Tool and V-shaped groove component abrasion finite element accumulation analysis method thereof

Abstract

The tool is provided with the V-shaped groove component, a check block is installed at one end of a V-shaped groove of the V-shaped groove component, and a flat position positioning block is installed at the other end of the V-shaped groove of the V-shaped groove component; an axial positioning screw rotationally mounted on the stop block is propped against the shaft end face of the shaft part and is used for axially positioning the shaft parts with different lengths; the inclination angle alpha of a flat positioning slope on the upper end face of the flat positioning block is equal to the included angle between a key groove of the shaft part and the flat position, and the flat positioning slope is in contact with and attached to the flat position of the shaft part; a pressing plate arranged on the V-shaped groove component applies force from the side face to gradually press the shaft type part downwards, and the part is pressed and fixed to the V-shaped groove. The bottom of the outer side of the V-shaped groove component is elastically connected with the edge of the outer side of the pressing plate through a spring connecting piece. The machining efficiency of the shaft part with the key groove and the flat position having the position relation is effectively improved; by introducing finite element accumulation analysis, actual working conditions are comprehensively simulated, and low-cost and long-period simulation analysis detection of abrasion of the V-shaped groove component of the special tool is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a tooling and a finite element cumulative analysis method for wear of a V-groove member, which are used for machining shaft parts with a positional relationship between a keyway and a flat position. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical manufacturing, (as Figure 1 shown) when machining shaft parts 6 with a positional relationship between a keyway 601 and a flat position 602, generally the following two methods are adopted: 1. Machining using a four-axis machining center; 2. Installing a dividing head on a three-axis machining center for alignment and machining. In each production enterprise, the number of four-axis machining centers is small, and most are three-axis machining centers. However, when machining through a three-axis machining center, not only a dividing head needs to be installed, but also tool setting is required for each shaft part product, resulting in low machining efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a special tooling.

[0003] In the batch automated machining of shaft parts 6 by a manipulator, in order to improve machining efficiency, a feeding mechanism with a V-groove is generally used. During the reciprocating feeding process, due to the influence of factors such as the surface roughness and straightness of the butt-welded shaft parts 6, excessive surface feature damage accumulation occurs on the V-groove member, which leads to the center offset of the shaft parts 6 on the V-groove member. The automatic center point cannot accurately align with the center hole of the shaft part 6, resulting in uneven cutting depths of the guide posts due to eccentricity during the machining of the outer circle of the shaft part 6, causing phenomena such as chipping of the shaft part 6.

[0004] However, for special tooling, there is no good prediction method for the surface quality of its V-groove member, the concentricity between the center hole of the machined shaft part 6 and the center point, and the service life, etc. Generally, it can only be maintained through periodic experimental detection. However, periodic experimental detection has limitations such as high cost, long cycle, and difficulty in comprehensively simulating actual working conditions. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an efficient and accurate finite element cumulative analysis method to greatly avoid the phenomenon of batch scrapping of shaft parts caused by wear of the V-groove member. In this regard, the following improved technical solutions are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problems solved by the present invention: Provide a tooling and a finite element cumulative analysis method for wear of a V-groove member; through the design of special tooling, solve the technical problem of low machining efficiency of shaft parts with a positional relationship between a keyway and a flat position; through the introduction of finite element cumulative analysis, solve the technical problems of limitations such as high cost, long cycle, and difficulty in comprehensively simulating actual working conditions in the periodic experimental detection of wear of the V-groove member of the tooling.

[0006] Technical solution adopted by the present invention: A tooling fixture has a V-groove member. A stop block is installed at one end of the V-groove of the V-groove member, and a flat-position positioning block is installed at the other end. The stop block is rotatably installed with an axial positioning screw, and the axial positioning screw presses against the end face of the shaft of the shaft-like part for axial positioning of shaft-like parts with different lengths. The upper end face of the flat-position positioning block is provided with a flat-position positioning inclined surface, and the inclination angle α of the flat-position positioning inclined surface is equal to the angle between the keyway of the shaft-like part and the flat position, and the flat-position positioning inclined surface is used to contact and fit the flat position of the shaft-like part. The V-groove member is provided with a pressing plate, and the pressing plate applies force from the side to gradually press down the shaft-like part and press and fix the shaft-like part to the V-groove member. The bottom of the outside of the V-groove member and the outer edge of the pressing plate are elastically connected by a spring connecting member.

[0007] In the above technical solution: The stop block is fastened and installed at the top of the V-groove member by using a pair of axially symmetric stop block set screws, and the axial positioning screw is installed at the center of the stop block.

[0008] In the above technical solution: The bottom end of the V-groove member where the flat-position positioning block is installed is provided with a block base, the block base is provided with a through base pin hole, a guide pin is concentrically installed in the base pin hole, the guide pin is concentrically pinned to the positioning block pin hole made on the flat-position positioning block, a sink is made at the bottom end of the flat-position positioning block, and a spring is installed between the sink and the upper end face of the block base; a positioning block threaded hole is also made at the bottom end of the flat-position positioning block, the block base is provided with a stepped through hole, the stepped through hole and the positioning block threaded hole are concentrically arranged, and the positioning block adjusting screw passes through the stepped through hole and then is screwed into the positioning block threaded hole to adjust the height of the flat-position positioning block.

[0009] In the above technical solution, preferably: The pressing plate is of an L-shaped structure, and the bottom of the outside of the V-groove member and the L-shaped vertical plate body of the pressing plate are elastically connected by an axially symmetric single-sided double-spring connecting member.

[0010] In the above technical solution, further: The V-groove member is provided with two axially symmetric V-grooves, the V-grooves are used to install two shaft-like parts side by side, and the two shaft-like parts are respectively axially symmetrically pressed by their respective independent pressing plates.

[0011] A finite element cumulative analysis method for wear of the V-groove member of a tooling fixture includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1. Three-dimensional simulation assembly of the tooling fixture: Assemble and combine the components of the tooling fixture through three-dimensional modeling:

[0013] Step 101. Adjust the height of the flat-position positioning block by adjusting the positioning block adjusting screw, so that the flat-position positioning inclined surface of the flat-position positioning block is higher than the axis height of the shaft-like part, and at the same time ensure the levelness of the shaft-like part.

[0014] Step 102: Use the stop fixing screw to firmly install the stop on the top of the V-groove component. By adjusting the length of the axial positioning screw, the axial positioning of the shaft parts can be achieved, so as to adapt to shaft parts of different lengths.

[0015] Step 103: In the initial stage of the working operation of the pressing plate, the pressing plate is in a fully open state under the influence of the reset elastic force of the spring connecting piece.

[0016] Step S104: When the cylinder push rod pushes the shaft part into the V-groove of the tooling V-groove component, make the flat part of the shaft part contact with the flat part positioning block. At the same time, the manipulator flips the pressing plate, making the spring connecting piece gradually bend. Affected by its spring body stiffness F3 and deformation amount λ, the spring connecting piece gradually applies a force to the shaft part through the pressing plate. During the process of the pressing plate gradually pressing down the shaft part from the side, the force generated by the pressing plate acts on the shaft part to make the shaft part rotate independently in the V-groove until the flat part of the shaft part rotates to completely fit the flat part positioning inclined surface of the flat part positioning block, automatically completing the circumferential alignment of the shaft part and realizing the self-centering of the shaft part.

[0017] Step S105: The pressing plate 9 continues to press down until the generatrix of the shaft part 6 is in close contact with the V-groove 501. The shaft part 6 is tightly fixed in the V-groove 501 of the V-groove component 5, completing the positioning and clamping of the shaft part 6.

[0018] Step 2: Import the finite element analysis software:

[0019] Step S201: Establish a finite element model: Obtain the geometric dimensions and material properties of the tooling, and use the finite element software ANSYS to establish a finite element model of the tooling; set the contact parameters of the tooling contact surface, including the contact type and friction coefficient, to ensure that the model can accurately simulate the contact behavior under actual working conditions.

[0020] Step S202: Apply loads and boundary conditions: According to the force conditions of the tooling in actual use, apply the corresponding loads and boundary conditions to ensure that the settings of the loads and boundary conditions can truly reflect the force state of the tooling during the working process.

[0021] Step S203: Conduct finite element solution: Use the finite element software to solve the model, calculate the contact pressure and relative slip velocity parameters on the tooling contact surface; and update the mesh after each load step calculation is completed to ensure the accuracy of the model.

[0022] Step S204, calculate the wear amount: According to the wear law of Archard theory, calculate the wear amount of each node on the tooling contact surface. The wear law formula of Archard theory is: Δh = k × p × Δs, where Δh is the node wear amount, k is the material wear coefficient, p is the node contact pressure, and Δs is the relative slip displacement of the node; accumulate the wear amounts of each increment step to obtain the total wear amount distribution of the tooling contact surface.

[0023] Step 3, simulate the machining process to obtain the wear results of the tooling components.

[0024] Step S301, output the analysis results: Output the contact pressure field, thermal effect temperature field, and wear amount distribution nephogram on the tooling contact surface to visually display the wear situation.

[0025] In the above technical solution, further: In step S202, when studying the cumulative damage of the surface characteristics of the sliding wear of the V-groove component, rewrite the general subroutine through Python, and recreate the node numbers through the subroutine, so that the model approximately obtains the wear amount.

[0026] In the above technical solution, further: By replacing the flat positioning blocks of the flat positioning inclined surfaces with different α inclination angles, the adaptive positioning and clamping of different keyways and flat positions of the shaft parts can be realized; by rotating the adjusting positioning block adjustment screw to adjust the height of the flat positioning block, the adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts with different diameters can be realized; by rotating the extending length of the adjusting axial positioning screw, the axial adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts with different axial lengths can be realized.

[0027] Advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0028] 1. When the special tooling of the present invention is clamped, the tangential force generated during the pressing process of the pressing plate acts on the shaft part, causing the shaft part to rotate autonomously in the V-groove until the flat position of the shaft part rotates to completely fit the flat positioning inclined surface of the flat positioning block, automatically completing the circumferential alignment of the shaft part. The clamping is convenient, without the need to use a dividing head for alignment, which can greatly reduce the processing difficulty and improve the processing efficiency.

[0029] 2. The cooperation of the stopper and the axial positioning screw of the present invention ensures the axial positioning of the shaft part; the flat positioning block, spring, guide pin, and positioning block adjustment screw work together to ensure the angular position relationship between the keyway and the flat position of the shaft part; the pressing plate, pressing plate screw, and gasket work together to ensure the pressing of the workpiece to avoid workpiece displacement; the present invention realizes the axial and circumferential positioning of the shaft part product, and the tooling structure is simple and compact, with a small volume, easy to implement, and economical and practical.

[0030] 3. By replacing the flat-position locating blocks with flat-position locating inclined surfaces at different α tilt angles, the present invention realizes the adaptive positioning and clamping of different keyways and flat-positions of shaft parts; by rotating the adjusting positioning block adjusting screw to adjust the height of the flat-position locating block, the adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts with different diameters are realized; by rotating the adjusting axial positioning screw to adjust the protruding length, the axial adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts with different axial lengths are realized, with strong universality.

[0031] 4. The V-groove component of the present invention realizes the self-centering of shaft parts, and the flat-position locating block realizes the quick and simple positioning of the relative positions of the flat-position and keyway of shaft parts, avoiding the problem that the bottom of the keyway is not parallel to the cylindrical diameter of the shaft part due to the eccentricity of the flat-position center when processing such products. It can realize both the axial positioning and circumferential positioning of shaft parts, and can realize the quick positioning of the keyway of shaft parts with flat-positions and angle relationship requirements with the flat-positions, saving the time for the operator to align the workpiece angle when processing such products and improving the processing efficiency.

[0032] 5. The present invention analyzes the surface feature damage accumulation of the V-groove component in the V-groove feeding mechanism through finite element simulation, thereby predicting the service life of the tooling, providing a direction for optimizing the special tooling fixture, reducing the huge economic losses caused by the shaft parts to be processed not meeting the process requirements, and at the same time providing strong technical support for the mechanical manufacturing and maintenance in related fields.

[0033] 6. By means of finite element analysis, the present invention can quickly and accurately simulate the wear condition of the contact surface of the V-groove component, avoid the limitations of traditional experimental methods, and improve the analysis efficiency; compared with traditional experimental methods, finite element analysis of the present invention does not require a large amount of experimental materials and equipment, reducing the analysis cost; according to the finite element analysis results, the present invention can optimize the design of the V-groove component, improve the performance and service life of the V-groove component; the finite element analysis results of the present invention can provide a scientific basis for the use and maintenance of the V-groove component, ensuring that the tooling maintains the best state during use.

[0034] 7. When analyzing the wear characteristics of the tooling by finite element software, the model mesh division diagram of the present invention can discretize the model to form a discretized mathematical model, which is convenient for subsequent numerical calculations, thereby improving the calculation accuracy, optimizing the calculation efficiency, reducing the calculation scale, shortening the calculation time, and improving the analysis efficiency.

[0035] 8. By following the steps of rewriting the general subroutine with Python, the present invention realizes the integration and innovation of technologies. As a high-level programming language, Python can achieve automated processing of models, efficient analysis of data, and rapid iteration of algorithms. By rewriting the general subroutine with Python and recreating node numbers, the mesh structure of the model can be effectively adjusted, improving the stability and convergence of calculations. By optimizing the node numbers, the number of iterations and computational volume in finite element calculations can be reduced, improving computational efficiency. By rewriting the general subroutine with Python, continuous optimization and improvement of the finite element analysis algorithm can be achieved. By making it possible to rewrite the general subroutine with Python, continuous optimization and improvement of the finite element analysis algorithm can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 Front view of a shaft-like part where there is a positional relationship between the keyway and the flat part

[0037] Figure 2 Front view of the tooling of the present invention with the pressure plate removed

[0038] Figure 3 Top view of the tooling of the present invention

[0039] Figure 4 Stereogram of the V-groove component in the tooling of the present invention

[0040] Figure 5 Stereogram of the flat-position locating block in the tooling of the present invention

[0041] Figure 6 Stereogram of the pressure plate in the tooling of the present invention

[0042] Figure 7 Analysis diagram of the force principle of the shaft-like part of the present invention

[0043] Figure 8(a) is a schematic diagram during the pressing process of the V-groove component, which is the special tooling of the present invention

[0044] Figure 8(b) is a schematic diagram when the V-groove component, which is the special tooling of the present invention, is pressing the material

[0045] Figure 9 Curve graph of the wear change of the V-groove component, which is the special tooling of the present invention

[0046] Figure 10 Model mesh differentiation diagram of the V-groove component, which is the special tooling of the present invention

[0047] Figure 11 Screenshot of the first worn part of the V-groove component, which is the special tooling of the present invention

[0048] Figure 12 Curve graph of the wear amount of the post-processing result of the present invention

[0049] Figure 13 This is the wear flow direction of the contact surface material between the V-groove component and the shaft-like part of the present invention;

[0050] Figures 14(a) and 14(b) are the wear comparison diagrams of the V-groove component physical object and the finite element simulation model;

[0051] Figure 15 This is the analysis method flow of the present invention;

[0052] In the figure: 1 - guiding pin, 2 - positioning block adjusting screw, 3 - spring, 4 - flat positioning block, 401 - flat positioning inclined surface, 402 - positioning block pin hole, 403 - sinking groove, 404 - positioning block threaded hole, 5 - V-groove component, 501 - V-groove, 502 - block base, 503 - base pin hole, 504 - stepped through hole, 6 - shaft-like part, 601 - keyway, 602 - flat position, 7 - spring connecting piece, 9 - pressing plate, 10 - axial positioning screw, 11 - stop block locking screw, 12 - stop block. Specific embodiments

[0053] Combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1-15 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] A tooling fixture has a V-groove component 5. A stop block 12 is installed at one end of the V-groove 501 of the V-groove component 5, and a flat positioning block 4 is installed at the other end. The stop block 12 is rotatably installed with an axial positioning screw 10, and the axial positioning screw 10 abuts against the axial end face of the shaft-like part 6 for axial positioning of shaft-like parts 6 with different lengths. The upper end face of the flat positioning block 4 is provided with a flat positioning inclined surface 401, and the inclination angle α of the flat positioning inclined surface 401 is equal to the included angle between the keyway 601 and the flat position 602 of the shaft-like part 6, and the flat positioning inclined surface 401 is used to contact and fit the flat position 602 of the shaft-like part 6. The V-groove component 5 is provided with a pressing plate 9, and the pressing plate 9 applies force from the side to gradually press down the shaft-like part 6 and press and fix the shaft-like part 6 on the V-groove component 5. The outer bottom of the V-groove component 5 and the outer edge of the pressing plate 9 are elastically connected through a spring connecting piece 7.

[0055] In the above embodiment: The stop block 12 is fixedly installed at the top of the V-groove component 5 by using a pair of axially symmetric stop block locking screws 11, and the axial positioning screw 10 is installed at the center of the stop block 12.

[0056] In the above embodiments: at the bottom end of the V-groove member 5 for installing the flat-position positioning block 4, a block base 502 is provided. The block base 502 is provided with a through base pin hole 503. The guide pin 1 is concentrically installed in the base pin hole 503. The guide pin 1 is concentrically pin-connected to the positioning block pin hole 402 provided on the flat-position positioning block 4. At the bottom end of the flat-position positioning block 4, a sunk groove 403 is provided. A spring 3 is installed between the sunk groove 403 and the upper end surface of the block base 502. At the bottom end of the flat-position positioning block 4, a positioning block threaded hole 404 is further provided. The block base 502 is provided with a stepped through hole 504. The stepped through hole 504 and the positioning block threaded hole 404 are concentrically arranged. The positioning block adjusting screw 2 passes through the stepped through hole 504 and then is screwed into the positioning block threaded hole 404 to adjust the height of the flat-position positioning block 4.

[0057] In the above embodiments, preferably: the pressing plate 9 is of an L-shaped structure. The outer bottom of the V-groove member 5 is elastically connected to the L-shaped vertical plate body of the pressing plate 9 through an axially symmetric single-sided double-spring connecting member 7.

[0058] In the above embodiments, further: the V-groove member 5 is provided with two axially symmetric V-grooves 501. The V-grooves 501 are used for arranging and installing two shaft parts 6 side by side. The two shaft parts are respectively axially symmetrically pressed by their respective independent pressing plates 9.

[0059] A finite element cumulative analysis method for the wear of the V-groove member of any one of the above-mentioned toolings includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1. Three-dimensional simulation assembly of the tooling: Assemble and combine the tooling parts through three-dimensional modeling:

[0061] Step 101. Adjust the height of the flat-position positioning block 4 by adjusting the positioning block adjusting screw 2 so that the flat-position positioning inclined surface 401 of the flat-position positioning block 4 is higher than the axis height of the shaft part 6, and at the same time ensure the levelness of the shaft part 6.

[0062] Step 102. Use the stop fixing screw 11 to firmly install the stop 12 at the top end of the V-groove member 5. By adjusting the length of the axial positioning screw 10, the axial positioning of the shaft part 6 is realized, so as to adapt to shaft parts 6 of different lengths.

[0063] Step 103. In the initial stage of the operation of the pressing plate 9, the pressing plate 9 is in a fully open state under the influence of the reset elastic force of the spring connecting member 7.

[0064] Step S104: When the cylinder push rod pushes the shaft part 6 into the V-groove 501 of the tooling V-groove member 5, the flat part 602 of the shaft part 6 is preliminarily brought into partial contact with the flat position locating block 4; meanwhile, the manipulator flips the pressing plate 9, causing the spring connecting piece 7 to gradually bend. Affected by its spring body stiffness F3 and deformation amount λ, the spring connecting piece 7 gradually applies a force to the shaft part 6 through the pressing plate 9. During the process of the pressing plate 9 gradually pressing down the shaft part 6 from the side, the force generated by the pressing plate 9 acts on the shaft part 6, causing the shaft part 6 to rotate independently within the V-groove 501 until the flat part 602 of the shaft part 6 rotates to completely fit the flat position locating inclined surface 401 of the flat position locating block 4, automatically completing the circumferential alignment of the shaft part 6 and achieving the self-centering of the shaft part 6.

[0065] Regarding step S104, it should be noted that: Before the shaft part 6 is fed into the V-groove member 5, it is mainly subjected to the thrust of the cylinder push rod; after the shaft part 6 is fed into the V-groove member 5, during the process of the pressing plate 9 gradually pressing down the shaft part 6 from the side, the force received by the shaft part 6 is a non-linear stress, that is, it is mainly subjected to the pressure of the pressing plate 9 on the shaft part 6 and the frictional force between the shaft part 6 and the V-groove 501.

[0066] Step S105: The pressing plate 9 continues to press down until the generatrix of the shaft part 6 is in close contact with the V-groove 501, and the shaft part 6 is tightly fixed in the V-groove 501 of the tooling V-groove member 5, completing the positioning and clamping of the shaft part 6.

[0067] Step 2: Import the finite element analysis software:

[0068] Step S201: Establish a finite element model: Obtain the geometric dimensions and material properties of the tooling, and use the finite element software ANSYS to establish a finite element model of the tooling; set the contact parameters of the tooling contact surface, including the contact type and friction coefficient, to ensure that the model can accurately simulate the contact behavior under actual working conditions.

[0069] Step S202: Apply loads and boundary conditions: According to the force conditions of the tooling during actual use, apply corresponding loads and boundary conditions to ensure that the settings of the loads and boundary conditions can truly reflect the force state of the tooling during the working process.

[0070] Regarding step S202, it should be noted that: When the V-groove member 5 wears, it mainly goes through three stages, namely: running-in wear, stable wear, and severe wear (see Figure 9 ).

[0071] Since the contact between the V-groove component 5 and the shaft-like part 6 forms a higher pair with line contact, the running-in wear period and the stable wear period will be greatly shortened, causing the V-groove component 5 to quickly enter the severe wear stage. In order to predict the service life of the V-groove component 5, the finite element analysis method is used for the V-groove component 5; when studying the damage accumulation of the sliding wear surface characteristics of the V-groove component 5, there is generally no particularly effective finite element analysis method, and most cases will result in non-convergent results; therefore, the general subroutine is rewritten through Python, and the node numbers are recreated through the subroutine, so that the model can approximately obtain the wear amount (see Figure 10 ).

[0072] Regarding the rewriting of the general subroutine through Python, it should be noted that: The application of Python in finite element analysis: As a high-level programming language, Python has been widely used in the field of finite element analysis with its flexibility and rich scientific computing libraries (such as NumPy, SciPy, etc.). By combining Python with finite element analysis software (such as ANSYS, Abaqus, etc.), the automatic processing of the model, the efficient analysis of data, and the rapid iteration of algorithms can be achieved. Node number reconstruction: In finite element analysis, node numbers are important factors affecting calculation efficiency and convergence. By rewriting the general subroutine through Python and recreating the node numbers, the mesh structure of the model can be effectively adjusted, and the calculation stability and convergence can be improved. This technical integration and innovation provide new solutions and methods for finite element analysis. In addition, rewriting the general subroutine through Python can provide customized solutions for specific problems. For example, approximate processing of wear amount calculation: For some complex engineering problems, such as the analysis of the friction and wear characteristics of the material surface, it may be difficult for traditional finite element methods to directly obtain accurate wear amounts. By rewriting the subroutine through Python and recreating the node numbers, customized adjustment of the model can be achieved, thereby approximately obtaining the wear amount. This customized solution for specific problems reflects the novelty of the present invention. In addition, the calculation efficiency can be improved: that is, by optimizing the node numbers, the number of iterations and the calculation amount in finite element calculations can be reduced, and the calculation efficiency can be improved, which is particularly important for high-complexity finite element analysis. Regarding the optimization of algorithms and models, when rewriting the general subroutine through Python, in terms of algorithm flexibility: As a programming language, Python allows researchers or engineers to quickly adjust and optimize the model and test different algorithms. This flexibility makes it possible to rewrite the general subroutine through Python, thereby achieving continuous optimization and improvement of finite element analysis algorithms. Adaptability of the model: By rewriting the subroutine through Python, flexible adjustment of the finite element model can be achieved, making it more adaptable to different working conditions and boundary conditions. This adaptability of the model is also an embodiment of novelty.

[0073] Step S203: Conduct finite element solution. Use finite element software to solve the model, calculate the contact pressure and relative slip velocity parameters on the tooling contact surface, and update the mesh after each load step calculation to ensure the accuracy of the model.

[0074] Regarding Step S203, it should be noted that when analyzing the wear characteristics of the tooling using finite element software, the model mesh division diagram is crucial, mainly reflected in the following aspects: Discretize the model: Mesh division is a key step in the preprocessing of finite element analysis. It discretizes the continuous tooling model into numerous small elements (such as tetrahedrons, hexahedrons, etc.). These elements are connected to each other through nodes to form a discretized mathematical model, which is convenient for subsequent numerical calculations. Improve calculation accuracy: Reasonable mesh division can significantly improve the accuracy of finite element analysis. By using different mesh densities in different regions (such as denser meshes in stress concentration regions), the stress and strain distributions of the tooling during actual operation can be more accurately simulated, and thus the wear characteristics can be more precisely predicted. Optimize calculation efficiency: On the premise of ensuring calculation accuracy, reasonable mesh division can also optimize calculation efficiency. By reducing the number of unnecessary elements and reducing the calculation scale, the calculation time can be shortened and the analysis efficiency can be improved.

[0075] Step S204: Calculate the wear amount. According to the wear law of Archard theory, calculate the wear amount of each node on the tooling contact surface. The wear law formula of Archard theory is: Δh = k × p × Δs, where Δh is the node wear amount, k is the material wear coefficient, p is the node contact pressure, and Δs is the node relative slip displacement; accumulate the wear amounts of each increment step to obtain the total wear amount distribution of the tooling contact surface.

[0076] Step 3: Simulate the machining process to obtain the wear results of the tooling components.

[0077] Step S301: Output the analysis results. Output the contact pressure field, thermal effect temperature field, and wear amount distribution nephogram on the tooling contact surface to visually display the wear situation.

[0078] It should be noted that: It can be seen from the post-processing results that in the initial stage of use, the first part of the V-groove component 5 to enter the stable wear period is the transition part between the chamfer and the plane of the shaft part 6 (see Figure 11 ). As the push rod is pushed in, the wear changes to the tangency part between the outer circle surface of the V-groove component 5 and the contact plane. When this component enters the severe wear stage, the average wear amount is approximately 1.03 μm (see Figure 12 ), and obvious defects appear on the component surface.

[0079] In addition, from Figure 11It can also be seen that during the use of the V-groove component 5, it conforms to the wear change curve. Since a single-sided double spring is adopted, after long-term use, the wear amount on one side is relatively large, while the wear amount on the other side is relatively small (see Figure 13 ), but in order to meet the requirements of simple manufacturing and convenient disassembly, this tooling can meet the use needs.

[0080] According to the above finite element analysis results, the physical object is compared with the model, and the worn parts of the physical object are close to those of the model (see Figures 14(a) and 14(b)). Therefore, through the finite element method, it is possible to effectively provide ideas for life prediction and structural optimization of non-standard products, thereby reducing production costs.

[0081] In the above embodiments, further: by replacing the flat positioning blocks 4 of the flat positioning inclined surfaces 401 with different α inclination angles, the adaptive positioning and clamping of different keyways 601 and flats 602 of the shaft parts 6 can be realized; by rotating the adjustment positioning block adjustment screw 2 to adjust the height of the flat positioning block 4, the adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts 6 with different diameters can be realized; by rotating the extension length of the adjustment axial positioning screw 10, the axial adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts 6 with different axial lengths can be realized.

[0082] In summary, the present invention solves the technical problem of low processing efficiency of shaft parts with a positional relationship between keyways and flats through the design of a special tooling; by introducing finite element cumulative analysis, it solves the technical problems of high cost, long cycle, and difficulty in comprehensively simulating actual working conditions in the periodic experimental detection of wear of the V-groove component of the tooling.

[0083] The special tooling of the present invention can automatically complete the circumferential alignment of shaft parts, is convenient for clamping, does not require the use of a dividing head for alignment, can greatly reduce the processing difficulty, and improve the processing efficiency.

[0084] The stop block of the present invention is used in cooperation with the axial positioning screw to realize the axial and circumferential positioning of shaft part products. The tooling structure is simple and compact, small in size, easy to implement, and economical and practical.

[0085] The present invention realizes the adaptive positioning and clamping of different keyways and flats of shaft parts by replacing the flat positioning blocks of the flat positioning inclined surfaces with different α inclination angles, and has strong universality.

[0086] The V-groove component of the present invention realizes the self-centering of shaft parts; the flat positioning block realizes the rapid and simple positioning of the relative positions of the flat and keyway of the shaft part, improving the processing efficiency.

[0087] The present invention analyzes the cumulative damage of the surface characteristics of the V-groove component in the V-groove feeding mechanism through finite element simulation, predicts the service life of the tooling, provides a direction for optimizing the special tooling fixture, reduces the huge economic losses caused by the non-compliance of the machined shaft parts with the process requirements, and at the same time provides strong technical support for the mechanical manufacturing and maintenance in related fields.

[0088] Through finite element analysis means, the present invention can quickly and accurately simulate the wear condition of the contact surface of the V-groove component, avoid the limitations of traditional experimental methods, and improve the analysis efficiency; compared with traditional experimental methods, finite element analysis in the present invention does not require a large amount of experimental materials and equipment, reducing the analysis cost; according to the finite element analysis results, the present invention can optimize the design of the V-groove component, improve the performance and service life of the V-groove component; the finite element analysis results of the present invention can provide a scientific basis for the use and maintenance of the V-groove component, ensuring that the tooling maintains the best state during use.

[0089] When the present invention analyzes the wear characteristics of the tooling in finite element software, the model mesh division diagram can discretize the model, forming a discretized mathematical model, which is convenient for subsequent numerical calculations, thereby improving the calculation accuracy, optimizing the calculation efficiency, reducing the calculation scale, shortening the calculation time, and improving the analysis efficiency.

[0090] The present invention realizes the integration and innovation of technology through the steps of rewriting the general subroutine with Python. As a high-level programming language, Python can achieve the automatic processing of the model, the efficient analysis of data, and the rapid iteration of algorithms; by rewriting the general subroutine with Python and re-creating the node numbers, the mesh structure of the model can be effectively adjusted, improving the stability and convergence of the calculation; by optimizing the node numbers, the number of iterations and the calculation amount in finite element calculation can be reduced, improving the calculation efficiency; by rewriting the general subroutine with Python, the continuous optimization and improvement of the finite element analysis algorithm can be realized; it becomes possible to rewrite the general subroutine with Python, thereby realizing the continuous optimization and improvement of the finite element analysis algorithm.

[0091] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications and equivalent replacements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tooling, characterized in that: There is a V-groove member (5), with a stop block (12) installed at one end of the V-groove (501) of the V-groove member (5), and a flat-position positioning block (4) installed at the other end; the stop block (12) rotatably installs an axial positioning screw (10), and the axial positioning screw (10) abuts against the end face of the shaft-like part (6) for axial positioning of shaft-like parts (6) with different lengths; on the upper end face of the flat-position positioning block (4), there is a flat-position positioning inclined surface (401), and the inclination angle α of the flat-position positioning inclined surface (401) is equal to the included angle between the keyway (601) and the flat position (602) of the shaft-like part (6), and the flat-position positioning inclined surface (401) is used to contact and fit the flat position (602) of the shaft-like part (6); the V-groove member (5) is provided with a pressing plate (9), and the pressing plate (9) applies force from the side to gradually press down the shaft-like part (6) and press and fix the shaft-like part (6) to the V-groove member (5); between the outer bottom of the V-groove member (5) and the outer edge of the pressing plate (9), they are elastically connected through a spring connector (7).

2. The tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stop block (12) uses a pair of axially symmetric stop block set screws (11) to fasten and install the stop block (12) at the top of the V-groove member (5), and the axial positioning screw (10) is installed at the center of the stop block (12).

3. The tooling according to claim 1, wherein: At the bottom end of the V-groove member (5) where the flat-position positioning block (4) is installed, there is a block base (502), and the block base (502) is provided with a through base pin hole (503). A guide pin (1) is concentrically installed in the base pin hole (503), and the guide pin (1) is concentrically pinned to the positioning block pin hole (402) made on the flat-position positioning block (4). At the bottom end of the flat-position positioning block (4), there is a sunk groove (403), and a spring (3) is installed between the sunk groove (403) and the upper end face of the block base (502); at the bottom end of the flat-position positioning block (4), there is also a positioning block threaded hole (404), and the block base (502) is provided with a stepped through hole (504). The stepped through hole (504) and the positioning block threaded hole (404) are concentrically arranged. The positioning block adjusting screw (2) passes through the stepped through hole (504) and then is screwed into the positioning block threaded hole (404) to adjust the height of the flat-position positioning block (4).

4. The tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing plate (9) is of an L-shaped structure, and between the outer bottom of the V-groove member (5) and the L-shaped vertical plate body of the pressing plate (9), they are elastically connected through an axially symmetric single-sided double spring connector (7).

5. The tooling according to claim 1, wherein: The V-groove member (5) is provided with two axially symmetric V-grooves (501), and the V-grooves (501) are used to install two shaft-like parts (6) side by side. The two shaft-like parts (6) are respectively axially symmetrically pressed by their respective independent pressing plates (9).

6. A finite element cumulative analysis method for the wear of the V-groove component of the tooling according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, three-dimensional simulation assembly of the tooling: Assemble and combine the tooling components through three-dimensional modeling; Step 2, import into the finite element analysis software; Step 3, simulate the machining process to obtain the wear results of the tooling components.

7. The analysis method according to claim 6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 101: Adjust the height of the flat-positioning block (4) by adjusting the screw (2) of the positioning block, so that the flat-positioning inclined surface (401) of the flat-positioning block (4) is higher than the axis height of the shaft-like part (6), and at the same time ensure the levelness of the shaft-like part (6); Step 102: Use the stop fixing screw (11) to fasten and install the stop block (12) at the top of the V-groove member (5). By adjusting the length of the axial positioning screw (10), the axial positioning of the shaft-like part (6) is realized, so as to adapt to shaft-like parts (6) of different lengths; Step 103: In the initial stage of the operation of the pressing plate (9), the pressing plate (9) is in a fully open state under the influence of the reset elastic force of the spring connecting member (7); Step S104: When the cylinder push rod pushes the shaft-like part (6) into the V-groove (501) of the tooling V-groove member (5), make the flat position (602) of the shaft-like part (6) partially contact with the flat-positioning block (4); the manipulator flips the pressing plate (9) at the same time, making the spring connecting member (7) gradually bend. Affected by its spring body stiffness F3 and deformation amount λ, the spring connecting member (7) gradually applies a force to the shaft-like part (6) through the pressing plate (9). During the process of the pressing plate (9) gradually pressing down the shaft-like part (6) from the side, the force generated by the pressing plate (9) acts on the shaft-like part (6) to make the shaft-like part (6) rotate independently in the V-groove (501) until the flat position (602) of the shaft-like part (6) rotates to completely fit the flat-positioning inclined surface (401) of the flat-positioning block (4), and the circumferential alignment of the shaft-like part (6) is automatically completed, realizing the self-centering of the shaft-like part (6); Step S105: The pressing plate (9) continues to press down until the generatrix of the shaft-like part (6) is closely attached to the V-groove (501), and the shaft-like part (6) is tightly fixed in the V-groove (501) of the V-groove member (5), completing the positioning and clamping of the shaft-like part (6); Step S201: Establish a finite element model: Obtain the geometric dimensions and material properties of the tooling, and use the finite element software ANSYS to establish a finite element model of the tooling; set the contact parameters of the tooling contact surface, including the contact type and friction coefficient, to ensure that the model can accurately simulate the contact behavior under actual working conditions; Step S202: Apply loads and boundary conditions: According to the force conditions of the tooling in actual use, apply corresponding loads and boundary conditions to ensure that the settings of the loads and boundary conditions can truly reflect the force state of the tooling during the working process; Step S203: Perform finite element solution: Use the finite element software to solve the model, calculate the contact pressure and relative slip velocity parameters on the tooling contact surface; and update the mesh after each load step calculation is completed to ensure the accuracy of the model; Step S204, calculate the wear amount: According to the wear law of Archard's theory, calculate the wear amount of each node on the tooling contact surface. The wear law formula of Archard's theory is: Δh = k × p × Δs, where Δh is the node wear amount, k is the material wear coefficient, p is the node contact pressure, and Δs is the relative slip displacement of the node; accumulate the wear amounts of each increment step to obtain the total wear amount distribution of the tooling contact surface. Step S301, output the analysis result: Output the contact pressure field, thermal effect temperature field, and wear amount distribution nephogram on the tooling contact surface to visually display the wear situation.

8. The analysis method according to claim 7, wherein: In step S202, when studying the cumulative damage of the surface characteristics of the sliding wear of the V-groove component (5), rewrite the general subroutine through Python, and recreate the node numbers through the subroutine to approximately obtain the wear amount of the model.

9. The analysis method according to claim 7, characterized in that: By replacing the flat positioning block (4) of the flat positioning inclined plane (401) with different α inclination angles, the adaptive positioning and clamping of different keyways (601) and flats (602) of the shaft parts (6) can be realized; by rotating the adjusting positioning block adjusting screw (2) to adjust the height of the flat positioning block (4), the adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts (6) with different diameters can be realized; by rotating the adjusting axial positioning screw (10) to adjust the extension length, the axial adaptive positioning and clamping of shaft parts (6) with different axial lengths can be realized.

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