Water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, in particular to a water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method and application thereof. The phase change coolant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30-40% of a phase change coolant, 15-25% of a free radical trapping agent, 10-20% of a gas phase inhibitor, 1-8% of a corrosion inhibitor, 5-20% of a propellant and 1-8% of a functional additive, the functional auxiliary agent comprises a siloxane compound. By adding the phase change coolant, the free radical trapping agent and the gas phase inhibitor, the fire extinguishing efficiency can be improved while the environmental protection performance is kept; and the functional auxiliary agent comprises a siloxane compound, and the siloxane compound is limited to comprise polyether modified siloxane, so that the stability of the fire extinguishing agent can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and in particular, to an aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the popular application of lithium-ion batteries in the new energy field, the combustion accidents caused by them show a high incidence, posing a significant challenge to public safety. Due to the use of highly active electrode materials and flammable electrolyte systems, such batteries are extremely prone to thermal runaway under complex working conditions. Their combustion process is characterized by strong suddenness and rapid spread, and is accompanied by intense deflagration and the release of toxic smoke. Conventional fire-fighting agents have shown significant defects in dealing with such fires. The current technical bottlenecks are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, there is a lack of special fire extinguishing agents for the high-temperature decomposition characteristics of lithium batteries; second, it is difficult for existing agents to penetrate the battery shell barrier to achieve internal cooling; third, it is difficult to balance environmental protection performance and fire extinguishing efficiency. Therefore, developing a composite fire extinguishing system with the characteristics of rapid heat absorption, chemical inhibition, and environmental friendliness has become the key breakthrough direction for improving the safety of electrochemical energy storage.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application CN 110368631A discloses a lithium-ion battery foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, which uses traditional fluorocarbon surfactants as foaming agents for aqueous film-forming, has certain environmental pollution problems, and reduces the temperature by the principle of heat absorption and gasification of dodecafluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone. The cooling rate difference is large, and the performance of isolating oxygen is weak. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent, and by weight percentage, the components include: 30-40% of a phase change coolant, 15-25% of a radical scavenger, 10-20% of a gas-phase inhibitor, 1-8% of a corrosion inhibitor, 5-20% of a propellant, and 1-8% of a functional auxiliary agent.

[0005] Optionally, by weight percentage, the components include: 32-40% of a phase change coolant, 16-23% of a radical scavenger, 12-18% of a gas-phase inhibitor, 3-8% of a corrosion inhibitor, 5-15% of a propellant, and 1-5% of a functional auxiliary agent.

[0006] It is found in the research of the present invention that by adding a phase change coolant, a free radical scavenger and a gas-phase inhibitor, the fire extinguishing efficiency can be improved while maintaining the environmental performance. When the three are combined, the phase change coolant rapidly reduces the local temperature by endothermic phase change, the free radical scavenger absorbs heat by decomposition, and the gas-phase inhibitor further blocks combustion by endothermic gasification and chemical inhibition. Further research finds that the functional auxiliary includes siloxane compounds, and it is defined that the siloxane compounds include polyether-modified siloxanes, which can effectively improve the stability of the fire extinguishing agent, probably by adsorbing on the surface of the phase change coolant, free radical scavenger and gas-phase inhibitor particles to form a steric hindrance layer, inhibiting particle aggregation or sedimentation.

[0007] Optionally, the functional auxiliary includes siloxane compounds.

[0008] Optionally, the siloxane compounds include polyether-modified siloxanes.

[0009] Optionally, the polyether-modified siloxane includes at least one of the following grades: BYK-345, BYK-346, BYK-3455, BYK-3456, BYK-3400, TEGO Wet 270, TEGOPREN 5840, TEGOPREN 6924, KF-351A, KF-354L.

[0010] The phase change coolant includes at least one of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

[0011] Optionally, the phase change coolant includes disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate.

[0012] The gas-phase inhibitor includes at least one of dimethyl carbonate and perfluoropolyether.

[0013] Optionally, the gas-phase inhibitor includes perfluoropolyether.

[0014] The component further includes a filler, and the content of the filler in the component is 1-5 wt%.

[0015] Optionally, the content of the filler in the component is 1-3 wt%.

[0016] The filler includes at least one of hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silicon carbide.

[0017] The free radical scavenger includes at least one of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate, and magnesium carbonate.

[0018] The D50 particle size of the free radical scavenger is less than 5 microns.

[0019] Optionally, the D50 particle size of the free radical scavenger is 1-3 microns.

[0020] Optionally, the radical scavenger includes magnesium hydroxide with a D50 particle size of 2 microns, purchased from ICL-IP of Israel, grade: FR-20.

[0021] The weight ratio of the phase change coolant, radical scavenger and gas-phase inhibitor is 35:(16 - 23):(12 - 18).

[0022] Optionally, the weight ratio of the phase change coolant, radical scavenger and gas-phase inhibitor is 35:(18 - 22):(12 - 16).

[0023] The propellant is an inert gas.

[0024] Optionally, the inert gas is nitrogen.

[0025] The functional adjuvant further includes a thickener and a thixotropic agent.

[0026] The thickener includes at least one of gum arabic, xanthan gum, guar gum, and sodium alginate.

[0027] The thixotropic agent includes at least one of attapulgite, bentonite, and fumed silica.

[0028] Optionally, the weight ratio of the siloxane compound, thickener and thixotropic agent is (1 - 2):(0.2 - 0.8):1.

[0029] The corrosion inhibitor includes plant-derived organic phosphides.

[0030] Optionally, the organic phosphide includes inositol hexaphosphate.

[0031] The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of an aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent, including the following steps: adding a phase change coolant, a radical scavenger, and a corrosion inhibitor into water for ball milling, adding the remaining components except the propellant, and after high-pressure homogenization, adding the propellant for filling.

[0032] The pressure of the high-pressure homogenization is 40 - 60 MPa.

[0033] The fineness of the ball milling is less than 10 microns.

[0034] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of the aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent, which is applied to the preparation of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, the material filling of thermal runaway trigger injection devices, or the material filling of fire extinguishers.

[0035] Beneficial effects

[0036] 1. By adding a phase change coolant, a radical scavenger and a gas-phase inhibitor, the fire extinguishing efficiency can be improved while maintaining the environmental protection performance.

[0037] 2. The functional auxiliary agent includes siloxane compounds, and it is defined that the siloxane compounds include polyether-modified siloxanes, which can effectively improve the stability of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0038] 3. The component further includes a filler, and the content of the filler in the component is 1-5 wt%, which can further enhance the heat conduction inhibition ability of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0039] 4. The phase change coolant includes at least one of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, which can further improve the cooling efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0040] 5. The gas-phase inhibitor includes at least one of dimethyl carbonate and perfluoropolyether, which can further enhance the heat resistance of the fire extinguishing agent. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] Example 1

[0042] An aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent, by weight percentage, the components include: 40% of phase change coolant (disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate), 25% of free radical scavenger (magnesium hydroxide, D50 particle size is 2 microns, purchased from ICL-IP Company, Israel, brand: FR-20), 17% of gas-phase inhibitor (dimethyl carbonate), 5% of corrosion inhibitor (inositol hexaphosphate), 10% of propellant (nitrogen), and 3% of functional auxiliary agent. The functional auxiliary agent is a siloxane compound (BYK-345), a thickening agent (xanthan gum), and a thixotropic agent (nano-silica), and the weight ratio of the siloxane compound, thickening agent, and thixotropic agent is 1.5:0.5:1. Among them, the manufacturer model of xanthan gum and nano-silica is not limited.

[0043] A preparation method of an aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: adding the phase change coolant, free radical scavenger, and corrosion inhibitor into water for ball milling until the fineness reaches 10 microns, adding the remaining components except the propellant, performing high-pressure homogenization at 50 MPa, and then adding the propellant for filling.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The detailed implementation manner is the same as that of Example 1; the difference is that in Example 2, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is used to replace disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] The detailed implementation manner is the same as that of Example 1; the difference is that in Example 3, the content of the phase change coolant is adjusted to 35 wt%, and 2 wt% of filler (hexagonal boron nitride, Momentive PTX60) is additionally added.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] The specific implementation is the same as that of Example 1; the difference is that in Example 4, perfluoropolyether is used to replace dimethyl carbonate.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] The specific implementation is the same as that of Example 1; the difference is that in Comparative Example 1, a fluorocarbon surfactant is used to replace the siloxane compound.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] The specific implementation is the same as that of Example 1; the difference is that in Comparative Example 2, no radical scavenger is added.

[0054] Performance Test Method

[0055] The fire extinguishing agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests, and the test data are listed in Table 1.

[0056] Fire extinguishing efficiency: After filling the fire extinguishing agent, equip it with an ultra-fine atomizing nozzle, with a spraying distance of 30 cm, and select a 21700-type ternary lithium battery open flame (SOC 100%) for testing. Record the open flame extinguishing time and the surface temperature drop rate of the battery.

[0057] Environmental protection characteristics: Take the fire extinguishing agent respectively for biodegradation rate (refer to OECD 301B) and fish acute toxicity LC50 (median lethal concentration) (refer to OECD 203) tests.

[0058] Electrical safety: Take the fire extinguishing agent respectively for volume resistivity and corrosion rate tests (refer to GB / T10125).

[0059] Performance Test Data

[0060] Table 1

[0061]

Claims

1. An aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the components include: 30-40% of a phase change coolant, 15-25% of a radical scavenger, 10-20% of a gas-phase inhibitor, 1-8% of a corrosion inhibitor, 5-20% of a propellant, and 1-8% of a functional additive; the functional additive includes a siloxane compound.

2. The water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein, The phase change coolant includes at least one of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.

3. The water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein The gas-phase inhibitor includes at least one of dimethyl carbonate and perfluoropolyether.

4. The water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein, The components further include a filler, and the content of the filler in the components is 1-5 wt%.

5. The water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 4, wherein, The filler includes at least one of hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silicon carbide.

6. The water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein, The radical scavenger includes at least one of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate, and magnesium carbonate.

7. The aqueous new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, wherein, The D50 particle size of the radical scavenger is less than 5 microns.

8. The water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein The weight ratio of the phase change coolant, the radical scavenger, and the gas-phase inhibitor is 35:(16-23):(12-18).

9. A preparation method of the water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Adding the phase change coolant, the radical scavenger, and the corrosion inhibitor into water for ball milling, then adding the gas-phase inhibitor and the functional additive, and after high-pressure homogenization, adding the propellant for filling.

10. The application of the water-based new energy battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is applied to the preparation of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, the material filling of thermal runaway trigger injection devices, or the material filling in fire extinguishers.

Images