Nuclear fusion device, monitoring system and installation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion devices and discloses a nuclear fusion device, a monitoring system, and an installation method thereof. The monitoring system comprises: a cold shield body, which has a ring-shaped rotating structure and is disposed within a cavity and wrapped around the circumferential outer side of a vacuum chamber. The cold shield body comprises a plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, the plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments surrounding the cold shield body; and a distance measuring assembly, which is disposed within the cold shield body and comprises a plurality of groups of distance measuring sensors spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body. Each group of distance measuring sensors includes a plurality of distance measuring sensors, each of which is used to detect the gap size between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil, and the gap size between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber. This facilitates the assembly of the cold shield body in the nuclear fusion device and enables real-time monitoring of the matching position of the cold shield body, the vacuum chamber, and the longitudinal field coil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion devices, and in particular to a nuclear fusion device and a monitoring system and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, in nuclear fusion devices, the gap between the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil is small (e.g., within 100 mm), and a cold shield body is arranged between the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil. The cold shield body is used to reduce the heat load applied by high-temperature components to the low-temperature superconducting magnet (e.g., the magnet part in the longitudinal field coil). Therefore, the cold shield body needs to maintain a clearance fit with the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil, that is, the cold shield body cannot contact the vacuum chamber or the longitudinal field coil, resulting in the cold shield body in the nuclear fusion device requiring high assembly precision.

[0003] At the same time, during operation of the nuclear fusion device, the vacuum chamber temperature rises, causing the structure to expand. Meanwhile, the cold shield and longitudinal field coils cool and shrink, causing the gaps between the cold shield and the vacuum chamber, and between the cold shield and longitudinal field coils, to change during operation. If the cold shield contacts the vacuum chamber or longitudinal field coils, a surge of conducted heat will occur at the contact point, causing the cold shield to fail and affecting the overall operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0004] In the related art, the position of the cold shield body is usually corrected by positioning block measurement during the assembly process, which results in the need for multiple adjustments in the assembly process of the cold shield body, making the assembly efficiency of the cold shield body low and prone to large assembly errors. At the same time, it is impossible to monitor the coordination status of the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber or the longitudinal field coil when the nuclear fusion device is running, posing certain safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one purpose of the present application is to provide a monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device. The cold shield monitoring system is used to detect the gap sizes between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber, and between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil, to assist in adjusting the position of the cold shield body between the longitudinal field coil and the vacuum chamber, and to monitor the operating status of the nuclear fusion device, thereby improving the operational reliability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0006] According to the monitoring system of the nuclear fusion device of the first aspect of the present application, the nuclear fusion device includes a longitudinal field coil and a vacuum chamber, the longitudinal field coil is surrounded to form a cavity arranged in a ring shape, and the vacuum chamber is placed in the cavity, the monitoring system includes: a cold shield body, the cold shield body is a ring-shaped rotating structure, and the cold shield body is arranged in the cavity and wrapped around the circumferential outside of the vacuum chamber, the cold shield body includes a plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments surround the cold shield body; a distance measuring component, the distance measuring component is arranged on the cold shield body, the distance measuring component The component includes multiple groups of ranging sensors arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body, each group of the ranging sensors includes multiple ranging sensors, and each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments is provided with at least one group of ranging sensors, each group of the ranging sensors is arranged around the vacuum chamber in the circumferential direction of the sector-shaped cold shield segment, and the ranging sensors are used to detect the gap size between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil, and the gap size between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber; wherein, in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body, any two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors are arranged at intervals.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, in an axial projection of the cold shield body, a plurality of the ranging sensors in the same group of ranging sensors are collinearly arranged along a radial direction of the cold shield body.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the axial projection of the cold shield body, the angles between the arrangement directions of any two groups of adjacently arranged ranging sensors are the same.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the circumferential projection of the cold screen body, the central angle of each group of the fan-shaped cold screen segments is α, the angle between the arrangement directions of the two adjacent groups of ranging sensors is β, and the relationship is satisfied: α=N×β; wherein N is a positive integer.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the cold screen main body includes eight groups of the fan-shaped cold screen segments, the central angle α of each group of the fan-shaped cold screen segments is 45°, and each group of the fan-shaped cold screen segments is provided with two groups of the ranging sensors, and the angle β between the arrangement directions of the two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is 22.5°; or, the cold screen main body includes sixteen groups of the fan-shaped cold screen segments, the central angle α of each group of the fan-shaped cold screen segments is 22.5°, and each group of the fan-shaped cold screen segments is provided with two groups of the ranging sensors, and the angle β between the arrangement directions of the two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is 22.5°.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, each group of the fan-shaped cold shield segments includes a vertical extension segment, an upper arc segment, a middle arc segment and a lower arc segment connected in sequence end to end, so that the cross-section of the fan-shaped cold shield segment is D-shaped; wherein, a plurality of the ranging sensors are provided in the vertical extension segment, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors are arranged adjacent to the connection between the vertical extension segment and the upper arc segment and the connection between the vertical extension segment and the lower arc segment; and / or, a plurality of the ranging sensors are provided in the upper arc segment, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors are arranged adjacent to the two ends of the upper arc segment; and / or, a plurality of the ranging sensors are provided in the lower arc segment, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors are arranged adjacent to the two ends of the lower arc segment; and / or, a plurality of the ranging sensors are provided in the middle arc segment, and the plurality of ranging sensors are respectively arranged at a plurality of equally divided points in the extension direction of the middle arc segment.

[0012] The monitoring system for the nuclear fusion device according to the embodiment of the present application has at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0013] (1) The monitoring system can detect the gap size between the cold screen body and the vacuum chamber, and between the cold screen body and the longitudinal field coil through the distance measuring component, so that the optimal installation gap of the cold screen body can be obtained through computer fitting based on the above-mentioned size gap detection results. Then, the installation position of the cold screen body can be adjusted to improve the installation accuracy of the cold screen body and arrange the cold screen body at the optimal installation gap.

[0014] (2) During the operation of the nuclear fusion device, the gap size between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber, and between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil can be monitored in real time through the monitoring system to prevent the cold shield body from contacting the vacuum chamber or the longitudinal field coil, thereby avoiding failure of the cold shield body and improving the reliability, stability and safety of the operation process of the nuclear fusion device.

[0015] The nuclear fusion device according to the second embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned monitoring system.

[0016] The advantages of the nuclear fusion device and the above-mentioned monitoring system compared with the existing technology are the same and will not be repeated here.

[0017] According to the installation method of the nuclear fusion device of the third aspect embodiment of the present application, the installation method is applied to the above-mentioned monitoring system, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-install the hall assembly and determine the position of the vacuum chamber sector; Step 2: Install the fan-shaped cold shield segment outside the vacuum chamber sector of the vacuum chamber; Step 3: Real-time monitoring of the first gap value between the D-shaped fan-shaped cold shield segment and the vacuum chamber sector in the circumferential direction, and during the installation process, keep the first gap value not less than the first safety gap value; Step 4: Set the longitudinal field coil outside the fan-shaped cold shield segment, and monitor the second gap value between the fan-shaped cold shield segment and the longitudinal field coil in the circumferential direction in real time, and during the installation process, keep the second gap value not less than the second safety gap value; Step 5: Set and position the vacuum chamber sector, the fan-shaped cold shield segment and the longitudinal field coil, and respectively assemble multiple sections of the fan-shaped cold shield segment into A ring is connected to form a cold shield body, and the multiple vacuum chamber segments are connected in a ring to form a vacuum chamber; step six: the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil are fixed in place; step seven: the third gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber in the circumferential direction, and the fourth gap value between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil are detected, and the relative displacement between the longitudinal field coil, the vacuum chamber and the cold shield body during the operation of the nuclear fusion device is analyzed according to computer design simulation, and the first optimal installation gap distribution between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil and the second optimal installation gap distribution between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber are obtained by fitting, the position of the cold shield body is adjusted, and the cold shield body is fixed in place; wherein, in the steps five and six, the monitoring system monitors the gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber and the gap value between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil in real time.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the method also includes step eight: real-time monitoring of the fifth gap value between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil and the sixth gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber when the nuclear fusion device is running, and when at least one of the fifth gap value and the sixth gap value exceeds the safety threshold range, a gap value out-of-tolerance prompt and a dangerous gap warning are given, and the exact position and gap value are displayed.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, the size of the first optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 40 mm, the size of the second optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 30 mm; and / or the safety threshold range is not less than 10 mm.

[0020] The advantages of the installation method are the same as those of the above-mentioned monitoring system compared with the existing technology, and will not be repeated here.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the coordination of the longitudinal field coil, vacuum chamber, and monitoring system in a nuclear fusion device according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a fan-shaped cold shield segment according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fan-shaped cold shield segment according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 5 This is an installation method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] Monitoring system 100; longitudinal field coil 200; cavity 201; vacuum chamber 300;

[0030] Cold shield body 1; fan-shaped cold shield segment 11; vertical extension segment 111; upper arc segment 112; middle arc segment 113; lower arc segment 114; distance measuring component 2; distance measuring sensor 21. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0032] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 5 A monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application is described. The cold shield position monitoring device is applied to a nuclear fusion device. The nuclear fusion device includes a longitudinal field coil 200 and a vacuum chamber 300. The longitudinal field coil 200 surrounds a cavity 201 arranged in a ring shape. The vacuum chamber 300 is arranged in the cavity 201, and the position of the vacuum chamber 300 relative to the longitudinal field coil 200 is fixed.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present application, the monitoring system 100 includes a cold shield body 1 and a ranging component 2. The cold shield body 1 has a ring-shaped rotating structure, and the cold shield body 1 is arranged in a cavity 201 formed by a longitudinal field coil 200 and is included in the circumferential outer side of the vacuum chamber 300. When the host of the nuclear fusion device is in operation, the cold shield body 1 reduces the heat load applied by high-temperature components to the low-temperature superconducting magnet (such as the longitudinal field coil 200, etc.), thereby ensuring that the superconducting magnet can operate normally and improving the operating stability, reliability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0034] In a nuclear fusion device, the longitudinal field coils 200 are arranged in a circular ring, and the cold shield body 1 has a circular rotating structure. In other words, the shape of the cold shield body 1 matches the shape of the cavity 201 defined by the longitudinal field coils 200. The cold shield body 1 also includes multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 arranged sequentially along the circumference, forming the cold shield body 1 surrounded by these groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11.

[0035] It should be noted that in a nuclear fusion device, the cold shield body 1 is arranged in the space between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200. It is both located outside the vacuum chamber 300 and within the longitudinal field coil 200, enveloping the vacuum chamber 300 to isolate the vacuum chamber 300 from the magnetic components in the longitudinal field coil 200. The cold shield body 1 is large in size, strong in strength, and highly resilient. Therefore, it is necessary to divide the cold shield body 1 into multiple segments (i.e., the aforementioned "multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11") and then process and assemble them. During assembly, the multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 are assembled sequentially to form the cold shield body 1, which reduces the difficulty of assembling the cold shield body 1 in a nuclear fusion device.

[0036] Furthermore, a distance measuring assembly 2 is provided on the cold shield body 1. The distance measuring assembly 2 includes multiple groups of distance measuring sensors 21 spaced apart circumferentially around the cold shield body 1. Each group of distance measuring sensors 21 includes multiple distance measuring sensors 21. Furthermore, at least one group of distance measuring sensors 21 is provided on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11. Each group of distance measuring sensors 21 is arranged circumferentially around the vacuum chamber 300. The distance measuring sensors 21 are used to detect the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, and the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300. In the circumferential direction of the cold shield body 1, any two adjacent groups of distance measuring sensors 21 are spaced apart.

[0037] Therefore, in the monitoring system 100, the gap size between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the gap size between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200 can be detected by the ranging sensor 21, so that the installation position of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 can be assisted corrected during the process of assembling the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 to form the cold shield main body 1, which helps to improve the assembly accuracy and assembly efficiency of the cold shield main body 1, and can monitor the gap size between the cold shield main body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 and the gap size between the cold shield main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 in real time when the nuclear fusion device is running, so as to prevent the cold shield main body 1 from contacting the longitudinal field coil 200 or the vacuum chamber 300, ensure the function of the cold shield main body 1, and improve the operational reliability, stability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0038] It is understood that during the assembly process of the cold shield main body 1, the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 are first fixedly arranged before the cold shield main body 1, and then the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 are fixedly arranged between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200. Because each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is provided with at least one set of distance measuring sensors 21, after a group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is arranged between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200, the distance measuring sensors 21 on the group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 detect the gap sizes between the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200. This assists in positional correction of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, helps improve the assembly accuracy of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, and thus can produce a cold shield main body 1 with higher assembly accuracy.

[0039] It should be noted that since the cold shield main body 1 is composed of multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, after each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is assembled, the distance measuring assembly 2 can be used to detect and correct the assembly position of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11. This can adjust the assembly position of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 when the assembly error of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is too large, thereby ensuring the assembly accuracy of the cold shield main body 1. In the process of detecting the position of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 by the distance measuring assembly 2, the detection data of the distance measuring sensors 21 on the multiple groups of already assembled and fixed sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 can be combined to make a judgment, which helps to improve the overall assembly accuracy of the cold shield main body 1.

[0040] At the same time, when the overall assembly of the cold shield body 1 is completed, the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 can be monitored in real time through the ranging component 2 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device to prevent the cold shield body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0041] Currently, in nuclear fusion devices, the gap between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 is small (e.g., within 100 mm), and a cold shield body 1 is arranged between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200. The cold shield body 1 is used to reduce the heat load applied by high-temperature components to the low-temperature superconducting magnet (e.g., the magnet part of the longitudinal field coil 200). Therefore, the cold shield body 1 needs to maintain a clearance fit with the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200, that is, the cold shield body 1 cannot come into contact with the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200. As a result, the cold shield body 1 in the nuclear fusion device needs to have high assembly precision.

[0042] At the same time, during operation of the nuclear fusion device, the temperature of the vacuum chamber 300 rises, causing its structure to expand. Meanwhile, the temperature of the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 decreases, causing their dimensions to shrink. This causes changes in the gaps between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200. If the cold shield body 1 were to come into contact with the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200, a surge of conductive heat would occur at the contact point, causing the cold shield body 1 to fail and impacting the overall operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0043] In the related art, the position of the cold shield main body 1 is usually corrected by positioning block measurement during the assembly process, which results in the need for multiple adjustments in the assembly process of the cold shield main body 1, resulting in low assembly efficiency of the cold shield main body 1 and prone to large assembly errors. At the same time, it is impossible to monitor the coordination status of the cold shield main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 when the nuclear fusion device is running, posing certain safety hazards.

[0044] According to the monitoring system 100 of the nuclear fusion device in the embodiment of the present application, a distance measuring sensor 21 is provided on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, so as to detect the gap size between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the vacuum chamber 300, and the gap size between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200 through the distance measuring sensor 21, thereby assisting in position adjustment of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 during the assembly process, thereby improving the assembly accuracy and assembly efficiency of the cold shield body 1 during the assembly process. In addition, after the cold shield body 1 is assembled, the distance measuring component 2 can monitor the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, and the gap size between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 in the operating state of the nuclear fusion device in real time, so as to avoid contact between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 or the vacuum chamber 300 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, thereby improving the reliability, stability and safety of the operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0045] It should be noted that the monitoring system 100 is also provided with a computer (not shown). Specifically, the computer can be configured as a computer and can communicate with the multiple sets of distance measuring sensors 21 to obtain gap size parameters. The computer can also fit the position and posture of the cold shield, vacuum chamber 300, and magnet based on the gap size parameters. The computer can be integrated into the control system of the nuclear fusion device.

[0046] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, in the axial projection of the cold shield body 1, multiple ranging sensors 21 in the same group of ranging sensors 21 are collinearly arranged along the radial direction of the cold shield body 1, so that the multiple sensors in the same group of ranging sensors 21 are coplanarly arranged. The distances between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200 are detected by the multiple coplanarly arranged ranging sensors 21, which facilitates subsequent fitting of the position and posture between the cold shield body 1, the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 by a computer.

[0047] It can be understood that when multiple ranging sensors 21 in the same group are arranged in the same plane and the plane in which they are located is the radial direction of the cold shield body 1, it is convenient to detect the gap size between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200, and the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the vacuum chamber 300 in the radial direction of the cold shield body 1 through the ranging sensors 21.

[0048] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the vertical cross-section of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is annular and arranged around the vacuum chamber 300 , and the multiple distance measuring sensors 21 in the same group arranged on the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 are also arranged around the circumferential outside of the vacuum chamber 300 .

[0049] The inner wall of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 is positioned opposite the outer wall of the vacuum chamber 300, allowing the distance sensor 21 to detect the vertical distance between the inner wall of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the outer wall of the vacuum chamber 300 in the relative direction. The outer wall of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 is positioned opposite the inner wall of the longitudinal field coil 200, allowing the distance sensor 21 to detect the vertical distance between the outer wall of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the inner wall of the longitudinal field coil 200 in the relative direction. Thus, a computer can fit the position and posture of the cold shield body 1, the vacuum chamber 300, and the longitudinal field coil 200 based on the gap size parameters detected by the multiple distance sensors 21, thereby assisting in adjusting the installation position of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11.

[0050] In a further embodiment of the present application, in the axial projection of the cold shield body 1, the angle between the arrangement directions of any two groups of adjacently arranged ranging sensors 21 is the same, so that multiple groups of ranging sensors 21 are evenly spaced along the circumference in the cold shield body 1, so that the gaps between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 can be fully detected by multiple groups of ranging sensors 21, and it is convenient to fit the position posture between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, the longitudinal field coil 200, and the optimal installation position of the cold shield body 1 through subsequent computer simulation calculations.

[0051] It can be understood that since multiple groups of ranging sensors 21 are provided in the cold shield main body 1, and the multiple groups of ranging sensors 21 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the cold shield main body 1, the multiple groups of ranging sensors 21 can divide the cold shield main body 1 into multiple detection areas, so that the gap sizes between the cold shield main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield main body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 can be more fully detected, which is convenient for improving the installation accuracy of the fan-shaped cold shield segment 11 and improving the real-time monitoring effect of the monitoring system 100 on the position of the cold shield main body 1 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0052] It should be noted that within the cold shield body 1, each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 has the same shape, and the distance sensors 21 on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 are also positioned in the same location. During assembly of the cold shield body 1, the installation position of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 can be adjusted based on the gap size parameters detected by the distance sensors 21 installed on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, thereby improving the assembly accuracy of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11.

[0053] Furthermore, during the assembly process of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, it is preferred to keep the gap size parameters detected by the distance measuring sensors 21 at the same arrangement position in multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 the same, so as to control the installation error of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 within the error range allowed by the optimal installation gap (such as 1 mm, 2 mm, etc.), thereby improving the assembly accuracy of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, in the circumferential projection of the cold shield body 1, the central angle of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is α, and the angle between the arrangement directions of two adjacent groups of ranging sensors 21 is β, and the relationship is satisfied: α = N × β. Where N is a positive integer, that is, N can be 1, 2, 3, etc.

[0055] It can be understood that the cold screen body 1 is composed of multiple groups of fan-shaped cold screen segments 11. When the central angle α corresponding to each group of fan-shaped cold screen segments 11 is an integer multiple of the angle β between the arrangement directions of two adjacent groups of ranging sensors 21 on the cold screen body 1, it is convenient to arrange each group of ranging sensors 21 on the same group of fan-shaped cold screen segments 11, so that multiple groups of ranging sensors 21 can be evenly distributed on the cold screen body 1, and each group of ranging sensors 21 can be arranged in a position area suitable for avoiding the connection position of the two groups of fan-shaped cold screen segments 11, thereby ensuring the assembly reliability of the ranging sensor 21 and the fan-shaped cold screen segment 11.

[0056] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the cold shield body 1 includes eight groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11, the central angle α of each group of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 is 45°, and each group of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 is provided with two groups of ranging sensors 21, and the angle β between the arrangement directions of the two adjacent groups of ranging sensors 21 is 22.5°.

[0057] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the central angle α corresponding to the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 is 45°, and two groups of distance sensors 21 are provided on the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11. The angle β between the arrangement directions of the two groups of distance sensors 21 is 22.5°. When the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 is connected to another sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, the angle between the one group of distance sensors 21 on the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the adjacent group of distance sensors 21 on the other sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 in the arrangement direction is also 22.5°. Figure 3 The two dot-dash lines shown in FIG. 1 are the arrangement directions of the two groups of distance measuring sensors 21 on the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 .

[0058] In another specific embodiment of the present application, the cold shield body 1 includes sixteen groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11, the central angle α of each group of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 is 22.5°, and each group of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 is provided with two groups of ranging sensors 21, and the angle β between the arrangement directions of the two adjacent groups of ranging sensors 21 is 22.5°.

[0059] Reference Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 : shows two groups of connected and matched sector-shaped cold shield segments 11. The central angle α corresponding to each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is 22.5°. A group of distance sensors 21 is provided on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11. The arrangement positions of each group of distance sensors 21 on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 are the same. The angle β between the arrangement directions of the two groups of distance sensors 21 is 22.5°. That is, the angle between the two groups of distance sensors 21 on any two adjacent groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is 22.5°. Figure 4The two dot-dash lines shown in FIG. 1 are the arrangement directions of the two groups of distance measuring sensors 21 on the two groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 .

[0060] It should be noted that the monitoring system 100 of the present application is applied to a nuclear fusion device. Due to the complex structure of the nuclear fusion device, the installation period is long, usually up to 2 to 3 years, and due to the large volume of the cold shield main body 1, it needs to be divided into multiple groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 for assembly.

[0061] It is understandable that after assembling multiple sets of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11, they can together form a larger and fan-shaped cold shield structure segment, until a complete closed-loop cold shield body 1 is formed by multiple sets of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when the central angle of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 in the cold shield body 1 is 22.5°, the central angle of the sector-shaped cold shield structure formed by assembling two groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 will increase to 45°. Therefore, in this application, the central angle of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 can be designed to be 22.5°, 45°, etc. according to the assembly and production requirements of the cold shield body 1.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, a hollow structure is provided on the fan-shaped cold shield segment 11, and the hollow structure is provided along the wall thickness direction of the fan-shaped cold shield segment 11. The hollow structure can be used to arrange other components or allow other components to pass through. The above-mentioned "other components" may include but are not limited to wiring harnesses, etc.

[0063] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in a further embodiment of the present application, each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is constructed as an axisymmetric structure.

[0064] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the central angle corresponding to each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is 22.5°, and a group of distance measuring sensors 21 on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 are arranged near the symmetry line.

[0065] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, each group of fan-shaped cold shield segments 11 includes a vertical extension segment 111, an upper arc segment 112, a middle arc segment 113 and a lower arc segment 114 connected in sequence end to end, so that the cross-section of the fan-shaped cold shield segment 11 is D-shaped.

[0066] Reference Figure 1In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided on the vertical extension section 111, and at least two of the plurality of ranging sensors 21 are provided near the connection between the vertical extension section 111 and the upper arc section 112 and the connection between the vertical extension section 111 and the lower arc section 114.

[0067] It should be noted that in the cold shield body 1, the vertical dimension of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is no less than 6m (also the axial dimension of the cold shield body 1), and the radial dimension of each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is no less than 4m. Therefore, each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 is relatively large. During the assembly process of the cold shield body 1, multiple panels can be spliced ​​together to form a group of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, and then multiple groups of sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 can be assembled to form the cold shield body 1.

[0068] Each of the aforementioned multi-segment structures (i.e., the vertically extending segment 111, the upper curved segment 112, the middle curved segment 113, and the lower curved segment 114) can be constructed by splicing one or more panels, without specific limitations herein. Therefore, by disposing multiple distance measuring sensors 21 on each of the vertically extending segment 111, the upper curved segment 112, the middle curved segment 113, and the lower curved segment 114, the gap size between each segment and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 can be fully detected. Furthermore, the splicing accuracy of the multiple panels can be checked based on the detection results of multiple distance measuring sensors 21 in the same group.

[0069] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of distance measuring sensors 21 are provided on the upper arc segment 112 , and at least two of the plurality of distance measuring sensors 21 are provided near both ends of the upper arc segment 112 .

[0070] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of distance measuring sensors 21 are provided on the lower arc segment 114 , and at least two of the plurality of distance measuring sensors 21 are provided near both ends of the lower arc segment 114 .

[0071] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of distance measuring sensors 21 are provided in the middle arc segment 113 , and the plurality of distance measuring sensors 21 are respectively provided at a plurality of equally divided points in the extension direction of the middle arc segment 113 .

[0072] It can be understood that, in the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, the ranging sensor 21 is arranged on the multi-segment structure constituting the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, and the ranging sensor 21 is set near the end position of each segment structure (such as the vertical extension segment 111, the upper arc segment 112 and the lower arc segment 114, etc.), so that the ranging sensor 21 is arranged in the corner area of ​​the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 to improve the gap size detection effect at the protruding position of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 on the longitudinal field side.

[0073] Furthermore, at the middle arc segment 113 with a larger curvature, multiple ranging sensors 21 can be arranged at multiple equally divided points of the middle arc segment 113 to evenly arrange the multiple ranging sensors 21, thereby reducing the number of ranging sensors 21 arranged on the middle arc segment 113 while ensuring the gap size detection effect at the middle arc segment 113.

[0074] It should be noted that, in the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, the arrangement position of the ranging sensor 21 can be designed according to the extension direction, curvature, length, etc. of the multiple-segment structure (i.e., the vertical extension segment 111, the upper arc segment 112, the middle arc segment 113, and the lower arc segment 114) in the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, so that the multiple ranging sensors 21 are respectively arranged at positions that match the contour of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, so as to facilitate the subsequent computer fitting of the position and posture of the cold shield, the vacuum chamber 300, and the magnet.

[0075] In the monitoring system 100 of the present application, each ranging sensor 21 may be configured as one of an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor, and a radar sensor.

[0076] In the cold shield main body 1, the gap dimensions on both sides of the cold shield main body 1 in the inner and outer directions (i.e., the gap dimension between the cold shield main body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and the gap dimension between the cold shield main body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200) can be detected by the same distance measuring sensor 21. The gap dimensions on both sides of the cold shield main body 1 in the inner and outer directions can also be detected separately by two distance measuring sensors 21 at the same position.

[0077] The nuclear fusion device according to the embodiment of the present application includes the monitoring system 100 described above.

[0078] The advantages of the nuclear fusion device over the prior art are the same as those of the monitoring system 100 described above and will not be further elaborated here.

[0079] According to the installation method of the nuclear fusion device of the embodiment of the present application, the installation method is applied to the above-mentioned monitoring system 100, and the installation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-install the hall assembly and determine the position of the vacuum chamber sector; Step 2: Install the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 outside the vacuum chamber sector of the vacuum chamber 300; Step 3: Real-time monitoring of the first gap value between the D-shaped sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the vacuum chamber sector in the circumferential direction, and during the installation process, the first gap value is kept not less than the first safety gap value; Step 4: Set the longitudinal field coil 200 outside the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, and monitor the second gap value between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200 in the circumferential direction in real time, and during the installation process, the second gap value is kept not less than the second safety gap value; Step 5: Place the vacuum chamber sector, The sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200 are assembled and positioned, and multiple sectors of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 are connected in a ring to form the cold shield body 1, and multiple sectors of the vacuum chamber sector are connected in a ring to form the vacuum chamber 300; step six: the vacuum chamber sector and the longitudinal field coil 200 are fixed in place; step seven: the third gap value between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 in the circumferential direction and the fourth gap value between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 are detected, and the relative displacement of the longitudinal field coil 200, the vacuum chamber 300 and the cold shield body 1 during the operation of the nuclear fusion device is analyzed according to computer design simulation, and the first optimal installation gap between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 and the second optimal installation gap between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 are obtained by fitting, the position of the cold shield body 1 is adjusted, and the cold shield body 1 is fixed in place.

[0080] Among them, in step five and step six, the monitoring system 100 monitors the gap value between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and the gap value between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 in real time, so as to assist the installation of the cold shield body 1 by real-time monitoring of the gap value, and avoid interference between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 during the pre-installation process.

[0081] First, during the assembly process of the nuclear fusion device, the vacuum chamber segments, the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 and the longitudinal field coils 200 need to be pre-installed in a pre-installation hall.

[0082] During the pre-installation process, the position of the vacuum chamber sector must be determined first, and then the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 is installed on the circumferential outside of the vacuum chamber sector. The first gap value between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the vacuum chamber sector is monitored by the distance measurement component 2 provided on the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11. At the same time, during the installation process of the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 outside the vacuum chamber sector, the first gap value must be maintained at no less than a first safety gap value to prevent interference or contact between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the vacuum chamber sector, thereby preventing damage.

[0083] It should be noted that the multiple sets of distance measuring sensors in the distance measuring assembly 2 are capable of detecting the gap dimensions between the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 at multiple locations within the cold shield body 1 to obtain corresponding gap values ​​(such as the first gap value and the second gap value described above). Taking the first gap value as an example, each first gap value may correspond to a first safety gap value, or multiple first gap values ​​may correspond to the same first safety gap value. The specific design can be determined based on the assembly requirements of the cold shield body 1.

[0084] Furthermore, after the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 is pre-installed relative to the vacuum chamber sector, the longitudinal field coil 200 is installed at the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, and is continuously monitored by the ranging component 2 to obtain a second gap value. During the process of installing the longitudinal field coil 200 at the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11, the second gap value needs to be maintained at no less than a second safety gap value to prevent interference or contact between the sector-shaped cold shield segment 11 and the longitudinal field coil 200, thereby preventing damage.

[0085] This completes the pre-assembly of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, vacuum chamber segments, and longitudinal field coils 200. The pre-assembled vacuum chamber segments, sector-shaped cold shield segments 11, and longitudinal field coils 200 can now be hoisted and placed as a whole at the desired location for the nuclear fusion device (i.e., the device pit). Multiple segments of the sector-shaped cold shield segments 11 and vacuum chamber segments can then be connected in a ring. The cold shield body 1 and vacuum chamber 300 now form a ring arrangement.

[0086] Secondly, the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 are fixed in the device foundation pit, that is, the positions of the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 do not change.

[0087] Furthermore, the third gap value and the fourth gap value are further detected and obtained by the distance measuring component 2, and the relative displacement between the longitudinal field coil 200, the vacuum chamber 300 and the cold shield body 1 under the operation state of the nuclear fusion device is analyzed in combination with computer simulation, such as: the longitudinal field coil 200 and the cold shield body 1, the vacuum chamber 300 and the cold shield body 1, so as to obtain the first optimal installation gap and the second optimal installation gap of the cold shield body 1 relative to the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300, so as to further adjust the position of the cold shield body 1 according to the first optimal installation gap and the second optimal installation gap, and fix the cold shield body 1 after the adjustment.

[0088] Thus, the cold shield body 1 is fixed relative to the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 that have been positioned and fixed, thereby realizing the assembly of the vacuum chamber 300, the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, and the cold shield body 1 can be arranged at the optimal installation position between the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200, that is, the installation position that can simultaneously meet the first optimal installation gap and the second optimal installation gap.

[0089] The above-mentioned “first optimal installation gap” and “second optimal installation gap” can both be set as parameter ranges and are not limited to a specific numerical parameter.

[0090] Therefore, based on the monitoring system 100, the installation position of the cold shield body 1 in the nuclear fusion device is detected to obtain the optimal installation position of the cold shield body 1 between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300, and the cold shield body 1 is adjusted to the corresponding optimal installation position to obtain a nuclear fusion device with high operating reliability and good stability.

[0091] According to the installation method of the nuclear fusion device in the present application, the cold shield body 1 is first arranged between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 by pre-installation, and the monitoring system obtains the optimal installation position of the cold shield body 1 between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 through computer fitting based on this. Finally, the cold shield body 1 is adjusted to the optimal installation position to assist in completing the installation and adjustment of the cold shield body 1. It can improve the installation accuracy of the cold shield body 1 while improving the matching reliability of the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, thereby effectively preventing the cold shield body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0092] In a further embodiment of the present application, the installation method also includes step eight: real-time monitoring of the fifth gap value between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil and the sixth gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber when the nuclear fusion device is running, and when at least one of the fifth gap value and the sixth gap value exceeds the safety threshold range, a gap value out-of-tolerance prompt and a dangerous gap warning are given.

[0093] In this way, contact between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 can be effectively prevented, thereby improving the operational reliability, stability and safety of the nuclear fusion device.

[0094] It can be understood that step eight is performed after the cold shield body 1 is installed and fixed in position, and step eight is further triggered when the nuclear fusion device is in operation, so as to monitor the matching position of the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 in real time through the monitoring system 100, thereby avoiding contact between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0095] It should be noted that during the operation of the nuclear fusion device, the temperature rise of the vacuum chamber 300 will cause the structure of the vacuum chamber 300 to expand, and the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 will shrink to a certain extent due to the temperature drop, thereby causing the gap values ​​between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 to change.

[0096] In the present application, through the above-mentioned step eight, the gap value between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 can be monitored in real time, so as to alarm when the fifth gap value and the sixth gap value exceed the safety threshold range, thereby preventing the cold shield body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0097] In some embodiments of the present application, the first optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 40 mm, and the second optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 30 mm. When the installation position of the cold shield body 1 relative to the vacuum chamber 300 and the longitudinal field coil 200 meets the above parameter ranges, sufficient gaps can be reserved between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, to prevent the cold shield body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200 during operation of the nuclear fusion device, which could cause the cold shield body 1 to fail.

[0098] In some embodiments of the present application, the safety threshold range is not less than 10 mm.

[0099] It is understandable that the safety threshold range is smaller than the first optimal installation gap and the second optimal installation gap to ensure the monitoring effect of the monitoring system 100 on the coordination position of the cold shield body 1 , the vacuum chamber 300 , and the longitudinal field coil 200 .

[0100] The installation method according to the embodiment of the present application has at least the following advantages compared with the prior art solutions:

[0101] (1) The cold shield body 1 is first arranged between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 in a pre-installed manner, so as to obtain the first gap value and the second gap value through the monitoring system 100, and based on this, the optimal installation position of the cold shield body 1 between the longitudinal field coil 200 and the vacuum chamber 300 is obtained by computer fitting. Finally, the cold shield body 1 is adjusted to the optimal installation position to assist in completing the installation and adjustment of the cold shield body 1, which can improve the installation accuracy of the cold shield body 1 while improving the matching reliability between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200, thereby effectively preventing the cold shield body 1 from contacting the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200.

[0102] (2) After the cold shield body 1 is assembled in the nuclear fusion device, the matching positions between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300, and between the cold shield body 1 and the longitudinal field coil 200 can be further monitored in real time, and a gap alarm function is provided, thereby effectively avoiding contact between the cold shield body 1 and the vacuum chamber 300 or the longitudinal field coil 200, thereby ensuring the thermal shielding effect of the cold shield body 1.

[0103] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0104] In the description of this application, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0105] In the description of this application, “plurality” means two or more.

[0106] In the description of the present application, a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact with each other, or the first and second features being in contact with each other not directly but via another feature therebetween.

[0107] In the description of this application, a first feature “on”, “above” and “above” a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.

[0108] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0109] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that: The nuclear fusion device includes a longitudinal field coil and a vacuum chamber, wherein the longitudinal field coil is surrounded by a cavity arranged in a ring shape, and the vacuum chamber is placed in the cavity, and the monitoring system includes: A cold shield body, the cold shield body having an annular rotating structure, and the cold shield body is arranged in the cavity and wrapped around the circumferential outer side of the vacuum chamber, the cold shield body comprising a plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of groups of fan-shaped cold shield segments surround the cold shield body; a distance measuring assembly provided on the cold shield body, comprising a plurality of groups of distance measuring sensors spaced apart in a circumferential direction of the cold shield body, each group of the distance measuring sensors comprising a plurality of the distance measuring sensors, and at least one group of the distance measuring sensors being provided on each group of sector-shaped cold shield segments, each group of the distance measuring sensors being arranged around the vacuum chamber in a circumferential direction of the sector-shaped cold shield segments, and the distance measuring sensors being used to detect a gap size between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil, and a gap size between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber; Wherein, in the circumferential direction of the cold shield body, any two groups of adjacently arranged distance measuring sensors are arranged at intervals.

2. The monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In an axial projection of the cold shield body, a plurality of the ranging sensors in a same group of the ranging sensors are collinearly arranged along a radial direction of the cold shield body.

3. The monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the axial projection of the cold shield body, the angles between the arrangement directions of any two groups of adjacently arranged distance measuring sensors are the same.

4. The monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the circumferential projection of the cold shield body, the central angle of each group of the sector-shaped cold shield segments is α, the angle between the arrangement directions of two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is β, and the relationship is satisfied: α=N×β; Wherein, N is a positive integer.

5. The monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cold shield body includes eight groups of the fan-shaped cold shield segments, each group of the fan-shaped cold shield segments has a central angle α of 45°, and each group of the fan-shaped cold shield segments is provided with two groups of the ranging sensors, and the angle β between the arrangement directions of the two adjacent groups of the ranging sensors is 22.5°; Alternatively, the cold screen main body includes sixteen groups of fan-shaped cold screen segments, the central angle α of each group of fan-shaped cold screen segments is 22.5°, and each group of fan-shaped cold screen segments is provided with two groups of ranging sensors, and the angle β between the arrangement directions of the two adjacent groups of ranging sensors is 22.5°.

6. The monitoring system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each group of the fan-shaped cold shield segments includes a vertical extension segment, an upper arc segment, a middle arc segment, and a lower arc segment connected in sequence end to end, so that the cross section of the fan-shaped cold shield segment is formed into a D shape; wherein, A plurality of distance measuring sensors are provided in the vertical extension section, and at least two of the plurality of distance measuring sensors are provided near the connection between the vertical extension section and the upper arc section and the connection between the vertical extension section and the lower arc section; And / or, the upper arc segment is provided with a plurality of the distance measuring sensors, and at least two of the plurality of the distance measuring sensors are provided near two ends of the upper arc segment; And / or, the lower arc segment is provided with a plurality of the distance measuring sensors, and at least two of the plurality of the distance measuring sensors are provided near two ends of the lower arc segment; And / or, a plurality of the distance measuring sensors are provided in the middle arc segment, and the plurality of the distance measuring sensors are respectively provided at a plurality of equally divided points in the extending direction of the middle arc segment.

7. A nuclear fusion device, characterized in that: Comprising a monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. A method for installing a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that: The installation method is applied to the monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Pre-assemble the hall and determine the position of the vacuum chamber sectors; Step 2: Install a sector-shaped cold shield segment outside the vacuum chamber sector of the vacuum chamber; Step 3: real-time monitoring of a first gap value between the D-shaped sector cold shield segment and the vacuum chamber sector in the circumferential direction, and maintaining the first gap value to be no less than a first safety gap value during the installation process; Step 4: Mounting the longitudinal field coil on the outside of the sector-shaped cold shield segment, and monitoring a second gap value between the sector-shaped cold shield segment and the longitudinal field coil in a circumferential direction in real time, and maintaining the second gap value not less than a second safety gap value during the installation process; Step 5: assembling and positioning the vacuum chamber segments, the sector-shaped cold shield segments, and the longitudinal field coils, and respectively connecting multiple sectors of the sector-shaped cold shield segments in a ring to form a cold shield body, and connecting multiple sectors of the vacuum chamber segments in a ring to form a vacuum chamber; Step 6: Fix the vacuum chamber and the longitudinal field coil in place; Step 7: Detecting a third gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber in the circumferential direction, and a fourth gap value between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil; analyzing the relative displacement between the longitudinal field coil, the vacuum chamber, and the cold shield body during operation of the nuclear fusion device based on computer design simulation; obtaining a first optimal installation gap between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil, and a second optimal installation gap between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber; adjusting the position of the cold shield body; and securing the cold shield body in place. Wherein, in the step five and the step six, the monitoring system monitors in real time the gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber, and the gap value between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil.

9. The method for installing a nuclear fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method further includes step eight: real-time monitoring of a fifth gap value between the cold shield body and the longitudinal field coil and a sixth gap value between the cold shield body and the vacuum chamber when the nuclear fusion device is in operation, and providing a gap value out-of-tolerance prompt and a dangerous gap warning when at least one of the fifth gap value and the sixth gap value exceeds a safety threshold range.

10. The method for installing a nuclear fusion device according to claim 9, wherein: The size of the first optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 40 mm, and the size of the second optimal installation gap is greater than or equal to 30 mm; And / or, the safety threshold range is not less than 10 mm.

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