Roof structures and buildings or structures

Abstract

The application discloses a roof structure, which comprises a plurality of plates which are spliced to form a flat roof surface, and a mosaic matching structure is arranged between adjacent plates and / or a drainage device is arranged between adjacent plates. Adjacent plates have a splicing joint, and the cross-sectional profile of the splicing joint is non-linear to form the mosaic matching structure; and / or the drainage device is arranged in the splicing joint. Waterproof sealing material is arranged at the upper opening of the splicing joint. The drainage device is fixedly arranged in the splicing joint, and the mosaic matching structure and the drainage device are in air communication and arranged in sequence. The roof structure can realize seamless and traceless splicing of roof plates of a building or a structure, can meet the stability requirement of the roof of the building or the structure, and can make the roof of the building or the structure have better wind resistance and drainage performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of architecture, and more specifically, to a roof structure and a building or structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of society, innovative forms of building roof structures have emerged, especially for an increasing number of large-span or super-large-span buildings, such as railway stations, airports, large-span factories, and warehouses.

[0003] Roof design not only affects the overall image of a building but also places higher demands on its lighting, drainage, low-carbon footprint, insulation, and load-bearing capacity. For example, in an increasing number of scenarios, there is a demand for roofs to have as few protruding or recessed structures as possible, instead aiming for a flat, clean, and seamless "seamless design." To achieve this, multiple panels are usually spliced ​​together to form the roof surface, but this introduces new technical drawbacks such as structural strength and drainage issues.

[0004] Currently, there is no ideal solution in the industry. Therefore, how to propose a solution that achieves "seamless design" and at least partially improves the aforementioned technical shortcomings has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application proposes a roof structure comprising: a plurality of panels, which are spliced ​​together to form a flat roof surface, wherein an interlocking structure is provided between adjacent panels and / or a drainage device is provided between adjacent panels.

[0006] Preferably, there is a splicing seam between adjacent panels, the cross-sectional profile of which is non-linear, to form the inlay-type mating structure; and / or the drainage device is disposed below the splicing seam.

[0007] Preferably, a waterproof sealant is applied to the outer opening of the joint.

[0008] Preferably, the seam is formed between a first surface and a second surface on the adjacent plates and opposite to each other, the non-linear cross-sectional profiles of the first surface and the second surface corresponding to each other to form the inlay mating structure.

[0009] Preferably, the inlay-type mating structure includes a wedge-shaped close-fitting structure and a ratchet close-fitting structure, wherein the ratchet close-fitting structure is disposed on the surface of the wedge-shaped close-fitting structure.

[0010] The wedge-shaped close-fitting structure includes a protruding portion disposed on the second surface and a recessed portion disposed on the first surface, the shapes and positions of the protruding portion and the recessed portion being mutually compatible.

[0011] Preferably, the protruding part and the concave part are trapezoidal in shape, and the base angle of the cross-section is in the range of 30°-60°.

[0012] Preferably, the roof structure includes a ratchet joint structure located at the joint, the ratchet joint structure including a first ratchet portion disposed on the first surface and a second ratchet portion disposed on the second surface and facing the first ratchet portion and interleaved with the first ratchet portion.

[0013] Preferably, the first ratchet has at least three rows, the second ratchet has at least three rows, and the ratchet height ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm.

[0014] Preferably, the joint forms a drainage space, and the drainage device communicates with the drainage space to drain at least a portion of the water in the drainage space.

[0015] The cross-sectional profile of the drainage space includes:

[0016] The first row of empty space extends downward from the outer opening of the splice seam to the lowest point, and then extends upward to the highest point below the outer opening.

[0017] The second row of openings extends downwards from the highest point until it reaches the inner opening of the seam.

[0018] In a direction parallel to the large surface of the plate, the highest point is higher than the lowest point, and the first surface and the second surface connecting the lowest point and the highest point are smooth and have a slope.

[0019] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the first and second surfaces constituting the lowest point is an upward-opening parabola; the cross-sectional shape of the first and second surfaces constituting the highest point is a downward-opening parabola and / or a horizontal straight line; or

[0020] The cross-sectional shape of the first and second surfaces constituting the lowest point is a trapezoid with the upper base at the bottom; the cross-sectional shape of the first and second surfaces constituting the highest point is a trapezoid with the upper base at the top and / or a horizontal straight line.

[0021] Preferably, the drainage device includes a suction pump, which is connected to the inner opening of the joint via a pipeline.

[0022] The drainage space is equipped with a liquid level detector located between the lowest and highest points. The suction pump is electrically connected to the liquid level detector to control the working state of the suction pump according to the control signal of the liquid level detector.

[0023] Furthermore, the pipeline includes interconnected drain pipes, horizontal pipes, and a main pipe. The plurality of drain pipes are arranged along the length of the splice joint and extend vertically downward from the inner opening of the splice joint. The plurality of horizontal pipes extend along the length of the splice joint and are connected to their respective drain pipes and converge into the main pipe.

[0024] Preferably, a protruding rib structure is provided at the end of the splice joint, the protruding rib structure being used to prevent moisture from entering the splice joint;

[0025] The protruding rib structure is disposed on the first surface and / or the second surface, and the lower side of the protruding rib structure is disposed at an angle to the lower side surface of the plate. The width of the protruding rib structure is 1 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the width of the splice seam.

[0026] According to another aspect of this application, a building or structure includes a roof structure, which is the roof structure provided in this application. According to the technical solution of this application, a concealed mechanical interlocking between the panels is achieved by forming an inlaid mating structure on the mating surfaces of adjacent panels. The splicing seam formed by the inlaid mating method is flat and does not damage the flatness of the roof appearance, making it suitable for streamlined roof designs; the splicing seam of the inlaid mating method is not easily deformed under long-term stress, exhibiting good wind uplift resistance; and no water accumulates in the splicing seam of the roof structure for extended periods within the drainage space, enhancing the strength and sealing performance of the roof structure.

[0027] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application, and the illustrative embodiments and descriptions thereof are used to explain this application. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first specific embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second specific embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third specific embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fourth specific embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of the fourth specific embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 6This is a top view of the fourth specific embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure descriptions: 1-First surface; 2-Second surface; 3-Joint; 4-Inlaid mating structure; 41-Wedge-shaped close-fitting structure; 411-Protruding part; 412-Concave part; 42-Ratchet close-fitting structure; 421-First ratchet; 422-Second ratchet; 5-Drainage device; 51-Drainage space; 511-First venting part; 512-Second venting part; 52-Electrical control components; 521-Motor; 522-Suction pump; 523-Pipeline; 524-Level detector; 6-Rib structure; 7-Sealing material. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0037] The technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] The roof structure of this application includes: multiple panels spliced ​​together to form a flat roof surface, with an interlocking structure 4 and / or a drainage device 5 between adjacent panels. Adjacent panels have a splicing seam 3, the cross-sectional profile of which is non-linear to form the interlocking structure 4. The drainage device 5 can be located at the splicing seam 3, preferably below the inner opening of the splicing seam 3. A waterproof sealant 7 is provided at the outer opening of the splicing seam 3. The drainage device 5 is fixedly located below the splicing seam 3, and the interlocking structure 4 and the drainage device 5 are air-connected and sequentially arranged.

[0039] Large-area roofing panels need to be divided into smaller pieces for easy transportation and construction. During assembly, the panels must be quick and easy to install, possess sufficient strength, good drainage and light transmission performance, and meet the requirements of flatness and cleanliness after installation, achieving the desired visual design effect. The roof structure of this application achieves these effects well. First, an inlay-type mating structure 4 is provided between adjacent panels. Half of the inlay-type mating structure 4 is located on the vertical side of one panel, and the other half is located on the vertical side of the adjacent panel. Multiple rows of inlay-type mating structures 4 ensure a very strong connection between the roofing panels. Adjacent panels have a splicing seam 3, the cross-sectional profile of which is non-linear to form the inlay-type mating structure 4. The specific cross-sectional profile can be designed in various ways depending on the thickness of the panels and the overall shape of the roof. The inlay-type mating structures 4 can be corresponding in outline; preferably, the inlay-type mating structure 4 is an inlay-type snap-fit ​​structure, thus providing higher connection strength.

[0040] The splice joint 3 has openings at both the top and bottom, namely an outer opening at the top and an inner opening at the bottom. After installation, the splice joint 3 between the upper and lower openings provides ventilation pathways. Although a waterproof sealant 7 (preferably a removable sealant) is applied to the upper opening of the splice joint 3 to minimize rainwater ingress, a small amount of water may still flow into the splice joint 3 from the upper opening. This small amount of water should be able to drain out of the splice joint 3 to prevent water accumulation in the roof structure from corroding and aging the panels. To facilitate the rapid drainage of water from the splice joint 3, a drainage device 5 is preferably provided, which can be located below the splice joint 3. The embedded fitting structure 4 and the drainage device 5 are air-connected to drain any possible water accumulation within the splice joint 3.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in the first specific embodiment of this application, the splicing seam 3 is formed between the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 on adjacent plates and opposite to each other. The non-linear cross-sectional profiles of the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 correspond to each other to form an inlay-type mating structure 4.

[0042] Specifically, the splice seam 3 may include a first surface 1 and a second surface 2. Between any two adjacent panels, one side surface of one panel is the first surface 1, and the side surface of the other adjacent panel opposite to the first surface 1 is the second surface 2, and the cross-sectional profiles of the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 correspond to each other.

[0043] The inlay-type mating structure 4 includes a wedge-shaped close-fitting structure 41 and a ratchet close-fitting structure 42, with the ratchet close-fitting structure 42 disposed on the surface of the wedge-shaped close-fitting structure 41.

[0044] The wedge-shaped close-fitting structure 41 includes a protruding portion 411 disposed on one of the second surface 2 and the first surface 1, and a recessed portion 412 disposed on the other of the first surface 1 and the second surface. The shapes and positions of the protruding portion 411 and the recessed portion 412 are mutually compatible. The cross-sectional profiles of the protruding portion 411 and the recessed portion 412 can be various suitable geometric shapes, such as triangles, arcs, etc., preferably trapezoidal shapes, in which the base angle ranges from 30° to 60°.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the roof structure includes a ratchet joint structure 42 located at the splice joint 3. The ratchet joint structure 42 includes a first ratchet 421 disposed on the first surface 1 and a second ratchet portion disposed on the second surface and arranged opposite to the first ratchet portion.

[0046] Specifically, the ratchet meshing structure 42 is a ratchet mating structure. A plurality of first ratchet teeth 421 are evenly arranged on the surface of the protruding portion 411, and a plurality of second ratchet teeth 422 are evenly arranged on the surface of the recessed portion 412. The shapes and positions of the plurality of first ratchet teeth 421 and the plurality of second ratchet teeth 422 are mutually compatible. In this application, the accompanying drawings do not limit the orientation and position of the first ratchet teeth 421 and the plurality of second ratchet teeth 422. The positions of the first ratchet teeth 421 and the plurality of second ratchet teeth 422 can be interchanged, as long as the shapes and positions of the plurality of first ratchet teeth 421 and the plurality of second ratchet teeth 422 are mutually compatible.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first ratchet 421 and the second ratchet 422 are provided with multiple rows, preferably at least three rows, with a spacing of 2-10mm between each row, preferably 4mm, and the ratchet tooth height is 0.5-1.5mm, preferably 0.8mm.

[0048] exist Figure 3 In the third specific embodiment shown, two sets of first ratchet teeth 421 and second ratchet teeth 422 are respectively provided. Each set of first ratchet teeth 421 has six rows, and each set of second ratchet teeth 422 has six rows, with a spacing of 4 mm between each row and a ratchet tooth height of 1.2 mm. However, it should be understood that this illustration is only an example of an embodiment of this application, and those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the above quantities and parameters according to on-site needs.

[0049] In other embodiments of this application, the total length h of the group of second ratchet teeth 422 can be determined based on the length H of the surface on which the second ratchet teeth 422 are provided in the protrusion portion 411. Preferably, h = 1 / 5H - 1 / 2H.

[0050] If h is greater than 1 / 2H, the lengths between h and H are too close, and the ratchet teeth will interfere with each other when splicing two adjacent boards, increasing the difficulty of the splicing operation. If h is less than 1 / 5H, the lengths between h and H differ too much, and the connection strength generated by the ratchet teeth after splicing two adjacent boards is insufficient, failing to achieve the function of sealing and strong connection.

[0051] The height of the ratchet teeth is directly related to the width of the splice joint 3. In order to make the roof structure after splicing multiple panels flat and smooth, and to avoid rainwater flowing into the splice joint 3 as much as possible, the range of the splice joint 3 is controlled between 2.0-5.0mm, preferably between 3.0mm-3.4mm.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the first and second embodiments shown, the splice seam 3 forms a drainage space 51, and the drainage device 5 communicates with the drainage space 51 to drain at least a portion of the water in the drainage space. The cross-sectional profile of the drainage space 51 includes a first drainage portion 511 and a second drainage portion 512 arranged in sequence with air communication. The first drainage portion 511 extends downward from the outer opening of the splice seam 3 to the lowest point L, and then extends upward to the highest point T below the outer opening. The second drainage portion 512 extends downward from the highest point T until it reaches the inner opening of the splice seam 3.

[0053] In the direction parallel to the large surface of the plate, the highest point T is higher than the lowest point L, and the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 connecting the lowest point L and the highest point T are smooth and have a slope.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 constituting the lowest point L is an upward-opening parabola; the cross-sectional shape of the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 constituting the highest point T is a downward-opening parabola. However, this application is not limited to this and may also have other profile forms.

[0055] The drainage space 51 has a lowest point and a highest point. When a small amount of water flows in from the opening of the joint 3, the water will be retained in the joint 3 space at the first drainage section 511 due to gravity. Preferably, a level detector 524 is installed in the drainage space 51 between the lowest point L and the highest point T. When the water level in the first drainage section 511 rises to the detection range of the level detector 524, the level detector 524 transmits an electrical signal to the controller, which starts the motor 521 to drive the suction pump 522 to extract some of the air from the second drainage section 512 and the pipe 523, creating a vacuum in this area. At this point, the section of joint 3 before the water-storing section is filled with air at a normal atmospheric pressure; some air is extracted from the section of joint 3 after the water-storing section, resulting in an air pressure lower than a normal atmospheric pressure. This creates a negative pressure at the rear of the water-storing section, and the normal air pressure at the front pushes the water along the joint 3, eventually discharging it from the joint outlet and collecting it into pipe 523.

[0056] In a specific embodiment of this application, when there is too much water in the drainage space 51, the suction pump 522 can also be activated to suck the water out into the pipeline and discharge it from the roof structure.

[0057] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the fourth specific embodiment of this application, the drainage device 5 includes a suction pump 522, which is connected to the inner opening of the splice seam 3 through a pipe 523. A liquid level detector 524 is provided in the drainage space 51 between the lowest point L and the highest point T. The suction pump 522 is electrically connected to the liquid level detector 524 so as to control the working state of the suction pump 522 according to the control signal of the liquid level detector 524.

[0058] Pipeline 523 includes interconnected drain pipes 5231, horizontal pipes 5232, and main pipe 5233. Multiple drain pipes 5231 are arranged along the length of the splice joint 3 and extend vertically downward from the inner opening of the splice joint 3. Multiple horizontal pipes 5232 extend along the length of the splice joint 3 and are connected to their respective drain pipes 5231 and converge into the main pipe 5233.

[0059] like Figure 3 In the third specific embodiment shown, the cross-sectional shape constituting the highest point T is a horizontal straight line; the highest point T of the drainage space 51 is in the entire horizontal position, and at this time the liquid level detector 524 is set at the position close to the parabolic opening in the first drainage section 511.

[0060] In other specific embodiments of this application, the cross-sectional shape of the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 constituting the lowest point L is a trapezoid with the upper base at the bottom; the cross-sectional shape of the first surface 1 and the second surface 2 constituting the highest point T is a trapezoid with the upper base at the top and / or a horizontal straight line.

[0061] When a portion of the first drainage section 511 and / or the second drainage section 512 is configured as a trapezoid, the drainage space 51, in addition to its functions of storing and draining a small amount of water, also has the function of interlocking and splicing, resulting in higher splicing strength between adjacent panels, a longer mating length between the first surface 1 and the second surface 2, and a tighter mating structure. At this time, the lowest point of the drainage space 51 is the upper base of the trapezoid in the first drainage section 511, and the highest point of the drainage space 51 is the upper base of the trapezoid in the second drainage section 512.

[0062] In a specific embodiment of this application, a protruding rib structure 6 is provided at the end of the splice seam 3. The protruding rib structure 6 is used to prevent water vapor from entering the splice seam 3.

[0063] The protruding rib structure 6 is disposed on the first surface 1 and / or the second surface 2, and the lower side of the protruding rib structure 6 is disposed at an angle to the lower side surface of the plate. The width of the protruding rib structure 6 is 1 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the width of the splice seam 3.

[0064] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 In the first and second specific embodiments shown, the protruding rib structure 6 consists of two symmetrically arranged left and right parts, which are respectively fixedly disposed on the first surface 1 and the second surface 2. Taking the lower side of the plate as the reference plane, the lower side of the protruding rib structure 6 is set at an angle α with the lower side of the plate. The specific angle can be as follows: Figure 1 , 2 Positive angles can also be negative angles. The protruding rib structure 6 does not seal the outlet of the splice joint 3, but only reduces the width of the outlet of the splice joint 3. Because the lower side of the protruding rib structure 6 is set at an angle α with the lower side of the board, and the width of the outlet of the splice joint 3 is reduced to 1 / 3-4 / 5, it can effectively prevent gaseous water from entering the interior of the splice joint 3 from the outlet of the splice joint 3, and prevent water vapor from corroding and damaging the joint structure of the board. Specifically, α=2°-60°.

[0065] like Figure 3 In the third specific embodiment shown, the lower side of the protruding rib structure 6 is also set at a positive angle α with the lower side of the plate. However, the protruding rib structure is a single structure fixedly set on the first surface 1 or the second surface 2. Specifically, α = 2°-60°.

[0066] In one specific embodiment of this application, the roof structure is provided with a trapezoidal inlay-type mating structure 4. During installation, the panels are connected by a plug-in method, which meets the requirements of load-bearing capacity, wind uplift resistance, and airtightness of the connection. The panels are spliced ​​to form a splice seam 3, and the opening of the splice seam 3 is filled with colorless environmentally friendly sealant. The sealant is made of chlorinated butyl rubber IIR with a PTFE coating and contains hindered amine antioxidants. The inlay-type mating structure 4 in the middle of the splice seam 3 adopts a multi-level inlay-type mating and sealing structure: the wedge-shaped tight-fitting structure 41 is a trapezoidal gradually changing section cantilever; the auxiliary positioning part is a ratchet tight-fitting structure 42, which is a multi-level progressive locking ratchet. At the same time, the ratchet tight-fitting structure 42 also forms a Z-shaped labyrinth seal, and a turbulence suppression channel is formed between the group of first ratchet 421 and second ratchet 422. A protruding rib structure 6 is provided at the outlet of the splice seam 3. The lower side of the protruding rib structure 6 forms a guide angle α=2°-60° with the outlet plane of the splice seam 3.

[0067] According to another aspect of this application, the building or structure (a structure generally refers to an artificial building that does not have, contain, or provide human habitation functions, such as tunnels, bridges, television towers, etc.) includes a roof structure, which is the roof structure provided in this application.

[0068] According to the preferred technical solution of this application, multiple panels can be installed efficiently when constructing the roof structure. After installation, the roof is flat and without traces. The sealing material 7 at the opening of the splice joint 3 can effectively prevent water from entering. Even if a small amount of water enters, the drainage space 51 can promptly guide the water out. The lower part of the splice joint 3 is provided with a protruding rib structure 6 to prevent moisture in the air from entering, while also allowing water in the splice joint 3 to flow out, so as to keep the inside of the splice structure dry, which can effectively enhance the strength of the roof structure and extend its service life.

[0069] In addition, the roof structure of this application has high durability and low maintenance cost. The drainage space 51 and drainage device 5 make the roof structure waterproof, moisture-proof and corrosion-resistant, and can be used for a long time in harsh environments, reducing maintenance needs and effectively reducing the cost of use. At the same time, due to the reduction of assembly parts in conventional overlapping technology, the roof structure of this application has the characteristics of light weight and high strength, effectively reducing the building's self-weight and greatly saving the foundation cost.

[0070] The preferred embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. However, this application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this application, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of this application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0071] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0072] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this application can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this application, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by this invention.

Claims

1. A roof structure, the roof structure comprising: A plurality of plates are spliced to form a flat roof surface, characterized in that a mosaic matching structure (4) is arranged between adjacent plates, and a drainage device (5) is arranged between adjacent plates; Adjacent plates have a splicing joint (3), the cross-sectional profile of the splicing joint (3) is non-linear to form the mosaic matching structure (4); and The drainage device (5) is arranged below the splicing joint (3); The splicing joint (3) is formed between the first surface (1) and the second surface (2) of the adjacent plates, and the non-linear cross-sectional profiles of the first surface (1) and the second surface (2) correspond to each other to form the mosaic matching structure (4); The mosaic matching structure (4) includes a convex portion (411) arranged on the second surface (2) and a concave portion (412) arranged on the first surface (1), and the shapes and positions of the convex portion (411) and the concave portion (412) match each other; The roof structure includes a ratchet close structure (42) at the splicing joint (3), which includes a first ratchet (421) arranged on the first surface (1) and a second ratchet (422) arranged on the second surface and staggered with the first ratchet.

2. The roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that A waterproof sealing material (7) is arranged at the outside opening of the splicing joint (3).

3. The roof structure of claim 1, wherein, The splicing joint (3) forms a drainage space (51), and the drainage device (5) communicates with the drainage space (51) to drain at least part of the water in the drainage space, The cross-sectional profile of the drainage space (51) includes: A first emptying portion (511) extending downward from the outside opening of the splicing joint (3) to a lowest point (L) and then extending upward to a highest point (T) below the outside opening; A second emptying portion (512) extending downward from the highest point (T) to the inside opening of the splicing joint (3).

4. The roof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that The drainage device (5) includes a suction pump (522) communicating with the inside opening of the splicing joint (3) through a pipeline (523), The drainage space (51) is provided with a liquid level detector (524) between the lowest point (L) and the highest point (T), and the suction pump (522) is electrically connected with the liquid level detector (524) to control the working state of the suction pump (522) according to the control signal of the liquid level detector (524).

5. The roof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that The pipeline (523) includes a plurality of drainage pipes (5231), a plurality of cross pipes (5232), and a main pipe (5233), the plurality of drainage pipes (5231) are arranged along the length direction of the splicing joint (3) and vertically downward from the inside opening of the splicing joint (3), the plurality of cross pipes (5232) extend along the length direction of the splicing joint (3) and communicate with and converge into the main pipe (5233).

6. A building or structure characterised in that, The building or construction comprises a roof structure, said roof structure being a roof structure according to any one of claims 1-5.

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