Project sea use change suitability evaluation method for offshore wind plant

Abstract

The invention discloses a project sea use change suitability evaluation method for an offshore wind plant, and relates to the technical field of marine space resource planning, and the method comprises the steps: collecting sea area environment basic data of a project sea use region, and carrying out the systematic arrangement, and obtaining an environment basic data set; based on related data of the environment basic data set, constructing a spatial analysis model of a project sea area by utilizing a GIS (Geographic Information System) technology, and determining spatial distribution characteristics and mutual relations of elements of a sea area environment so as to simulate and analyze the influence of sea change; according to the sea use characteristics and project requirements of the offshore wind plant, the sea use change suitability evaluation index is determined, and an evaluation index system is formed. According to the invention, the system collects and arranges the basic data of the sea area environment, constructs the spatial analysis model through the GIS technology, can simulate and analyze the influence of the sea use change on the sea area environment, facilitates the full consideration of the bearing capacity of the sea area environment, avoids the serious environment problem caused by the change of the sea use project, and achieves the scientific planning of the sea use change.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine space resource planning, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use change for a project of an offshore wind farm. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in global attention to climate change and energy security, the new energy industry is vigorously developed nowadays. As a clean and renewable energy, wind power generation is strongly supported. The requirements for marine ecological environment protection are becoming more and more strict. The sea area where the offshore wind power project is located is usually an important part of the marine ecosystem. In terms of sea area use, the management and planning of marine resources are becoming increasingly strict. The sea area use for an offshore wind farm needs to follow relevant regulations and meet the requirements such as the marine functional zoning. Through the evaluation of the suitability of sea area use change, it can be ensured that the sea area use for an offshore wind power project conforms to the specified orientation and the marine space resources can be developed and utilized in an orderly manner.

[0003] In the prior art, the construction and operation of an offshore wind farm is a long-term process, and there are many uncertain factors in the sea area environment, which will cause the suitability after the sea area use change to change over time and affect the subsequent construction and operation of the offshore wind farm. Therefore, how to construct a spatial analysis model by using the basic sea area environment data of the project sea area use and evaluate the suitability change of the project sea area use change to the sea area environment through spatial analysis is the problem to be solved by the present invention. For this reason, a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use change for a project of an offshore wind farm is proposed now. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use change for a project of an offshore wind farm to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use change for a project of an offshore wind farm, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect the basic sea area environment data of the project sea area use, including hydrological, geological, ecological and other data, and conduct systematic arrangement to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data, and obtain an environmental basic data set; S2. Based on the relevant data of the environmental basic data set, use GIS technology to construct a spatial analysis model of the project sea area use, clarify the spatial distribution characteristics and mutual relations of each element of the sea area environment, so as to simulate and analyze the impact of the sea area use change; S3. According to the sea area use characteristics and project requirements of the offshore wind farm, determine the evaluation indexes for the suitability of sea area use change to form an evaluation index system; S4. Calibrate and verify the spatial analysis model through historical data and known cases, adjust the model parameters to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the model to meet the actual application requirements; S5. Use the verified spatial analysis model, combined with the evaluation index system, to conduct a suitability evaluation of the sea area environment after the change of the project sea use, and analyze the impact of the sea use change on the sea area environment; S6. Based on the suitability evaluation results, identify potential impact areas and output the evaluation results in a visual form.

[0006] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the S1 specifically includes: Define the scope of the project sea use area, and determine the types of basic sea area environment data required for the project sea use area, including hydrological data (water depth, water flow velocity, tide, etc.), geological data (sea bed geological type, stability, etc.), ecological data (marine biological species, distribution, habitat, etc.) and meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, etc.), and then formulate a data collection plan to comprehensively collect the required data; Systematically organize the collected data, classify and file them according to data type, source and time, establish a data directory for easy subsequent search and management, and preprocess the basic sea area environment data, including data cleaning and data standardization; Establish a data quality audit mechanism to verify the preprocessed basic sea area environment data. By comparing data from different sources, verify the accuracy of the data. If inconsistent data is found, conduct further investigation and verification, and integrate the verified various types of data into a unified data set to form an environmental basic data set, and then store the integrated data set in the database, recording the data source, collection time and processing method.

[0007] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the S2 specifically includes: Based on the organized environmental basic data set, screen out the data types suitable for GIS analysis, import them into the GIS platform for data format conversion and projection setting to ensure data spatial consistency; Construct a spatial analysis model framework in the GIS platform, define the model boundary, layer structure and analysis scale, and in the spatial analysis model, perform spatial interpolation and visualization processing on hydrological, geological, ecological and meteorological elements respectively to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of each environmental element. Through overlay analysis, reveal the spatial correlation and interaction mechanism between the elements; According to the project sea use change plan, simulate the sea area environment state after the change in the spatial analysis model. By comparing the spatial distribution maps before and after the change, analyze the specific impact of the sea use change on each element of the sea area environment, and then analyze the impact scope of the sea use change.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the process of analyzing the influence scope of the sea area change for the project is as follows: According to the sea area change plan for the project, clarify the specific content and parameters of the change, including the layout of newly added offshore facilities, the adjustment of submarine cable routes, etc. In the GIS platform, input the change parameters into the spatial analysis model. Utilize the spatial analysis model to simulate the sea area environmental state after the sea area change, and then output the simulation result in the form of a spatial distribution map; Compare and analyze the generated spatial distribution map after the change with the spatial distribution map before the change. Through the comparative analysis, identify the specific impacts of the sea area change on various elements of the sea area environment, including positive and negative impacts. Organize the results of the comparative analysis into a detailed impact analysis report, including the specific content of the impact, the degree and scope of the impact, etc.; According to the results of the comparative analysis, determine the affected area of the sea area change. Among them, determine the scope of the affected area through buffer analysis, generate a distribution map of the affected area, and use the area calculation function of the GIS platform to calculate the area of the affected area.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the specific steps of S3 include: Analyze the specific requirements and objectives of the offshore wind farm project, and according to the sea area use characteristics of the offshore wind farm, screen out the evaluation indicators related to the suitability of the sea area change, covering multiple aspects such as marine hydrographic conditions, marine geological conditions, marine ecological impacts, and resource utilization efficiency, including water depth, sea current velocity, seabed slope, distance from ecological sensitive areas, loss area of marine biological habitats, sea area utilization rate, and installed capacity per unit area; Systematically organize the selected evaluation indicators to construct a complete evaluation index system for the suitability of sea area change. Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of each evaluation indicator, and then standardize each evaluation indicator to ensure that indicators with different dimensions and magnitudes can be compared and integrated in the same evaluation system; Verify the constructed evaluation index system through historical data and known cases. Apply the evaluation index system to actual cases to evaluate its effectiveness and reliability. During the verification process, check whether the index system can accurately reflect the actual impact of the sea area change, and according to the verification results, adjust and optimize the evaluation index system. If it is found that some evaluation indicators are not applicable or the weights are unreasonable, make modifications. After verification and adjustment, finally determine the evaluation index system for the suitability of sea area change to ensure that the system can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the suitability of the sea area change for the offshore wind farm.

[0010] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the specific steps of S4 include: Collect historical data similar to the project sea area and known sea use change cases from relevant databases, literature, and project reports, covering sea area environmental monitoring data from different periods and regions. The sea use change cases include sea use change plans, implementation processes, and actual impact situations after the change. Systematically organize the collected historical data and sea use change cases, classify them according to time, region, and sea use change type, and establish a dataset and a case library; Input the organized historical data and known sea use change cases into the spatial analysis model, initialize the parameter settings of the model, run the model, compare the output results of the model with the actual observation results in the historical data, and gradually adjust the model parameters through multiple iterations to make the model output results gradually approach the actual situation, completing the preliminary calibration of the model. At the same time, use some known sea use change cases to preliminarily verify the calibrated model and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model under known circumstances; Select independent new historical data and sea use change cases to verify the calibrated model, compare the model prediction results with the actual observation results, evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model, analyze the model verification results, identify the deviations and deficiencies of the model. If there are significant differences between the model prediction results and the actual observation results, further investigate the reasons. According to the verification results, optimize the model, and repeat the calibration and verification process until the model can accurately reflect the actual impact of sea use changes and meet the actual application requirements.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the S5 specifically includes: Collect and organize the latest data after the project sea use change, organize and convert the relevant data after the project sea use change according to the requirements of the evaluation index system, and run the spatial analysis model. Combine the evaluation index system to simulate and analyze the sea area environment after the project sea use change, and generate preliminary calculation results of each evaluation index; According to the constructed evaluation index system, set corresponding reference values and weights for each evaluation index. Use the data of each evaluation index output by the model, combine the reference values and weights, and calculate the suitability evaluation coefficient to measure the suitability of the sea area environment after the project sea use change; According to the calculated suitability evaluation coefficient, divide the project sea area into different suitability levels, namely high suitability level, medium suitability level, and low suitability level, and match corresponding evaluation thresholds for each suitability level; Combined with the divided suitability levels and the suitability evaluation coefficient, analyze the evaluation indexes that deviate from the corresponding reference values, evaluate the impact of sea use changes on the sea area environment, and judge whether the sea use changes are feasible.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the calculation process of the suitability evaluation coefficient is: The evaluation index system clearly includes evaluation indexes such as water depth, sea current velocity, seabed slope, distance from ecological sensitive areas, loss area of marine biological habitats, utilization rate of sea use area, and installed capacity per unit area, and the weights set for each evaluation index are obtained; The actual values of each evaluation index are obtained through model simulation and analysis, and at the same time, the reference values of each evaluation index set according to industry specifications and historical cases are matched; For each evaluation index, subtract the reference value from its actual value, take the absolute value, obtain the absolute deviation, and then divide the absolute deviation by the reference value to calculate the deviation ratio; Calculate 1 plus the absolute deviation, and then calculate the natural logarithm of 1 plus the absolute deviation and the square root of the absolute deviation respectively, and divide the result of the natural logarithm by the square root of 1 plus the absolute deviation to obtain the logarithmic radical combination term; Multiply the deviation ratio by the logarithmic radical combination term, and then subtract the product result from 1 to obtain the deviation adjustment term. Then multiply the weight of each evaluation index by its corresponding deviation adjustment term, and add up the product results of all evaluation indexes to finally obtain the suitability evaluation coefficient.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the S6 specifically includes: Based on the suitability evaluation results, combined with the deviation conditions of each evaluation index, identify potential impact areas, analyze areas with relatively low suitability evaluation coefficients, and at the same time, pay attention to areas with abnormal change trends of evaluation indexes and include them in the scope of potential impact areas; Organize and format-convert the suitability evaluation results and potential impact area information, divide the project sea use area into regular grid cells, assign corresponding suitability evaluation coefficients and potential impact area identifiers to each grid cell, and at the same time, collect relevant geographical information data, including sea area boundaries, coastlines, seabed topography, etc., as background information for visual output, and then standardize all data to ensure that different types of data can be displayed in a coordinated manner during the visualization process; Use GIS software to visually present the prepared data. Based on the map, different colors are used to represent different suitability levels. Among them, high suitability levels are represented by green, medium suitability levels are represented by yellow, and low suitability levels are represented by red. For potential impact areas, special marks are used for highlighting, and a flashing effect is added on the basis of the low suitability level. At the same time, auxiliary elements such as legends, scales, and coordinate axes are added to enhance the readability and accuracy of the visualization results, and finally a clear and intuitive visualization chart is output.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by the present invention compared with the prior art is: The present invention provides a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use changes for offshore wind farm projects. By systematically collecting and organizing basic sea area environmental data and using GIS technology to construct a spatial analysis model, it can simulate and analyze the impact of sea area use changes on the sea area environment, which helps to fully consider the carrying capacity of the sea area environment, avoid serious environmental problems caused by sea area use project changes, and achieve scientific planning of sea area use changes.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use changes for offshore wind farm projects. By constructing a complete evaluation index system for the suitability of sea area use changes and using a spatial analysis model for simulation and analysis, it can accurately evaluate the suitability of the sea area environment after the sea area use project changes, which helps to identify potential environmental risks, take preventive measures in advance, and ensure that the sea area use of the project meets the requirements of sustainable development. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the working process of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the method process of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use changes for offshore wind farm projects, including the following steps: S1. Collect the basic data of the sea area environment in the project sea use area, including hydrological, geological, ecological and other data, and conduct systematic collation to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data, obtain the basic environmental data set, clarify the scope of the project sea use area, and determine the types of basic sea area environmental data required for the project sea use area, including hydrological data (water depth, water flow velocity, tides, etc.), geological data (sea bed geological type, stability, etc.), ecological data (marine biological species, distribution, habitats, etc.) and meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, etc.). Then, formulate a data collection plan to comprehensively collect the required data. Among them, the data sources include historical monitoring data, on-site investigation data, satellite remote sensing data, marine functional zoning data, data released by relevant departments, etc. For the scope of the project sea use area, based on the project planning documents, sea area functional zoning and actual geographical coordinates, define the boundary of the project sea use area, clarify its specific geographical location and scope size, conduct systematic collation of the collected data, classify and file it according to data type, source and time, establish a data directory for easy subsequent search and management, and preprocess the basic sea area environmental data, including data cleaning and data standardization. Among them, conduct a preliminary inspection of the collected data, identify and remove incorrect data and outliers, convert data from different sources and dimensions into a unified format and dimension, establish a data quality review mechanism, verify the preprocessed basic sea area environmental data, verify the accuracy of the data by comparing data from different sources. If inconsistent data is found, conduct further investigation and verification, and integrate the verified various data into a unified data set to form the basic environmental data set. Then, store the integrated data set in the database, recording the data source, collection time and processing method; S2. Based on the relevant data in the basic environmental data set, use GIS technology to construct a spatial analysis model of the project sea use area, clarify the spatial distribution characteristics and mutual relationships of various elements of the sea area environment, so as to simulate and analyze the impact of sea use changes. Based on the sorted basic environmental data set, screen out the data types suitable for GIS analysis, import them into the GIS platform for data format conversion and projection setting to ensure data spatial consistency. Build a spatial analysis model framework in the GIS platform, define the model boundary, layer structure and analysis scale, and in the spatial analysis model, conduct spatial interpolation and visualization processing on hydrological, geological, ecological and meteorological elements respectively to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of each environmental element. Through overlay analysis, reveal the spatial correlation and interaction mechanism among various elements. According to the project sea use change plan, simulate the sea area environmental state after the change in the spatial analysis model, and analyze the specific impact of the sea use change on each element of the sea area environment by comparing the spatial distribution maps before and after the change, and then analyze the impact scope of the sea use change; In addition, the process of analyzing the impact scope of the sea use change is as follows: According to the project sea use change plan, clarify the specific content and parameters of the change, including the layout of newly added offshore facilities, the adjustment of submarine cable routes, etc. In the GIS platform, input the change parameters into the spatial analysis model. Use the spatial analysis model to simulate the sea area environmental status after the sea use change, and then output the simulation results in the form of spatial distribution maps, including the water depth distribution map, seabed geological type distribution map, marine biological habitat distribution map, etc. Compare and analyze the generated spatial distribution maps after the change with the spatial distribution maps before the change. Through the comparison and analysis, identify the specific impacts of the sea use change on various elements of the sea area environment, including positive and negative impacts. Organize the results of the comparison and analysis into a detailed impact analysis report, including the specific content of the impact, the degree and scope of the impact, etc. According to the results of the comparison and analysis, determine the affected areas of the sea use change. Among them, determine the scope of the affected areas through buffer analysis, generate a distribution map of the affected areas, and use the area calculation function of the GIS platform to calculate the area of the affected areas; S3. Based on the characteristics of sea use and project requirements of an offshore wind farm, determine the evaluation indicators for the suitability of sea use changes, form an evaluation index system, analyze the specific requirements and objectives of the offshore wind farm project, including its construction scale (such as the number of wind turbines, installed capacity), layout form (such as the arrangement of wind turbines, the route of submarine cables), operation mode (such as power generation duration, maintenance frequency), etc. According to the characteristics of sea use of the offshore wind farm, screen out the evaluation indicators related to the suitability of sea use changes, covering multiple aspects such as marine hydrological conditions, marine geological conditions, marine ecological impacts, and resource utilization efficiency, including water depth, sea current velocity, seabed slope, distance from ecological sensitive areas, loss area of marine biological habitats, utilization rate of sea use area, and installed capacity per unit area. Among them, water depth is the vertical distance from the seabed to the sea surface in the project sea use area, which is accurately measured using equipment such as multi-beam bathymetric systems and is in meters (m). The suitable water depth for a fixed-base offshore wind farm is generally 0 - 50m, and the suitable water depth for a floating-base offshore wind farm is greater than 50m. Sea current velocity is the distance that the sea current flows in unit time, which is measured in the project sea use area using equipment such as current meters and is in meters per second (m / s). Excessive sea current velocity will increase the scour and load on the wind turbine foundation. Generally, it is required that the sea current velocity does not exceed 2m / s. The seabed slope uses the water depth data to generate a seabed slope map and calculates the average slope of the sea use area. The construction of an offshore wind farm requires a small seabed slope to ensure the stability of the wind turbine foundation. The distance from ecological sensitive areas is calculated by determining the location and boundary of the ecological sensitive areas (such as marine nature reserves, marine biological habitats) around the sea use area and calculating the minimum distance between the sea use area and the ecological sensitive areas. The loss area of marine biological habitats is the area where the marine biological habitats are reduced due to the change of project sea use. Through marine ecological surveys, determine the scope and area of the marine biological habitats in the project sea use area and its surrounding areas, compare the habitat distribution before and after the sea use change, and calculate the loss area, which is in hectares (hm²). The smaller the loss area, the smaller the impact on the marine biological habitats. Generally, it is required that the loss area does not exceed 10% of the total project sea use area. The utilization rate of sea use area is obtained by calculating the ratio of the actual sea use area of the project to the planned sea use area. The installed capacity per unit area is obtained by calculating the ratio of the total installed capacity of the project to the sea use area, which reflects the resource utilization efficiency of the sea use area. The higher the value, the higher the resource utilization efficiency. Systematically organize the selected evaluation indicators to construct a complete evaluation index system for the suitability of sea use changes, ensure that the index system has a clear structure and reasonable logic, and can comprehensively reflect the impact of sea use changes on the sea area environment. Use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the weights of each evaluation indicator, and then standardize each evaluation indicator to ensure that indicators with different dimensions and magnitudes can be compared and integrated in the same evaluation system. Verify the constructed evaluation index system through historical data and known cases, apply the evaluation index system to actual cases, and evaluate its effectiveness and reliability. During the verification process,Check whether the indicator system can accurately reflect the actual impact of sea use changes, and adjust and optimize the evaluation indicator system according to the verification results. If it is found that some evaluation indicators are not applicable or the weights are unreasonable, make modifications. After verification and adjustment, finally determine the suitability evaluation indicator system for sea use changes to ensure that the system can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the suitability of sea use changes for offshore wind farms; S4. Calibrate and verify the spatial analysis model through historical data and known cases, adjust the model parameters to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the model to meet the actual application requirements. Collect historical data and known sea use change cases similar to the project sea use area from relevant databases, literature, and project reports, covering sea area environmental monitoring data from different periods and regions. The sea use change cases include sea use change plans, implementation processes, and actual impact situations after the changes. Systematically organize the collected historical data and sea use change cases, classify them according to time, region, and sea use change type, establish a data set and a case library. Input the organized historical data and known sea use change cases into the spatial analysis model, initialize the parameter settings of the model, run the model, and compare the output results of the model with the actual observation results in the historical data. Through multiple iterations, adjust the model parameters to make the output results of the model gradually approach the actual situation and complete the preliminary calibration of the model. At the same time, use some known sea use change cases to conduct a preliminary verification of the calibrated model, evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model under known circumstances. Select independent new historical data and sea use change cases to verify the calibrated model, compare the model prediction results with the actual observation results, evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model, analyze the model verification results, identify the deviations and deficiencies of the model. If there are significant differences between the model prediction results and the actual observation results, further investigate the reasons. According to the verification results, optimize the model, and repeat the calibration and verification process until the model can accurately reflect the actual impact of sea use changes and meet the actual application requirements; S5. Use the verified spatial analysis model and combine it with the evaluation indicator system to conduct a suitability evaluation of the sea area environment after the project sea use change, and analyze the impact of the sea use change on the sea area environment; S6. Based on the suitability evaluation results, identify potential impact areas and output the evaluation results in a visual form.

[0020] Example 2, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown, based on Example 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, S5 specifically includes: Collect and organize the latest data after the change of the sea area used for the project. Organize and convert the relevant data after the change of the sea area used for the project according to the requirements of the evaluation index system, and run the spatial analysis model. Combine the evaluation index system to simulate and analyze the sea area environment after the change of the sea area used for the project, and generate the preliminary calculation results of each evaluation index. According to the constructed evaluation index system, set the corresponding reference values and weights for each evaluation index. Use the data of each evaluation index output by the model, combine the reference values and weights, calculate the suitability evaluation coefficient, measure the suitability of the sea area environment after the change of the sea area used for the project. According to the calculated suitability evaluation coefficient, divide the sea area used for the project into different suitability levels, namely high suitability level, medium suitability level and low suitability level, and match the corresponding evaluation thresholds for each suitability level. Combine the divided suitability levels and the suitability evaluation coefficient, analyze the evaluation indexes that deviate from the corresponding reference values, evaluate the impact of the change of the sea area used for the project on the sea area environment, and judge whether the change of the sea area used for the project is feasible. If the proportion of the high suitability level is relatively large and the negative impact is controllable, the feasibility of the change of the sea area used for the project is relatively high. If the low suitability level is too large or there are serious negative impacts, it is necessary to reconsider the change plan of the sea area used for the project or take effective measures to reduce the adverse impacts to ensure that the use of the sea area for the project meets the requirements of sustainable development; In addition, the calculation process of the suitability evaluation coefficient is as follows: Clarify the evaluation indexes in the evaluation index system, including water depth, sea current velocity, seabed slope, distance to ecological sensitive areas, loss area of marine biological habitats, utilization rate of sea area used, and installed capacity per unit area, and obtain the weights set for each evaluation index. Through model simulation and analysis, obtain the actual values of each evaluation index, and at the same time match the reference values of each evaluation index set according to industry norms and historical cases. For each evaluation index, subtract the reference value from its actual value and take the absolute value to get the absolute deviation. Then divide the absolute deviation by the reference value to calculate the deviation ratio. Calculate 1 plus the absolute deviation, and then calculate the natural logarithm of 1 plus the absolute deviation and the square root of the absolute deviation respectively, and divide the result of the natural logarithm by the square root of 1 plus the absolute deviation to get the logarithmic radical combination term. Multiply the deviation ratio by the logarithmic radical combination term, and then subtract the product result from 1 to get the deviation adjustment term. Then multiply the weight of each evaluation index by its corresponding deviation adjustment term, and add up the product results of all evaluation indexes to finally obtain the suitability evaluation coefficient; The calculation expression of the suitability evaluation coefficient is: ; In the formula, S is the suitability evaluation coefficient, which is used to measure the suitability degree of the sea area environment after the change of the sea area used for the project. The value range is between 0 and 1. The larger the value, the higher the suitability of the sea area environment. n is the number of evaluation indexes, that is, the number of indexes included in the evaluation index system. n is a positive integer, and i is the serial number of the evaluation index. is the weight of the i-th evaluation index, reflecting the relative importance of this index in the overall evaluation. is the actual value of the i-th evaluation index. is the reference value of the i-th evaluation index; Multiple suitability levels correspond one-to-one with multiple evaluation thresholds, and the corresponding relationships are as follows: The evaluation threshold for the high suitability level is: ; Each evaluation index is close to or better than the reference value. The sea area environmental conditions are very suitable for the change of sea use for the project, with less impact on the marine ecology and the surrounding environment. After the project is implemented, it can be well coordinated with the surrounding environment; The evaluation threshold for the medium suitability level is: ; There are certain deviations between some evaluation indexes and the reference value, but the overall sea area environmental conditions can basically meet the needs of the change of sea use for the project. The implementation of the project may have a certain impact on the sea area environment, but it can be effectively controlled and mitigated by taking corresponding measures; The evaluation threshold for the low suitability level is: ; Most evaluation indexes deviate greatly from the reference value, and the sea area environmental conditions are not very suitable for the change of sea use for the project. The implementation of the project may have a greater negative impact on the marine ecology and the surrounding environment, and it is necessary to re-evaluate the sea use change plan for the project or take major improvement measures; Among them, S is the suitability evaluation coefficient. is the lower threshold of the high suitability level and the upper threshold of the medium suitability level. is the lower threshold of the medium suitability level and the upper threshold of the low suitability level. =0.8, =0.5; S6 specifically includes: Based on the results of the suitability evaluation, combined with the deviation of each evaluation index, identify potential impact areas, analyze the areas with relatively low suitability evaluation coefficients. At the same time, pay attention to the areas where the change trend of the evaluation index is abnormal and include them in the category of potential impact areas. Organize and format the suitability evaluation results and potential impact area information, and divide the project sea area into regular grid cells. Assign corresponding suitability evaluation coefficients and potential impact area identifiers to each grid cell. At the same time, collect relevant geographical information data, including sea area boundaries, coastlines, seabed topography, etc., as the background information for visual output. Then, perform standardization processing on all data to ensure that different types of data can be presented in a coordinated manner during the visualization process. Use GIS software to visually present the prepared data. Based on the map, different colors are used to represent different suitability levels. Among them, high suitability level is represented by green, medium suitability level is represented by yellow, and low suitability level is represented by red. For potential impact areas, special markings are used for highlighting, and a flashing effect is added on the basis of the low suitability level. At the same time, add auxiliary elements such as legends, scales, and coordinate axes to enhance the readability and accuracy of the visualization results, and finally output a clear and intuitive visualization chart.

[0021] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for a project in an offshore wind farm, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Collect the basic data of the sea area environment in the project sea use area, and conduct systematic collation to obtain the basic environmental data set; S2. Based on the relevant data in the basic environmental data set, use GIS technology to construct a spatial analysis model for the project sea use area, clarify the spatial distribution characteristics and mutual relationships of various elements of the sea area environment, so as to simulate and analyze the impact of sea use changes; S3. According to the sea use characteristics and project requirements of the offshore wind farm, determine the evaluation indicators for the suitability of sea use changes, and form an evaluation index system; S4. Calibrate and verify the spatial analysis model through historical data and known cases, and adjust the model parameters; S5. Use the verified spatial analysis model, combined with the evaluation index system, to conduct a suitability evaluation of the sea area environment after the project sea use change, and analyze the impact of the sea use change on the sea area environment; S6. Based on the suitability evaluation results, identify potential impact areas and output the evaluation results in a visual form.

2. The suitability evaluation method for the change of sea area use in an offshore wind farm project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific content of S1 includes: Clarify the scope of the project sea use area, and determine the types of basic data of the sea area environment required for the project sea use area, including hydrological data, geological data, ecological data and meteorological data. Then formulate a data collection plan to comprehensively collect the required data; Systematically collate the collected data, classify and file them according to data type, source and time, establish a data directory, and preprocess the basic data of the sea area environment; Establish a data quality audit mechanism to verify the preprocessed basic data of the sea area environment. By comparing data from different sources, verify the accuracy of the data, and integrate the verified data of various types into a unified data set to form a basic environmental data set. Then store the integrated data set in the database, recording the data source, collection time and processing method.

3. The suitability evaluation method for the change of sea area use in a project of an offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific content of S2 includes: Based on the sorted basic environmental data set, screen out the data types suitable for GIS analysis, and import them into the GIS platform for data format conversion and projection setting; Build a spatial analysis model framework in the GIS platform, define the model boundary, layer structure and analysis scale, and in the spatial analysis model, perform spatial interpolation and visualization processing on hydrological, geological, ecological and meteorological elements respectively to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of each environmental element. Through overlay analysis, reveal the spatial correlation and interaction mechanism between elements; According to the project sea use change plan, simulate the sea area environment state after the change in the spatial analysis model. By comparing the spatial distribution maps before and after the change, analyze the specific impact of the sea use change on each element of the sea area environment, and then analyze the impact range of the sea use change.

4. The suitability evaluation method for the change of sea use in a project of an offshore wind farm according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process of analyzing the impact range of the sea use change is as follows: According to the project sea use change plan, clarify the specific content and parameters of the change, and input the change parameters into the spatial analysis model in the GIS platform. Use the spatial analysis model to simulate the sea area environment state after the sea use change, and then output the simulation results in the form of a spatial distribution map; Compare and analyze the simulated post-change spatial distribution map with the pre-change spatial distribution map. Through the comparison and analysis, identify the specific impacts of the sea use change on various elements of the sea area environment, including positive and negative impacts, and organize the results of the comparison and analysis into a detailed impact analysis report; Based on the results of the comparison and analysis, determine the affected areas of the sea use change. Among them, determine the scope of the affected areas through buffer analysis, generate a distribution map of the affected areas, and use the area calculation function of the GIS platform to calculate the area of the affected areas.

5. The suitability evaluation method for the change of sea use in a project of an offshore wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific content of S3 includes: Analyze the specific requirements and objectives of the offshore wind farm project, and according to the sea use characteristics of the offshore wind farm, screen out the evaluation indicators related to the suitability of the sea use change, including water depth, sea current velocity, seabed slope, distance to ecological sensitive areas, loss area of marine biological habitats, sea use area utilization rate, and installed capacity per unit area; Systematically organize the selected evaluation indicators, construct a complete evaluation index system for the suitability of sea use change, use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of each evaluation indicator, and then standardize each evaluation indicator; Verify the constructed evaluation index system, apply the evaluation index system to actual cases, evaluate its effectiveness and reliability, and according to the verification results, adjust and optimize the evaluation index system. After verification and adjustment, finally determine the evaluation index system for the suitability of sea use change.

6. The suitability evaluation method for the change of sea use in a project of an offshore wind farm according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific content of S4 includes: Collect historical data and known sea use change cases similar to the project sea use area from relevant databases, literature, and project reports, covering sea area environmental monitoring data from different periods and different regions. The sea use change cases include sea use change plans, implementation processes, and actual impact situations after the change. Systematically organize the collected historical data and sea use change cases, classify them according to time, region, and sea use change type, and establish a data set and a case library; Input the organized historical data and known sea use change cases into the spatial analysis model, initialize the parameter settings of the model, run the model, compare the output results of the model with the actual observation results in the historical data, and through multiple iterative adjustments of the model parameters, make the output results of the model gradually approach the actual situation to complete the preliminary calibration of the model. At the same time, use some known sea use change cases to conduct preliminary verification of the calibrated model; Select independent new historical data and sea use change cases to verify the calibrated model, compare the model prediction results with the actual observation results, analyze the model verification results, identify the deviations and deficiencies of the model, and according to the verification results, optimize the model. Repeat the calibration and verification process until the model accurately reflects the actual impact of the sea use change and meets the actual application requirements.

7. A method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for a project in an offshore wind farm according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific content of S5 includes: Collect and organize the latest data after the project sea use change, organize and convert the relevant data after the project sea use change according to the requirements of the evaluation index system, and run the spatial analysis model. Combine the evaluation index system to simulate and analyze the sea area environment after the project sea use change, and generate preliminary calculation results for each evaluation indicator; According to the established evaluation index system, corresponding reference values and weights are set for each evaluation index. Using the data of each evaluation index output by the model, combined with the reference values and weights, the suitability evaluation coefficient is calculated; According to the calculated suitability evaluation coefficient, the sea area used for the project is divided into different suitability levels, namely high suitability level, medium suitability level and low suitability level, and corresponding evaluation thresholds are matched for each suitability level; Combined with the divided suitability levels and suitability evaluation coefficients, analyze the evaluation indexes that deviate from the corresponding reference values, evaluate the impact of the sea use change on the sea area environment, and judge whether the sea use change is feasible.

8. The suitability evaluation method for the change of sea use in a project of an offshore wind farm according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation process of the suitability evaluation coefficient is as follows: Clarify the evaluation indexes in the evaluation index system including water depth, sea current velocity, seabed slope, distance from ecological sensitive areas, loss area of marine biological habitats, utilization rate of sea use area and installed capacity per unit area, and obtain the weights set for each evaluation index; Through model simulation and analysis, obtain the actual values of each evaluation index, and at the same time match the reference values set for each evaluation index; For each evaluation index, subtract the reference value from its actual value, take the absolute value, obtain the absolute deviation, and then divide the absolute deviation by the reference value to calculate the deviation ratio; Calculate 1 plus the absolute deviation, and then calculate the natural logarithm of 1 plus the absolute deviation and the square root of the absolute deviation respectively, and divide the natural logarithm result by the square root of 1 plus the absolute deviation to obtain the logarithmic radical combination term; Multiply the deviation ratio by the logarithmic radical combination term, and then subtract the product result from 1 to obtain the deviation adjustment term. Then multiply the weight of each evaluation index by its corresponding deviation adjustment term, and add up the product results of all evaluation indexes to finally obtain the suitability evaluation coefficient.

9. The suitability evaluation method for the change of sea use in a project of an offshore wind farm according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific content of S6 includes: Based on the suitability evaluation results, combined with the deviation conditions of each evaluation index, identify potential impact areas, analyze the areas with relatively low suitability evaluation coefficients, and at the same time, pay attention to the areas where the change trend of evaluation indexes is abnormal and include them in the category of potential impact areas; Sort out and convert the format of the suitability evaluation results and potential impact area information, divide the sea area used for the project into regular grid cells, assign the corresponding suitability evaluation coefficient and potential impact area identifier to each grid cell, and at the same time, collect relevant geographical information data as the background information for visual output, and then standardize all the data; Use GIS software to visually present the prepared data. Based on the map, different colors are used to represent different suitability levels. Among them, the high suitability level is represented by green, the medium suitability level is represented by yellow, and the low suitability level is represented by red. For potential impact areas, special marks are used for highlighting, and a flashing effect is added on the basis of the low suitability level. At the same time, add auxiliary elements such as legends, scales and coordinate axes to finally output a clear and intuitive visual chart.

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