation amount per cycle Comp_real = I_peak - I_target.

[0025] Associate the Comp_real with the voltage change value D_U_cycle in the dynamic adjustment trajectory U_traj(t) and calculate the error value Err = Comp_real / (D_U_cycle / U_bus).

[0026] Preferably, correct the slope parameter of the dynamic adjustment trajectory according to the error, including:

[0027] Obtain the error value Err and determine the initially set slope of the dynamic adjustment trajectory S_init. Based on the Err and S_init, calculate the slope adjustment amount DS = Err * S_init.

[0028] Use the DS to update the slope of the dynamic adjustment trajectory, and the new slope S_new = S_init + DS.

[0029] Preferably, use the corrected dynamic adjustment trajectory to control the switch on-time sequence to keep the bus voltage change rate within a preset gradient threshold, including:

[0030] Obtain the corrected slope of the dynamic adjustment trajectory S_new and set the preset gradient threshold R_th of the bus voltage change rate.

[0031] Based on the S_new and R_th, calculate the maximum allowable voltage change D_U_max = R_thTw within each switching period;

[0032] Use the D_U_max to update the target voltage adjustment amount D_U_cycle_new = D_U_maxU_bus / U_target within each period;

[0033] In each switching period, dynamically adjust the on-time Ton of the power switch according to the D_U_cycle_new, i.e., Ton = Ton + D_U_cycle_new / S_new.

[0034] Preferably, after the switching, continuously monitor the output power fluctuation, and when the fluctuation amplitude of a preset number of consecutive sampling points is lower than the threshold, restore the initial control mode, including:

[0035] After the mode switching is completed, set a preset number Ns and a fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th, and start to periodically collect the output power P_out;

[0036] Based on the P_out, calculate the power change DP between each sampling point and the previous sampling point, i.e., DP = |P_out(t) - P_out(t - 1)|;

[0037] Statistically analyze all DP values among Ns consecutive sampling points, and calculate the average fluctuation amplitude Avg_DP = (1 / Ns)*∑_(i = 1)^NsDP(i);

[0038] Judge whether the Avg_DP is less than the fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th. If so, it is considered that the system has stabilized, and restore to the initial control mode.

[0039] On the other hand, the present invention proposes an intelligent in-vehicle power adapter control system, including:

[0040] A fluctuation range determination module, configured to execute real-time acquisition of bus voltage data and determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode;

[0041] A dynamic trajectory generation module, configured to execute calculation of the voltage regulation coefficient in the transition stage according to the difference between the allowable range and the bus voltage of the target mode, and associate the voltage regulation coefficient with a preset switching period to form a dynamic regulation trajectory;

[0042] A current compensation error calculation module, configured to execute gradually adjusting the on-time of the power switch to the target value according to the dynamic regulation trajectory at a preset time before mode switching, synchronously collect the peak bus current during the adjustment period, and calculate the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value;

[0043] A voltage change rate control module is used to execute the correction of the slope parameter of the dynamic adjustment trajectory according to the error, and use the corrected dynamic adjustment trajectory to control the switch conduction timing, so that the bus voltage change rate is maintained within a preset gradient threshold;

[0044] An initial mode recovery module is used to continuously monitor the output power fluctuation after the switch, and restore the initial control mode when the fluctuation amplitude of a continuous preset number of sampling points is lower than the threshold.

[0045] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The intelligent in-vehicle power adapter control system and method proposed by the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0046] By real-time monitoring and dynamically adjusting the bus voltage and current parameters, the present invention realizes the stability of voltage and current during mode switching, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the system; especially during the fast mode switching process, it can ensure that the voltage change rate is maintained within a preset safe range, greatly reducing the risk of power oscillation, enhancing the stability and security of the system; it can effectively reduce the power oscillation problem caused by the sudden change of the bus voltage during mode switching without significantly increasing the system complexity. Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a control method for an intelligent in-vehicle power adapter of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a block diagram of a control system for an intelligent in-vehicle power adapter of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0049] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The present invention provides as Figure 1An intelligent in-vehicle power adapter control method as shown realizes the stability of voltage and current during mode switching by real-time monitoring and dynamically adjusting the bus voltage and current parameters, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the system; especially during the fast mode switching process, it can ensure that the voltage change rate is maintained within a preset safe range, greatly reducing the risk of power oscillation and enhancing the stability and security of the system; it can effectively reduce the power oscillation problem caused by the sudden change of the bus voltage during mode switching without significantly increasing the system complexity.

[0051] Specifically, the intelligent in-vehicle power adapter control method in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Obtain the bus voltage data in real time and determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode; specifically including:

[0053] Use a high-precision voltage sensor to periodically read the bus voltage value of the in-vehicle power adapter, and set the reading interval as Ts (for example, read once every millisecond). This step ensures that the instantaneous change of the bus voltage can be captured, providing an accurate data basis for subsequent calculations. Based on the U_bus, calculate the average voltage value U_avg using the formula U_avg = (1 / N)∑_(i = 1)^N*U_bus(i), where N is the total number of samples; the calculated U_avg is used as the benchmark for determining the voltage fluctuation range in the subsequent steps, improving the accuracy of judging the voltage state of the system.

[0054] Determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range [U_min, U_max] according to the U_avg, where U_min = U_avg(1 - delta), U_max = U_avg*(1 + delta), and delta is the preset fluctuation percentage. These two formulas calculate the allowable minimum voltage (U_min) and maximum voltage (U_max) respectively. They are based on the average voltage value U_avg and consider a certain tolerance range (delta) to ensure that the voltage does not exceed the safety limit under normal operating conditions.

[0055] Embodiment 1

[0056] Assume that the total number of samples N is set to 100, the reading interval Ts is 1 ms, and a series of U_bus values are obtained after a period of acquisition.

[0057] First, the average voltage value U_avg is calculated using the formula U_avg = (1 / 100)∑_(i = 1)^100*U_bus(i). Then, assuming the preset fluctuation percentage delta is 0.05 (i.e., 5%), the formulas U_min = U_avg(1 - 0.05) and U_max = U_avg*(1 + 0.05) are used to determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range. In this way, a specific voltage fluctuation range [U_min, U_max] is obtained for monitoring and ensuring the stable operation of the on-vehicle power adapter.

[0058] Step 2: Calculate the voltage regulation coefficient in the transition stage according to the difference between the allowable range and the target mode bus voltage; specifically including:

[0059] Obtain the allowable voltage fluctuation range [U_min, U_max], and record the bus voltage U_target in the target mode; based on U_min, U_max, and U_target, calculate the voltage difference D_U = U_target - (U_min + U_max) / 2 to quantify the voltage gap between the current mode and the target mode; here (U_min + U_max) / 2 represents the center point of the voltage in the current mode, and D_U represents the difference between the target voltage and the center point of the current mode voltage.

[0060] Use the D_U to calculate the voltage regulation coefficient K_reg using the formula K_reg = (D_U^2) / (U_target*abs(D_U)+1); abs(D_U) represents the absolute value of D_U. This formula is used to calculate a regulation coefficient K_reg based on the voltage difference D_U, which takes into account the influence of the target voltage and avoids division by zero errors through the addition of 1 in the denominator. This coefficient will be used in subsequent steps to combine with other parameters to form the final regulation coefficient.

[0061] Multiply the K_reg by the preset basic regulation parameter P_base to obtain the final voltage regulation coefficient K_final = K_reg*P_base. This step further refines the voltage regulation strategy by combining a specific basic regulation parameter P_base (which can be adjusted according to the specific application scenario) to ensure its flexibility and stability.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Suppose there is an allowable voltage fluctuation range [U_min, U_max] = [10V, 14V], and the bus voltage U_target in the target mode is 15V.

[0064] First, use the formula:

[0065] The voltage difference \(D_U\) is calculated as \(D_U = U_{target}-(U_{min} + U_{max}) / 2=15-(10 + 14) / 2 = 15 - 12 = 3V\).

[0066] Then, based on the value of \(D_U\), the formula:

[0067] \(K_{reg}=(D_U^2) / (U_{target}\times abs(D_U)+1)=(3^2) / (15\times3 + 1)=9 / 46 = 0.196\) is used to calculate the voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{reg}\).

[0068] Finally, if the preset base regulation parameter \(P_{base}\) is 10, then the final voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final}=K_{reg}\times P_{base}=0.196\times10 = 1.96\). In this way, the voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final}\) applicable to the transition stage is obtained, ensuring a smooth switch from the current mode to the target mode.

[0069] Step 3: Associate the voltage regulation coefficient with a preset switching period to form a dynamic regulation trajectory; specifically including:

[0070] Obtain the final voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final}\), and determine the preset switching period \(T_w\) (for example, one switching period every 50 microseconds). Based on \(K_{final}\) and \(T_w\), calculate the ideal voltage adjustment amount per period \(D_U_{cycle}=K_{final} / T_w\); here \(K_{final}\) is the voltage regulation coefficient obtained in Step 2. This formula calculates the voltage value that needs to be adjusted in each period by dividing the voltage regulation coefficient by the switching period, ensuring smooth and continuous voltage changes throughout the conversion process.

[0071] Use \(D_U_{cycle}\) to construct a dynamic regulation trajectory \(U_{traj}(t)\) that changes with time. The formula is \(U_{traj}(t)=U_{initial}+\sum_{i = 1}^t D_U_{cycle}\), where \(U_{initial}\) is the initial voltage value. \(U_{initial}\) represents the initial voltage value, and \(t\) represents the number of cycles since the start of the mode switch. This formula gradually constructs a voltage trajectory that changes with time by accumulating the voltage adjustment amounts in each period, enabling the voltage to gradually approach the target voltage value along a predetermined path.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] Suppose the final voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final} = 1.96\) and the preset switching period \(T_w\) is \(50\) microseconds. First, use the formula \(D_{U_{cycle}}=K_{final} / T_w = 1.96 / (50\times10^{-6}) = 39200V / s\) to calculate the ideal voltage adjustment amount \(D_{U_{cycle}}\) per cycle. This means that the voltage should be adjusted by \(39.2\) millivolts every \(50\) microseconds.

[0074] Next, construct the dynamic regulation trajectory \(U_{traj}(t)\) that changes with time. Assume the initial voltage \(U_{initial}\) is \(12V\). After the first cycle, \(U_{traj}(1)=U_{initial}+D_{U_{cycle}}T_w = 12 + 39.2\times0.05=12.00392V\). Continuing this process, for the \(n\)th cycle, \(U_{traj}(n)=U_{initial}+\sum_{i = 1}^{n}D_{U_{cycle}}\times T_w\). In this way, over time, the voltage will gradually approach the target voltage value, ensuring a smooth transition of the voltage throughout the conversion process.

[0075] Through the above steps, not only the ideal voltage adjustment amount per switching cycle is calculated, but also a dynamic regulation trajectory that changes with time is constructed, thus achieving a smooth transition of the voltage and enhancing the stability and response speed of the system.

[0076] Step Four: Gradually adjust the conduction time of the power switch to the target value according to the dynamic regulation trajectory at a preset time before mode switching; specifically including:

[0077] Set the preset preparation time \(T_{p_{prep}}\) before mode switching based on the dynamic regulation trajectory \(U_{traj}(t)\) (for example, set it to \(5\) milliseconds); this time period is used for necessary voltage adjustment before the actual mode switching to ensure a smooth transition.

[0078] Based on the \(T_{p_{prep}}\) and \(U_{traj}(t)\), calculate the voltage change rate per unit time \(Rate_U=(U_{traj}(T_{p_{prep}})-U_{traj}(0)) / T_{p_{prep}}\); \(U_{traj}(T_{p_{prep}})\) is the voltage value at the end of the preset preparation time, and \(U_{traj}(0)\) is the voltage value at the start. This formula calculates the change rate from the current voltage value to the target voltage value, helping to understand how the voltage should change throughout the preset preparation time to achieve a smooth transition.

[0079] Determine the conduction time increment Dt_on to be adjusted in each switching period using the Rate_U: Dt_on = (Rate_U * Tw) / U_bus; during the Tp_prep period, gradually adjust the conduction time of the power switch according to the Dt_on until the target value is reached, where U_bus represents the current bus voltage value. This formula calculates the conduction time increment to be adjusted in each switching period by combining the voltage change rate and the switching period, thereby achieving fine control of the voltage.

[0080] Embodiment 4

[0081] Suppose there is a preset preparation time Tp_prep of 5 milliseconds, an initial voltage U_initial of 12V, and a target voltage U_target of 15V.

[0082] First, construct the dynamic adjustment trajectory U_traj(t), and calculate U_traj(0) = 12V and U_traj(5ms) = 15V.

[0083] Next, use the formula:

[0084] Rate_U = (U_traj(Tp_prep) - U_traj(0)) / Tp_prep = (15 - 12) / (5 * 10^-3) = 600V / s to calculate the voltage change rate Rate_U per unit time.

[0085] Next, assume that the switching period Tw is 50 microseconds and the current bus voltage U_bus is 12V. Then use the formula Dt_on = (Rate_U * Tw) / U_bus = (600 * 50 * 10^-6) / 12 = 0.0025 seconds (i.e., 2.5 milliseconds) to calculate the conduction time increment Dt_on to be adjusted in each switching period.

[0086] Finally, within the 5-millisecond preset preparation time, gradually adjust the conduction time of the power switch according to the calculated Dt_on. For example, after the first cycle, the conduction time will increase by 2.5 milliseconds, and the voltage will be adjusted accordingly. Repeat this process until the voltage gradually approaches the target value of 15V. By this method, a smooth transition of the voltage can be achieved, reducing the fluctuations that may occur during mode switching and improving the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0087] Step Five: Synchronously collect the peak bus current during the adjustment period and calculate the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value; specifically including:

[0088] During the process of gradually adjusting the conduction time of the power switch, the peak bus current I_peak is monitored and recorded in real time through a current sensor; this step ensures that the maximum current fluctuations can be captured, providing accurate data for subsequent calculations.

[0089] Based on the I_peak and a preset target current value I_target, calculate the actual compensation amount Comp_real per cycle as Comp_real = I_peak - I_target; here, I_peak is the peak bus current obtained from the previous step, and I_target is the preset target current value. This formula is used to quantify the difference between the actual current peak and the target current value, helping to evaluate whether the current state of the system deviates from the expectation, thereby providing a basis for subsequent adjustments.

[0090] Associate the Comp_real with the voltage change value D_U_cycle in the dynamic adjustment trajectory U_traj(t), and calculate the error value Err = Comp_real / (D_U_cycle / U_bus). This formula calculates a comprehensive error value Err by associating the actual compensation amount with the voltage change value, which reflects the proportional relationship between the current compensation demand and the voltage change.

[0091] Example 5

[0092] Suppose the target current value I_target is 10 A, and the peak bus current I_peak monitored in a certain cycle is 11 A. First, use the formula Comp_real = I_peak - I_target = 11 - 10 = 1 A to calculate the actual compensation amount Comp_real.

[0093] Next, assume that the voltage change value D_U_cycle obtained from step three is 39.2 millivolts (i.e., the amount by which the voltage should be adjusted in each switching cycle), and the current bus voltage U_bus is 12 V. Then use the formula Err = Comp_real / (D_U_cycle / U_bus) = 1 / (39.2 * 10^-3 / 12) = 1 / (0.003267) = 306.12 to calculate the error value Err.

[0094] Through this overall example, it can be seen how to compare the actually measured current peak with the target current value, calculate the actual compensation amount, and associate it with the voltage change value, and finally obtain the error value. This process not only helps to understand the specific impact of current fluctuations on voltage adjustment but also provides the direction and amplitude of the adjustment.

[0095] Step Six: Correct the slope parameter of the dynamic adjustment trajectory according to the error; specifically including:

[0096] Obtain the error value Err, and determine the initially set slope S_init of the dynamic adjustment trajectory. For example, assume that the initially set slope is S_init = 0.5 (the ratio of the voltage adjustment amount per cycle to time).

[0097] Based on the Err and S_init, calculate the slope adjustment amount DS = Err * S_init; here Err is the error value obtained from the previous step, and S_init is the dynamically adjustable trajectory slope set initially. This formula calculates a slope increment DS that needs to be adjusted by multiplying the error value by the initial slope. This helps to quantify the degree of influence of the error on the original adjustable trajectory slope, enabling dynamic adjustment according to the actual operating conditions.

[0098] Use the DS to update the slope of the dynamically adjustable trajectory, and the new slope S_new = S_init + DS. Here S_new represents the updated slope value, which reflects the slope adjusted according to the current error. This formula obtains a new slope value by adding the slope adjustment amount to the original slope, which is used to construct a dynamically adjustable trajectory that better conforms to the actual situation, thereby achieving more precise voltage control.

[0099] Embodiment 6

[0100] Suppose the error value Err is 306.12 (obtained from step five), and the initially set dynamically adjustable trajectory slope S_init is 0.5. First, use the formula DS = Err * S_init = 306.12 * 0.5 = 153.06 to calculate the slope adjustment amount DS.

[0101] Next, use the formula S_new = S_init + DS = 0.5 + 153.06 = 153.56 to update the slope of the dynamically adjustable trajectory. This means that the new slope S_new is 153.56, which has been significantly adjusted compared to the initial slope.

[0102] Through this overall embodiment, it can be seen how to calculate the slope change amount that needs to be adjusted according to the error value and apply it to the slope update of the dynamically adjustable trajectory. This process not only helps to dynamically adjust the slope of the adjustable trajectory according to the error monitored in real time, but also ensures that the voltage can smoothly transition along the optimized path during the entire conversion process, improving the stability and efficiency of the system. Specifically, by adjusting the slope parameter, the system can respond more quickly to the influence of current fluctuations and ensure that the voltage remains stable and smooth during mode switching.

[0103] Step 7: Use the corrected dynamically adjustable trajectory to control the switch conduction timing so that the rate of change of the bus voltage is maintained within a preset gradient threshold; specifically including:

[0104] Obtain the corrected dynamically adjustable trajectory slope S_new (such as 153.56), and set a preset gradient threshold R_th of the rate of change of the bus voltage (such as 2 volts per second);

[0105] Based on the S_new and R_th, calculate the maximum allowable voltage change D_U_max = R_thTw within each switching period; here, R_th is the preset gradient threshold of the bus voltage change rate, and Tw is the switching period (e.g., 50 microseconds). This formula calculates the maximum allowable voltage change within each period by multiplying the preset voltage change rate by the switching period, ensuring that the voltage change rate does not exceed the set safe range.

[0106] Use the D_U_max to update the target voltage adjustment amount D_U_cycle_new = D_U_maxU_bus / U_target within each period; this formula calculates the new target voltage adjustment amount by combining the maximum allowable voltage change with the ratio of the current bus voltage and the target voltage, enabling the voltage to gradually approach the target value within each period.

[0107] In each switching period, dynamically adjust the on-time Ton of the power switch according to the D_U_cycle_new, Ton = Ton + D_U_cycle_new / S_new. This formula calculates the on-time increment to be adjusted by accumulating the target voltage adjustment amount within each period and dividing it by the corrected slope S_new, thereby achieving fine control of the voltage.

[0108] Embodiment 7

[0109] Suppose the corrected dynamic adjustment trajectory slope S_new is 153.56, the preset gradient threshold of the bus voltage change rate R_th is 2 V / s, the switching period Tw is 50 microseconds, the current bus voltage U_bus is 12 V, and the target voltage U_target is 15 V.

[0110] First, use the formula D_U_max = R_thTw = 2(50 * 10^-6) = 0.0001 V to calculate the maximum allowable voltage change D_U_max within each switching period.

[0111] Next, use the formula:

[0112] D_U_cycle_new = D_U_maxU_bus / U_target = 0.0001×12 / 15 = 0.00008 V to update the target voltage adjustment amount D_U_cycle_new within each period.

[0113] Finally, in each switching cycle, the conduction time of the power switch is dynamically adjusted using the formula Ton = Ton + D_U_cycle_new / S_new. Assuming the initial conduction time is Ton = 0, the conduction time after the first cycle is Ton = 0 + 0.00008 / 153.56 = 5.21 * 10^-7 seconds.

[0114] Through this overall embodiment, it can be seen how to calculate the maximum voltage change amount within each cycle based on the corrected slope parameter and the preset voltage change rate gradient threshold, and further calculate the target voltage adjustment amount, and finally dynamically adjust the conduction time of the power switch. This process not only helps ensure that the voltage change rate is within a safe range, but also achieves a smooth transition of the voltage, improving the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0115] Step Eight: Continuously monitor the output power fluctuation after the switch, and restore the initial control mode when the fluctuation amplitude of a continuous preset number of sampling points is lower than the threshold; specifically including:

[0116] After the mode switch is completed, set a preset number Ns (for example, 10 consecutive sampling points) and a fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th (for example, 0.5 watt), and start periodically collecting the output power P_out; by setting a reasonable sampling number and fluctuation amplitude threshold, the stability of the system can be effectively monitored after the mode switch to ensure that the system returns to the initial control mode after reaching the expected stable state.

[0117] Calculate the power change DP = |P_out(t) - P_out(t - 1)| between each sampling point and the previous sampling point based on the P_out; here, P_out(t) represents the output power of the current sampling point, and P_out(t - 1) represents the output power of the previous sampling point. This formula quantifies the power change by calculating the absolute difference in output power between two adjacent sampling points, helping to evaluate whether the system is tending to be stable.

[0118] Statistically sum all DP values among Ns consecutive sampling points, and calculate the average fluctuation amplitude Avg_DP = (1 / Ns) * ∑_(i = 1)^Ns DP(i); here, Ns is the preset number of sampling points, and DP(i) is the power change value of the i-th sampling point. This formula provides an index to measure the overall fluctuation degree of the system by averaging the power change values of multiple sampling points, helping to determine whether the system has reached a stable state.

[0119] Determine whether the Avg_DP is less than the fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th. If so, it is considered that the system has stabilized and returns to the initial control mode. If Avg_DP is less than A_th, it is considered that the system has stabilized and can return to the initial control mode; otherwise, continue to maintain the current monitoring state until the condition is met. This step determines whether to restore the initial control mode by comparing the average fluctuation amplitude with the threshold, ensuring that the system resumes normal operation when it is completely stable and avoiding instability problems caused by premature restoration.

[0120] Embodiment 8

[0121] Assume that the preset number Ns is 10 consecutive sampling points, and the fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th is 0.5 watt. First, periodically collect the output power P_out to obtain the following set of sample data:

[0122] P_out(1) = 10W, P_out(2) = 10.1W, P_out(3) = 9.9W, P_out(4) = 10W, P_out(5)

[0123] = 10.2W;

[0124] P_out(6) = 10.1W, P_out(7) = 10W, P_out(8) = 9.9W, P_out(9) = 10.1W, P_out(10) = 10W;

[0125] Next, use the formula DP = |P_out(t) - P_out(t - 1)| to calculate the power change between each sampling point:

[0126] DP(2) = |10.1 - 10| = 0.1W, DP(3) = |9.9 - 10.1| = 0.2W, DP(4) = |10 - 9.9| = 0.1W;

[0127] DP(5) = |10.2 - 10| = 0.2W, DP(6) = |10.1 - 10.2| = 0.1W, DP(7) = |10 - 10.1| = 0.1W;

[0128] DP(8) = |9.9 - 10| = 0.1W, DP(9) = |10.1 - 9.9| = 0.2W, DP(10) = |10 - 10.1| = 0.1W.

[0129] Then, use the formula Avg_DP = (1 / Ns) * ∑_(i = 1)^Ns DP(i) to calculate the average fluctuation amplitude:

[0130] Avg_DP = (0.1 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.1) / 10 = 0.12 W.

[0131] Finally, compare Avg_DP with the fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th. Since 0.12 W < 0.5 W, the system is considered to have stabilized and can be restored to the initial control mode.

[0132] Through this embodiment, it can be seen how to monitor the output power fluctuation in real time after mode switching, calculate the power change between each sampling point, and determine the stability of the system by calculating the average fluctuation amplitude. This process not only helps ensure that the system resumes the initial control mode after being completely stable, but also improves the reliability and safety of the system. Specifically, through dynamic adjustment and monitoring, the system can quickly reach a stable state after mode switching, reducing unnecessary fluctuations and potential risks.

[0133] On the other hand, the present invention proposes an intelligent in-vehicle power adapter control system, as Figure 2 shown, including:

[0134] A fluctuation range determination module for performing real-time acquisition of bus voltage data and determining the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode;

[0135] A dynamic trajectory generation module for performing calculation of the voltage regulation coefficient in the transition stage according to the difference between the allowable range and the bus voltage of the target mode, and associating the voltage regulation coefficient with a preset switching period to form a dynamic regulation trajectory;

[0136] A current compensation error calculation module for performing gradual adjustment of the conduction time of the power switch to the target value according to the dynamic regulation trajectory at a preset time before mode switching, synchronously collecting the peak value of the bus current during the adjustment period, and calculating the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value;

[0137] A voltage change rate control module for performing correction of the slope parameter of the dynamic regulation trajectory according to the error, and using the corrected dynamic regulation trajectory to control the switch conduction timing to keep the bus voltage change rate within a preset gradient threshold;

[0138] An initial mode restoration module for performing continuous monitoring of the output power fluctuation after switching, and restoring the initial control mode when the fluctuation amplitude of a continuous preset number of sampling points is lower than the threshold.

[0139] In addition, each of the above modules is also used to implement other steps of the above-mentioned intelligent in-vehicle power adapter control method when executed, which will not be elaborated one by one here.

[0140] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent vehicle power adapter control method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Obtain bus voltage data in real time and determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode; Calculate the voltage regulation coefficient in the transition stage according to the difference between the allowable range and the bus voltage of the target mode, and associate the voltage regulation coefficient with the preset switching period to form a dynamic regulation trajectory; Gradually adjust the conduction time of the power switch to the target value according to the dynamic regulation trajectory at a preset time before mode switching, synchronously collect the peak value of the bus current during the adjustment period, and calculate the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value; Correct the slope parameter of the dynamic regulation trajectory according to the error, and use the corrected dynamic regulation trajectory to control the switch conduction timing to keep the bus voltage change rate within the preset gradient threshold; Continuously monitor the output power fluctuation after switching, and restore the initial control mode when the fluctuation amplitude of consecutive preset number of sampling points is lower than the threshold; 2. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 1, wherein: The obtaining bus voltage data in real time and determining the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode includes: Read the bus voltage value \(U_{bus}\) through a voltage sensor, and calculate the average voltage value \(U_{avg}\) based on the \(U_{bus}\) using the formula \(U_{avg}=(1 / N)\sum_{i = 1}^{N}U_{bus}(i)\), where \(N\) is the total number of samples; Determine the allowable voltage fluctuation range \([U_{min},U_{max}]\) according to the \(U_{avg}\), where \(U_{min}=U_{avg}(1 - \delta)\), \(U_{max}=U_{avg}(1+\delta)\), and \(\delta\) is the preset fluctuation percentage; 3. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 2, wherein: The calculating the voltage regulation coefficient in the transition stage according to the difference between the allowable range and the bus voltage of the target mode includes: Obtain the allowable voltage fluctuation range \([U_{min},U_{max}]\), and record the bus voltage \(U_{target}\) in the target mode; Based on the \(U_{min}\), \(U_{max}\) and \(U_{target}\), calculate the voltage difference \(D_U = U_{target}-(U_{min}+U_{max}) / 2\) to quantify the voltage gap between the current mode and the target mode; Calculate the voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{reg}\) using the formula \(K_{reg}=(D_U^2) / (U_{target}|D_U| + 1)\) with the \(D_U\); Multiply the \(K_{reg}\) by the preset basic regulation parameter \(P_{base}\) to get the final voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final}=K_{reg}P_{base}\); 4. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 3, wherein: The associating the voltage regulation coefficient with the preset switching period to form a dynamic regulation trajectory includes: Obtain the final voltage regulation coefficient \(K_{final}\), and determine the preset switching period \(T_w\). Based on the \(K_{final}\) and \(T_w\), calculate the ideal voltage adjustment amount per period \(D_U_{cycle}=K_{final} / T_w\); Use the \(D_U_{cycle}\) to construct a dynamic regulation trajectory \(U_{traj}(t)\) that changes with time, and the formula is \(U_{traj}(t)=U_{initial}+\sum_{i = 1}^{t}D_U_{cycle}\), where \(U_{initial}\) is the initial voltage value.

5. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 4, wherein: Before the mode switch, presetting a time according to the dynamic adjustment trajectory and gradually adjusting the conduction time of the power switch to a target value includes: Based on the dynamic adjustment trajectory U_traj(t), setting a preset preparation time Tp_prep before the mode switch; Based on the Tp_prep and U_traj(t), calculating the voltage change rate per unit time Rate_U = (U_traj(Tp_prep) - U_traj(0)) / Tp_prep; Using the Rate_U to determine the conduction time increment Dt_on to be adjusted in each switching period Dt_on = (Rate_U * Tw) / U_bus; during the Tp_prep, gradually adjusting the conduction time of the power switch according to the Dt_on until the target value is reached.

6. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 5, wherein: Synchronously collecting the peak value of the bus current during the adjustment period and calculating the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value includes: During the process of gradually adjusting the conduction time of the power switch, the peak value of the bus current I_peak is monitored and recorded in real time through a current sensor; Based on the I_peak and the preset target current value I_target, calculating the actual compensation amount per cycle Comp_real = I_peak - I_target; Associating the Comp_real with the voltage change value D_U_cycle in the dynamic adjustment trajectory U_traj(t) and calculating the error value Err = Comp_real / (D_U_cycle / U_bus).

7. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 6, wherein: Correcting the slope parameter of the dynamic adjustment trajectory according to the error includes: Obtaining the error value Err and determining the initially set slope S_init of the dynamic adjustment trajectory. Based on the Err and S_init, calculating the slope adjustment amount DS = Err * S_init; Using the DS to update the slope of the dynamic adjustment trajectory, and the new slope S_new = S_init + DS.

8. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Using the corrected dynamic adjustment trajectory to control the switch conduction timing so that the bus voltage change rate is maintained within a preset gradient threshold includes: Obtaining the corrected slope S_new of the dynamic adjustment trajectory and setting a preset gradient threshold R_th of the bus voltage change rate; Based on the S_new and R_th, calculating the maximum allowable voltage change amount D_U_max per switching period D_U_max = R_th * Tw; Using the D_U_max to update the target voltage adjustment amount per cycle D_U_cycle_new = D_U_max * U_bus / U_target; In each switching period, dynamically adjusting the conduction time of the power switch Ton = Ton + D_U_cycle_new / S_new according to the D_U_cycle_new.

9. The intelligent vehicle power adapter control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the switch, continuously monitoring the output power fluctuation, and restoring the initial control mode when the fluctuation amplitude of a continuous preset number of sampling points is lower than the threshold includes: After the mode switch is completed, setting a preset number Ns and a fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th, and starting to periodically collect the output power P_out; Calculate the power change DP between each sampling point and the previous sampling point based on the P_out, where DP = |P_out(t) - P_out(t - 1)|; Statistically analyze all DP values among Ns consecutive sampling points, and calculate the average fluctuation amplitude of these values, Avg_DP = (1 / Ns) * ∑_(i = 1)^Ns DP(i); Determine whether the Avg_DP is less than the fluctuation amplitude threshold A_th. If so, it is considered that the system has stabilized and return to the initial control mode.

10. An intelligent vehicle power adapter control system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes: A fluctuation range determination module for executing real-time acquisition of bus voltage data and determining the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the current mode; A dynamic trajectory generation module for executing calculation of the voltage regulation coefficient in the transition stage based on the difference between the allowable range and the bus voltage of the target mode, and associating the voltage regulation coefficient with a preset switching period to form a dynamic regulation trajectory; A current compensation error calculation module for executing gradually adjusting the conduction time of the power switch to the target value according to the dynamic regulation trajectory at a preset time before mode switching, synchronously collecting the peak value of the bus current during the adjustment period, and calculating the error between the actual compensation amount and the target value; A voltage change rate control module for executing correcting the slope parameter of the dynamic regulation trajectory according to the error, and using the corrected dynamic regulation trajectory to control the switch conduction timing sequence to keep the bus voltage change rate within a preset gradient threshold; An initial mode restoration module for executing continuously monitoring the output power fluctuation after switching, and restoring the initial control mode when the fluctuation amplitude is lower than the threshold for a preset number of consecutive sampling points.

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