Plug-in range-extending hybrid multifunctional motorcycle

Abstract

The invention discloses a plug-in range-extending hybrid multifunctional motorcycle. Comprising a frame, a range extender, a battery unit, a controller and a driving motor, an engine and a generator of the range extender are coaxially arranged; the battery unit is arranged at the bottom end of the frame and located below the range extender so as to lower the mass center of the whole vehicle. An independent water cooling system is arranged on the controller; and the driving motor is arranged behind the range extender and the battery unit. Through reasonable layout, the vehicle energy consumption ratio and the vehicle controllability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motorcycles, and in particular to a plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle. Background Art

[0002] An electric motorcycle is a type of electric vehicle that uses an electric drive and control system to drive the motorcycle. The electric drive and control system consists of a drive motor, a power battery, and a speed control device for the motor, etc. With the rapid development of battery technology, motor technology, and electronic control technology, electric motorcycles have significant advantages over fuel motorcycles in terms of energy conservation, emission reduction, low noise, and low vibration, and the market share of electric motorcycles is also increasing.

[0003] There are significant problems in the layout of components of existing common range-extended motorcycles. For example, in the published patent document CN102632949A, the weights of its components are mainly concentrated at the rear, which has a greater impact on vehicle energy consumption and vehicle controllability. Therefore, the applicant proposes this application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle, which improves the vehicle energy consumption ratio and vehicle controllability through reasonable layout.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions: A plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle, including a frame and a range extender, a battery unit, a controller, and a drive motor mounted on the frame; The engine of the range extender is coaxially arranged with the generator; The battery unit is arranged at the bottom end of the frame and below the range extender to reduce the center of mass of the whole vehicle; An independent water cooling system is provided on the controller; The drive motor is arranged behind the range extender and the battery unit.

[0006] In the above technical solution, preferably, the engine is a horizontally opposed engine.

[0007] In the above technical solution, preferably, the cooling system of the range extender adopts a series design, with the generator taking in water and the engine discharging water, controlled by an electronic control water pump.

[0008] In the above technical solution, preferably, a side-mounted radiator is provided on the frame and / or the range extender.

[0009] In the above technical solution, preferably, the front end of the battery unit can be in contact with external air to cool it down through the external air after the vehicle starts.

[0010] In the above technical solution, preferably, an anti-collision guard plate for heat dissipation is assembled on the battery unit and / or the bottom of the vehicle frame.

[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, the anti-collision guard plate is made of high-strength British aluminum alloy.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the water cooling system includes a heat exchanger and / or a fan disposed at the rear end of the controller.

[0013] In the above technical solution, preferably, the drive motor is a mid-mounted air-cooled AC permanent magnet motor or a forced air-cooled disc permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0014] In the above technical solution, preferably, the controller is arranged above the range extender; A fuel tank is installed at the rear end of the vehicle frame, and the fuel tank is arranged above the drive motor and behind the range extender; A charger is installed on the vehicle frame, and the charger is arranged above the range extender; A shock absorber cooperating with the vehicle front wheels is provided at the front end of the vehicle frame.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Through reasonable layout, the present invention improves the energy consumption ratio and the vehicle controllability of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is the series hybrid power system architecture of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the controller architecture of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the engine starting energy flow of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the energy flow under high load conditions of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the braking energy recovery energy flow of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the energy flow during starting and low load conditions of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the hybrid power platform system configuration of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Referring to Figures 1 - 8 , a plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle includes a frame and a range extender, a battery unit 1, a controller 2, and a drive motor 3 mounted on the frame.

[0025] For the range extender, a horizontally opposed engine 41 is adopted in this application, which has a low center of gravity and good handling performance. The engine and the ISG generator 42 are coaxially designed, with high transmission efficiency and silent start achieved. In addition, the cooling system adopts a series design, with the generator taking in water and the engine discharging water. An electronically controlled water pump is used, and a side-mounted radiator is provided on the frame and / or the range extender.

[0026] For the battery unit 1, it may include a battery box fixed to the frame, and batteries are installed in the battery box. The lower-mounted battery unit can reduce the center of gravity of the whole vehicle and make full use of the ram air effect to cool the power battery system. A high-strength English aluminum alloy anti-collision guard plate with a heat dissipation function is installed at the bottom of the battery unit, and the upper part refers to the structure and material of the BMW CE-04.

[0027] Specifically, the battery unit is arranged at the bottom end of the frame and below the range extender. The front end of the battery unit can contact the external air to cool it down through the external air after the vehicle starts. For example, a diversion channel is designed on the plastic parts of the vehicle frame. The inner end of the diversion channel faces the outer wall of the battery box of the battery unit, and the external air flow can impact the outer wall of the battery box through the diversion channel to form a ram air effect. The anti-collision guard plate can also be installed at the bottom of the frame.

[0028] For the controller, an independent water cooling system is adopted, and the water cooling system includes a heat exchanger and / or a fan arranged at the rear end of the controller.

[0029] For the drive motor, a mid-mounted air-cooled AC permanent magnet motor similar to the ZERO SR / S or a forced air-cooled disc permanent magnet synchronous motor is selected.

[0030] In this embodiment, the drive motor is arranged behind the range extender and the battery unit, the controller is arranged above the range extender, a fuel tank 6 is installed at the rear end of the frame, the fuel tank is arranged above the drive motor and behind the range extender, a charger 5 is installed on the frame, the charger is arranged above the range extender, and a shock absorber 7 cooperating with the vehicle front wheel is provided at the front end of the frame.

[0031] The motorcycle of this application adopts chain drive, double front discs, single rear disc, and hydraulic braking. The fuel tank volume can be designed to be reduced to 15L, ensuring a comprehensive cruising range ≥ 500km, and the target vehicle mass is 400 - 430kg.

[0032] Selection of the reference prototype of the range extender dedicated engine: The structural parameters of the engine dedicated to range-extended hybrid motorcycles are selected from the single-cylinder structural parameters of the 2023 Sylphy e-POWER engine and transplanted onto the horizontally opposed engine structure of the Honda GL1800. The horizontally opposed engine is redesigned with 2 cylinders, a single-cylinder displacement of 399.3 mL, a total displacement of 798.6 mL, and a nominal displacement of 0.8 L.

[0033] The rated power of the engine dedicated to range-extended hybrid motorcycles is initially set at 40 kw, which can meet the demand for the rated power output during the high-speed cruising speed (100 km / h) of the drive motor and general acceleration. According to statistics, the rated power of the range-extended drive motor is generally 50% of its maximum power. The maximum power of the drive motor is supplied by the power-type power battery and the range extender in parallel. Ensure the maximum acceleration and maximum speed limit dynamic performance requirements of the motorcycle. According to statistics, the maximum power (torque) duration of pure electric motorcycles at home and abroad does not exceed 20 seconds.

[0034] Selection and design of the drive motor: From the requirements of hybrid power technology, the main system architecture should be based on Figure 2 the series hybrid power system architecture, and is determined as a strong hybrid solution according to the degree of motor hybridization. The engine output is connected to the generator with speed increase, which belongs to the P1 motor. The battery is charged through the generator controller or the power is directly supplied to the drive motor through the drive motor controller. From the system architecture, the drive motor is the only way for the vehicle's power output. Therefore, considering the power performance of the GL1800 motorcycle after being redesigned with a range-extended power system and the ZERO SR / S pure electric motorcycle, the power of the drive motor is initially determined to be about 80 - 90 kW (since the overall mass of the hybrid power system is different from that of fuel vehicles and pure electric vehicles). Considering factors such as power density, system safety, and product maturity, the type of the drive motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, with mid-mounted drive (non-wheel hub), and a single-stage reduction or two-stage electronic control variable speed scheme is adopted between the motor and the wheel. The secondary drive adopts a toothed belt or a roller chain type.

[0035] Selection and design of the generator: ① The generator uses a permanent magnet synchronous motor. In the event of a battery failure or low charge, the generator directly supplies power to the drive motor. Therefore, the generator power must at least meet the vehicle's typical acceleration and high-speed cruising requirements of 100-120 km / h. A preliminary estimate places the drive motor's rated power at around 30 kW. Considering a 0.9 conversion efficiency from the generator to the drive motor, the generator's rated power should be around 33 kW. Furthermore, the engine and generator utilize a gear-speeding mechanism, with a transmission efficiency calculated as 0.95, resulting in an engine rated power of 35 kW. This is based on the typical 50 kW / L specific power rating for range-extended engines. The Sylphy ePower's three-cylinder engine has been replaced with a two-cylinder horizontally opposed engine, resulting in a total displacement of 0.8 L and a specific power rating of 40 kW / L. This is well within the typical operating thermal load range of range-extended engines, ensuring stable and reliable operation. Furthermore, the ISG boasts high energy efficiency, flexible operating mode switching, and smooth engine start-stop.

[0036] ② The e-power engine achieves peak thermal efficiency at a speed between 2300-2800 rpm. The generator's rated speed is tentatively set at 5000-6000 rpm. To ensure the engine and generator's high-efficiency zones overlap, a speed ratio of 0.4-0.5 is set between the two.

[0037] Power battery selection and design: In order to ensure the pure electric driving range and parking operation of the large-scale extended-range plug-in hybrid multi-functional motorcycle, the capacity of the power-type lithium battery needs to be increased to more than 5kwh. The battery is placed in the GL1800 gearbox position.

[0038] To ensure stable operation of the range-extended engine in the high-efficiency range, the battery should have a "flash charge and flash discharge" function. The initial choice is Shenzhen Grepow's high-rate polymer battery GRP7664155.

[0039] The battery cell voltage is 4.2V, the capacity is 8Ah, the battery cell size is: 7.3 ╳155 ╳63.5mm, the discharge rate is 20C, and the charge rate is 5C.

[0040] Preliminary design of battery pack structure and performance parameters: 80 cells in series and 2 in parallel, voltage: 336V, current 16Ah; Battery pack capacity: 5.376kwh; Battery pack cell size: 310 ╳ 292 ╳ 63.5 mm = 5.748 L; Battery pack cell weight: 24.8kg.

[0041] Considering that blade lithium batteries have a higher volume utilization rate, the volume coefficient is selected as 0.6.

[0042] Power battery selection and design: On-board charger The power battery adopts two charging methods: ①. The charging power of the engine + ISG integrated motor can reach up to 33kW at most, and the maximum charging rate of the battery is below 6C. Therefore, the charging performance of the engine + generator cannot be fully exerted, and it can operate below the rated power of 30kW, with a load factor of 90%.

[0043] ②. The on-vehicle charger charges the battery. The battery capacity is small, and the DC fast charging scheme is not considered. A 7.5kW home charger can fully charge it in 40 minutes.

[0044] In addition, when conditions permit in the technical solution (battery space, weight), increase the battery capacity to not only meet a longer pure cruising range, improve the hybrid degree, but also reduce fuel consumption.

[0045] Motor controller and vehicle control system architecture design: The controller designed in this solution not only refers to the unit of the Nissan Sylphy e-Power series hybrid system but also covers the control unit of the pure electric system. Starting from the perspective of specific component units, the research is as follows: 1. Vehicle control unit: The vehicle control unit is the control center of the entire vehicle, receiving external feedback signals, coordinating the work among various components, and realizing functions such as issuing control instructions.

[0046] 2. Drive motor controller: The drive motor controller is a component that drives the motor to run, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and outputting it to drive the vehicle to run.

[0047] 3. Battery management unit: The battery management unit performs management functions such as charging, discharging, and fault protection on the battery.

[0048] 4. Engine control unit: The engine control unit realizes the start-stop and operation functions of the engine.

[0049] 5. On-vehicle charging unit: The on-vehicle charging unit is a component for charging management.

[0050] The working modes of the power system of a large plug-in extended-range hybrid multi-functional motorcycle are as follows: 1. Pure electric mode: In the pure electric working mode, the pure electric cruising range is 70km (at 60km / h).

[0051] 2. Series drive mode: a. The power flow diagram of the series drive mode is that the engine drives the generator to charge the battery and also supplies power to the drive motor to drive the vehicle. The power supply from the engine and the battery reaches a dynamic balance. The matching and output are coordinated by the vehicle controller.

[0052] b. The vehicle controller receives the required torque of the drive motor controller under specific working conditions, detects and judges the SOC, SOH and other states of the battery at this time, and detects the states of the engine and the generator. Through analysis and calculation, after synthesis, it issues control commands for the drive motor, the generator and the engine to control their start and stop, torque output and speed output, etc.

[0053] c. The battery management system designs the working threshold of the battery. The working threshold can be preset and sent to the vehicle controller for judgment.

[0054] Range-extended hybrid system configuration: High-efficiency engine; High-efficiency ISG integrated starter / generator motor; High-energy density battery; Hybrid energy management and distribution intelligent algorithm.

[0055] See Figures 4 - 8 for the energy flow diagrams of the corresponding system configurations and under different working conditions.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle, characterized in that: It includes a vehicle frame, as well as a range extender, a battery unit, a controller, and a drive motor mounted on the vehicle frame; The engine of the range extender is coaxially arranged with the generator; The battery unit is arranged at the bottom end of the vehicle frame and is located below the range extender to reduce the center of mass of the whole vehicle; An independent water cooling system is provided on the controller; The drive motor is arranged behind the range extender and the battery unit.

2. The plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engine is a horizontally opposed engine.

3. The plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein: The cooling system of the range extender adopts a series design, with water entering the generator and water exiting the engine, controlled by an electronic water pump.

4. The plug-in extended-range hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: A side radiator is provided on the vehicle frame and / or the range extender.

5. The plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the battery unit can be in contact with external air to cool it down through the external air after the vehicle starts.

6. The plug-in extended-range hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: An anti-collision guard plate for heat dissipation is assembled at the bottom of the battery unit and / or the vehicle frame.

7. The plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material of the anti-collision guard plate is high-strength British aluminum alloy.

8. The plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein: The water cooling system includes a heat exchanger and / or a fan arranged at the rear end of the controller.

9. The plug-in extended-range hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive motor is a mid-mounted air-cooled AC permanent magnet motor or a forced air-cooled disc permanent magnet synchronous motor.

10. The plug-in range-extended hybrid multi-functional motorcycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is arranged above the range extender; A fuel tank is installed at the rear end of the vehicle frame, and the fuel tank is arranged above the drive motor and behind the range extender; A charger is installed on the vehicle frame, and the charger is arranged above the range extender; A shock absorber cooperating with the vehicle front wheels is provided at the front end of the vehicle frame.

Images