Flow guiding and dispersing method for tunnel outlet pollutants

Abstract

The invention discloses a diversion and dispersion method for tunnel exit pollutants in the technical field of tunnel pollution discharge, which comprises a tunnel and air guide walls, the left and right sides of the tunnel are respectively provided with one air guide wall, through the design of the air guide walls, transverse wind power outside a tunnel entrance can be guided, and the monsoon wind direction of a sea area is generally stable; the wind guide walls are installed on the rails in a sliding mode through the wheel sets and can retract into the equipment gallery, so that the monsoon guide range is adjusted, according to the Bernoulli equation principle, monsoon bypasses when meeting resistance, the wind speed is greatly increased, the higher the wind speed is, the lower the pressure is, and therefore pollution airflow, close to the ground, in the wind guide walls on the two sides is sucked upwards to form negative pressure cyclones. And on the basis of the Gaussian diffusion effect, a plurality of groups of transverse hedging guide fans and longitudinal hedging guide fans are additionally arranged to hedge and pressurize air mixed with pollutants at the tunnel exit, so that vitiated air overflowing from the tunnel entrance is more easily extruded to the high altitude, and the effect of rapidly reducing the concentration of the pollutants around the tunnel is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air guiding walls, and in particular to a method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel engineering is built underground, underwater or in mountains. A tunnel is a building that facilitates vehicle passage. Its purpose is to shorten the distance and avoid large slope roads to meet the requirements of road construction, and also to avoid hazards such as brake failure or speeding caused by steep roads.

[0003] There are also some tunnels that are called underwater tunnels for crossing water areas; there are urban tunnels in cities, which also pass through the soil underground. Currently, the most common ones are mountain tunnels.

[0004] The inside of the tunnel is a closed road. However, pollutants such as automobile exhaust and dust raised by vehicle driving fill the inside of the tunnel. The pollutants will flow along the vehicle driving direction and will be concentrated and discharged at the tunnel exit due to the air flow. This causes poor air quality near the tunnel entrance. The discharged pollutants will settle near the tunnel exit, and the dust and polluted exhaust will accumulate at the tunnel exit and diffuse horizontally with the monsoon, gathering in a large amount at the low-altitude position around the tunnel entrance, generally within 10 meters. This seriously affects the lives of surrounding residents. Therefore, it is imperative to solve the problem of pollutant emissions.

[0005] The current methods are to build more ramps and install jet fans for exhaust; multiple vertical shafts are also drilled for high-altitude emissions. The ramp diversion has a high cost, requires relatively harsh available soil body and geological conditions around the tunnel, has a large construction difficulty, occupies a large amount of land, and is based on the principle of blowing air out of the tunnel. The internal air flow resistance is large, and a large number of fans are required. Especially for longer ramps, more fans are needed for relay blowing and exhaust, with high consumption and limited emission effect. It is difficult to reduce the point concentration of pollutants at the tunnel exit to a reasonable range. For vertical shaft emissions, it will cause damage to the above-ground buildings or mountains, and also cause damage to the tunnel structure. Especially for underwater tunnels, artificial islands need to be built, etc. The limiting conditions are too large and it is difficult to implement.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention designs a method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit, which can utilize the external wind force at the tunnel entrance, especially the influence of the monsoon climate, to generate a crosswind at the mountain cut of the tunnel entrance. The device is provided with vertical wind guide walls on both sides outside the tunnel entrance. Based on the principle of Bernoulli's equation, "the air flow velocity passing over the wind guide wall against the resistance will be greatly accelerated, and the greater the wind speed, the lower the pressure", thus forming an air pressure difference between the high and low altitudes of the road surface, so as to suck up the air flow near the ground of the wind guide wall upward, forming a cyclone effect, achieving the effect of guiding the free diffusion of pollutants to the high altitude by using physical conditions, and adding multiple groups of transverse and longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans to cooperate to pressurize the external clean air to form an air flow counter-flow, forcing the dirty air overflowing from the tunnel entrance to be discharged to the high altitude, achieving the purpose of quickly reducing the pollutant concentration and ensuring a clean and environmentally friendly living environment around the tunnel.

[0008] The present invention is implemented as follows: A method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit includes:

[0009] The dispersing device includes: a tunnel, a wind guide wall, a base, a transverse counter-flow guiding fan and a longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan;

[0010] A device corridor is provided on each of the left and right sides of the tunnel. The device corridor is a straight passage, and the device corridor is parallel to the axis at the tunnel exit;

[0011] The base is a long strip-shaped base arranged in a straight line. A track is provided on the top of the base, and the track completely covers the top of the base in the front-back direction; A base is laid inside each device corridor, and the base fills the inside of the device corridor, and the outer end of the base extends outside the device corridor, and the depth of the device corridor is less than the length of the base extending outside;

[0012] The wind guide wall is a vertically arranged flat plate structure. A wind guide wall is provided in each of the left and right device corridors. A plurality of wheel sets are evenly provided at the bottom of the wind guide wall, and the wind guide wall can be rolled and translated on the track through the wheel sets;

[0013] A plurality of transverse counter-flow guiding fans and a plurality of longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans are provided on each of the left and right sides of the tunnel. A plurality of transverse counter-flow guiding fans and a plurality of longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans are provided between the two wind guide walls and the road;

[0014] The anti-tilting frame is a door frame-shaped structure. The wind guide wall is horizontally arranged inside the anti-tilting frame. A hanging rail is also hung at the bottom of the top cross beam of the anti-tilting frame. A plurality of hanging wheels are also provided at the top of the wind guide wall, and the hanging wheels are rolled and hung on the hanging rail, and the wind guide wall is hung directly below the hanging rail through the hanging wheels;

[0015] The dispersing method includes the following steps:

[0016] Step S1: Use an anemometer and wind vane to detect the wind speed and direction within a certain range outside the tunnel exit. Adjust whether the wind guide wall extends out of the tunnel according to the measured wind direction. Match the number of transverse counter-flow guiding fans and multiple longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans based on the measured wind direction and speed until the total number of all fans can guide and change the natural wind direction.

[0017] Step S: Completely translate the wind guide wall outside the equipment corridor, and the rear end of the wind guide wall is flush with the tunnel exit.

[0018] Step S3: Install multiple transverse counter-flow guiding fans and multiple longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans between the wind guide wall and the road.

[0019] Step S4: The transverse counter-flow guiding fans on the same side are distributed in a straight line along the front-back direction, and the blowing direction of each transverse counter-flow guiding fan faces the center of the road. The longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans on the same side are also arranged in a straight line along the front-back direction, and the blowing direction of each longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan is directly opposite to the tunnel exit.

[0020] The transverse counter-flow guiding fans are at the rear end of the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans, and the blowing direction and height position of each longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan on the same side coincide.

[0021] The air outlet directions of each transverse counter-flow guiding fan are parallel and at the same height position.

[0022] Step S5: The height of the center of the blades of the transverse counter-flow guiding fans and longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans from the ground is between 2 - 4 meters.

[0023] Step S6: The number of transverse counter-flow guiding fans and longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans on each side is the same. The foremost longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan is flush with the foremost end of the wind guide wall, and the spacing between each adjacent transverse counter-flow guiding fan or longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan is the same.

[0024] Furthermore, a concrete retaining wall is poured between the tunnel and the equipment corridor. The retaining wall separates the tunnel and the equipment corridor. The outer end of the equipment corridor is open and the inner end is closed. The equipment corridor extends into the mountain body with a depth greater than the length s of the wind guide wall, and the difference in length does not exceed 3 meters.

[0025] Furthermore, the track consists of two parallel rails, and the distance between the two rails does not exceed 0.5 meters.

[0026] Furthermore, a plurality of bearings are evenly arranged at the bottom of the wind guide wall, and the bearings penetrate both sides of the wind guide wall in the left-right direction. The axes of the bearings on the same wind guide wall are in the same plane.

[0027] Driving motors are also installed on the wheel sets at the front and rear ends of the same air guiding wall.

[0028] The total length s of the air guiding wall is 15 to 80 meters, and the height h of the air guiding wall is between 5 and 8 meters.

[0029] Furthermore, braking wheels are provided at the bottoms of each of the transverse counter-flow guiding fans and the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 1, the average wind speed at the external sampling point of the tunnel exit is detected.

[0031] Furthermore, when one side of the road is the ocean and the monsoon continuously blows towards the ocean, the air guiding wall on the side close to the ocean is retracted into the equipment corridor; when the monsoon continuously blows from the ocean towards the land, the air guiding walls on both the left and right sides are simultaneously translated and extended outside the tunnel entrance.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention adds an air guiding wall, and the air guiding wall is installed on the track and can be conveniently moved, so as to block on both sides of the tunnel and can also be retracted into the equipment corridor, with convenient operation and facilitating flexible adjustment of the air flow near the tunnel entrance. When there are different wind directions in different seasons, the air guiding wall can be adjusted in cooperation with the wind direction and can also be retracted, with flexible adjustment, making the area above the tunnel entrance in a low-pressure state more often, facilitating the rapid upward diffusion of pollutants with relatively high pressure at low places, and avoiding the spread of pollutants to the surrounding low-altitude human settlement environment;

[0033] 2. The present device also adds multiple groups of fans, and the fan orientations form a boosting force and a tangential force with the external transverse wind, making it easier to form a cyclone at the tunnel entrance, thereby quickly squeezing and lifting the pollutants away and effectively avoiding the accumulation of pollutants;

[0034] 3. The air guiding walls of the present device are arranged on both sides of the tunnel. Using the principle of Bernoulli's equation, the air pressure at the bottom is greater and the air pressure above is smaller, reducing the exhaust resistance, reducing the wind force requirement, being more labor-saving, discharging pollutants more quickly, reducing the number and power of fans, having a lower requirement for wind force, and the present device does not need to additionally excavate vertical shafts and other ramps, causing little damage to the environment and the tunnel, with a simple structure and convenient construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the tunnel of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the tunnel of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3This is a front structural diagram of the present invention with the track and the pair of wheels separated;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the air guide wall of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wind guide wall of the present invention rising obliquely from the submarine tunnel;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic top view of the external structure of the tunnel of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the state in which the lateral wind passes over the wind guide wall of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the monsoon driving pollutants to one side according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-tilt frame and the wind guide wall in the coordinated state of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wind guide wall inside the anti-tilt frame of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hanging wheel and hanging rail of the present invention.

[0047] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows:

[0048] 1-tunnel, 11-equipment corridor, 12-retaining wall, 2-wind guide wall, 21-wheel set, 22-bearing, 23-axle, 3-base, 31-track, 4-transverse hedging guide fan, 41-longitudinal hedging guide fan, 5-anti-roll frame, 51-hanging rail, 52-hanging wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] See also Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the present invention provides a method for diverting and dispersing pollutants at a tunnel exit. In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0050] In a specific embodiment of the technical solution of the present invention:

[0051] It includes a tunnel 1, an air guide wall 2, a base 3, a horizontal hedging guide fan 4 and a longitudinal hedging guide fan 41;

[0052] On both the left and right sides of Tunnel 1, a equipment corridor 11 is provided. The equipment corridor 11 is a straight passage, which is parallel to the axis at the exit of Tunnel 1, that is, the equipment corridor 11 has the same traffic flow direction as that at the exit of Tunnel 1. A concrete retaining wall 12 is poured between Tunnel 1 and the equipment corridor 11. The retaining wall 12 isolates between Tunnel 1 and the equipment corridor 11. The outer end of the equipment corridor 11 is open and the inner end is closed. The equipment corridor 11 extends into the mountain body with a depth greater than the length s of the air guiding wall 2, and the length difference does not exceed 3 meters. Both ends of Tunnel 1 are open. Concrete reinforcement structures are poured outside both Tunnel 1 and the equipment corridor 11 to ensure its strong structure and enable it to bear the heavy pressure of the mountain body.

[0053] The pedestal 3 is a long strip-shaped base arranged in a straight line and is a solid structure made of concrete. A track 31 is provided on the top of the pedestal 3. The track 31 completely covers the top of the pedestal 3 in the front-back direction. The track 31 has exactly the same structure as the railway track structure, except that the interval between the two tracks 31 is relatively close. The track 31 consists of two parallel railway tracks, and the distance between the two tracks 31 does not exceed 0.5 meters.

[0054] A pedestal 3 is laid inside each equipment corridor 11. The pedestal 3 covers the entire inside of the equipment corridor 11, and the outer end of the pedestal 3 extends outside the equipment corridor 11. The depth of the equipment corridor 11 is less than the length of the pedestal 3 extending outside, that is, the length of the pedestal 3 inside the equipment corridor 11 is less than the length d extending outside, and the difference is 3 meters. Such a design enables the track 31 to be laid from inside the equipment corridor 11 all the way and extend outward to a position where the entire air guiding wall 2 can extend out. The covering length is preferably 15 meters extending outward from the entrance of Tunnel 1. Because in a windless environment, most of the pollutants inside Tunnel 1 settle and accumulate within about 10 meters near the tunnel entrance. When the seasonal wind blows, the pollutants follow the Gaussian diffusion model and diffuse orderly into the surrounding low-altitude environment. This device only needs to guide the pollutants at the entrance of Tunnel 1 from low-altitude horizontal diffusion to high-altitude diffusion, so that the remaining pollutants will not continue to extend horizontally outward, and the ecological health of the surrounding human settlement environment can be ensured.

[0055] The air guiding wall 2 is a vertically arranged flat plate structure. An air guiding wall 2 is provided in each of the equipment corridors 11 on the left and right sides. A plurality of wheel sets 21 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the air guiding wall 2. The air guiding wall 2 can be rolled and translated on the track 31 through the wheel sets 21. A plurality of bearings 22 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the air guiding wall 2, and the bearings 22 penetrate through both sides of the air guiding wall 2 in the left-right direction. The axes of the bearings 22 on the same air guiding wall 2 are in the same plane.

[0056] Drive motors are also installed on the wheel sets 21 at the front and rear ends of the same air guiding wall 2; the air guiding wall 2 can be a steel plate with a sandwich layer, or a lightweight PVC composite material plate. If the structural strength is sufficient, it can also be a brick-concrete wall built by masonry. The material is not limited as long as it can block the crosswind outside the tunnel 1 and provide stable support.

[0057] The total length s of the air guiding wall 2 is 15 - 18 meters, and the height h of the air guiding wall 2 is between 5 - 8 meters. It is adjusted according to the height of the tunnel 1, and the height and length of the air guiding wall 2 are also designed based on the concentration of pollutants discharged at the tunnel exit, the monsoon wind speed at this location, and the heights on both sides of the tunnel 1. Such specific data of this device are only the best applicable range, and conventional tunnels also have their fixed size requirements;

[0058] Generally, for a single-track tunnel: the height is 6.6 - 7.0 meters, and the width is between 4.9 - 5.6 meters. For a double-track tunnel: the height is generally 7.2 - 8.0 meters, and the width is 8.8 - 10.6 meters. The ground exit of the sea tunnel can be heightened and widened as needed. The actual height and length of the air guiding wall 2 of this device are also designed considering the size of the tunnel 1.

[0059] Multiple anti-tilting frames 5 are also provided outside the air guiding wall 2. The anti-tilting frame 5 is of a door frame structure. The distance between every two adjacent anti-tilting frames 5 is 5 - 10 meters. The anti-tilting frames 5 need to extend from beginning to end above the track 31. The heights and sizes of multiple anti-tilting frames 5 are the same, so that multiple anti-tilting frames 5 form a uniformly spaced channel shape, and the air guiding wall 2 is horizontally penetrated inside the channel formed by the anti-tilting frames 5.

[0060] A suspension rail 51 is also hung at the bottom of the top cross beam of the anti-tilting frame 5. The suspension rail 51 is a grooved guide rail with an open bottom made of section steel. Multiple suspension wheels 52 are also provided at the top of the air guiding wall 2. One set of suspension wheels 52 is provided every 5 meters. The top of the air guiding wall 2 is rolled and hung on the suspension rail 51 through the suspension wheels 52, and the air guiding wall 2 is hung directly below the suspension rail 51 through the suspension wheels 52;

[0061] In this way, the top of the air guiding wall 2 is positioned by the suspension wheels 52 and the suspension rail 51, and the bottom is limited by the track 31 and the wheel sets 21, forming a more stable movable wall. The suspension wheels 52 and the suspension rail 51 need to use industrial hoisting equipment with sufficient strength to ensure the stable support of the air guiding wall 2. The anti-tilting frame 5 uses a pile foundation concrete frame to ensure the support strength.

[0062] Multiple transverse counter-flow guiding fans 4 and multiple longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans 41 are provided on both the left and right sides of the tunnel 1. The transverse counter-flow guiding fans 4 and the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans 41 can be (rainproof) box-type centrifugal fans.

[0063] Multiple transverse counter-flow guiding fans 4 and multiple longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans 41 are provided between the air guiding walls 2 on both sides and the road;

[0064] The lateral counter-flow guiding fans 4 on the same side are arranged in a straight line in the front-back direction, and the blowing direction of each lateral counter-flow guiding fan 4 faces the center of the road;

[0065] The longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans 41 on the same side are also arranged in a straight line in the front-back direction, and the blowing direction of each longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 is directly opposite to the exit of the tunnel 1.

[0066] The lateral counter-flow guiding fans 4 are located at the rear of the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans 41. The blowing directions and height positions of each longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 on the same side coincide, enabling the air blown by each longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 to be connected in sequence, forming an effect of sequential acceleration. That is, on the side of each row near the exit of the tunnel 1, i.e., the rear inlet of the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41, it is on the blowing path of the front longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41; at the same time, the airflow at the high-speed exit induces the surrounding air and together increases the pressure on the reverse monsoon and pollutants.

[0067] The outlet directions of each lateral counter-flow guiding fan 4 are parallel and at the same height position. The blowing direction of the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 is directly opposite to the outlet of the lateral counter-flow guiding fan 4. That is, the lateral counter-flow guiding fan 4 is arranged close to the air guiding wall 2, while the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 is arranged close to the road. Each fan is controlled by a controller, and the controller is arranged inside the equipment corridor 11. The fan mainly operates its wind force, and the fan is considered for rain protection settings;

[0068] Brake wheels are installed at the bottom of each lateral counter-flow guiding fan 4 and longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41, which facilitates movement. In seasons when the pollutants discharged under the Gaussian diffusion effect by the lateral counter-flow guiding fans 4 and longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans 41 meet the environmental protection requirements, they can be retracted into the equipment corridor 11, which also facilitates adjusting the airflow direction to ensure the generation of an upward air vortex at the exit of the tunnel 1, thereby dispersing the pollutants and turbid air.

[0069] It should be noted that:

[0070] 1. The principle of Bernoulli equation is widely used in various fluid environments, that is, when the air flow speed is inconsistent, the high-speed flow area produces smaller pressure, forming a pressure difference. This device uses this principle. When the horizontal wind blows over the top of the wind guide wall 2, the wind speed is fast, and the wind speed on the road surface at the bottom of the wind guide wall 2 is slow, which leads to a pressure difference and low air pressure at the top, thereby forming a continuously rising cyclone. The horizontal counter-flow guide fan 4 and the longitudinal counter-flow guide fan 41 of this device blow air to the center of the road and the tunnel exit to form an auxiliary positive pressure airflow, thereby forming a larger range of rising cyclones at the bottom of the road. As long as the wind force is greater, the pressure difference between the high and low altitudes of the tunnel exit road will be greater, the cyclone lift will be greater, the air flow speed will be faster, and the sewage discharge effect will be better. When the external horizontal wind flow is insufficient, the wind force of the horizontal counter-flow guide fan 4 and the longitudinal counter-flow guide fan 41 can be increased. When the external horizontal wind flow is sufficient, only a small fan or no fan blowing is required;

[0071] 2. According to the Gaussian diffusion model, pollutants within Tunnel 1 diffuse in an orderly manner along the road near the exit of Tunnel 1 for a long time and are difficult to disperse. This is the main reason for the serious pollution in the surrounding living areas. The diffusion rate of pollutants is proportional to the emission height of the pollution source. As long as the pollutants are quickly raised, the diffusion rate will double, and it will be difficult for polluted gases and particulate matter to accumulate near the exit of Tunnel 1, which will indirectly reduce pollution and reduce the content of polluted air such as CO and PM2.5 in the low-altitude area around the exit of Tunnel 1.

[0072] 3. This device is also suitable for mountain tunnels with long walls on both sides of the exit of tunnel 1. Especially when the mountain is excavated, the tunnel entrance is generally blocked by mountains on both sides, forming a groove road with an open top. This type of road is more likely to accumulate pollutants. This device is also suitable for such an environment. In areas with monsoons, the lifting force of this device can be effectively enhanced, and the air-inducing and sewage-discharging effect is better.

[0073] 4. Conventional diversion walls are fixed masonry and cannot be adjusted when the wind direction changes or the wind force changes. This completely fixed diversion wall may hinder the sewage discharge of the tunnel 1 in certain specific wind directions. At this time, the wind guide wall 2 of this device can be pushed and retracted into the equipment corridor 11 to change the flow state of the horizontal wind and avoid the occurrence of obstruction of pollutant diffusion. 5. Under the Gaussian diffusion effect, the tunnel emits less pollutants and meets the environmental protection requirements in the season. The wind guide wall 2, the horizontal hedge guide fan 4 and the longitudinal hedge guide fan 41 can all be retracted into the equipment corridor 11.

[0074] When the present invention is in use, the pollutant concentration at the collection point, the wind speed and direction around the tunnel entrance are first monitored, and then the length and height of the air guide wall 2 and the configuration of the longitudinal axial hedging guide fan are set according to the pollutant concentration, wind force and wind direction.

[0075] Control the drive motor on the wheel set 21 to activate the drive of the wheel sets 21 at both the front and rear ends of the air guide wall 2 until the air guide wall 2 is translated to the designated position, and then lock the wheel set 21. The wheel set 21 is a common train support structure and is already a mature device. Just activate the brakes. This device only needs to place the air guide wall 2 in the required position and lock it.

[0076] Then adjust the position of the fans. The ones placed close to the tunnel 1 are the lateral counterflow guiding fans 4. Arrange the lateral counterflow guiding fans 4 in a straight line, and install the lateral counterflow guiding fans 4 on both sides of the road outside the tunnel 1. The blowing direction of each lateral counterflow guiding fan 4 is towards the center of the road, perpendicular to the vehicle driving direction, that is, blowing from the outside of the road towards the inside to form multiple parallel winds.

[0077] Then install the longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41. The longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 are also arranged in a straight line. However, the wind blown by the longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 forms a relay wind. That is, the height position and blowing direction of each longitudinal counterflow guiding fan 41 are the same. The longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 blow towards the exit direction of the tunnel 1, that is, parallel to the vehicle driving direction, and need to blow the gas far away outside the tunnel 1 towards the entrance of the tunnel 1, and connect the winds in sequence so that the wind blown by the longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 continues as a jet wind.

[0078] And the wind blown by the longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 is directly on the blowing path of the lateral counterflow guiding fans 4. At the same time, the longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 should be at the front end of the lateral counterflow guiding fans 4, that is, closer to the road direction, so that the wind blown by the longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 counteracts the monsoon blowing towards the land direction, forcing the polluted gas in the tunnel exit road to rise to a high altitude and disperse.

[0079] Since the air guide wall 2 blocks the left and right sides outside the tunnel 1, the lateral counterflow guiding fans 4 and the longitudinal counterflow guiding fans 41 also need to be installed on the left and right sides of the tunnel 1 to ensure positive pressure at the tunnel 1 exit, thereby generating a stable rising air vortex.

[0080] When the top of the air guide wall 2 encounters a crosswind, the crosswind climbs over the air guide wall 2. According to the Bernoulli equation principle, the air flow speed above the air guide wall 2 is fast and the pressure is low, while the pollution air flow speed in the middle of the road in the area of the air guide wall 2 is relatively slow and the pressure is high. In this way, a Bernoulli effect space will be formed in the area between the external road of the tunnel 1 and the air guide walls 2 on both sides. The part of the road close to the ground generates high pressure, while the part above the road generates low pressure. The air flow will flow upward by itself. Even without the blowing of the fan, the gas at the tunnel entrance will generate an upward lifting force, forming an upward "chimney" effect, quickly lifting the polluted gas at the tunnel entrance to a high altitude and dispersing it, achieving the sewage discharge effect. This device is based on the Gaussian diffusion model, flexibly applies the Bernoulli effect, and combines them in the same scenario to form a powerful gas emission effect, which can quickly disperse the polluted gas in the tunnel entrance space upward instead of diffusing it horizontally and low in altitude, making the surrounding living environment meet the environmental protection requirements.

[0081] The sea area monsoon wind direction is generally relatively stable. Therefore, this dispersion device is mostly applicable to coastal areas. The air guide wall 2 is slidably installed on the track 31 through wheel sets and can be retracted into the equipment corridor to adjust the monsoon guiding range. Based on the Gaussian diffusion model, the horizontally blowing lateral monsoon without interference will cause the pollutants to quickly diffuse close to the ground, while this air guide wall 2 device makes the lateral monsoon "hit" the air guide wall in advance and accelerate over the air guide wall 2. According to the Bernoulli equation principle, when the monsoon encounters an obstacle and bypasses, the wind speed will increase greatly. The greater the wind speed, the lower the pressure, so as to suck up the polluted air flow close to the ground in the air guide walls on both sides, forming a negative pressure cyclone. In addition, multiple sets of transverse counter-flow guiding fans 4 and longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans 41 are added to cooperate to counter-flow pressurize the air mixed with the pollutants at the exit of the tunnel 1, making it easier to squeeze the dirty air overflowing from the tunnel 1 entrance to a high altitude, achieving the effect of quickly reducing the pollutant concentration around the tunnel. When the longitudinal monsoon faces the sea area, the air guide wall 2 can be retracted into the equipment corridor to guide the pollutants to quickly diffuse into the sea area.

[0082] According to Article 4.2 of the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095_2012), it can be seen from Table 1 of the quality requirements for ambient air functional areas that the co emission concentration limit at the sampling port at the tunnel entrance end is 10 mg / m3, which is equivalent to 8 ppm. According to Table 5.3.1 of the Highway Tunnel Ventilation Design Rules, when L > 3000 m, the co concentration limit in the tunnel is 100 ppm, which is 12.5 times that of the ambient air requirement. For the pollution monitoring points of road traffic, when the sampling port outside the tunnel exceeds the standard according to the national standard requirements, the pollutant dispersion operation can be completed through this step.

[0083] When the pollutant concentration at the outlet of Tunnel 1 exceeds the standard, this dispersion device is activated. The pollutants are determined by the exhaust gas of traffic vehicles. If there are few vehicles, such as in winter nights, and the pollutants do not exceed the standard, there is no need to turn on the pollutant dispersion device. In the case of exceeding the standard, it is judged whether to turn on the fan or use the wind guiding wall according to the wind direction. The two can be used together or separately.

[0084] The dispersion method includes the following steps:

[0085] Step S1, use an anemometer to detect the wind speed and wind direction outside the outlet of Tunnel 1; the height of its sampling port from the ground should be within the range of 2 - 5m, and the distance of the sampling port from the road edge is within 20 meters. After detecting the wind direction, it is necessary to install the wind guiding wall 2 to cooperate with the wind direction, and adjust whether the wind guiding wall 2 extends out of Tunnel 1 according to the measured wind direction; and match the number of the transverse counter - flow guiding fans 4 and multiple longitudinal counter - flow guiding fans 41 according to the measured wind direction and wind speed until the total number of all fans can guide and change the natural wind direction;

[0086] Step S2, the wind guiding wall 2 is completely translated outside the equipment corridor 11, and the rear end of the wind guiding wall 2 is flush with the outlet of Tunnel 1; the length of the wind guiding wall 2 is 15 - 80 meters, and the height is 5 - 8 meters. It can be designed, constructed and built according to the local monsoon and actual pollution situation;

[0087] Step S3, install multiple transverse counter - flow guiding fans 4 and multiple longitudinal counter - flow guiding fans 41 between the wind guiding wall 2 and the road;

[0088] Step S4, the transverse counter - flow guiding fans 4 on the same side are distributed in a straight line along the front - rear direction, and the blowing direction of each transverse counter - flow guiding fan 4 faces the center of the road. The longitudinal counter - flow guiding fans 41 on the same side are also arranged in a straight line along the front - rear direction, and the blowing direction of each longitudinal counter - flow guiding fan 41 faces the sea area direction of Tunnel 1;

[0089] The transverse counter - flow guiding fans 4 are at the rear end of the longitudinal counter - flow guiding fans 41, and the blowing direction and height position of each longitudinal counter - flow guiding fan 41 on the same side coincide;

[0090] The outlet directions of each transverse counter - flow guiding fan 4 are parallel and at the same height position;

[0091] Step S5, the height of the center of the blades of the transverse counter - flow guiding fans 4 and the longitudinal counter - flow guiding fans 41 from the ground is between 2 - 4 meters;

[0092] Step S6, the number of the transverse counter - flow guiding fans 4 and the longitudinal counter - flow guiding fans 41 on each side is the same, and the most front - end longitudinal counter - flow guiding fan 41 is flush with the most front - end of the wind guiding wall 2, and the distance between each adjacent transverse counter - flow guiding fan 4 or longitudinal counter - flow guiding fan 41 is the same.

[0093] When the monsoon blows from the sea area towards the land and the included angle between the center line of the road at the exit of Tunnel 1 and the monsoon direction is < 45°; completely translate the air guiding wall 2 to the outside of the equipment corridor 11, and the rear end of the air guiding wall 2 is flush with the exit of Tunnel 1. At the same time, turn on the transverse counter-flow guiding fan 4 or the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 to cooperate with the monsoon to blow the polluted air flow towards the high altitude. At this time, it is impossible to blow the polluted air flow towards the sea surface. Only extend both sides of the air guiding wall 2 and guide the air flow to blow towards the high altitude;

[0094] When the monsoon blows from the land towards the sea area, completely retract the air guiding wall 2 into the equipment corridor 11, and at the same time turn on the transverse counter-flow guiding fan 4 or the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 to cooperate with the monsoon to blow the polluted air flow towards the sea area. When the included angle between the center line of the road at the exit of Tunnel 1 and the monsoon direction is ≥ 45°; completely translate the air guiding wall 2 to the outside of the equipment corridor 11, and at the same time turn on the transverse counter-flow guiding fan 4 or the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 to cooperate with the monsoon to blow the polluted air flow towards the sea area.

[0095] As long as there is a monsoon and one side is in a low altitude situation, such as an uninhabited situation like a sandy land, a cliff, a depression, etc., the air guiding wall 2 on the lower side can be retracted, and the air guiding wall 2 on the side where the monsoon blows can be extended for flow guiding. Completely translate the air guiding wall 2 to the outside of the equipment corridor 11, and the rear end of the air guiding wall 2 is flush with the exit of Tunnel 1, as Figure 8 shown, and at the same time turn on the transverse counter-flow guiding fan 4 or the longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan 41 to cooperate with the monsoon to blow the polluted air flow towards the lower place.

[0096] The inner end referred to in this device refers to the inside of Tunnel 1, that is, the direction of the vehicle tail, which is also the rear end, while the front end refers to the outside direction of Tunnel 1, that is, the direction directly facing the vehicle head; the inner side of the air guiding wall 2 refers to the side facing the road, and the outer side of the air guiding wall 2 refers to the side facing away from the road and blocking the external crosswind; the center refers to the center of the road, the front-back direction refers to the direction of vehicle travel on the road, and the left and right sides refer to the left and right sides of the road where the vehicle travels. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0097] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments we described are illustrative only and not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the scope protected by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit, characterized in that The dispersion device includes: a tunnel (1), a wind guide wall (2), a pedestal (3), a lateral counter-flow guiding fan (4), a longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan (41), and an anti-tilting frame (5); On both the left and right sides of the tunnel (1), a device corridor (11) is provided. The device corridor (11) is a straight passage, and the device corridor (11) is parallel to the axis at the exit of the tunnel (1); The pedestal (3) is a long strip-shaped base arranged in a straight line. A track (31) is provided on the top of the pedestal (3), and the track (31) completely covers the top of the pedestal (3) in the front-back direction; A pedestal (3) is laid inside each device corridor (11). The pedestal (3) fills the inside of the device corridor (11), and the outer end of the pedestal (3) extends outside the device corridor (11). The depth of the device corridor (11) is less than the length of the pedestal (3) extending outside it; The wind guide wall (2) is a vertically arranged flat plate structure. A wind guide wall (2) is provided in each of the device corridors (11) on both the left and right sides. A plurality of wheel sets (21) are evenly provided at the bottom of the wind guide wall (2), and the wind guide wall (2) can be rolled and translated on the track (31) through the wheel sets (21); A plurality of lateral counter-flow guiding fans (4) and a plurality of longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans (41) are provided on both the left and right sides of the tunnel (1). A plurality of lateral counter-flow guiding fans (4) and a plurality of longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans (41) are provided between the two wind guide walls (2) and the road; The anti-tilting frame (5) is a door frame-shaped structure. The wind guide wall (2) passes through the inside of the anti-tilting frame (5) horizontally. A suspension track (51) is also hung at the bottom of the top cross beam of the anti-tilting frame (5). A plurality of suspension wheels (52) are also provided at the top of the wind guide wall (2). The suspension wheels (52) roll and hang on the suspension track (51), and the wind guide wall (2) is hung directly below the suspension track (51) through the suspension wheels (52); The dispersion method includes the following steps: Step S1, use an anemometer to detect the wind speed and wind direction in a certain range outside the exit of the tunnel (1). Adjust whether the wind guide wall (2) extends out of the tunnel (1) according to the measured wind direction; And match the number of the lateral counter-flow guiding fans (4) and a plurality of longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans (41) according to the measured wind direction and wind speed until the total number of all fans can guide and change the natural wind direction; Step S2, the wind guide wall (2) is completely translated outside the device corridor (11), and the rear end of the wind guide wall (2) is flush with the exit of the tunnel (1); Step S3, place a plurality of lateral counter-flow guiding fans (4) and a plurality of longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans (41) between the wind guide wall (2) and the road; Step S4, the lateral counter-flow guiding fans (4) on the same side are distributed in a straight line in the front-back direction, and the blowing direction of each lateral counter-flow guiding fan (4) faces the center of the road. The longitudinal counter-flow guiding fans (41) on the same side are also arranged in a straight line in the front-back direction, and the blowing direction of each longitudinal counter-flow guiding fan (41) is directly opposite to the sea area direction of the tunnel (1); The transverse counter-jet guiding fan (4) is located at the rear end of the longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41), and the blowing directions and height positions of each longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41) on the same side coincide; The air outlet directions of each transverse counter-jet guiding fan (4) are parallel and at the same height position; Step S5, the height from the blade center of the transverse counter-jet guiding fan (4) and the longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41) to the ground is between 2 and 4 meters; Step S6, the number of transverse counter-jet guiding fans (4) and longitudinal counter-jet guiding fans (41) on each side is the same, and the frontmost longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41) is flush with the frontmost end of the air guiding wall (2), and the spacing between each adjacent transverse counter-jet guiding fan (4) or longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41) is the same.

2. The diversion and dispersion method for pollutants at the tunnel exit according to claim 1, wherein: A concrete retaining wall (12) is poured between the tunnel (1) and the equipment corridor (11). The retaining wall (12) isolates between the tunnel (1) and the equipment corridor (11). The outer end of the equipment corridor (11) is open and the inner end is closed. The equipment corridor (11) is opened into the mountain body with a depth greater than the length s of the air guiding wall (2), and the length difference does not exceed 3 meters.

3. A method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track (31) is composed of two parallel rails, and the distance between the two rails (31) does not exceed 0.5 meters.

4. A method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of bearings (22) are evenly arranged at the bottom of the air guiding wall (2), and the bearings (22) penetrate through both sides of the air guiding wall (2) in the left-right direction. The axes of the bearings (22) on the same air guiding wall (2) are in the same plane; Drive motors are also installed on the wheel sets (21) at the front and rear ends of the same air guiding wall (2); The total length s of the air guiding wall (2) is 15 to 80 meters, and the height h of the air guiding wall (2) is between 5 and 8 meters.

5. A method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Brake wheels are provided at the bottom of each transverse counter-jet guiding fan (4) and longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41).

6. A method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at a tunnel exit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the average wind speed at the sampling point outside the outlet of the tunnel (1) is detected.

7. A method for guiding and dispersing pollutants at the tunnel exit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the monsoon blows from the sea to the land, the air guiding wall (2) is completely translated outside the equipment corridor (11), and the rear end of the air guiding wall (2) is flush with the outlet of the tunnel (1). At the same time, the transverse counter-jet guiding fan (4) or the longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41) is turned on to cooperate with the monsoon to blow the polluted air flow to a high altitude; When the monsoon blows from the land to the sea, the air guiding wall (2) is completely retracted into the equipment corridor (11). At the same time, the transverse counter-jet guiding fan (4) or the longitudinal counter-jet guiding fan (41) is turned on to cooperate with the monsoon to blow the polluted air flow to the sea.

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