Energy management method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an energy management method, the method is applied to an energy management system, the energy management system comprises a vibration energy collector, a rectifying device, a first storage battery, a second storage battery and a charging port, the charging port is connected with the first storage battery, and the vibration energy collector is connected with the first storage battery through the rectifying device. The method comprises the steps that vibration energy is collected through a vibration energy collector, the vibration energy is converted into electric energy, and the vibration energy collector comprises a double-face piezoelectric type streamline cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector; according to the charging current and the charging voltage of the first storage battery, current-voltage conversion is carried out on the electric energy through rectification equipment, and the converted electric energy is transmitted to the first storage battery to be stored; and if it is detected that the charging port is connected with the load equipment, determining a target power supply battery in the first storage battery and the second storage battery according to the residual electric quantity of the first storage battery, and supplying power to the load equipment through the target power supply battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of this specification relate to the technical field of energy harvesting, and particularly to an energy management method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global economy, users' demand for energy is increasing day by day. Although traditional fossil fuels have advantages such as high energy density, easy storage, and easy use, their large consumption has also brought energy crises and environmental problems. These problems include the limitedness of fossil fuel resources such as oil and natural gas, and climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil fuels. To solve these problems, people have started to look for new and renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, water energy, and geothermal energy. These renewable energy sources have advantages such as sustainability, environmental friendliness, economy, and flexibility, and have become one of the important directions for the global energy transformation. Similarly, vibration energy, as a renewable energy source that commonly exists in nature, is usually converted into electrical energy through vibration energy harvesting technology. After being converted into electrical energy, it can be widely applied to various working fields of low-power-consuming devices. Therefore, the application scope of vibration energy harvesting technology is very wide, which can provide a reliable power source for various fields and bring more convenient and practical solutions.

[0003] Common vibration energy harvesting methods include piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic methods, etc. Piezoelectric energy harvesters generally adopt a cantilever beam structure. Compared with other harvesting methods, they have advantages such as a relatively simple structure, high energy density, and can be fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) processing technology, becoming a hot topic in the field of energy harvesters in recent years. However, most current vibration energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric effect have too low output voltage / power to meet the requirements of energy storage and driving devices, and their working bandwidth is narrow, and they can only have a large output within a very small range near the resonance frequency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective method to solve such problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of this specification provide an energy management method. One or more embodiments of this specification also relate to an energy management device, a computing device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program to solve the technical defects existing in the prior art.

[0005] According to the first aspect of the embodiments of this specification, an energy management method is provided, which is applied to an energy management system. The energy management system includes a vibration energy harvester, a rectifying device, a first storage battery, a second storage battery, and a charging port. The charging port is connected to the first storage battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first storage battery through the rectifying device. The method includes: Collect vibration energy through the vibration energy harvester and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy. Among them, the vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester; According to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, and through the rectifying device, perform current-voltage conversion on the electrical energy, and transmit the converted electrical energy to the first storage battery for storage; When it is detected that the charging port is connected to a load device, according to the remaining power of the first storage battery, determine a target power supply battery from the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and supply power to the load device through the target power supply battery.

[0006] In an optional implementation manner, the piezoelectric energy harvester is arranged on the body of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam, and is used to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and convert it into electrical energy.

[0007] In an optional implementation manner, the energy management method further includes: Simulate and generate initial cantilever beam models of multiple different shapes, where the surface areas of the initial cantilever beam models of multiple different shapes are the same; Perform static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever beam model, and determine an intermediate cantilever beam model from the initial cantilever beam models of multiple different shapes according to the analysis results; Adjust the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, where the surface areas of the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened are the same; Perform strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each cantilever beam model to be screened through a finite element analysis algorithm, and determine a target cantilever beam model from the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened according to the analysis results, where the shape of the target cantilever beam model is double-sided piezoelectric streamlined.

[0008] In an optional implementation manner, the rectifying device includes a bridge rectifier, an under-voltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence. The piezoelectric energy converts vibration energy into electrical energy, and the bridge rectifier and the buck converter perform voltage and current conversion on the electrical energy; The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery, the first storage battery is connected to the buck converter, and the first storage battery stores the electrical energy output by the buck converter.

[0009] In an alternative embodiment, determining a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery includes: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, determining the first battery and the second battery as the target power supply batteries, closing a first connection switch between the first battery and the second battery, and supplying power to the load device through the first battery and the second battery; When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than the first preset power threshold and less than a second preset power threshold, determining the first battery as the target power supply battery, and supplying power to the load device through the first battery.

[0010] In an alternative embodiment, the energy management method further includes: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to the second preset power threshold, determining the first battery as the target power supply battery, closing a second connection switch between the first battery and the second battery, and supplying power to the load device and the second battery through the first battery.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the energy management method further includes: Obtaining historical power generation data of the vibration energy harvester in a historical period through monitoring; Determining the current position information of the vibration energy harvester, and predicting the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy harvester in a target time interval according to the historical power generation data and the current position information; Dynamically adjusting the power distribution strategy of the first battery and the second battery in combination with the current remaining power, current discharge information of the first battery, and the power generation data.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present specification, an energy management device is provided, including: A collection module, configured to collect vibration energy through a vibration energy harvester and convert the vibration energy into electric energy, where the vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamline cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester; A storage module, configured to perform current-voltage conversion on the electric energy according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first battery, and transmit the converted electric energy to the first battery for storage through a rectifying device; A power supply module, configured to determine a target power supply battery from the first storage battery and the second storage battery according to the remaining power of the first storage battery when it detects that a load device is connected to a charging port, and supply power to the load device through the target power supply battery; Wherein, the charging port is connected to the first storage battery, and the vibration energy collector is connected to the first storage battery through the rectifying device.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present specification, there is provided a computing device, including: A memory and a processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the steps of any one of the energy management methods.

[0014] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present specification, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the energy management methods are implemented.

[0015] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present specification, there is provided a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed on a computer, the computer is made to execute the steps of the above energy management method.

[0016] The energy management method provided by the embodiments of the present specification collects vibration energy through a vibration energy collector and converts the vibration energy into electric energy. The vibration energy collector includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector; according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, and through the rectifying device, the current and voltage of the electric energy are converted, and the converted electric energy is transmitted to the first storage battery for storage; when it detects that a load device is connected to a charging port, according to the remaining power of the first storage battery, a target power supply battery is determined from the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and the load device is supplied power through the target power supply battery. By using a vibration energy collector including a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector for energy collection and conversion, it is beneficial to improve the energy conversion and collection efficiency; in addition, by using the rectifying device to convert the current and voltage of the collected electric energy to form a high-efficiency, low-power-consumption, and stable power supply for external power supply, it is beneficial to improve the energy utilization rate; furthermore, determining the target power supply battery for external power supply according to the remaining power of the two storage batteries is not only beneficial to ensuring the timeliness of energy supply, but also beneficial to ensuring the rationality and high efficiency of energy use. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is a flowchart of an energy management method provided by an embodiment of the present specification; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an energy management system provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the analysis process of a cantilever beam model structure provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of another analysis process of a cantilever beam model structure provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 6 It is a circuit schematic diagram of a rectifying device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cantilever beam provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an application device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 9 It is another perspective view of the application device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 11 It is another schematic diagram of the structure of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 13 It is another perspective view of the vibration energy harvesting device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 14 It is another schematic diagram of a partial structure of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of a partial sectional structure of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy management device provided by an embodiment of this specification; Figure 17 It is a structural block diagram of a computing device provided by an embodiment of this specification.

[0018] 1. Cantilever beam; 11. First end piece part; 12. Second end piece part; 13. Middle piece part; 14. First piezoelectric piece; 2. Middle seat; 21. First structure; 22. Second structure; 221. Second piezoelectric piece; 23. Elastic structure; 3. Main body structure; 4. Third piezoelectric piece; 5. Energy harvester; 51. Support plate; 52. Plate body; 53. Fourth piezoelectric piece; 6. Force transmission component; 61. Counterweight; 62. Side elastic member; 7. Support cylinder column; 71. Conical shell; 8. Cushion.

[0019] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present invention in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of this specification. However, this specification can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of this specification. Therefore, this specification is not limited by the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0021] The terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of this specification. The singular forms "a", "the", and "said" used in one or more embodiments of this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of this specification refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0022] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used in one or more embodiments of this specification to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification, the first can also be referred to as the second, and similarly, the second can also be referred to as the first. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein can be interpreted as "when" or "while" or "in response to determining".

[0023] In this specification, an energy management method is provided. This specification also relates to an energy management device, a computing device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program, which will be described in detail one by one in the following embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1The flowchart of an energy management method provided according to an embodiment of the present specification is shown. This method is applied to an energy management system, which includes a vibration energy harvester, a rectifying device, a first storage battery, a second storage battery, and a charging port. The charging port is connected to the first storage battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first storage battery through the rectifying device. The method specifically includes the following steps.

[0025] Step 102: Collect vibration energy through the vibration energy harvester and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy. The vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester.

[0026] The energy management method provided by the embodiment of the present specification is applied to an energy management system, which includes a vibration energy harvester, a rectifying device, a first storage battery, a second storage battery, and a charging port. The charging port is connected to the first storage battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first storage battery through the rectifying device.

[0027] The architecture diagram of an energy management system provided by the embodiment of the present specification is as Figure 2 shown. During the energy collection process, vibration energy can be specifically collected through the vibration energy harvester and converted into electrical energy. The vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester.

[0028] The energy management system provided by the embodiment of the present specification can be applied to a vehicle. For example, the energy management system can be set under the seat of a bus to collect the vibration energy generated by the seat vibration during the driving of the bus through this energy management system.

[0029] In an alternative embodiment, the piezoelectric energy harvester is disposed on the body of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam, and is used to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and convert it into electrical energy.

[0030] Furthermore, the energy management method further includes: Simulating and generating a variety of initial cantilever beam models with different shapes, where the surface areas of the variety of initial cantilever beam models with different shapes are the same; Performing static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever beam model, and determining an intermediate cantilever beam model from the variety of initial cantilever beam models with different shapes according to the analysis results; Adjusting the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, where the surface areas of the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened are the same; Perform strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each cantilever beam model to be screened using a finite element analysis algorithm, and determine the target cantilever beam model among the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened according to the analysis results, where the shape of the target cantilever beam model is a double-sided piezoelectric streamline shape.

[0031] Specifically, in the embodiments of this specification, first, with the surface area of the piezoelectric energy harvester being constant as the initial condition, analyze the influence of the shape of the piezoelectric energy harvester (triangle, trapezoid, rectangle) on the power generation performance (output voltage and power) of the device.

[0032] Based on this, first keep the surface areas of the initial cantilever beam models the same, divide their structures into triangles, trapezoids, and rectangles (all classic structures), and conduct static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis. Then, determine the intermediate cantilever beam model among the initial cantilever beam models with different shapes according to the analysis results. According to the specific experimental results, it can be seen that the average surface stress of the triangular structure is 0.04 N / m2, the average surface stress of the trapezoidal structure is 0.03 N / m2, and the average surface stress of the rectangular structure is 0.02 N / m2. It can be seen that the piezoelectric energy harvester with a triangular structure has the highest power generation efficiency.

[0033] In addition, after using the comparison results of the natural frequencies of piezoelectric energy harvesters with different shapes calculated by modal analysis and the comparison results of the output voltages of the initial cantilever beams with different shapes obtained by piezoelectric analysis, according to the comparison results, it can be known that under the same conditions, the triangular structure has the lowest natural frequency and a higher open-circuit output voltage. Compared with the trapezoidal and rectangular structures, the triangular structure not only has a lower natural frequency but also can generate a higher output voltage, and is more suitable for low-frequency ambient vibration energy harvesting. Therefore, the triangular structure is determined as the intermediate cantilever beam model.

[0034] In subsequent iterations, since the power generation efficiency of the triangular structure is insufficient to support user power supply requirements, in the embodiments of this specification, the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model is adjusted to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, where each cantilever beam model to be screened is streamline-shaped. Then, compare each cantilever beam model to be screened with the triangular structure using a finite element analysis algorithm, and evaluate its performance from three key aspects: strain, stress, and deformation. In strain analysis, mainly analyze the deformation degree of the cantilever beam under different load conditions to ensure that it will not exceed the elastic limit of the material during use, thereby avoiding permanent deformation. Stress analysis focuses on evaluating the internal stress distribution of the cantilever beam when it is stressed, which is crucial for predicting the fatigue life of the structure and preventing structural failure. Deformation analysis involves the displacement and deformation of the cantilever beam in actual applications, which is crucial for ensuring that the cantilever beam can accurately convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and maintaining its long-term stability and reliability.

[0035] The schematic diagram of the analysis process of a cantilever beam model structure provided by the embodiments of this specification is as Figure 3 shown.

[0036] After the analysis is completed, based on the comprehensive analysis results of this part, a target cantilever beam model is determined among at least two cantilever beam models to be screened. Among them, the shape of the target cantilever beam model is a double-sided piezoelectric streamline.

[0037] The embodiments of this specification optimize the design of the cantilever beam in the above manner to improve its efficiency and durability in energy harvesting applications, ensuring that it can exhibit excellent performance under various usage conditions.

[0038] Specifically, first establish a Bessel curve width distribution function: (1) Among them, and are the initial and final widths, and are the intermediate control points that can be optimized, and t = (x - 3.5) / 3.0 is the normalized position parameter.

[0039] Then establish the objective function strain energy formula: (2) (3) (4) Among them, M(x) is the bending moment distribution of the cantilever beam, I(x) is the moment of inertia, and the total strain energy U is calculated using np.trapz numerical integration. The goal is to minimize -U, so that the cantilever beam deforms more under the same load (higher strain energy), corresponding to a more flexible structure.

[0040] Set the stress constraint condition, that is, the maximum bending stress formula: (5) Among them, M_max is the maximum bending moment at the fixed end, I_min is the moment of inertia at the minimum width, and y_max is the distance from the neutral axis to the surface.

[0041] Finally, use the SLSQP (Sequential Least Squares Programming) algorithm for optimization.

[0042] The schematic diagram of the analysis process of another cantilever beam model structure provided by the embodiments of this specification is as Figure 4 shown.

[0043] The piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) consists of a piezoelectric mechanical resonator and an electrical circuit, with the core component being the piezoelectric transducer material. The resonator is often designed in the form of a cantilever beam, which can convert external vibrations onto the piezoelectric material. This design features one end fixed and the other end free, with a mass block added to the free end. In practical applications, the vibration energy harvester can be simplified to a single-mass spring-damper system, as shown in (a) of Figure 4 . This system consists of a cantilever beam equivalent to a spring oscillator, a damper connected to the base or frame, and a mass block located at the free end, while the base is subjected to external displacement or motion excitation. This model can be described as a "mass-spring-damper" system.

[0044] The force borne by the material can be equivalent to the sum of its inherent stiffness and the voltage control force, and its mathematical expression is: (6) In the formula, represents the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material; M identifies the mass of the object; is the stiffness parameter; δ refers to the force caused by viscous damping; represents the sum of its own stiffness and the voltage control force; and represent the displacement of mass M in the Galilean reference frame; is the coefficient describing the electromechanical coupling characteristics of the piezoelectric material.

[0045] In short, when the current source inside the piezoelectric material is affected by the relative mechanical velocity, its expression is as follows: (7) The basic properties of the "mass-spring-damper" system include the natural frequency and damping, which can be expressed separately as: (8) (9) In this formula, represents the eigenfrequency of the piezoelectric device; ζ represents the mechanical damping coefficient. Furthermore, the dynamic model of the piezoelectric system can be expressed as follows: (10) Equations (6) to (10) constitute the lumped-parameter electromechanical model of the vibration energy harvester. Using the properties of the piezoelectric material and the characteristics of the mechanical components, analytical methods can determine the model parameters. Usually, both finite element simulations and measured data can be used to estimate the parameter values, and research shows that the results of the two are consistent.

[0046] By integrating this model with the matching circuit model, the key performance indicators of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester can be evaluated. The matching circuit includes diodes, capacitors, and resistors, and is designed to simulate the energy consumption behavior of the actual load. Figure 4 In (b), the circuit layout clearly illustrates the operating mechanism. When the harvester undergoes periodic mechanical vibration at its resonant frequency, the power produced can be quantified using a specific formula.

[0047] (11) Where: is the angular frequency; is the vibration amplitude of an object of mass M.

[0048] Equation (11) shows the average output power and the square of the device acceleration and their product ( ), and this relationship is also affected by the load resistance R. This indicates that the energy output of a vibration energy harvester depends primarily on the structural characteristics of its piezoelectric beam and the connected load resistance. Based on this, the embodiments of this specification use finite element analysis to analyze how the positional distribution of the piezoelectric material, the geometry of the piezoelectric cantilever beam, and the load resistance jointly regulate power generation efficiency to optimize the harvester's power generation performance.

[0049] A schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown in FIG. Figure 5 shown.

[0050] This structure uses a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam as an efficient vibration energy conversion device. Compared with the traditional single rectangular cantilever beam, this center-converged streamlined structure not only better meets actual structural requirements and maximizes the piezoelectric material laying area, but also improves the use effect of piezoelectric materials, thereby significantly improving power generation efficiency.

[0051] A spring is added to the center region, creating a piezoelectric-spring composite structure to amplify the vibration effect and increase power output. The spring column adopts a sandwich composite structure, improving the single spring structure to a three-layer structure of spring, piezoelectric material, and support plate. This prevents damage to the cantilever beam and increases power generation. By arranging these aforementioned structures in multiple layers vertically, maximum power collection is achieved.

[0052] The embodiments of this specification are based on the mechanical properties of cantilever beams, which exhibit a significant strain amplification effect when subjected to stress. Therefore, a piezoelectric energy harvester is added to the cantilever beam to efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at the location where stress is greatest and most concentrated, thereby significantly improving power generation efficiency.

[0053] Since the embodiments of this specification adopt a central convergence structure, the free end of the front end of the cantilever beam needs to have good convergence characteristics. In addition, based on the results of finite element analysis, the shape of the cantilever beam was optimized, and a streamlined cantilever beam structure was designed. This structure not only meets the mechanical requirements of central convergence, but also further improves the power generation efficiency by reasonably distributing stress. Combining the structural requirements with the stress analysis of the cantilever beam, the optimal design of the cantilever beam structure was completed, enabling it to achieve the expected goals in terms of mechanical properties, structural characteristics, and power generation efficiency.

[0054] By adding piezoelectric materials to the cantilever beam and optimizing its structure, the embodiments of this specification have achieved significant performance improvements. In terms of mechanical properties, the stress distribution of the streamlined cantilever beam is more reasonable, and the convergence characteristics of the free end of the front end have been effectively improved, enabling it to better meet the mechanical requirements of the central convergence structure, and significantly enhancing the stability and reliability of the overall structure.

[0055] In terms of power generation efficiency, the piezoelectric materials can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at the position where the stress of the cantilever beam is the largest and most concentrated. Compared with the traditional structure, the power generation efficiency has been greatly improved. Comparing the rectangular cantilever beam and the triangular cantilever beam, the power generation efficiency of the streamlined cantilever beam has been greatly improved. Therefore, the improvement of the shape of the cantilever beam is beneficial to improving the energy recovery efficiency and energy utilization rate.

[0056] Step 104: According to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, and through the rectification device, perform current-voltage conversion on the electrical energy, and transmit the converted electrical energy to the first storage battery for storage.

[0057] In an optional implementation manner, the rectification device includes a bridge rectifier, an under-voltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence. The piezoelectric energy converts vibration energy into electrical energy, and the bridge rectifier and the buck converter perform voltage and current conversion on the electrical energy. The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery, and the first storage battery is connected to the buck converter, and the first storage battery stores the electrical energy output by the buck converter.

[0058] The circuit schematic diagram of a rectification device provided by the embodiments of this specification is as Figure 6 shown.

[0059] The vibration energy collected by the piezoelectric energy harvester is input into a rectifying device, which integrates a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit and a buck converter inside. The former converts alternating current into direct current, and the latter reduces the voltage to match the battery charging voltage. Capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel, with one parallel point grounded and the other parallel point connected to one side of capacitor C3. The other side of capacitor C3 is connected to the third pin of the chip. The parallel-connected capacitors C1 and C2 mainly play the role of energy buffering. Since the electrical energy output by the piezoelectric energy harvester is intermittent (only output when vibration occurs), the parallel capacitors can quickly accumulate these charges and act as an "energy pool". The role of capacitor C3 is to further stabilize the charges accumulated by C1 and C2 and play a role in voltage smoothing. The other side of C3 is connected to the third pin (Vin pin) of the chip to provide a stable input voltage for the chip.

[0060] One end of inductor L1 is connected to the fifth pin of the LTC3588-2 chip, and the other end is connected to the sixth pin. Together with capacitor C5, they form a filtering circuit. Inductor L1 plays the role of energy storage and filtering in the circuit, can effectively suppress high-frequency noise and voltage spikes, and at the same time provides a stable current output during the process of electrical energy conversion.

[0061] This design can efficiently convert the weak alternating current (typical value about 10µA) generated by the piezoelectric energy harvester into direct current, and the total voltage drop of the rectifying device is only about 400mV, significantly reducing the loss compared with traditional rectifying devices.

[0062] In addition, the rectifying device includes an under-voltage lockout mode with an ultra-low quiescent current (450nA), allowing charges to accumulate on the input capacitor until the input voltage reaches the UVLO rising threshold, at which point the buck converter is enabled.

[0063] This design enables it to operate at extremely low power inputs. Even when the input current is very small, it can effectively accumulate energy until there is enough energy for efficient conversion.

[0064] In addition, the rectifying device has selectable output voltages and high output current capabilities. Specifically, it can provide four selectable output voltages of 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, and 3.6V, and can provide a continuous output current of up to 100mA.

[0065] This design enables it to meet a variety of different application requirements, and at the same time supports higher output current bursts by designing the output capacitor.

[0066] In addition, the rectifying device provides a low quiescent current and a sleep mode. During steady-state regulation, it enters the sleep mode with a low quiescent current (950nA), at which time both the input and output quiescent currents are minimized.

[0067] This design further reduces the power consumption of the device under no-load or light-load conditions, and extends the service life of the energy harvesting system.

[0068] The conversion process from unsteady, high-voltage, low-current to regulated direct current: (1) Rectification process Taking an irregular alternating current of 90 mA and 15 V as an example, there is a bridge rectifier inside the device, whose function is to convert the alternating current into a unidirectional direct current. This bridge rectifier is "full-wave", meaning it can utilize every peak and trough of the alternating current and turn them into part of the direct current.

[0069] Specifically, the alternating current of 15 V and 90 mA is input into the rectifying device through pins. The bridge rectifier converts both the positive and negative half-waves of the alternating current into positive direct current. In this way, the originally fluctuating voltage becomes a relatively stable direct current voltage, but there may still be some fluctuations. The rectified direct current is stored in a capacitor on the VIN pin. This capacitor is like an "energy pool" that temporarily stores the rectified energy.

[0070] (2) Adjustment process of the buck converter After rectification, it is necessary to reduce the direct current stored in the capacitor from 15 V to a stable 3.3 V. This process is completed by the buck converter.

[0071] Under-voltage lockout (UVLO) mode (start): When the voltage on the capacitor reaches a certain value (such as 15 V), the buck converter will start to work. This "certain value" is determined by the under-voltage lockout (UVLO) function inside the device. If the voltage is too low, the buck converter will not start because the energy is not sufficient at this time. When the input voltage is 15 V, which exceeds the start threshold of UVLO, the buck converter will start to work.

[0072] Energy transfer (during the process): The buck converter controls the energy transfer through an inductor (usually a coil) and a switch (the internal MOSFET). It periodically turns the switch on and off to allow the current in the inductor to flow, thereby transferring the energy in the capacitor to the output terminal. This process is like using a water pump to pump water from a high pool (input capacitor) to a low pool (output capacitor).

[0073] Stable output voltage: The buck converter maintains the stability of the output voltage through an internal feedback mechanism. It continuously detects the output voltage. If the output voltage is lower than 3.3V, it will operate for a longer time to transfer more energy to the output terminal; if the output voltage is higher than 3.3V, it will operate for a shorter time to reduce energy transfer. This process is like an automatically regulated faucet that controls the water flow according to needs to ensure that the water level (output voltage) in the pool always remains at 3.3V.

[0074] Function of the output capacitor: The capacitor at the output terminal (such as 47µF) further smooths the voltage and reduces fluctuations. In this way, the finally output direct current will be very stable, and the voltage remains at about 3.3V.

[0075] Final output: After the above two steps, the original irregular 15V alternating current is rectified into direct current and stably regulated to 3.3V direct current by the buck converter. This stable 3.3V direct current can be used to power microprocessors, sensors or other low-power devices.

[0076] Step 106: When it is detected that the charging port is connected to a load device, determine a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supply power to the load device through the target power supply battery.

[0077] In an optional implementation manner, the determining a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery includes: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, determine the first battery and the second battery as the target power supply batteries, close the first connection switch between the first battery and the second battery, and supply power to the load device through the first battery and the second battery; When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than the first preset power threshold and less than a second preset power threshold, determine the first battery as the target power supply battery, and supply power to the load device through the first battery.

[0078] Further, when it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to the second preset power threshold, determine the first battery as the target power supply battery, close the second connection switch between the first battery and the second battery, and supply power to the load device and the second battery through the first battery.

[0079] When the remaining power of the first battery is less than or equal to the first preset power threshold, the system immediately activates the emergency power supply protocol. The first connection switch automatically closes to form a unidirectional conduction loop, and the second battery injects electrical energy into the first battery through a dedicated circuit. At this time, the second connection switch remains open for isolation. The second battery gives priority to maintaining the continuous power supply capacity of the charging interface. During the energy replenishment process, the system continuously compares the battery states of both sides. If the power of the first battery rises back to 25% or the power of the second battery itself is consumed to the preset warning line, the energy replenishment circuit is immediately cut off to prevent the overdraft of core emergency power resources.

[0080] When the remaining power of the first battery is greater than the first preset power threshold and less than the second preset power threshold, the system disconnects all external switches. The mechanical energy captured by the vibration power generation device is directly input into the first battery and synchronously supplied to the charging interface load group after voltage stabilization processing. The first battery serves as a dynamic buffer unit in this mode: when the vehicle is running smoothly and the vibration energy input is gentle, it gradually stores surplus electrical energy; when the load suddenly increases due to passengers' concentrated charging or the vehicle jolts violently to generate an energy peak, the first battery smooths the power supply fluctuations through a rapid response mechanism. The system adjusts the charge and discharge rate in real time to keep the first battery in a shallow charge-discharge cycle state, ensuring both power supply stability and maximizing the battery service life.

[0081] When the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to the second preset power threshold, the system closes the second connection switch to establish an energy transfer channel with the second battery and stops the vibration energy input at the same time. At this time, the continuous electrical energy generated by vibration power generation is combined with the overflow energy of the battery and is directionally transported to the energy storage unit of the second battery through an isolation circuit. The charging interface enters the limited power output state, and the power supply capacity is controlled within the safety threshold to ensure the basic charging demand while avoiding the risk of circuit overload. The system uses a dual monitoring mechanism to synchronously track the real-time states of the first battery and the second battery. When the power of the first battery drops back to 75% or the second battery is close to full charge capacity, the energy feedback process is automatically terminated and switched to the independent power supply mode.

[0082] In practical applications, the first preset power threshold can be set to 20%, and the second preset power threshold can be set to 80%. It can be determined according to actual needs specifically and is not limited here.

[0083] The three modes are seamlessly connected through the intelligent control center, and a pre-check buffer mechanism is adopted during switching: First, the load compatibility of the target power supply unit is verified, then a transient continuous power supply is maintained through a transition circuit, and finally the switching action is completed in a zero-current state. This strategy not only eliminates the risk of power interruption but also minimizes the energy loss during the switching process, forming a sustainable power supply system that gives priority to the utilization of vibration energy, uses the vehicle-mounted battery as a backup, and enhances the efficiency of redundant energy in a cycle. On the premise of fully following the original design framework, it realizes the dual improvement of energy distribution efficiency and equipment safety.

[0084] When applying the energy management system to a vehicle, the second battery can be the vehicle-mounted battery. The vehicle-mounted battery is directly connected to the vehicle's electric drive system, emergency evacuation lighting device, and emergency ventilation and air-conditioning equipment through an independent power supply line, forming a dedicated emergency power network that is physically isolated from the conventional power consumption system. When the vehicle encounters a sudden power outage or a main circuit failure, the vehicle-mounted battery automatically switches to the power supply state, continuously provides power for the electric door opening and closing mechanism to ensure the rapid evacuation of passengers, simultaneously activates the LED emergency lighting system on the top of the vehicle compartment, illuminates the evacuation passage through a stable light source output of not less than 30 minutes, and maintains the basic operation of the air-conditioning fresh air device to prevent the deterioration of the air quality in the enclosed space. The entire emergency power supply system is linked through a real-time monitoring module and a mechanical control unit to ensure uninterrupted power supply to key facilities even in extreme situations such as collisions and fires, creating a safe and reliable emergency shelter environment for passengers.

[0085] By integrating the three core technologies of vibration power generation, intelligent dispatching, and emergency support, the efficient conversion and precise control of the mechanical vibration energy of the vehicle are realized, and a smart energy network of "real-time power supply - surplus energy storage - emergency response" is constructed. This system takes systematic energy management as the core, strictly ensures the emergency power reserve by dynamically optimizing the power supply path, and significantly improves the overall energy efficiency level. At the technical application level, it not only realizes the all-time capture and immediate utilization of vibration energy but also intelligently feeds back the excess electric energy to the vehicle-mounted energy storage system; in terms of operation management, it greatly reduces the manual intervention cost through automatic regulation and extends the service life of key equipment at the same time.

[0086] In an optional implementation manner, the energy management method further includes: Obtaining the historical power generation data of the vibration energy collector in a historical period through monitoring; Determining the current position information of the vibration energy collector, and predicting the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy collector in a target time interval according to the historical power generation data and the current position information; Combining the current remaining power, current discharge information of the first battery, and the power generation data, dynamically adjusting the power distribution strategy of the first battery and the second battery.

[0087] Specifically, to further improve the power generation capacity and energy utilization efficiency, the embodiments of this specification predict the power generation amount within a future period by monitoring the vibration characteristics of the vibration energy harvester at different time periods in real time, and dynamically optimize the power distribution strategy in combination with the current power consumption demand.

[0088] The embodiments of this specification set vibration sensors and power generation amount monitoring modules in the energy management system, record the vibration intensity and power generation amount of the vibration energy harvester at different time periods in real time, and establish a power generation amount database to record the historical power generation amount data at different time periods.

[0089] Furthermore, machine learning algorithms (such as time series prediction models or LSTM neural networks) can be combined to analyze the historical data to predict the power generation amount within a future period, and the input parameters of the prediction model can be dynamically adjusted according to the position information of the vibration energy harvester. Through the adaptive optimization strategy, the system preferentially charges the second storage battery during periods of high power generation, and at the same time meets the power consumption demands of other high-power devices through the charging interface; while during periods of low power generation, it preferentially guarantees the power supply of key devices and suspends non-key devices to save electric energy. In addition, the system optimizes the power distribution through the dynamic power adjustment module to ensure the stable operation of the system under different working conditions.

[0090] (1) Power generation prediction model Use the LSTM neural network to model the historical power generation amount data to predict the future power generation amount: (12) Among them, represents the historical power generation amount data within the past time period, is the output function of the LSTM model.

[0091] (2) Power distribution optimization strategy In sections with high power generation, the optimization goal is to maximize the energy storage efficiency : (13) In sections with low power generation, the optimization goal is to maximize the power utilization efficiency : (14) (3) Dynamic power adjustment Through the dynamic power adjustment module, the mathematical expression for optimizing the power distribution is: (15) Among them, is the current power generation amount, is the current electricity demand, is the priority coefficient of the second storage battery, is the available power of the second storage battery.

[0092] By optimizing the cantilever beam structure and the layout of the piezoelectric energy harvester, the power generation efficiency is further improved. At the same time, the vibration characteristics of the vibration energy harvester are monitored in real time by using the vibration power difference detection technology, providing data support for power generation prediction. Finally, the system not only improves the utilization efficiency of vibration energy generation, but also enhances the stability and adaptability of the system.

[0093] The energy management method provided by the embodiments of this specification collects vibration energy through a vibration energy harvester and converts the vibration energy into electrical energy. Among them, the vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamline cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester; according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, and through a rectification device, the current and voltage of the electrical energy are converted, and the converted electrical energy is transmitted to the first storage battery for storage; when it is detected that a load device is connected to the charging port, according to the remaining power of the first storage battery, a target power supply battery is determined between the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and the load device is powered by the target power supply battery. By using a vibration energy harvester including a double-sided piezoelectric streamline cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester for energy collection and conversion, it is beneficial to improve the energy conversion and collection efficiency; in addition, by using a rectification device to convert the collected electrical energy in terms of current and voltage to form a high-efficiency, low-power, and stable power supply for external power supply, it is beneficial to improve the energy utilization rate; furthermore, determining the target power supply battery for external power supply according to the remaining power of the two storage batteries is not only beneficial to ensuring the timeliness of energy supply, but also beneficial to ensuring the rationality and high efficiency of energy use.

[0094] The embodiments of this specification utilize a multi-layer composite cantilever beam structure to convert the vibration energy on the bus seat into electrical energy through piezoelectric materials. This energy conversion method can not only collect the vibration energy generated by the bus chair, but also improve the energy conversion efficiency by matching the external excitation frequency. Specifically, it includes the following three parts: (1) The energy conversion system collects the vibration energy generated when the bus bumps through a piezoelectric variable cross-section cantilever beam, converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy and processes it in the circuit processing system. Here, a multi-layer composite structure is used, and by selecting the materials and parameters of each component and designing a reasonable cantilever beam shape through finite element analysis, the vibration energy collection efficiency is maximized.

[0095] (2) The electrical energy storage and application system preferentially distributes the collected electrical energy through an energy management strategy, such as charging USB devices and providing emergency lighting. In addition, the system can also provide power for in-vehicle lighting, air conditioning, and smartphone charging, realizing reasonable energy distribution.

[0096] (3) The circuit processing system is responsible for converting the collected alternating current into direct current and ensuring a stable output of the current. This module includes a bridge rectifier, undervoltage lockout, monitoring voltage protection circuit, and buck converter to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the system.

[0097] To build an efficient and reliable in-vehicle energy management system, the embodiments of this specification design a set of energy monitoring and distribution system that is deeply linked with the in-vehicle battery around the core technical features of the vibration energy generation intelligent bus seat. The system uses a rechargeable battery as the energy storage center, and through the intelligent control module, it monitors the battery state in real time, dynamically adjusts the power supply path, and ensures the dual requirements of passenger charging service and vehicle emergency power supply.

[0098] Specifically, the system provides a rechargeable battery to connect to the vibration power generation seat ( Figure 2 each of the blue bars on the left in which can represent a seat) and the charging interface (USB interface), and at the same time, the in-vehicle battery is connected in parallel at both ends of the battery. This system monitors the battery power in real time through the intelligent control module, dynamically adjusts the power supply link, forms a three-level energy distribution logic, and ensures the efficient utilization of vibration energy and the safety of in-vehicle power supply.

[0099] As Figures 7 to 13 shown, Embodiment 1 of this specification provides a cantilever beam 1, including: a first end piece portion 11, a second end piece portion 12, and a middle piece portion 13. Extrusion surfaces are provided on both sides of the first end piece portion 11 perpendicular to the thickness direction. The second end piece portion 12 and the first end piece portion 11 are spaced apart. The width of the second end piece portion 12 is smaller than that of the first end piece portion 11. In the direction from the first end piece portion 11 to the second end piece portion 12, the width of the second end piece portion 12 gradually decreases. The middle piece portion 13 is located between the first end piece portion 11 and the second end piece portion 12, and the middle piece portion 13 is respectively connected to the first end piece portion 11 and the second end piece portion 12. Bending deformation surfaces are provided on both sides of the middle piece portion 13 perpendicular to the thickness direction. In the direction from the middle of the middle piece portion 13 to the first end piece portion 11 and the second end piece portion 12 on both sides respectively, the width of the bending deformation surface gradually increases.

[0100] The end of the first end piece 11 facing away from the second end piece 12 is used for fixing. When the cantilever beam 1 is affected by an external structure and mechanically vibrates, it will squeeze the piezoelectric sheets on both sides, causing the piezoelectric crystal lattice structure of the corresponding piezoelectric sheets to undergo mechanical deformation, thereby generating a measurable potential difference on the surface of the material, and realizing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The second end piece 12 can be connected to a vibration source, which can transmit the vibration energy to the cantilever beam 1 when the vibration source vibrates. The cantilever beam 1 of the embodiment of this specification has a width of the curved deformation surface gradually increasing from the middle of the middle piece 13 to the first end piece 11 and the second end piece 12 on both sides, that is, a narrowing section is formed in the middle of the cantilever beam 1, so that when the cantilever beam 1 vibrates, the middle part is prone to large deformation, which is conducive to the piezoelectric sheet attached to the middle piece 13 of the cantilever beam 1 to generate more electrical energy. Based on the mechanical properties of the cantilever beam 1, it has a significant strain amplification effect when subjected to force. Therefore, we choose to add piezoelectric material to the cantilever beam 1 so that it can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at locations where stress is greater and more concentrated (such as the bending deformation surface), thereby greatly improving the power generation efficiency.

[0101] In some possible implementations, bumps may be provided on the extrusion surface. When the extrusion surface contacts the piezoelectric sheet, each bump acts on a different position of the piezoelectric sheet, enabling the piezoelectric sheet to generate more electrical energy.

[0102] The vibration energy harvesting device of the embodiment of this specification can be applied to seats, vehicles and mechanical equipment to achieve energy recycling. The piezoelectric piece can be PZT5A piezoelectric ceramic.

[0103] In some possible implementation schemes, the edges on the same side of the first end piece 11, the middle piece 13 and the second end piece 12 are smoothly connected and extend smoothly along the arc. The material of the cantilever beam 1 can be spring steel to ensure that it is not easily damaged by fatigue under high-frequency vibration. This specification can achieve vibration performance improvement in multiple scenarios by geometrically optimizing the cantilever beam 1. The narrowed part in the middle of the cantilever beam 1 extends smoothly and is easy to bend and deform. The deformation is large, which can help the piezoelectric piece attached to the cantilever beam 1 to generate more electricity. The cantilever beam 1 adopts a streamlined design and is optimized through finite element analysis to ensure uniform stress distribution during vibration and avoid local stress concentration.

[0104] In some possible embodiments, a tip piece portion is provided on a side of the second end piece portion 12 facing away from the first end piece portion 11, and the tip piece portion is used for connection and fixation, such as being connected to the middle seat 2. The cantilever beam 1 is generally an equilateral triangle, and the tip piece portion is the vertex of the equilateral triangle. Usually, a plurality of cantilever beams 1 are arranged around the middle seat 2, and each cantilever beam 1 extends radially outward with the middle seat 2 as the center. By setting the cantilever beam 1 as a triangular shape, the width dimension of the side of each cantilever beam 1 close to the middle seat 2 can be reduced, so that it is beneficial to arrange a large number of cantilever beams 1 on the periphery of the middle seat 2, avoiding the problem of overlapping of the ends of the cantilever beams 1, thereby increasing the number and density of the piezoelectric sheets arranged.

[0105] It should be noted that the thickness of the cantilever beam 1 can be 0.5 mm, and it is made of spring steel material to ensure that it is not easily fatigued and damaged under high-frequency vibration. The thickness of the piezoelectric sheet can be 0.3 mm, and it can be fixed on the surface of the cantilever beam 1 by a pasting process.

[0106] In some possible embodiments, the cantilever beam 1 includes a beam body and a first piezoelectric sheet 14. The beam body includes the above-mentioned first end piece portion 11, second end piece portion 12 and middle piece portion 13. The beam body is a sheet body formed integrally. The first piezoelectric sheet 14 is at least partially attached to the bending deformation surface. The bending deformation surface is the part with the largest deformation amount on the cantilever beam 1. By attaching the first piezoelectric sheet 14 to the bending deformation surface, the deformation of the first piezoelectric sheet 14 can be increased, the power generation amount can be increased, and the power generation efficiency can be improved. The first piezoelectric sheet 14 can extend along the length direction of the beam body of the cantilever beam 1.

[0107] Through adding piezoelectric materials on the cantilever beam 1 and optimizing its structure in the embodiments of this specification, significant performance improvement is achieved. In terms of mechanical properties, the stress distribution of the streamlined cantilever beam 1 is more reasonable, and the gathering characteristic of the front free end is effectively improved, which can better meet the mechanical requirements of the central gathering structure, and the stability and reliability of the overall structure are significantly enhanced. In terms of power generation efficiency, the piezoelectric material can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at the positions where the stress of the cantilever beam 1 is large and concentrated. Compared with the traditional structure, the power generation efficiency is greatly improved. Comparing the rectangular cantilever 1 and the standard triangular cantilever beam, the power generation efficiency of the streamlined cantilever beam 1 adopted in the embodiments of this specification is greatly improved. Generally speaking, the shape improvement of the cantilever beam 1 in the embodiments of this specification provides a more efficient and reliable solution for energy recovery and utilization in practical applications.

[0108] Such as Figure 2 And Figures 7 to 15As shown in the figure, an embodiment of this specification provides a vibration energy harvesting device, including: a middle seat 2 and the above-mentioned cantilever beam 1. The middle seat 2 has a first structure 21, a second structure 22, and an elastic structure 23. The elastic structure 23 is disposed between the first structure 21 and the second structure 22, and the elastic structure 23 is respectively connected to the first structure 21 and the second structure 22. Each of the cantilever beams 1 is sequentially and spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the middle seat 2, and the side of the second end piece portion 12 of each cantilever beam 1 facing away from the first end piece portion 11 is connected to the first structure 21.

[0109] One side of the middle seat 2 is directly or indirectly connected to a vibration source. When the middle seat 2 vibrates, it will transfer energy to the surrounding cantilever beams 1, causing each cantilever beam 1 to undergo corresponding vibration deformation, so that the first piezoelectric sheet 14 attached to the cantilever beam 1 generates electrical energy.

[0110] The vibration energy harvesting device may include a harvesting circuit, and the harvesting circuit is connected to each piezoelectric sheet to collect and store the energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet.

[0111] In some possible implementation schemes, a second piezoelectric sheet 221 is disposed on at least one of the first structure 21 and the second structure 22. An external impact can directly or indirectly act on the middle seat 2. By disposing the second piezoelectric sheet 221 on the middle seat 2, a part of the mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy. Both the first structure 21 and the second structure 22 are rigid structures. For example, the second structure 22 may include two layers of rigid structures, and the second piezoelectric sheet 221 is disposed inside the two layers of rigid structures and generates mechanical deformation and electrical energy by being squeezed.

[0112] In some possible implementation schemes, the vibration energy harvesting device includes: a main body structure 3. The main body structure 3 has a receiving groove, the middle seat 2 is located in the receiving groove, a plurality of third piezoelectric sheets 4 are all disposed on the main body structure 3, and each of the third piezoelectric sheets 4 is sequentially and spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the receiving groove. The side of the first end piece portion 11 of each cantilever beam 1 facing away from the second end piece portion 12 is connected to the main body. Under the action of an external force, the cantilever beam 1 of the vibration energy harvesting device can be deformed, and the extrusion surfaces of each cantilever beam 1 respectively squeeze and contact the corresponding third piezoelectric sheets 4. Wherein, corresponding to each cantilever beam 1 on the main body structure 3, corresponding third piezoelectric sheets 4 are respectively disposed on both sides along the thickness direction.

[0113] One end of the cantilever beam 1 connected to the main structure 3 is fixed as the root fixed end, and the other end is indirectly connected to the vibration source, i.e., the middle seat 2, which is the free end. The reaction moment generated by the constraint of the fixed end of the cantilever beam 1 causes a high-curvature deformation in the root region of the beam, and the large displacement at the free end is converted into a high-strain state in the root region through the geometric configuration of the beam body and acts on the third piezoelectric sheet 4. In the structural design of the embodiment of this specification, the characteristic that the cantilever beam 1 structure can convert a small displacement into a large surface strain is utilized, so that the third piezoelectric sheet 4 generates more electric energy.

[0114] In some possible implementation schemes, the vibration energy harvesting device may include a plurality of the middle seats 2. Each of the middle seats 2 is arranged in sequence along the extending direction of the receiving groove. The first structure 21 of one of the adjacent two middle seats 2 and the second structure 22 of the other are fixedly connected. The first structure 21 and the second structure 22 can be connected by fasteners or by glue. Each middle seat 2 is connected to the main structure 3 through a plurality of the cantilever beams 1 around it. The elastic structure 23 of each middle seat 2 includes a plurality of springs, and each spring is located between the first structure 21 and the second structure 22 of the first middle seat 2. Each middle seat 2 corresponds to a cantilever beam array. The cantilever beams 1 of the cantilever beam array are radially arranged and converge at the center to form a circular array. This layout can maximize the laying area of the piezoelectric material and ensure that the vibration of the middle seat 2 can be evenly transmitted to each cantilever beam 1. The vibration energy harvesting device of the embodiment of this specification is a multi-layer structure, and each layer structure includes a middle seat 2 and a cantilever beam array.

[0115] In some possible implementation schemes, the vibration energy harvesting device includes: an energy harvester 5 and a force transmission component 6. A fourth piezoelectric sheet 53 is arranged on the energy harvester 5. The energy harvester 5 and the main structure 3 are arranged at intervals. The force transmission component 6 is located between the energy harvester 5 and the main structure 3 and is respectively in contact with the middle seat 2 on the energy harvester 5 and the main structure 3. The movement of any one of the energy harvester 5 and the middle seat 2 can apply a force to the other through the force transmission component 6.

[0116] The energy harvester 5 can be the bottom structure of the kinetic energy harvesting device. The energy harvester 5 can be directly supported on the vibration source. When the vibration source vibrates, it can transmit the vibration to the energy harvester 5. The energy harvester 5 can convert a part of the mechanical energy into electric energy and further transmit the vibration to the middle seat 2 through the force transmission component 6. The middle seat 2 converts part of the mechanical energy into electric energy and further transmits the vibration to the cantilever beam 1. The cantilever beam 1 converts part of the mechanical energy into electric energy. In another possible implementation scheme, the middle seat 2 can also be directly affected by an external vibration source to vibrate. The middle seat 2 transmits the vibration to each cantilever beam 1 and transmits the energy to the energy harvester 5 at the bottom through the force transmission component 6.

[0117] In some possible embodiments, the force transmission component 6 includes a counterweight 61 and side elastic members 62 on both sides. One of the side elastic members 62 is located between the counterweight 61 and the energy harvester 5, and the other side elastic member 62 is located between the counterweight 61 and the middle seat 2 on the main body structure 3.

[0118] The side elastic member 62 can be a spring, such as being made of high-strength alloy steel to ensure durability during long-term use. The counterweight 61 can be fixed to the side elastic member by threaded connection. The combined design of the side elastic member 62 and the counterweight 61 enables the system to have the best energy harvesting efficiency within the low-frequency vibration range of 20 - 40 Hz, which matches the typical vibration frequency range during the driving of a bus, for example, a common vibration source. The counterweight 61 can be made of tungsten metal, which has a high density and a large weight. The design of the counterweight 61 is beneficial for extending the vibration time and improving the efficiency of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0119] The energy harvester 5 can include a support plate 51 and an energy absorption structure. The energy absorption structure includes multiple layers of plate bodies 52, and fourth piezoelectric sheets 53 are arranged between the respective plate bodies 52. The support plate 51 covers the topmost plate body 52, and the lower edge of the side elastic member 62 abuts against the support plate 51. The lowermost plate body 52 is supported on a vibration source, such as the floor of a vehicle compartment. When the vibration source vibrates, the energy harvester 5 will first convert part of the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0120] Each plate body 52 of the energy harvester 5 can be a circular ring plate, and the circular ring plates are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. In the direction from near the middle seat 2 to far from the middle seat 2, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each circular ring plate gradually increase step by step. The fourth piezoelectric sheet 53 between the upper and lower adjacent circular ring plates partially protrudes from the upper circular ring plate or the lower circular ring plate. That is, part of the structure of each fourth piezoelectric sheet 53 is located between the upper and lower layers of circular ring plates, and part of it protrudes from one of the circular ring plates. This structural design enables the fourth piezoelectric sheet 53 to be subjected to a squeezing force and is prone to generate a large deformation at the part where it protrudes from the circular ring plate, which is beneficial for increasing the power generation.

[0121] As Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 15 shown, the embodiment of the present specification also provides an application device, including the above-mentioned vibration energy harvesting device. Among them, the application device can be any structure that can vibrate autonomously. For example, the application device can be any one of a seat, a vehicle, and a mechanical device.

[0122] Taking the application device as a seat as an example. The middle seat 2 of the vibration energy harvesting device can be in transmission cooperation with the seat cushion 8 of the seat. When someone sits on the seat, the seat cushion 8 is pressed down by the force, and the middle seat 2 directly drives the vibration and deformation of each cantilever beam 1 on the periphery. The middle seat 2 transmits the force to the energy harvester 5 through the force transmission component 6. During this process, electric energy is generated on the first piezoelectric sheet 14, the second piezoelectric sheet 221, the third piezoelectric sheet 4, and the fourth piezoelectric sheet 53. These electric energies can be collected and rationally utilized.

[0123] When the application device is a vehicle, the energy harvester 5 can be directly supported on the vehicle floor of the vehicle. The vibration energy harvesting device is integrated on the vehicle seat. The middle seat 2 of the vibration energy harvesting device can be in transmission connection with the seat cushion 8 of the seat. The middle seat 2 is supported by a large number of cantilever beams 1 on the periphery, which is sufficient to effectively support the seat cushion 8, making the seat cushion 8 have good elasticity and capable of providing a comfortable elastic sitting feeling for passengers.

[0124] The main structure 3 of the vibration energy harvesting device can be a part of the structure of the seat. The vibration energy harvesting device further includes a support cylinder column 7. The top of the support cylinder column 7 is fixedly connected to the main structure 3. The middle seat 2 part at the lowest edge can be located inside the support cylinder column 7. A conical shell 71 can be provided at the lower edge of the support cylinder column 7 for mounting on the vehicle floor of the vehicle. The energy harvester 5 can be located inside the conical shell 71, while the counterweight 61 and the two side elastic members 62 of the force transmission component 6 can be located inside the support cylinder column 7. The support cylinder column 7 plays a role in limiting and guiding the force transmission component 6.

[0125] The application device can further include: a first storage battery and an electrical interface. The first storage battery is electrically connected to the vibration energy harvesting device, and the electrical interface is electrically connected to the first storage battery. The electric energy generated by the vibration energy harvesting device can be stored in the first storage battery. The electrical interface can be a USB interface, which is convenient for charging the electronic products of passengers.

[0126] The application device can further include: a second storage battery, an electrical device, a discharge circuit, and a power supply circuit. The electrical device is electrically connected to the second storage battery. The second storage battery is electrically connected to the first storage battery through the discharge circuit, and the second storage battery is electrically connected to the first storage battery through the power supply circuit. The controller is respectively connected to the discharge circuit and the power supply circuit, and the controller can respectively control the on / off of the power supply circuit and the discharge circuit. The second storage battery can be a vehicle-mounted storage battery, and the electrical device can be devices such as an electric mechanism, a lighting lamp, and an air conditioner on the vehicle. The vehicle-mounted storage battery is used to supply power to the electrical device.

[0127] Corresponding to the above method embodiment, this specification also provides an embodiment of an energy management device. Figure 16 The structure diagram of an energy management device provided by an embodiment of this specification is shown. As Figure 16As shown, the device includes: A collection module 1602, configured to collect vibration energy through a vibration energy harvester and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester; A storage module 1604, configured to perform current-voltage conversion on the electrical energy according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, and transmit the converted electrical energy to the first storage battery for storage through a rectification device; A power supply module 1606, configured to determine a target power supply battery from the first storage battery and the second storage battery according to the remaining power of the first storage battery when it is detected that a charging port is connected to a load device, and supply power to the load device through the target power supply battery; Wherein, the charging port is connected to the first storage battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first storage battery through the rectification device.

[0128] In an alternative embodiment, the piezoelectric energy harvester is disposed on the body of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam, and is configured to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and convert it into electrical energy.

[0129] In an alternative embodiment, the energy management device further includes a processing module, configured to: Simulate and generate initial cantilever beam models of multiple different shapes, wherein the surface areas of the initial cantilever beam models of the multiple different shapes are the same; Perform static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever beam model, and determine an intermediate cantilever beam model from the initial cantilever beam models of the multiple different shapes according to the analysis results; Adjust the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, wherein the surface areas of the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened are the same; Perform strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each cantilever beam model to be screened through a finite element analysis algorithm, and determine a target cantilever beam model from the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened according to the analysis results, wherein the shape of the target cantilever beam model is double-sided piezoelectric streamlined.

[0130] In an alternative embodiment, the rectification device includes a bridge rectifier, an under-voltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence. The piezoelectric energy converts vibration energy into electrical energy, and performs voltage and current conversion on the electrical energy through the bridge rectifier and the buck converter; The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery. The first storage battery is connected to the buck converter, and the first storage battery stores the electric energy output by the buck converter.

[0131] In an alternative embodiment, the power supply module 1606 is further configured to: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first storage battery is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, the first storage battery and the second storage battery are determined as target power supply batteries, the first connection switch between the first storage battery and the second storage battery is closed, and the load device is powered by the first storage battery and the second storage battery; When it is determined that the remaining power of the first storage battery is greater than the first preset power threshold and less than a second preset power threshold, the first storage battery is determined as the target power supply battery, and the load device is powered by the first storage battery.

[0132] In an alternative embodiment, the power supply module 1606 is further configured to: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first storage battery is greater than or equal to the second preset power threshold, the first storage battery is determined as the target power supply battery, the second connection switch between the first storage battery and the second storage battery is closed, and the load device and the second storage battery are powered by the first storage battery.

[0133] In an alternative embodiment, the processing module is further configured to: Obtain the historical power generation data of the vibration energy harvester in a historical period through monitoring; Determine the current position information of the vibration energy harvester, and predict the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy harvester in a target time interval according to the historical power generation data and the current position information; Combined with the current remaining power, current discharge information of the first storage battery and the power generation data, dynamically adjust the power distribution strategy of the first storage battery and the second storage battery.

[0134] The above is a schematic solution of an energy management device in this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this energy management device and the technical solution of the above energy management method belong to the same concept. For the details not described in the technical solution of the energy management device, reference can be made to the description of the technical solution of the above energy management method.

[0135] Figure 17FIG. 0 shows a structural block diagram of a computing device 1700 provided according to an embodiment of the present specification. The components of the computing device 1700 include, but are not limited to, a memory 1710 and a processor 1720. The processor 1720 is connected to the memory 1710 via a bus 1730, and a database 1750 is used to store data.

[0136] The computing device 1700 further includes an access device 1740, which enables the computing device 1700 to communicate via one or more networks 1760. Examples of such networks include the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), or a combination of communication networks such as the Internet. The access device 1740 may include one or more of any type of wired or wireless network interfaces (e.g., Network Interface Card (NIC)), such as IEEE802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) wireless interface, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX) interface, Ethernet interface, Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, cellular network interface, Bluetooth interface, Near Field Communication (NFC) interface, and so on.

[0137] In an embodiment of the present specification, the above components of the computing device 1700 and Figure 17 other components not shown in FIG. may also be connected to each other, e.g., via a bus. It should be understood that Figure 17 the shown structural block diagram of the computing device is for illustrative purposes only and is not a limitation on the scope of the present specification. Those skilled in the art can add or replace other components as needed.

[0138] The computing device 1700 can be any type of stationary or mobile computing device, including mobile computers or mobile computing devices (e.g., tablet computers, personal digital assistants, laptop computers, notebook computers, netbooks, etc.), mobile phones (e.g., smartphones), wearable computing devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses, etc.) or other types of mobile devices, or stationary computing devices such as desktop computers or PCs. The computing device 1700 can also be a mobile or stationary server.

[0139] Wherein, the processor 1720 is configured to execute the following computer-executable instructions, which when executed by the processor implement the steps of the above energy management method.

[0140] The above is a schematic solution of a computing device in this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this computing device and the technical solution of the above energy management method belong to the same concept. For the details not described in the technical solution of the computing device, reference can be made to the description of the technical solution of the above energy management method.

[0141] One embodiment of this specification further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above energy management method.

[0142] The above is a schematic solution of a computer-readable storage medium according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this storage medium and the technical solution of the above energy management method belong to the same concept. For the details not described in the technical solution of the storage medium, reference can be made to the description of the technical solution of the above energy management method.

[0143] One embodiment of this specification further provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the steps of the above energy management method.

[0144] The above is a schematic solution of a computer program according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this computer program and the technical solution of the above energy management method belong to the same concept. For the details not described in the technical solution of the computer program, reference can be made to the description of the technical solution of the above energy management method.

[0145] The above describes specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the acts or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Additionally, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0146] The computer instructions include computer program code, which may be in source code form, object code form, executable file, or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium may be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer-readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0147] It should be noted that, for the foregoing method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity of description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments of this specification are not limited by the described action sequence, because according to the embodiments of this specification, certain steps can be performed in other sequences or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of this specification.

[0148] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0149] The preferred embodiments of this specification disclosed above are only used to help explain this specification. The alternative embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of the embodiments of this specification. The embodiments selected and specifically described in this specification are to better explain the principles and practical applications of the embodiments of this specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and utilize this specification well. This specification is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy management method is applied to an energy management system. The energy management system includes a vibration energy collector, a rectifying device, a first storage battery, a second storage battery, and a charging port. The charging port is connected to the first storage battery, and the vibration energy collector is connected to the first storage battery through the rectifying device. The method includes: Collecting vibration energy through the vibration energy collector and converting the vibration energy into electric energy. The vibration energy collector includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester. According to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, and through the rectifying device, performing current-voltage conversion on the electric energy, and transmitting the converted electric energy to the first storage battery for storage. When it is detected that a load device is connected to the charging port, according to the remaining power of the first storage battery, determining a target power supply battery from the first storage battery and the second storage battery, and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery.

2. According to the energy management method described in claim 1, the piezoelectric energy harvester is arranged on the body of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam, and is used to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and convert it into electric energy.

3. According to the energy management method described in claim 1 or 2, it further includes: Simulating and generating a plurality of initial cantilever beam models with different shapes, wherein the surface areas of the plurality of initial cantilever beam models with different shapes are the same. Performing static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever beam model, and determining an intermediate cantilever beam model from the plurality of initial cantilever beam models with different shapes according to the analysis results. Adjusting the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, wherein the surface areas of the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened are the same. Performing strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each cantilever beam model to be screened through a finite element analysis algorithm, and determining a target cantilever beam model from the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened according to the analysis results. The shape of the target cantilever beam model is double-sided piezoelectric streamlined.

4. According to the energy management method described in claim 1, the rectifying device includes a bridge rectifier, an under-voltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence. The piezoelectric energy converts the vibration energy into electric energy, and the bridge rectifier and the buck converter perform voltage and current conversion on the electric energy. The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery, and the first storage battery is connected to the buck converter, and the first storage battery stores the electric energy output by the buck converter.

5. According to the energy management method described in claim 1, the step of determining a target power supply battery from the first storage battery and the second storage battery according to the remaining power of the first storage battery and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery includes: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first storage battery is less than or equal to the first preset power threshold, the first storage battery and the second storage battery are determined as target power supply batteries, the first connection switch between the first storage battery and the second storage battery is closed, and the load device is powered by the first storage battery and the second storage battery; When it is determined that the remaining power of the first storage battery is greater than the first preset power threshold and less than the second preset power threshold, the first storage battery is determined as the target power supply battery, and the load device is powered by the first storage battery.

6. The energy management method according to claim 5, further comprising: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first storage battery is greater than or equal to the second preset power threshold, the first storage battery is determined as the target power supply battery, the second connection switch between the first storage battery and the second storage battery is closed, and the load device and the second storage battery are powered by the first storage battery.

7. The energy management method according to claim 1, further comprising: Obtaining historical power generation data of the vibration energy collector in a historical period through monitoring; Determining the current position information of the vibration energy collector, and predicting the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy collector in a target time interval according to the historical power generation data and the current position information; Combining the current remaining power, current discharge information of the first storage battery and the power generation data, and dynamically adjusting the power distribution strategy of the first storage battery and the second storage battery.

8. An energy management device, comprising: A collection module, configured to collect vibration energy through a vibration energy collector and convert the vibration energy into electric energy, wherein the vibration energy collector includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamline cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector; A storage module, configured to convert the current and voltage of the electric energy according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery through a rectifying device, and transmit the converted electric energy to the first storage battery for storage; A power supply module, configured to determine a target power supply battery from the first storage battery and the second storage battery according to the remaining power of the first storage battery when it is detected that a charging port is connected to a load device, and power the load device through the target power supply battery; Wherein, the charging port is connected to the first storage battery, and the vibration energy collector is connected to the first storage battery through the rectifying device.

9. A computing device, comprising: A memory and a processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the energy management method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the energy management method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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