Variable underlying surface simulation method based on NOAH-MP land surface mode

Abstract

The invention discloses a change underlying surface simulation method based on a NOAH-MP land surface mode. Comprising the steps that a NOAH-MP land surface mode and a WRF-Lake mode are coupled, initialized data of an operation mode is generated based on static geographic data, reanalysis data and the like, finally, each cycle of a mode main program comprises the steps that atmosphere driving data and lake depth data are input, the underlying surface type change condition is judged through the lake depth data, and according to the change condition, the underlying surface type is determined. Data such as soil temperature, soil humidity, lake layering and lake temperature are processed. According to the method, numerical simulation of lake-land dynamic change underlying surface conditions is realized, so that water heat exchange between a reservoir hydro-fluctuation area, a seasonal lake, a coastal mud flat and other areas in the reservoir operation process and the atmosphere is effectively reflected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of weather prediction, and in particular to a simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model. Background Art

[0002] At present, mesoscale weather and climate numerical simulation has become an important means to study the impact of human activities on climate. In the current numerical models, the type of the underlying surface is fixed. In the past, for the climate change caused by the change of the underlying surface, two fixed underlying surfaces before and after the change of the underlying surface were often used as the input data of the model for simulation respectively, and then the simulation results were compared to determine the impact of the change of the underlying surface on the climate. However, in some cases, this is not suitable. For example, for a reservoir built by humans, during the water storage period, the change of the underlying surface of some land areas, or the change of the underlying surface of the land area flooded by seasonal lakes. In this case, some areas will experience multiple changes between the land underlying surface and the lake in the actual numerical simulation. Therefore, the original simulation scheme cannot well reflect the change between the land underlying surface and the lake. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Object of the Invention: The object of the present invention is to provide a simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model to be applicable to the land surface simulation in the case of lake-land change.

[0004] Technical Solution: The simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0005] S1. Construct a coupled model of the NOAH-MP land surface model and the WRF-Lake model. In the determination of water bodies skipped in the NOAH-MP land surface model of the coupled model, add the determination of whether it is a lake underlying surface. If the underlying surface type is a lake, call the WRF-Lake, and make the number of soil layers in the WRF-Lake model the same as that in the NOAH-MP model, and the thickness of each soil layer the same as that in the NOAH-MP model;

[0006] S2. Initialize the coupled model according to the static geographical data and the observed soil moisture and temperature data or the soil moisture and temperature data of the reanalysis data.

[0007] S3. Based on the initialized coupled model, first, judge the change situation of the lake and land surface types according to the lake depth data at the previous moment and the currently input lake depth data, so as to reflect the lake-land changing underlying surface in the coupled model, including four change situations: changing from a lake to land, changing from land to a lake, the lake depth changing, and other situations, and change the soil parameters or lake-related parameters according to the change situation of the surface type. Finally, under the drive of the atmospheric forcing data, if the surface type at the current moment is a lake, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the lake and the atmosphere, the lake surface temperature, the thermal process and hydrological process of the lake and soil layer according to the input atmospheric forcing data; if the surface type at the current moment is land, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the soil and the atmosphere, the land surface temperature, the soil thermal process, the hydrological process and the biochemical process according to the input atmospheric forcing data; finally, obtain the surface temperature, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux.

[0008] Furthermore, initialize the coupled model, including: initialize the NOAH-MP model according to the WRF static geographical data and the observed soil temperature and humidity data or the soil temperature and humidity data of the reanalysis data, and use the pre-processing program WPS of the WRF model to generate the wrfinput file, which describes the land type, terrain and soil state information.

[0009] Furthermore, the lake depth data is the lake depth lakedepth. If lakedepth = 0, the surface type is land; if lakedepth > 0, the surface type is a lake.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific processing methods for the four surface change situations are as follows:

[0011] If the land surface type changes to a lake, first, change the surface parameters to the lake type and save the original surface type. Secondly, calculate the depth and thickness of each layer of the lake according to the lake depth data, calculate the initial temperature of each layer of the lake according to the surface temperature, the temperature of the soil layer inherits from the soil temperature calculated at the previous moment, and the soil humidity is the maximum soil humidity, that is, the soil saturated water content;

[0012] If the surface type changes from a lake to land, first, if the surface type has been reserved before, change it to the previous surface type; otherwise, change the surface type to the bare land surface, and at the same time change the soil type to sandy clay loam; the temperature in the soil layer is the temperature of the lake soil layer at the previous moment, and the soil humidity is the maximum soil humidity, that is, the soil saturated water content;

[0013] If the surface type at the previous moment and the current moment are both lakes and the lake depth changes, recalculate the thickness and depth parameters of each layer of the lake, and the temperature of each layer of the lake remains unchanged;

[0014] If it is other cases, the parameters of the original coupling model remain unchanged.

[0015] Furthermore, for a certain grid element with the lake depth of lakedepth, the calculation steps for the actual thickness dzlake of each layer of the lake and the distance zlake from the center point of each layer of the lake to the lake surface are as follows:

[0016] If lakedepth > 1.0m, the actual thickness of the nth layer of the lake is:

[0017]

[0018] where lakedepth is the lake depth; N is the number of lake layers; dzlak(n) is the normalized thickness of the nth layer of the lake; dzlake(n) is the actual thickness of the nth layer of the lake; r depth is the ratio of the lake depth to the normalized lake depth;

[0019] If 0 < lakedepth ≤ 1, the actual thickness of each layer of the lake is:

[0020] dzlake = lakedepth / N;

[0021] Then the distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface is:

[0022]

[0023] where zlake(n) is the distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface, and dzlake(i) is the actual thickness of the ith layer of the lake.

[0024] Furthermore, the ratio r of the lake depth to the normalized lake depth depth The calculation formula is:

[0025]

[0026] where zlak(n) is the normalized distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface.

[0027] Furthermore, for the initialization of the lake and the calculation of the temperature of each layer of the lake when the underlying surface type changes from land to lake are as follows:

[0028]

[0029] where Tlake(n) is the temperature of the nth layer of the lake, Tsk is the lake surface temperature, and zlake(n) is the distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface.

[0030] A simulation system for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model corresponding to the method, comprising:

[0031] A coupled model construction unit, configured to construct a coupled model of the NOAH-MP land surface model and the WRF-Lake model. In the determination of water bodies skipped in the NOAH-MP land surface model of the coupled model, the determination of whether it is a lake underlying surface is added. When the underlying surface type is a lake, WRF-Lake is called, and the number of soil layers in the WRF-Lake model is changed to be the same as that in the NOAH-MP model, and the thickness of each soil layer is the same as that in the NOAH-MP model;

[0032] A coupled model initialization unit, configured to initialize the coupled model according to static geographical data and observed soil moisture and temperature data or soil moisture and temperature data of reanalysis data;

[0033] A numerical simulation unit, based on the initialized coupled model, first determines the change situation of the lake and land underlying surface types according to the lake depth data at the previous moment and the currently input lake depth data, so as to reflect the lake-land changing underlying surface in the coupled model, including four change situations: changing from a lake to land, changing from land to a lake, the lake depth changing, and other situations, and changes the soil parameters or lake-related parameters according to the change situation of the underlying surface type. Finally, under the drive of the atmospheric driving data, if the underlying surface type at the current moment is a lake, the heat and water exchange process between the lake and the atmosphere, the lake surface temperature, the thermal process and hydrological process of the lake and soil layers are calculated according to the input atmospheric driving data; if the underlying surface type at the current moment is land, the heat and water exchange process between the soil and the atmosphere, the land surface temperature, the soil thermal process, the hydrological process and the biochemical process are calculated according to the input atmospheric driving data; finally, the surface temperature, the latent heat flux and the sensible heat flux are obtained.

[0034] An electronic device for storing and executing the method, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program / instructions stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program / instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model.

[0035] A computer-readable storage medium for storing and executing the method, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are called, they are used to execute the steps of the simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model.

[0036] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the remarkable technical effects of the present invention are as follows: By implementing a method for changing the lake-land surface in the coupled model of NOAH-MP and WRF-Lake, the energy fluxes and water fluxes between the land or lake and the atmosphere in areas such as the reservoir drawdown zone, coastal tidal flats, and seasonal lake areas can be more accurately simulated. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is the change of the depths of four ideal test lakes over time in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the monthly average surface temperature, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux simulated by the model in the summer of 2014, where (a) is the surface temperature, (b) is the latent heat flux, and (c) is the sensible heat flux. Detailed Embodiments

[0040] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] Based on the current demand for simulating lake-land changes in land surface models, the present invention proposes a land surface simulation applicable to lake-land changes based on a coupled model of the Noah land surface model (NOAH-MP) with multiple physics and the lake model (WRF-Lake) in the mesoscale weather and climate model (WRF), and uses external forcing to input lake surface elevation data to calculate the changes in the lake-land surface. Specifically, it includes three cases. (1) The lake depth changes; (2) The land surface changes to the lake surface; (3) The lake surface changes to the land surface.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, the simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0043] S1. Construct a coupled model of the NOAH-MP model and the WRF-Lake model;

[0044] Since the original NOAH-MP model does not include the relevant calculation process of water bodies and will skip when encountering water bodies such as lakes, the WRF-Lake model and the NOAH-MP land surface model are coupled. In the determination of skipping water bodies in the original NOAH-MP, the determination of whether the underlying surface is a lake is added. If the underlying surface type is a lake, WRF-Lake is called; at the same time, the number of soil layers in the WRF-Lake model is changed to be the same as that in the NOAH-MP model, that is, the number of soil layers in the WRF-Lake model is changed to 4 layers, and the thickness of each soil layer is the same as that in the NOAH-MP model. The thicknesses of the 4 soil layers are 0.1m, 0.3m, 0.6m, and 1.0m respectively.

[0045] S2. Initialize the coupled model in step S1 according to static geographical data (such as land type, regional / grid information, terrain, vegetation, and static soil properties) and the observed soil moisture and temperature data or the soil moisture and temperature data of reanalysis data.

[0046] In this embodiment, the static geographical data uses the data provided by the official and is generated into a wrfinput file based on the WRF preprocessing system (WPS) in combination with reanalysis data. This file describes information such as land type, terrain, and soil state.

[0047] S3. Based on the initialized coupled model, first judge the change situation of the lake and land underlying surface types according to the lake depth data at the previous moment and the currently input lake depth data, and update the relevant parameters. Finally, use the atmospheric driving data to drive the operation of the coupled model. The specific calculation of the t-th cycle is as follows.

[0048] (1) Input the atmospheric driving data and lake depth data corresponding to the time of the current cycle number.

[0049] In this embodiment, the atmospheric driving data in step S3 includes the surface 2m air temperature, 2m humidity, meridional surface 10m wind speed, zonal surface 10m wind speed, surface air pressure, and downward short-wave radiation.

[0050] (2) Determine the change in the underlying surface type based on the underlying surface types at the previous and current moments, which specifically includes four cases: changing from a lake to land, from land to a lake, a change in lake depth, and other cases. Then, change the soil parameters (such as soil moisture and temperature) or lake-related parameters (such as lake temperature and depth) according to the change in the underlying surface type. Finally, if the underlying surface type at the current moment is a lake, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the lake and the atmosphere, the lake surface temperature, and the thermal and hydrological processes of the lake and soil layer based on the input atmospheric driving data; if the underlying surface type at the current moment is land, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the soil and the atmosphere, the land surface temperature, the soil thermal process, the hydrological process, and the biochemical process based on the input atmospheric driving data. Finally, mainly obtain the surface (lake surface or land surface) temperature, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux.

[0051] (3) If the current loop count t > tmax, end the operation of the coupled model, where tmax is the maximum loop count of the model. Otherwise, start the next loop, t = t + 1; return to step (1).

[0052] Preferably, the lake depth data is the lake depth (lakedepth). If lakedepth = 0, the underlying surface type is land; if lakedepth > 0, the underlying surface type is a lake.

[0053] Furthermore, the specific processing methods for the four change cases of the underlying surface type are as follows:

[0054] If the underlying surface type changes from land to a lake, first change the underlying surface parameters to the lake type and save the original underlying surface type for later use when the underlying surface type changes back to land. Secondly, calculate the depth and thickness parameters of each layer of the lake based on the lake depth data, and calculate the temperature of each layer of the lake based on the surface temperature, where the temperature of the soil layer is inherited from the soil temperature calculated at the previous moment.

[0055] If the underlying surface type changes from a lake to land. First, if the underlying surface type was previously reserved, change it back to the previous underlying surface type; otherwise, change the underlying surface type to the bare ground underlying surface, and at the same time change the soil type parameter to sandy clay loam. Specifically, the temperature in the soil layer comes from the temperature of the lake soil layer at the previous moment, and the soil moisture is the maximum soil moisture.

[0056] If the underlying surface types at the previous and current moments are both lakes and the lake depth changes, recalculate the thickness and depth parameters of each layer of the lake. Since the lake depth does not change significantly, the temperature of each layer of the lake remains unchanged.

[0057] If it is other cases, keep the parameters of the original coupled model unchanged.

[0058] Preferably, the coupled model lake stratification scheme adopts the default lake stratification scheme in WRF-Lake, with a total of 10 layers. The standardized thickness (dzlak) of each layer of the lake is 0.1, and the standardized distance (zlak) between the center point of each layer of the lake and the lake surface is 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 0.65, 0.75, 0.85, 0.95 respectively.

[0059] The calculation of the lake depth and thickness parameters in step S3 is as follows:

[0060] For a certain grid element with a lake depth of lakedepth, the calculation steps for the actual thickness (dzlake) of each layer of the lake and the distance (zlake) between the center point of each layer of the lake and the lake surface are as follows:

[0061] If lakedepth > 1.0m, the actual thickness of the nth layer of the lake is:

[0062]

[0063] where lakedepth is the lake depth; N is the number of lake stratifications, which is 10; dzlak(n) is the standardized thickness of the nth layer of the lake; dzlake(n) is the actual thickness of the nth layer of the lake; r depth is the ratio of the lake depth to the standardized lake depth, and the calculation is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] where zlak(n) is the standardized distance (m) between the center point of the nth layer of the lake and the lake surface.

[0066] If 0 < lakedepth ≤ 1, the actual thickness of each layer of the lake is:

[0067] dzlake = lakedepth / N;

[0068] Then the distance between the center point of the nth layer of the lake and the lake surface is:

[0069]

[0070] where zlake(n) is the distance between the center point of the nth layer of the lake and the lake surface, and dzlake(i) is the actual thickness of the ith layer of the lake.

[0071] The calculation of the temperature of each layer of the lake during the initialization of the lake in step S2 and when the underlying surface type changes from land to lake in step S3 is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, Tlake(n) is the temperature of the nth layer of the lake, and Tsk is the lake surface temperature.

[0074] Implementation verification:

[0075] To illustrate the beneficial effects of the above invention, the present invention sets up single-column numerical experiments under four ideal lake depth change scenarios, that is, a single grid cell. Scenario 1 (S1): This grid cell is a land grid cell throughout the simulation period; Scenario 2 (S2): This grid cell is a lake grid cell throughout the simulation period; Scenario 3 (S3): This grid cell is initially a lake grid cell, and then the water level gradually drops and finally emerges above the ground; Scenario 4 (S4): This grid cell is initially a land grid cell and then is flooded by a lake and gradually reaches the maximum lake depth. The simulation period is from May 1, 2014 to August 31, 2014. The water level change of this grid cell during the simulation period is shown in Figure 2 as shown. The center point of the simulated grid cell is located at 116.22°E, 29.19°N. The maximum water depth is set to 8.4 meters. In tests ③ and ④, the time length of the lake depth change is set to one month, specifically from July 1 to July 31. The above tests all adopt the coupled model of NOAH-MP and WRF-Lake.

[0076] (1) The static geographical data for initializing the coupled model comes from the WRF official website. The atmospheric data required to drive the coupled model and the soil temperature and humidity data for initializing the coupled model both come from the ERA5-Land dataset (https: / / cds.climate.copernicus.eu / datasets / reanalysis-era5-land) provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts at 1-hour intervals. And the lake depth data under the ideal scenario is added to the atmospheric driving data file for driving the coupled model to run.

[0077] (2) Initialize the NOAH-MP model of the coupled WRF-Lake.

[0078] (3) Refer to the Figure 1 process in to complete the model operation.

[0079] (3) Verification results:

[0080] First of all, it should be noted that all the simulation experiments adopt the same atmospheric forcing and initial conditions. Therefore, the differences in all variables are caused by the differences resulting from the changes in the lake and land surface.

[0081] ① Surface temperature;

[0082] Figure 3(a) shows the comparison of the monthly average surface temperature of four simulation experiments. In June, the surface temperature of the two experiments initially with lakes (S2, S3) is about 0.83 °C higher than that of the two experiments initially with land (S1, S4). In July, after the land turns into a lake, the surface temperature of S4 rises rapidly, and the temperature difference from S1 reaches 1.37 °C, and this temperature difference further expands to 2.24 °C in August. By comparing the two experiments initially with lakes (S2, S3), it can be found that when the underlying surface type of S3 changes to land, that is, in August, the temperature difference expands from 0 in June to 1.73 °C.

[0083] ② Latent heat flux and sensible heat flux;

[0084] Figure 3 (b) and (c) in show the comparison of the monthly average latent heat flux and sensible heat flux of four simulation experiments respectively. The impact of the land use type change from lake to land on the latent heat flux is not significant in the short term (one month). The difference in the latent heat flux between S2 and S3 in August is only 4.8 W / m 2 , and at the same time, the difference in the sensible heat flux reaches 8.7 W / m 2 . This is because after the lake turns into land, the soil moisture is still relatively large, and the heat transfer with the atmosphere is still mainly latent heat. After the land turns into a lake, the difference in the latent heat flux between S1 and S4 expands to 20.7 in August, and at the same time, the difference in the sensible heat flux also reaches 11.9 W / m 2 , both are significantly higher than the situation when the lake turns into land. This is because after the land turns into a lake, there is sufficient water for evaporation, which is reflected in the significant increase in the latent heat flux.

[0085] The above experimental results show that the change in the lake - land underlying surface type will significantly affect the physical parameters of the land - atmosphere, such as surface temperature, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux. At the same time, due to ignoring the feedback effect of the atmosphere on the land surface, this impact may be underestimated. These together illustrate the necessity of reasonably implementing the change of the lake - land underlying surface type in the land surface model.

[0086] A simulation system with a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH - MP land surface model corresponding to the described method includes:

[0087] A coupling model construction unit for constructing a coupling model of the NOAH - MP land surface model and the WRF - Lake model. In the NOAH - MP land surface model of the coupling model, when skipping the determination of water bodies, add the determination of whether it is a lake underlying surface. If the underlying surface type is a lake, call the WRF - Lake, and change the number of soil layers in the WRF - Lake model to be the same as that in the NOAH - MP model, and the thickness of each soil layer is the same as that in the NOAH - MP model;

[0088] A coupling model initialization unit for initializing a coupling model according to static geographical data and observed soil moisture and temperature data or soil moisture and temperature data of reanalysis data;

[0089] A numerical simulation unit for, based on the initialized coupling model, first determining the change situation of the lake and land underlying surface types according to the lake depth data at the previous moment and the currently input lake depth data, so as to reflect the lake-land changing underlying surface in the coupling model, including four change situations: changing from a lake to land, changing from land to a lake, the lake depth changing, and other situations, and changing soil parameters or lake-related parameters according to the change situation of the underlying surface type, and finally, under the drive of atmospheric driving data, if the underlying surface type at the current moment is a lake, calculating the heat and water exchange process between the lake and the atmosphere, the lake surface temperature, the thermal process and hydrological process of the lake and the soil layer according to the input atmospheric driving data; if the underlying surface type at the current moment is land, calculating the heat and water exchange process between the soil and the atmosphere, the land surface temperature, the soil thermal process, the hydrological process and the biochemical process according to the input atmospheric driving data; and finally obtaining the surface temperature, the latent heat flux and the sensible heat flux.

[0090] An electronic device for storing and executing the above method, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program / instructions stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that when the computer program / instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model are implemented.

[0091] A computer-readable storage medium for storing and executing the above method, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are called, the steps of the simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model are executed.

[0092] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention. The above description does not constitute a substantial limitation to the market value content of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field can make improvements or deformations to the above specific implementation manners according to this specification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, this application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and these improvements and deformations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the Noah-MP land surface model, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Construct a coupled model of the NOAH-MP land surface model and the WRF-Lake model. In the NOAH-MP land surface model of the coupled model, skip the determination of water bodies and add the determination of whether it is a lake underlying surface. If the underlying surface type is a lake, call WRF-Lake, and make the number of soil layers in the WRF-Lake model the same as that in the NOAH-MP model, and the thickness of each soil layer the same as that in the NOAH-MP model; S2. Initialize the coupled model according to the static geographical data and the observed soil moisture and temperature data or the soil moisture and temperature data of the reanalysis data; S3. Based on the initialized coupled model, first judge the change situation of the lake and land underlying surface types according to the lake depth data at the previous moment and the currently input lake depth data, so as to reflect the lake-land changing underlying surface in the coupled model, including four change situations: changing from a lake to land, changing from land to a lake, the lake depth changing, and other situations, and change the soil parameters or lake-related parameters according to the change situation of the underlying surface type. Finally, under the drive of the atmospheric driving data, if the underlying surface type at the current moment is a lake, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the lake and the atmosphere, the lake surface temperature, and the thermal and hydrological processes of the lake and soil layers according to the input atmospheric driving data; if the underlying surface type at the current moment is land, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the soil and the atmosphere, the land surface temperature, the soil thermal process, the hydrological process, and the biochemical process according to the input atmospheric driving data; finally, obtain the surface temperature, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux.

2. The simulation method of a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model according to claim 1, characterized in that Initializing the coupled model includes: initializing the NOAH-MP model according to the WRF static geographical data and the observed soil temperature and humidity data or the soil temperature and humidity data of the reanalysis data, and using the preprocessing program WPS of the WRF model to generate a wrfinput file, which describes the land type, terrain, and soil state information.

3. The simulation method of a changing underlying surface based on the Noah-MP land surface model according to claim 1, wherein The lake depth data is the lake depth lakedepth. If lakedepth = 0, the underlying surface type is land; if lakedepth > 0, the underlying surface type is a lake.

4. The simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the Noah-MP land surface model according to claim 1, wherein The specific processing methods for the four underlying surface change situations are as follows: If the underlying surface type changes from land to a lake, first change the underlying surface parameters to the lake type and save the original underlying surface type. Secondly, calculate the depth and thickness of each layer of the lake according to the lake depth data, calculate the initial temperature of each layer of the lake according to the surface temperature, the temperature of the soil layer is inherited from the soil temperature calculated at the previous moment, and the soil moisture is the maximum soil moisture, that is, the soil saturation water content; If the underlying surface type changes from a lake to land, first, if the underlying surface type has been reserved before, change it to the previous underlying surface type; otherwise, change the underlying surface type to the bare underlying surface, and at the same time change the soil type to sandy clay loam; the temperature in the soil layer is the temperature of the lake soil layer at the previous moment, and the soil moisture is the maximum soil moisture, that is, the soil saturation water content; If the underlying surface type at the previous moment and the current moment are both lakes, and the lake depth changes, recalculate the thickness and depth parameters of each layer of the lake, and the temperature of each layer of the lake remains unchanged; In other cases, keep the parameters of the original coupled model unchanged.

5. The simulation method of a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model according to claim 1, wherein The calculation steps for the actual thickness dzlake of each layer of the lake and the distance zlake from the center point of each layer of the lake to the lake surface for a grid cell with a lake depth of lakedepth are as follows: If lakedepth > 1.0m, the actual thickness of the nth layer of the lake is: Among them, lakedepth is the lake depth; N is the number of lake layers; dzlak(n) is the normalized thickness of the nth layer of the lake; dzlake(n) is the actual thickness of the nth layer of the lake; r depth is the ratio of the lake depth to the normalized lake depth; If 0 < lakedepth ≤ 1, the actual thickness of each layer of the lake is: dzlake = lakedepth / N; Then the distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface is: where zlake(n) is the distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface, and dzlake(i) is the actual thickness of the ith layer of the lake.

6. The simulation method of the changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model according to claim 5, characterized in that, Ratio r of lake depth to standardized lake depth depth The calculation formula is as follows: where zlak(n) is the normalized distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface.

7. The simulation method of a changing underlying surface based on the Noah-MP land surface model according to claim 1, characterized in that For the calculation of the temperature of each layer of the lake during the initialization of the lake and when the underlying surface type changes from land to lake: where Tlake(n) is the temperature of the nth layer of the lake, Tsk is the lake surface temperature, and zlake(n) is the distance from the center point of the nth layer of the lake to the lake surface.

8. A simulation system for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model, characterized in that, Including: A coupled model construction unit for constructing a coupled model of the NOAH-MP land surface model and the WRF-Lake model. In the determination of skipping water bodies in the NOAH-MP land surface model of the coupled model, add a determination of whether it is a lake underlying surface. If the underlying surface type is a lake, call WRF-Lake, and change the number of soil layers in the WRF-Lake model to be the same as that in the NOAH-MP model, and the thickness of each soil layer to be the same as that in the NOAH-MP model; A coupled model initialization unit for initializing the coupled model according to static geographical data and observed soil moisture and temperature data or soil moisture and temperature data of reanalysis data; A numerical simulation unit for, based on the initialized coupled model, first judging the change situation of the lake and land underlying surface types according to the lake depth data at the previous moment and the currently input lake depth data, so as to reflect the lake-land changing underlying surface in the coupled model, including four change situations: changing from a lake to land, changing from land to a lake, the lake depth changing, and other situations, and changing soil parameters or lake-related parameters according to the change situation of the underlying surface type. Finally, under the drive of the atmospheric driving data, if the underlying surface type at the current moment is a lake, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the lake and the atmosphere, the lake surface temperature, and the thermal and hydrological processes of the lake and soil layers according to the input atmospheric driving data; if the underlying surface type at the current moment is land, calculate the heat and water exchange process between the soil and the atmosphere, the land surface temperature, the soil thermal process, the hydrological process, and the biochemical process according to the input atmospheric driving data; finally, obtain the surface temperature, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program / instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that when the computer program / instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model according to any one of claims 1-7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, which are used to execute the steps of the simulation method for a changing underlying surface based on the NOAH-MP land surface model according to any one of claims 1-7 when the computer instructions are called.

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