Low-energy-consumption self-cleaning continuous synergistic separation method for water body

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water body separation, and discloses a water body low-energy-consumption self-cleaning continuous synergistic separation method which comprises the following steps: generating a microbubble curtain as a dynamic separation interface at a preset inclination angle in a laminar flow channel, and guiding pollutants to be enriched and separated to a concentration area by utilizing the synergistic effect of interface energy and hydrodynamic force. By reconstructing a traditional static separation interface into a continuously updated dynamic field domain, self-sustaining and low-resistance flowing in the separation process are achieved, meanwhile, the endogenous self-adaptive capacity is given to the system in combination with a bubble fracture acoustic feedback mechanism, the capture spectrum of hydrophilic colloids is expanded with the help of the gas ionization technology, and the separation efficiency is improved. Finally, a multi-physics field coupled simple separation system is formed, the problem of interface blockage of a traditional separation technology is fundamentally avoided, and the separation efficiency and the system robustness are remarkably improved while ultra-low energy consumption is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for low - energy - consumption self - cleaning continuous collaborative separation of water bodies, belonging to the technical field of water body separation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of separation technology, traditional water purification mainly relies on physical filtration or air - flotation separation methods. The former intercepts pollutants through the micropores of the membrane material, and the latter uses the upward floating of bubbles to carry suspended solids. Although these methods are widely used, their core mechanisms both require the construction of a static separation interface (such as the surface of the filter membrane, the baffle in the air - flotation tank). However, when continuously treating industrial wastewater containing oil stains or colloidal particles, such interfaces face essential limitations: the direct contact between pollutants and the interface leads to irreversible blockage, forcing the system to stop periodically for cleaning; at the same time, to maintain the external driving pressure required for fluid to penetrate the fixed interface, the energy efficiency continuously deteriorates.

[0003] Especially when treating wastewater with fluctuating flow rates or changing pollutant components, the existing technologies expose deeper contradictions: for membrane separation technology, to delay blockage, it often needs to increase the working pressure, which instead accelerates the formation of the pollution layer; although the traditional air - flotation method can cope with load changes by increasing the aeration volume, excessive bubbles damage the stability of the flow field, reducing the separation efficiency instead. The industry has tried to introduce chemical cleaning or complex control systems, but this has led to risks of secondary pollution and rising operation and maintenance costs. In particular, anchoring the separation process to a static physical interface in the existing technologies has led to three core contradictions: 1. The deposition of pollutants and the need for interface regeneration form an irreconcilable confrontation; 2. High - efficiency separation requires a higher driving pressure, which violates the low - carbon goal; 3. Expanding the pollutant spectrum requires superimposing chemical or control modules, weakening the robustness of the system. Therefore, how to construct a separation interface with self - renewal ability and without physical contact, fundamentally avoiding the risk of blockage, and at the same time achieving broad - spectrum low - energy - consumption separation of pollutants has become the technical problem to be solved by the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for low - energy - consumption self - cleaning continuous collaborative separation of water bodies, and its main purpose is to solve the problem of the inherent contradiction between blockage and high energy consumption of traditional static separation interfaces.

[0005] To achieve the above - mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a method for low - energy - consumption self - cleaning continuous collaborative separation of water bodies, and the method includes the following steps: Step a: Introduce the water body to be treated into a straight flow channel. The designed size of the flow channel matches the water inlet flow rate of the water body, so that the water body forms a laminar flow state with a Reynolds number less than 2000 in the flow channel; Step b: Installing a microporous aeration device at the bottom of the flow channel along the water flow direction at an inclination angle of greater than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and introducing compressed air into the microporous aeration device. The air flow rate and pressure are controlled to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width-to-thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body, and the bubble volume fraction of the microbubble curtain is between 0.1% and 5%. The microbubble curtain is composed of continuously generated microbubbles. The bubbles rise along the inclination direction in the water body and continuously burst, thereby forming a continuously renewable separation interface structure, allowing water molecules to pass through the gaps therein and guiding and repelling pollutants. Step c: Utilizing the interfacial adsorption effect of the microbubble curtain on oil droplets or suspended particles with hydrophobic surfaces in the water, as well as the physical entrainment and lateral displacement effect on non-hydrophobic suspended particles, the pollutants are continuously driven to one side of the flow channel under the inclined guidance of the microbubble curtain, forming a pollutant concentration zone; Step d: At the end of the flow channel, pollutants are collected through an overflow weir or a skimmer port set at the pollutant concentration area, and the purified water is discharged through the main outlet on the other side.

[0006] Preferably, in step b, the gas used to generate the microbubble curtain is a charged gas that has been ionized in advance by a gas ionization module, so that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries an electrostatic charge, thereby capturing hydrophilic colloidal particles in the water body through electrostatic attraction, thereby achieving synergistic separation of pollutants with different hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity.

[0007] Preferably, the gas ionization module ionizes the gas by corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge; the method also includes adjusting the output polarity of the ionization module according to the zeta potential measurement results of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated to generate microbubbles with opposite electrical properties to the colloidal particles.

[0008] Preferably, in step b, the average diameter and number density of the generated microbubbles are adjusted by controlling the air supply pressure and micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device to preferentially target and separate pollutants of a specific size range or specific surface chemical properties; wherein the average diameter of the microbubbles is The average particle size of the pollutants to be separated The relationship between them is: .

[0009] Preferably, in step a, the straight flow channel is provided with a rectifying component at the water inlet, and the rectifying component includes a honeycomb guide plate with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel or a multi-layer grid structure with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel. The rectifying component divides the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar state.

[0010] Preferably, after step d, an auxiliary air flow with a flow velocity ranging from 0.5 m / s to 2 m / s is applied along the water flow direction above the pollutant concentration area through an air knife device or a diversion fan arranged above the flow channel to promote the continuous movement and collection of the foam on the water surface enriched in the concentration area towards the overflow weir or the skimming port.

[0011] Preferably, in step b, the microporous aeration device is composed of at least two rows of parallel microporous aeration pipes arranged in sequence along the water flow direction. The method further includes: adjusting the bubble density of each row of microbubble curtains by controlling the independent air supply pressure or flow rate of each row of microporous aeration pipes to form a bubble density distribution with a preset gradient in the cross-sectional direction of the water body for the microbubble curtains.

[0012] Preferably, the method further includes: detecting the pollutant concentration of the purified water body in real time through an online turbidity sensor or an online oil content analyzer; when the pollutant concentration exceeds a preset alarm threshold for characterizing that the purified water body does not meet the standard for 10 consecutive seconds, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by 20% to 50% to cope with the shock load; when the pollutant concentration is lower than the alarm threshold for 30 consecutive seconds, restoring to the air supply volume before the shock load.

[0013] Preferably, the method further includes: collecting in real time the acoustic signals generated by the rupture of the bubbles on the water surface in the pollutant concentration area; analyzing the energy of the acoustic signals within a preset frequency range characterizing bubble rupture; when the energy is lower than a preset acoustic energy threshold for judging whether the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state for 5 consecutive seconds, judging that the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state; and when it is judged to be in a high pollutant load state, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30%.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By constructing a permeable physical guiding barrier in the laminar water body through an inclined microbubble curtain, the traditional static separation interface is reconstructed into a continuously updated dynamic field. This air curtain allows water molecules to freely penetrate, and at the same time, by utilizing the synergistic effect of the bubble surface energy and the upward flow, hydrophobic pollutants are spontaneously adsorbed and migrate laterally towards the flow channel, fundamentally avoiding the risk of clogging of fixed filter materials and realizing the self-maintenance of the separation process and low-resistance flow.

[0015] 2. The maintenance of the laminar state is spatially coupled with the geometric configuration of the inclined air curtain, enabling pollutants to be dually guided by the bubble interface energy gradient and the hydrodynamic field in a low-shear force environment. This synergistic effect promotes the enrichment of oil droplets and suspended particles along a preset path towards the concentration area, while the purified water body maintains a stable flow in the laminar core area, naturally forming a physical partition at the outlet, greatly reducing the mechanical shunt complexity required for traditional separation.

[0016] 3. The natural correlation between the acoustic characteristics of bubble rupture and the pollutant load state is converted into a system self-diagnostic signal. By capturing the change in the intensity of sound waves in a specific frequency band, it directly maps the air curtain capture efficiency and triggers the adjustment of the aeration volume. This mechanism converts the load fluctuation into an internal response of the system, achieving the dynamic balance of the separation efficiency without an external water quality sensor, and significantly enhancing the robustness to shock loads. The pre-ionization of the input gas endows the bubble interface with a controllable electrostatic field, avoiding the capture bottleneck of hydrophilic colloids in traditional air flotation. The charged bubbles actively adsorb electrically neutral particles through electrostatic attraction, forming a complementary capture mechanism with hydrophobic interaction. Without introducing chemical agents, this technology extends the separation spectrum to nanoscale colloids, and the adjustable polarity characteristic enables the system to target and adapt to different electrical characteristics of pollutants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the construction of the dynamic separation interface system and the co-separation of pollutants of the present invention; Figure 2 Evaluation diagram of the pollutant removal effect of the oil content and turbidity of the present invention before and after treatment; Figure 3 Timing diagram of the microbubble system control and feedback regulation process of the present invention; Figure 4 Diagram of the matching relationship between the microbubble diameter distribution and the pollutant particle size of the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the influence of the tilt angle of the microporous aeration device of the present invention on the separation efficiency.

[0018] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for low-energy consumption self-cleaning and continuous co-separation of water bodies. The method includes the following steps: Step a: Introduce the water body to be treated into a straight flow channel. The designed size of the flow channel matches the water inlet flow rate so that the water body forms a laminar flow state with a Reynolds number less than 2000 in the flow channel; Step b: Install a microporous aeration device at the bottom of the flow channel along the water flow direction at an inclination angle of greater than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and introduce compressed air into the microporous aeration device, wherein the air flow rate and pressure are controlled to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width to thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body, and the bubble volume fraction of the microbubble curtain is between 0.1% and 5%; the microbubble curtain is composed of continuously generated microbubbles, which float in the water body along the inclination direction and continuously break, thereby forming a continuously renewed separation interface structure, allowing water molecules to pass through its gaps and generate attraction for pollutants. At the same time, the microbubble curtain is not a static structure, but is continuously generated, rising, broken and rebuilt during operation to maintain the freshness of its interface structure and functional integrity. This process includes the following dimensions: continuous air supply: gas is continuously injected through the microporous aeration device to continuously generate bubbles; inclined rise: bubbles float upward along a set angle to form an inclined bubble layer; interface renewal: during the process of bubble floating and breaking, the original bubbles disappear and new bubbles take over to form the interface; self-sustaining: the entire process is naturally maintained by fluid dynamics and structural layout, rather than external control; Step c: Utilizing the interfacial adsorption effect of the microbubble curtain on oil droplets or suspended particles with hydrophobic surfaces in the water, as well as the physical entrainment and lateral displacement effect on non-hydrophobic suspended particles, the pollutants are continuously driven to one side of the flow channel under the inclined guidance of the microbubble curtain, forming a pollutant concentration zone; Step d: At the end of the flow channel, pollutants are collected through an overflow weir or a skimmer port set at the pollutant concentration area, and the purified water is discharged through the main outlet on the other side.

[0021] In step b, the gas used to generate the microbubble curtain is a charged gas that has been ionized in advance by a gas ionization module, so that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries an electrostatic charge, thereby capturing hydrophilic colloidal particles in the water body through electrostatic attraction, thereby achieving the synergistic separation of pollutants with different hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity.

[0022] The gas ionization module ionizes the gas through corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge. The method also includes adjusting the output polarity of the ionization module according to the zeta potential measurement results of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated to generate microbubbles with opposite electrical properties to the colloidal particles.

[0023] In step b, the average diameter and number density of generated microbubbles are adjusted by controlling the air supply pressure and micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device to preferentially target and separate pollutants of a specific size range or specific surface chemical properties; wherein the average diameter of the microbubbles is The average particle size of the pollutants to be separated The relationship between them is: .

[0024] In step a, a rectifying component is provided at the water inlet of the straight flow channel. The rectifying component includes a honeycomb-shaped flow guide plate with a pore diameter smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel or a multi-layer grid structure with a pore diameter smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel. The rectifying component divides the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar flow state.

[0025] After step d, it further includes, above the pollutant concentration area, applying an auxiliary air flow with a flow rate between 0.5 m / s and 2 m / s along the water flow direction through an air knife device or a guiding fan arranged above the flow channel to promote the continuous movement and collection of the surface foam of the water body enriched in the concentration area towards the overflow weir or the skimming port.

[0026] In step b, the microporous aeration device is composed of at least two rows of parallel microporous aeration pipes arranged in sequence along the water flow direction. The method further includes: adjusting the bubble density of each row of microbubble curtains by controlling the independent air supply pressure or flow rate of each row of microporous aeration pipes to form a bubble density distribution with a preset gradient in the cross-sectional direction of the water body for the microbubble curtains.

[0027] The method further includes: detecting the pollutant concentration of the purified water body in real time through an on-line turbidity sensor or an on-line oil content analyzer; when the pollutant concentration exceeds a preset alarm threshold for characterizing that the purified water body does not meet the standard for 10 consecutive seconds, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by 20% to 50% to cope with the shock load; when the pollutant concentration is lower than the alarm threshold for 30 consecutive seconds, restoring to the air supply volume before the shock load; the method further includes: collecting in real time the acoustic signals generated by the rupture of the bubbles on the surface of the water body in the pollutant concentration area; analyzing the energy of the acoustic signals within a preset frequency range characterizing the bubble rupture; when the energy is lower than a preset acoustic energy threshold for judging whether the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state for 5 consecutive seconds, judging that the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state; and when it is judged to be in a high pollutant load state, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30%.

[0028] Example 1: This example realizes the continuous separation of oil droplets, hydrophobic suspended particles and hydrophilic colloidal particles in water under low energy consumption conditions through the coordinated regulation of multiple physical fields. The method is developed around a flow channel configuration with a simple structure but highly integrated functions, integrating mechanisms such as fluid dynamics control, bubble interface effect, charge-enhanced adsorption and acoustic feedback regulation to construct a pollutant separation system with adaptive and self-cleaning capabilities, which is suitable for complex water environments with varying loads and multi-component pollutants. In step a, the water to be treated is first guided into a flow channel with a flat structure. The cross-sectional dimensions of the flow channel are designed to match the inlet water flow velocity to ensure that the water forms a stable laminar flow state with a Reynolds number of less than 2000 in the flow channel. This laminar flow state is crucial for subsequent interface construction and pollutant migration. Specifically, in order to improve the stability of the flow field In order to improve the performance of the flow channel, a rectifying component with a fine-pore structure can be set at the inlet of the flow channel, such as a honeycomb guide plate or a multi-layer grid structure with a pore size smaller than the lateral size of the water flow channel, to divide the disturbed water flow into multiple sub-flows, thereby effectively reducing vortices and shear fluctuations, prompting the water body to transition to a laminar flow state within a very short distance, and forming a stable fluid background field; in step b, under the above-mentioned laminar flow conditions, a group of microporous aeration devices are installed at the bottom of the flow channel along the water flow direction, and the device is set at an inclination angle between 15 degrees and 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. The selection of the inclination angle range is based on the consideration of the lateral migration requirements of pollutants and the control of laminar flow stability: if the angle is less than 15 degrees, the lateral driving force formed by the microbubble curtain in the water body is insufficient, affecting the effective replacement of pollutants; if the angle exceeds 45 degrees, it is easy to cause local turbulence, interfere with the laminar flow structure, and thus destroy the interface continuity of the separation area. Therefore, the inclination angle needs to comprehensively consider parameters such as the flow rate, kinematic viscosity, and particle size and density of the water body to be treated, and be calculated and determined in accordance with conventional engineering design. After compressed air with controlled pressure and volume is introduced into the microporous aeration device, a sheet-like microbubble curtain can be continuously generated under laminar flow conditions. The ratio of the lateral width to thickness of the bubble curtain is greater than 10, and its volume fraction is controlled between 0.1% and 5%. The bubble curtain has the ability to dynamically update, and there are permeable water molecule channels between the bubbles, forming a physical separation interface at the same time, which has both pollutant guidance and repulsion functions.

[0029] To enhance the capture ability of the bubble curtain for hydrophilic colloidal particles, it is preferable to use compressed gas pretreated by a gas ionization module as the gas source. The ionization module can use corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge to ionize the gas, so that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries static charges, thereby introducing a controllable electrostatic field in the interfacial layer to actively adsorb electrically neutral or oppositely charged hydrophilic colloidal particles through electrostatic attraction, realizing the synergistic separation of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic pollutants. The setting of the static electrode polarity can be adjusted according to the measurement results of the Zeta potential of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated, so that the generated charged bubbles have the opposite charge to the target pollutants, thereby enhancing the interfacial adsorption efficiency. In addition, to achieve the targeted effect on pollutants with different particle sizes and surface characteristics, the average diameter and number density of the microbubbles can be adjusted by controlling the gas supply pressure and the micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device, thereby constructing a multi-scale selective separation ability. Under typical settings, the average diameter of the microbubbles needs to satisfy the following relationship: its value should be between one-tenth and 1.5 times the average particle size of the pollutants to be separated. This relationship is based on the technical logic of optimizing the contact area between the pollutants and the bubble interface, aiming to enhance the adhesion stability and migration efficiency of the pollutants at the bubble curtain interface, while avoiding insufficient entrainment force caused by too large bubbles or a decrease in system stability caused by too small bubbles.

[0030] In step c, as the water body advances along the flow channel, the inclined bubble curtain formed by the microporous aeration device, under the coupled action of the hydrodynamic field and the interfacial energy gradient, guides the pollutant particles in the water body to migrate laterally, and finally aggregates on one side of the flow channel to form a pollutant concentration area. During this process, oil droplets and hydrophobic particles are mainly driven by the foam adsorption and entrainment effects to migrate to the concentration area; while the hydrophilic suspended solids are gradually pushed to the same area under the disturbance of the dense bubbles and the action of the interfacial closed structure, forming a laterally stratified pollutant enrichment area. In step d, there are two outlets at the end structure of the flow channel, corresponding to the purified water body and the pollutant concentration area respectively. One side collects pollutants by setting an overflow weir or a skimming port, and the other side discharges the purified water body through the main water outlet. To improve the pollutant collection efficiency, an air knife or a guiding fan can be set above the flow channel to apply an auxiliary air flow with a flow rate in the range of 0.5 m / s to 2 m / s along the water flow direction, so as to push the foam on the surface of the enrichment area to move stably and continuously towards the overflow port, improving the final pollutant recovery rate and the system treatment capacity. At the same time, to enhance the self-adaptability and operation stability of the system, the present invention also introduces an acoustic feedback mechanism. This mechanism deploys an acoustic sensor above the flow channel to collect the acoustic signals generated by the bubble rupture in real time and analyzes the acoustic energy in a specific frequency band. When it is detected that the energy in this frequency band is lower than the preset threshold for 5 consecutive seconds, it can be determined that the bubble curtain is in a high pollution load state, and the system will automatically trigger a command to increase the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30% to realize the refresh of the interfacial structure and the reconstruction of the separation ability. This mechanism uses the bubble rupture as an internal feedback signal of the system load state, and can dynamically adjust the operation parameters without relying on an additional water quality detection unit, thus constructing a separation system with environmental perception ability.

[0031] Example 2: In this example, a dynamically updated microbubble curtain is generated by an inclined microporous aeration device in a straight flow channel, and the efficient, stable and continuous separation of various types of pollutants including hydrophobic particles, oil droplets and hydrophilic colloids is achieved by relying on the synergistic mechanism of the interfacial energy gradient and the hydrodynamic force between the bubble curtain and the water body. This configuration is suitable for treating high-concentration emulsified oil wastewater, and is typically applied to the pretreatment link of wastewater reuse in medium-sized mechanical processing plants. Such wastewater usually contains a large number of oil droplets and emulsified suspended particles with particle sizes between 0.5 microns and 50 microns, and some colloidal particles carry a negative Zeta potential. The pH value of the water body is neutral to slightly alkaline, and the treatment flow rate is about 8 cubic meters per hour with certain fluctuations. To adapt to the above working conditions, the system design adopts the following structure and parameter settings:

[0032] The first stage is the construction of laminar flow and the setting of the flow channel structure. The wastewater to be treated is introduced into a horizontal flow channel with a rectangular cross-section and a length of about 5 meters through a flow control valve. The inner wall material of the flow channel is made of a plastic alloy with corrosion resistance. A double-layer honeycomb rectifier is set at the inlet section of the flow channel. The aperture of each layer is controlled between one-tenth and one-fifteenth of the width of the flow channel, and the thickness of the rectifier is about 0.3 times the width of the flow channel. Combining the kinematic viscosity of the wastewater and the controlled flow velocity, the system maintains the Reynolds number not exceeding 1800 to ensure a stable laminar flow basis in the bubble curtain generation area and the pollutant enrichment area. The second stage is the construction of the microbubble curtain and its control mechanism. Starting from a position about 1 meter away from the flow channel inlet, three rows of microporous aeration pipes are installed at an angle of 30 degrees along the water flow direction from bottom to top. The spacing between each row is 0.3 meters. This inclination parameter is determined by engineering calculations, which can not only ensure an effective lateral driving force but also not interfere with the laminar flow state. Each row of aeration pipes is connected to an independently adjustable air supply device, and the air pressure and air volume can be adjusted separately. The micropores of the aeration pipes are set to a diameter of about 80 microns. After the gas flow rate and pressure are regulated, microbubbles with an average diameter between 5 microns and 15 microns can be continuously generated, and the bubble volume fraction is controlled within the range of 0.3% to 1.5%. Before the compressed gas enters the aeration pipes, it is pre-treated through an ionization module using the dielectric barrier discharge method. The charge polarity output by this module is automatically adjusted according to the data measured by the on-line Zeta potential sensor, so as to ensure that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries charges opposite to those of the target colloidal particles. By this means, while having good water permeability, the bubble curtain can form a dynamic separation interface with a significant interfacial energy gradient and electrostatic adsorption ability. The third stage is the formation of the pollutant migration and enrichment area. Under the action of hydrodynamic force and interfacial energy, the microbubble curtain guides the pollutant particles in the water to migrate laterally, and finally a pollutant enrichment area is formed on the right side of the flow channel about 3.5 meters away from the aeration starting point. Among them, oil droplets and hydrophobic particles mainly migrate upward under the combined influence of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic action and buoyancy of the bubble interface; hydrophilic colloidal particles gradually tend to the bubble curtain area under the action of electrostatic attraction and local disturbance shear force. Under the guidance of the inclined structure of the microbubble curtain, various pollutants gather orderly along the cross-section direction of the flow channel, naturally forming a physical partition with the purified water, and stable flow diversion can be achieved without relying on additional baffles. The fourth stage is the collection of pollutants and the purification of the effluent. At the end of the flow channel, there is a skimming port and an adjustable height overflow weir on the right enrichment area to achieve the efficient collection of the pollutant mixed foam; a flow-limiting grid plate is set at the main purified water outlet on the left to block the residual microbubbles from entering the clean water flow path. To improve the migration and collection efficiency of the foam, an air knife module is installed above the enrichment area along the water flow direction, providing a wind speed of about 1.An auxiliary air flow of 5 m / s is used to enhance the continuous movement ability of the foam, improve the treatment efficiency and the stability of the effluent quality. The fifth stage is the construction of a dynamic adaptive feedback mechanism. An acoustic sensor is arranged above the flow channel of the system to collect the sound signal of bubble rupture in real time, and the change of sound energy in a specific frequency band is identified based on a preset logic. When the sound energy is lower than the threshold set by the system for 5 consecutive seconds, the system determines that the bubble curtain is in a state of high pollutant load, and then automatically increases the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by about 20%. Within the subsequent 60 seconds, the air supply parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time feedback to restore the stability of the interface structure and the treatment ability of the system.

[0033] Example 3: In the prior art, the inherent clogging problem and dependence on high energy consumption of the static separation interface have greatly limited its actual effectiveness in the continuous treatment scenario of industrial wastewater. In order to further verify the technical advantages of the present invention by reconstructing the dynamic separation interface and introducing the synergistic effect of multiple physical fields, and to solve the limitations of traditional methods in treating hydrophilic colloidal particles, we designed a series of targeted engineering verification experiments; this experiment aims to clearly explain in a quantitative way the mechanism of constructing a dynamic separation interface by tilting the microbubble curtain in a laminar flow channel proposed by the present invention, as well as the ability to capture hydrophilic colloidal particles in combination with gas ionization technology. For example, in a continuous flow test platform, the core of the platform The core components include: a straight flow channel made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate material, with an internal cross-sectional size of 0.25 meters (width) by 0.1 meters (height) and a total length of 5 meters. A rectifier component composed of a multi-layer honeycomb guide plate with a pore size of 8 mm is provided at the inlet of the flow channel. This component is designed to divide the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar flow state with a Reynolds number below 2000, which is also the basis for ensuring the stable generation of the microbubble curtain and the effective lateral migration of pollutants. The water inlet flow rate is precisely controlled by a high-precision peristaltic pump so that it can reach a range of 0.05 meters per second to 0.1 meters per second in the flow channel to ensure that the Reynolds number is maintained between 1200 and 1800. During the period, the water is in a typical laminar flow state. The microporous aeration device is installed 1.5 meters away from the flow channel inlet. A group of three rows of parallel microporous aeration tubes are arranged at a 30-degree inclination angle along the water flow direction. The spacing between each row is 0.2 meters. The aeration tubes are made of micron-grade porous ceramic materials, and the micropore diameter is set to about 50 microns. The core consideration for selecting this inclination angle is to achieve an optimal balance between the lateral driving force generated by the microbubble curtain in the water body and the system stability of maintaining smooth flow of the fluid. Specifically, if the value of the inclination angle is too low, the lateral driving force generated by the microbubble curtain in the water body may not be sufficient to effectively guide pollutants; conversely, if the value is too high, local turbulence may be caused. , disrupting the overall laminar flow structure and thus destroying the interface continuity of the separation area. Therefore, in specific engineering practice, the determination of the inclination angle needs to be based on the actual flow rate and kinematic viscosity of the water to be treated, as well as the density and particle size of the target pollutants. Under the condition of maintaining a smooth flow of the water body, effective lateral displacement of pollutants is achieved. The flow rate and pressure of compressed air introduced into the aeration device are regulated by a mass flow controller and a precision pressure reducing valve to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width-to-thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body. The average diameter of the microbubbles is monitored and feedback-adjusted in real time by a high-speed camera system to be between 5 and 15 microns, and the bubble volume fraction is controlled at 0.Between 5% and 2%, a gas ionization module, which pre-treats compressed air before it enters the microporous aeration device through a dielectric barrier discharge type gas ionization module. The output polarity of this module is adjusted according to the measurement result of the Zeta potential of the colloidal particles in the water body to be treated, ensuring that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries static charges opposite to the electrical properties of the target colloidal particles. The Zeta potential measurement is carried out by an online monitoring using a dynamic light scattering instrument. Pollutant simulation and detection, in the experiment, emulsified oil with a particle size distribution between 1 micron and 30 microns and a density of about 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter is used, and the main components are hydrophobic hydrocarbons and artificially synthesized montmorillonite colloidal particles. The average particle size of the montmorillonite colloidal particles is about 200 nanometers, and the Zeta potential is between -25 mV and -35 mV. Simulated hydrophilic colloids are used as pollutants in the water body to be treated. The pollutant concentration at the water body inlet is monitored in real time by a high-precision turbidimeter and an online oil content analyzer. An adjustable-height overflow weir and a skimming port are provided at the end of the flow channel to collect the pollutant concentrate, and a main water outlet is provided on the other side to discharge the purified water body, and its pollutant concentration is detected in real time by a turbidimeter and an oil content analyzer; in the above method, it is adjusted to about 30 degrees to balance the lateral driving force and fluid stability. The adjustment process includes, for example: setting an initial tilt angle and observing the lateral migration efficiency of the pollutants under the action of the microbubble curtain; observing the flow field stability in the microbubble curtain area to judge whether there is local turbulence or interference with the overall laminar structure; based on the observation results, adjusting the tilt angle and repeating the above observation until a state of effective pollutant replacement and stable flow field is achieved. For example, when the fluid inlet flow rate is in the range of 0.05 m / s to 0.1 m / s and the Reynolds number is maintained between 1200 and 1800, the tilt angle can be preferably adjusted to about 30 degrees to balance the lateral driving force and fluid stability.

[0034] This test was divided into two groups to separately verify the synergistic separation effect of the microbubble curtain on hydrophobic pollutants and hydrophilic colloids. In the first group of tests, the water to be treated was simulated wastewater containing 100 mg / L of emulsified oil and 50 mg / L of hydrophobic suspended particles (particle size from 1 μm to 30 μm). In the test, the gas ionization module was turned off, and separation was carried out only relying on the interfacial adsorption and physical entrainment of the microbubble curtain. By precisely controlling the inlet water flow rate at 0.08 m / s and observing with a high-speed camera on the side wall of the flow channel, under the action of the rectifying component, a stable laminar flow state had formed at a distance of 0.5 m from the inlet, with clear streamlines visible and the Reynolds number stable at around 1500. The microporous aeration device introduced 0.02 m³ / min of compressed air to generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with an average diameter of 10 μm and a volume fraction of about 1.2%; the width of the bubble curtain was about 0.2 m, the thickness was about 0.015 m, and the width-to-thickness ratio was greater than 13. The bubbles rose stably at an inclined angle, forming a continuously updated physical interface. Under the action of the bubble curtain, the uniformly dispersed oil droplets and hydrophobic particles at the inlet gradually enriched on the side (i.e., the pollutant concentration area) guided by the inclination of the microbubble curtain during the flow in the channel. Through the observation window at the bottom of the channel, it could be seen that the oil droplets quickly adhered after contacting the bubble surface and rose and moved laterally with the bubbles. At about 2 m from the starting point of the bubble curtain, an obvious oil-water stratification phenomenon began to appear on the cross-section of the channel. The oil phase gradually thickened in the concentration area. At the end of the channel, the oil content in the pollutant concentration area reached about 800 mg / L, and the turbidity was about 500 NTU, while the oil content at the outlet of the purified water decreased to less than 5 mg / L, and the turbidity decreased to less than 5 NTU. This result indicates the effective guiding and separation ability of the microbubble curtain for hydrophobic pollutants; the purified water still maintained a stable laminar flow state in the core area of the channel without obvious disturbance; in the second group of tests, the water to be treated was simulated wastewater containing 20 mg / L of montmorillonite colloid particles (Zeta potential about -30 mV). On the premise of maintaining the fluid conditions and microbubble curtain generation parameters of the first group of tests unchanged, the gas ionization module was started, and according to the online Zeta potential measurement results, the output polarity of the ionization module was adjusted to positive so that the generated microbubbles carried positive charges on their surfaces. After starting the gas ionization module, it was detected by the microbubble surface charge measurement system that the Zeta potential of the generated microbubbles was about -25 mV to -35 mV, opposite to the negative charge of the montmorillonite colloid particles in the water to be treated, thus having the ability of electrostatic adsorption. Under the action of the charged microbubble curtain, the montmorillonite colloid particles that were originally difficult to effectively remove by traditional flotation methods also showed obvious migration and enrichment phenomena in the channel. Through sampling analysis, it was observed that the concentration of colloid particles increased significantly near the microbubble curtain and was driven to the concentration area with the microbubbles. At the end of the channel, the turbidity at the outlet of the purified water decreased from the initial about 40 NTU to less than 5 NTU, indicating that the hydrophilic colloids were effectively removed.

[0035] Example 4: This example combines Figures 1 to 5 , a low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water is described. Figure 1 As shown, first, by constructing a stable laminar flow (Reynolds number is less than 2,000), the water body maintains a low-disturbance flow state in the flow channel, providing a fluid background basis for the subsequent separation process. The core of the system is the dynamic separation interface system | generating an inclined microbubble curtain | continuous self-renewal. This structure uses a microporous aeration device with a controlled inclination angle to generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain in the laminar flow, thereby realizing the continuous renewal of the separation interface. In this interface, pollutants are guided or captured under different mechanisms: on the one hand, the lateral migration of oil droplets and hydrophobic particles is achieved through interface adsorption and physical entrainment (for hydrophobic pollutants); on the other hand, electrostatic attraction is used to capture (for hydrophilic colloids). The charged gas pre-treated by the gas ionization module generates electrostatically charged microbubbles to adsorb hydrophilic colloidal particles; the above two pollutants are eventually concentrated and condensed on the same side to achieve efficient enrichment. Subsequently, this enrichment area can be treated in conjunction with the setting of an overflow weir or a skimmer port. The system introduces an acoustic feedback module to judge the load status of the bubble curtain by monitoring the acoustic signal of bubble rupture, and adjust the gas supply strategy in a linked manner. At the same time, the gas ionization module is used to ionize the supply gas to generate charged bubbles, thereby enhancing the capture ability of hydrophilic pollutants. The purified water body can allow water molecules to pass through the microbubble curtain and be discharged through the purified water body outlet to achieve continuous purification.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the oil content (mg / L) was 100 before treatment and dropped to 5 after treatment, indicating that the system has a significant removal ability for hydrophobic pollutants such as oil droplets; at the same time, the turbidity (NTU) was 40 before treatment and dropped to 5 after treatment, indicating that the system also has a high efficiency in separating suspended particles and hydrophilic colloids. The pollutant concentration value in the figure is the vertical axis, and the evaluation objects are the two evaluation indicators of oil content and turbidity. The bar charts respectively indicate the comparison of pollutant concentrations at different treatment stages. The gray and hollow columns before and after treatment clearly express the actual purification effect of the dynamic microbubble curtain separation system constructed in the present invention under the synergistic action of multiple mechanisms such as pollutant synergistic enrichment, interface adsorption, and electrostatic capture.

[0037] like Figure 3As shown, the system sends a gas ionization instruction (dielectric barrier discharge) to the ionization module through the control unit, causing the ionization module to output charged gas (Zeta potential regulation) into the microporous aeration pipe. The microporous aeration pipe is installed in the laminar water body at an inclination angle of 30 degrees, thereby generating a microbubble curtain. The bubble curtain is characterized by a bubble volume fraction of 0.1% to 5% and a diameter of 5 to 15 microns. During operation, the acoustic feedback module monitors the bubble rupture sound signal generated by bubble rupture (band energy analysis) and feeds back the analysis result to the control unit. The control unit dynamically adjusts the gas volume (within the range of ±20%) based on the feedback result, thereby realizing the adaptive update of the microbubble curtain structure. This process forms a loop closed-loop logic to ensure that the bubble curtain has the ability of continuous dynamic adjustment during operation and improves the response efficiency of the system to changes in pollution load.

[0038] As Figure 4 shown, it shows the corresponding relationship among the microbubble diameter distribution, the particle size of the target pollutant, and the optimal matching interval, demonstrating the key influence of the microbubble diameter regulation on the pollutant separation efficiency during the construction of the microbubble curtain. Among them, the solid curve represents the microbubble diameter distribution, which is marked with a solid line in the figure: microbubble diameter distribution. Its ordinate is the relative frequency distribution, and the abscissa is the particle size (μm); the dashed curve represents the particle size range of the target pollutant, corresponding to the dashed line in the figure: target pollutant particle size, showing the distribution probability of typical target pollutants in different particle size intervals; the gray shaded area is marked as the optimal matching interval, indicating the particle size overlapping area where the interaction effect between the microbubble diameter and the target pollutant particle size is the best. In the technical solution of the present invention, the microbubble diameter regulation is based on the matching relationship shown in the figure, that is, the principle of 0.1×target pollutant particle size ≤ microbubble diameter ≤ 1.5×target pollutant particle size is satisfied, so as to achieve the best interfacial adsorption efficiency and separation effect.

[0039] See Figure 5 It shows the relationship curves of three core indicators, namely separation efficiency, flow stability index, and energy consumption index, changing with the inclination angle (degrees), so as to clarify the comprehensive influence of the installation inclination angle of the microporous aeration device in the present invention on the overall performance of the system. In the figure, the abscissa is the inclination angle (degrees), and the left ordinate is efficiency / stability (%), and the right ordinate is the unit energy consumption index, corresponding to three groups of data curves respectively. The solid curve marked with dots in the figure represents the separation efficiency, which is used to reflect the removal ability of pollutants at different inclination angles; the solid curve marked with squares represents the flow stability index, showing the degree of damage of bubble disturbance to the laminar flow structure of the fluid; the solid curve marked with triangles represents the energy consumption index, which is used to measure the energy consumption level of the system under the unit treatment capacity. The data shows that when the inclination angle is near 35 degrees, the separation efficiency curve reaches the peak, indicating that the bubble guiding effect is optimal at this angle; the flow stability index shows a downward trend as the angle gradually increases, indicating that a high inclination angle may damage the laminar flow structure.

[0040] Example 5: In a specific implementation, to enhance the stability and self-cleaning ability of the microbubble curtain under different pollutant conditions and ensure the construction of a complete control closed-loop between the ionization module and the acoustic feedback mechanism, the system first forms a microbubble curtain structure with a spatial inclination angle through a microporous aeration component. The microporous aeration component is composed of a polymer microporous ceramic plate, and its pore size range is controlled between 30 microns and 80 microns. It is installed at the bottom of the water channel in a multi-plate array combination manner, and the component is installed at an inclination angle between 30 degrees and 45 degrees relative to the main water flow direction to form an ascending microbubble curtain structure in the water body, thereby guiding the pollutants to migrate upward. This angle setting takes into account the effective floating path required by the bubbles in the liquid and the interaction time with the pollutants to enhance the propulsion effect of the bubble curtain on hydrophobic particles and oil droplets and avoid the shielding effect caused by local aggregation.

[0041] The system sets a micro piezoelectric transducer at the upstream position of the water body to collect the acoustic wave propagation characteristics in the water body in real time. The characteristics include the change of standing wave frequency, the attenuation degree of the resonance signal, and the intensity of background noise disturbance. The transducer is composed of a lithium niobate piezoelectric sheet with a resonance frequency in the range of 50 kHz to 150 kHz, and is electrically connected to the downstream gas supply regulation module. The gas supply regulation module integrates a closed-loop control chip, which automatically adjusts the microbubble injection rate and the gas supply pressure fluctuation range based on the deviation between the acoustic feedback data and the set reference value. The adjustment frequency is two times per second to ensure the structural uniformity and continuity of the bubble curtain under dynamic conditions; A gas ionization device is set upstream of the microbubble curtain to release directional charges into the bubble curtain area in real time. The device adopts a high-frequency corona discharge structure, its electrode structure is a coated tungsten wire mesh, and the insulating housing is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material to effectively isolate the interference of the surrounding fluid. The ionization device is connected to the acoustic feedback regulation module, and controls its corona polarity and output voltage intensity according to the feedback signal. When it is detected that the negative charge of the pollutants in the water body increases, positive charges are automatically applied to enhance the electrostatic adsorption ability of the bubble curtain interface. The output voltage of the device is controlled within the range of 3 kV to 6 kV, and the voltage range setting refers to the common floating range of the Zeta potential of typical colloidal particles in the water body (about -15 mV to -40 mV), so as to improve the capture probability of colloidal particles by regulating the interface charge density under different water quality conditions.

[0042] In terms of pollutant separation path design, in order to ensure that the system can achieve a synergistic but non-interfering separation effect on multiple types of pollutants, differentiated migration and capture mechanisms are adopted for different pollutants. For hydrophobic oil droplets, their natural buoyancy characteristics are utilized to quickly float to the liquid surface under the impetus of the microbubble curtain; for hydrophobic solid particles, the interface retention effect formed by microbubbles on their surface is relied upon, and the diameter of microbubbles is controlled to be less than 1.5 times the average particle size of the pollutants to achieve a higher specific surface area and surface adsorption effect; for hydrophilic colloidal particles, the interface electrostatic adsorption mechanism is adopted, and the Zeta potential interface after ionization regulation is used to achieve charged capture and guide them to migrate to the set enrichment area. The three types of pollutants form their own independent migration trajectories in the microbubble curtain. The diversion logic is shown by fluid dynamics modeling that under the shear velocity gradient Under this effect, the three types of pollutants can be separated by paths to ensure that they are effectively captured without interfering with each other; during the operation of the system, the concentration of pollutants in the enrichment area is monitored with an analysis cycle of ten seconds. If the detection value exceeds the set threshold for two consecutive cycles, the main control unit will trigger the update mechanism of the microbubble curtain, which includes closing the original air supply channel and switching to the spare lateral air supply channel. The channel switching time is controlled within two seconds to maintain the continuous operation characteristics of the system. After the switching is completed, the ionization device in the space where the original bubble curtain is located performs a polarity reversal operation to neutralize the residual charge in the area; at the same time, the exhaust diversion device is started to guide the failed bubbles to the outside of the mainstream channel. The process is triggered in sequence by a preset control signal to ensure the coordinated response and control connection between the sub-operations, thereby realizing real-time update and self-cleaning maintenance of the bubble curtain structure. Regarding the logic of selecting key parameters, taking the microbubble diameter as an example, its design basis is to take into account the maximum specific surface area and stable rising trajectory during the buoyancy process to optimize the contact probability and adsorption efficiency of pollutants. Therefore, its diameter range is set between 0.5 times and 1.5 times the target particle size of the pollutant. If the bubble size is lower than this range, it may cause the buoyancy path to be unstable and difficult to achieve effective adhesion; if it is higher than this range, it is easy to cause bubble merging, resulting in interface discontinuity and affecting separation efficiency. The diameter parameter is obtained in real time by the system's built-in particle size distribution detection module and dynamically adjusted according to the current water condition. The air supply pressure range is set to 20 kPa to 40 kPa, of which the upper limit is set according to the material pressure bearing capacity of the microporous ceramic plate, and the lower limit is determined according to the minimum blow-out pressure required to form a stable bubble output. The pressure regulation process is controlled by a closed-loop feedback mechanism and automatically adjusted with the operating conditions.

[0043] Example 6: This example discloses a method for treating wastewater from a low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative cleaning process used in the manufacturing process of precision electronic components. The wastewater contains particles with an average particle size of The system uses hydrophobic cutting fluid droplets with a concentration fluctuating between 20 mg / L and 100 mg / L, mixed with hydrophilic silica abrasive powder with an average particle size of 300 nm and a Zeta potential ranging from -20 mV to -40 mV. To cope with this specific operating condition, the system implements a power-on self-calibration procedure and real-time feedback control logic during initial deployment to ensure continuous and efficient separation under variable operating conditions.

[0044] The method first executes an automated calibration procedure for determining the optimal inclination angle of the microporous aeration device. The control unit instructs the inclination angle of the microporous aeration device to start from 15 degrees and increase in steps of 1 degree to 45 degrees. At each angle setting, the system runs at a constant initial air supply for three minutes. During this period, the particle image velocimetry system on the side wall of the flow channel continuously calculates the flow field velocity variance in the core area of the flow channel to obtain the flow stability index. At the same time, the online turbidity sensor on the side of the pollutant concentration area monitors the turbidity change rate in real time to characterize the lateral migration efficiency. The goal of the control unit is to find an angle that can maximize the lateral migration efficiency under the constraint of meeting the preset minimum flow stability index. The minimum flow stability index is necessary to maintain the Reynolds number of the water body less than 2000. After the procedure is completed, the control unit will find the optimal angle Solidified as system operating parameters, in this scenario, this procedure will eventually automatically set the tilt angle to 32 degrees.

[0045] Then, the system enters the acoustic benchmark establishment phase. The control unit first flows clean water into the system for five minutes and instructs the acoustic sensor to collect the background acoustic signal generated only by the collapse of microbubbles. The signal processing unit performs a fast Fourier transform on the collected signal and locks the signal with the average diameter of the microbubbles. The corresponding characteristic resonance frequency band, here Based on The relationship is set as The average acoustic energy in this frequency band is recorded as the reference energy. Subsequently, the system introduced the wastewater with the highest known concentration to be treated and continued to run for five minutes, recording the average acoustic energy of the characteristic frequency band under this high load state. Based on this, the system automatically calculates and sets the acoustic warning threshold , whose value is determined by the following procedure: In subsequent continuous operation, when the real-time monitoring of acoustic energy 5 consecutive seconds below When the air volume is increased, the control unit determines that the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state and immediately triggers the additional adjustment of the air supply volume. By function Determine, where the system gain coefficient is set to 30%, and the final calculated value is constrained within the range of 10% to 30%.

[0046] To achieve the capture of hydrophilic silica abrasive micropowder, the control logic of the gas ionization module constitutes a closed-loop response system. The on-line Zeta potential analyzer measures the potential value of colloidal particles in the inlet wastewater in real time This measured value is used as the input to a preset "potential-voltage" response model in the control unit. This model is constructed based on off-line experimental calibration data, and its function is to directly derive a corona discharge voltage value that can achieve the best capture efficiency according to the input value. Based on this derived value, the control unit accurately sets the output voltage of the ionization module, and at the same time sets the output polarity of the ionization module to be opposite to the sign. This series of integrated calibration and adaptive control procedures enable the turbidity and oil content of the purified water to always meet the standards stably, thus effectively resolving the technical challenges brought about by the dynamic changes of pollutants.

[0047] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water bodies, characterized in that The method includes the following steps: Step a: Introduce the water body to be treated into a straight flow channel. The designed size of the flow channel matches the water inlet velocity, so that the water body forms a laminar flow state with a Reynolds number less than 2000 in the flow channel; Step b: Install a microporous aeration device at an inclined angle greater than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees along the water flow direction at the bottom of the flow channel, and introduce compressed air into the microporous aeration device. The air flow and pressure are controlled to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width-to-thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body. The bubble volume fraction of the microbubble curtain is between 0.1% and 5%. The microbubble curtain is composed of continuously generated microbubbles. The bubbles rise along the inclined direction in the water body and continuously break, thereby forming a continuously renewable separation interface structure that allows water molecules to pass through its gaps and has a guiding and repulsive effect on pollutants; Step c: Utilize the interfacial adsorption effect of the microbubble curtain on oil droplets or suspended particles with hydrophobic surfaces in the water body, as well as the physical entrainment and lateral displacement effects on non-hydrophobic suspended particles. Under the inclined guidance of the microbubble curtain, continuously drive the pollutants to one side of the flow channel to form a pollutant concentration area; Step d: At the end of the flow channel, collect the pollutants through an overflow weir or skimming port provided at the pollutant concentration area, and export the purified water body through the main water outlet on the other side; Among them, in step b, the gas used to generate the microbubble curtain is a charged gas that has been pre-ionized by a gas ionization module, so that the generated microbubbles carry static charges on their surfaces, thereby capturing hydrophilic colloidal particles in the water body through electrostatic attraction; And the method further includes: Real-time collecting the acoustic signals generated by the bubble breakage on the water surface in the pollutant concentration area; Analyzing the energy of the acoustic signals within a preset frequency range characterizing bubble breakage; When the energy is continuously lower than a preset acoustic energy threshold for judging whether the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state for 5 seconds, judging that the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state; And when it is judged to be in a high pollutant load state, increasing the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30%.

2. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water body according to claim 1, wherein The gas ionization module realizes the ionization of the gas through corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge; The method further includes adjusting the output polarity of the ionization module according to the measurement result of the zeta potential of the colloidal particles in the water body to generate microbubbles with an opposite charge to that of the colloidal particles.

3. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water body according to claim 1, wherein In step b, by controlling the air supply pressure and the micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device, the average diameter of the generated microbubbles is adjusted and the number density, so as to achieve at least one of the following targeted separations: a, making the average diameter of the microbubbles satisfy the relationship with the average particle size of the pollutants to be separated : , so as to preferentially separate the pollutants within this size range; b. Preferentially separate pollutants with surface chemical properties such as hydrophobicity that contribute to their adsorption by microbubbles.

4. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water body according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step a, a rectifying component is provided at the water inlet of the straight flow channel. The rectifying component includes a honeycomb deflector with a pore diameter smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel or a multi-layer grid structure with a pore diameter smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel. The rectifying component divides the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar flow state.

5. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water body according to claim 1, characterized in that After step d, it further includes, above the pollutant concentration area, applying an auxiliary air flow with a flow velocity between 0.5 m / s and 2 m / s along the water flow direction through an air knife device or a guiding fan provided above the flow channel to promote the continuous movement and collection of the water surface foam enriched in the concentration area towards the overflow weir or skimming port.

6. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step b, the microporous aeration device is composed of at least two rows of parallel microporous aeration pipes, and the microporous aeration pipes are arranged in sequence along the water flow direction. The method further includes: by controlling the independent air supply pressure or flow rate of each row of microporous aeration pipes, adjusting the bubble density of each row of microbubble curtains, so as to form a bubble density distribution with a preset gradient in the cross-sectional direction of the water body for the microbubble curtains.

7. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water body according to claim 1, wherein The method further includes: by means of an on-line turbidity sensor or an on-line oil content analyzer, continuously detecting the pollutant concentration of the purified water body in real time; when the pollutant concentration exceeds a preset alarm threshold for characterizing that the purified water body does not meet the standard for 10 consecutive seconds, increasing the air supply volume of the microporous aeration device by 20% to 50%, and when the pollutant concentration is lower than the alarm threshold for 30 consecutive seconds, restoring the air supply volume to that before the impact load.

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