Light rare earth tobacco leaf ecological microelement fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a light rare earth tobacco leaf ecological microelement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of foliar fertilizers. The problem of how to further improve the use effect of the foliar fertilizer is solved. The invention provides a light rare earth tobacco leaf ecological microelement fertilizer which comprises a leaf fertilizer synergist, the effective component of the leaf fertilizer synergist comprises a rare earth amino acid complex, amino acid in the rare earth amino acid complex comes from a fermentation product of tobacco waste, and the invention further provides a leaf fertilizer containing the leaf fertilizer synergist. According to the method, the tobacco waste is recycled, vegetable protein in the tobacco waste is converted into free amino acid through fermentation, and the amino acid is generated in the fermentation process of the tobacco waste and forms an amino acid-rare earth complex through chelation reaction with rare earth; the stability of rare earth elements and the plant absorption efficiency are effectively improved, and the use effect of the rare earth leaf fertilizer is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of foliar fertilizers, and particularly relates to a light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rare earth elements (REEs) refer to the 14 elements of the lanthanide series in the periodic table, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium. Agriculturally used REEs typically refer to the light rare earth elements (LREs), such as lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and praseodymium, which are radioactive but weak, minimizing the risk of contamination. Applying REEs to certain crops or fruit trees can increase leaf area, dry matter, chlorophyll content, sugar content, and acidity.

[0003] Foliar fertilization has been rapidly promoted and applied in agriculture due to its advantages of rapid nutrient absorption, strong effects, and good fertilizer efficiency. After foliar fertilizer is sprayed on leaves, the nutrients in it enter the leaves primarily through three pathways. One pathway is through the cuticle outside the epidermal cells of plant leaves. The cuticle is composed of a polymer of long-chain fatty acids with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The molecular spaces and hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on these polymers allow aqueous solutions to penetrate the leaves, allowing ions and small molecules of active substances to freely penetrate through the hydrophilic pores and enter the leaf interior. Another pathway is through the stomata on the leaf surface. Furthermore, the apoplasts of leaf cells can transport nutrients into the leaf interior through active absorption, similar to the roots.

[0004] In the prior art, patent number CN 117720373A discloses a light rare earth foliar fertilizer, a preparation method, and a fertilization method. The patent can increase the direct adhesion between the foliar fertilizer and the leaf surface, prevent the foliar fertilizer from sliding off the leaf surface, and at the same time ensure that the active ingredients in the foliar fertilizer have sufficient time to enter the leaves. However, the fertility of the foliar fertilizer in this technology is limited. On this basis, how to further improve the use effect of the foliar fertilizer is a problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of how to further improve the use effect of foliar fertilizer in the prior art, the present invention provides a light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer comprises a foliar fertilizer synergist. The effective component of the foliar fertilizer synergist comprises a rare earth amino acid complex. The amino acids in the rare earth amino acid complex are derived from fermentation products of tobacco waste.

[0008] After adopting this technical solution, the present invention recycles tobacco waste and converts the plant protein in the tobacco waste into free amino acids through fermentation. The amino acids contained in the tobacco waste fermentation products that can react and complex with rare earth elements mainly include proline, glycine, phenylalanine, cysteine and short peptides. These amino acids are generated during the fermentation process of tobacco waste and form amino acid-rare earth complexes through chelation reaction with rare earth elements, effectively improving the stability of rare earth elements and plant absorption efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the tobacco waste includes fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste, and the fresh tobacco waste includes defective tobacco leaves, scraps, and tobacco leaves and stems remaining during the processing process, and the flue-cured tobacco waste includes tobacco rods, stems and tobacco debris generated during the flue-cured tobacco production process.

[0010] After adopting this technical solution, fresh tobacco does not undergo high-temperature processing, and its native protein is not hydrolyzed into free amino acids in large quantities. At the same time, the consumption of amino acids by high-temperature decomposition such as the Maillard reaction is avoided. During the drying process of flue-cured tobacco, amino acids will undergo the Maillard reaction with reducing sugars to produce aroma components (such as pyrazines and aldehydes), resulting in the consumption of some free amino acids. However, some sugars in the flue-cured tobacco waste have been converted and are more easily utilized by microorganisms. Therefore, the present invention uses fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste together. In the early stage of fermentation, the flue-cured tobacco waste can provide sufficient nutrients for microorganisms, allowing them to decompose the protein in the fresh tobacco during the subsequent fermentation process, thereby forming amino acids, which can effectively increase the amino acid content in the tobacco waste fermentation products.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of fresh tobacco waste to flue-cured tobacco waste is 6-7:3-4.

[0012] After adopting this technical solution, the amino acid content in the fermentation product can be further increased by reasonably controlling the ratio of fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste.

[0013] Preferably, the source of rare earth is cerium nitrate.

[0014] Preferably, the bacterial species for preparing the fermentation product includes Bacillus subtilis.

[0015] After adopting this technical solution, proteins and other substances in tobacco waste can be decomposed into free amino acids through microbial metabolism.

[0016] A method for preparing a light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer includes preparing a foliar fertilizer synergist. The preparation of the foliar fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: collecting tobacco waste, fermenting the collected tobacco waste to obtain a fermentation product containing amino acids, and preparing the fermentation product into a fermentation product solution;

[0018] S2: adding the rare earth solution to the fermentation product solution containing amino acids according to the ratio and stirring evenly;

[0019] S3: Control the temperature to 40-50°C and react for 2-4 hours to obtain a foliar fertilizer synergist.

[0020] After adopting this technical solution, the amino group (-NH2) and carboxyl group (-COOH) in the amino acid molecule can form a stable multi-ring complex with rare earth elements; for example, the carboxylate of glutamic acid or glycine coordinates with trivalent cerium to form a water-soluble complex. The complexed cerium is more easily absorbed by plant roots or leaves, and the amino acid can provide the plant with an organic ammonia source, promote plant metabolism and stress resistance, and is beneficial to plant growth.

[0021] Preferably, the specific steps of S1 include:

[0022] S101: crushing fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste into set sizes respectively;

[0023] S102: mixing fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste according to a ratio to obtain a mixture;

[0024] S103: uniformly mixing the bacterial strain and the enzyme preparation with the mixture;

[0025] S104: spraying a nutrient solution on the mixture and then fermenting;

[0026] S105: After the fermentation is completed, an inactivation treatment is performed to terminate the fermentation, and the fermentation product is then aired in a cool and ventilated place to a set moisture content and then sealed and stored away from light;

[0027] S106: Mixing the fermentation product with water according to a ratio to obtain a fermentation product solution.

[0028] Preferably, the fermentation stage includes a main fermentation stage and a post-ripening stage, which are specifically as follows:

[0029] Main fermentation stage:

[0030] Temperature: 45-50℃;

[0031] Humidity: 65%-70%;

[0032] Time: 4-6 days

[0033] Operation: Turn the pile every 12 hours to maintain uniform ventilation;

[0034] After-ripening stage:

[0035] Temperature: 35-40℃

[0036] Humidity: 60%-65%

[0037] Time: 3-5 days.

[0038] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer synergist is added to the foliar fertilizer for use. The foliar fertilizer includes powdered foliar fertilizer and liquid fertilizer used in combination with the powdered foliar fertilizer. The raw materials for preparing the powdered foliar fertilizer include, by weight: 50-70 parts of starch, 5-20 parts of brown sugar powder, 10-20 parts of urea, 5-20 parts of potassium citrate, 1-2 parts of activator, and 0.5-1.5 parts of extender; the raw materials for the liquid fertilizer include, by weight: 3-8 parts of foliar fertilizer synergist, 1-5 parts of foaming agent, 1-2 parts of surfactant, 0.5-1 part of stabilizer, and the balance is water.

[0039] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1. The present invention recycles tobacco waste and converts plant proteins in the tobacco waste into free amino acids through fermentation. The amino acids contained in the tobacco waste fermentation products that can react and complex with rare earth elements mainly include proline, glycine, phenylalanine, cysteine and short peptides. These amino acids are generated during the fermentation process of tobacco waste and react with rare earth elements through chelation reactions to form amino acid-rare earth complexes, effectively improving the stability of rare earth elements and the efficiency of plant absorption.

[0041] 2. The amino acids in the present invention are derived from tobacco waste and are plant amino acids. The plant-derived amino acids have a similar amino acid composition to the plants themselves, so they are more easily absorbed and utilized by plants than animal amino acids, directly providing the plants with the required amino acids.

[0042] 3. The foliar fertilizer synergist provided by the present invention can be directly diluted and sprayed on the leaves or roots of plants for use, or it can be used in combination with existing fertilizers, for example, by adding it to foliar fertilizers to obtain rare earth foliar fertilizers, so as to achieve the effect of enhancing the synergy of existing fertilizers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer, in this embodiment, uses a foliar fertilizer synergist as the main raw material, which is diluted and directly applied to tobacco leaves as a micro-fertilizer, wherein the active ingredient of the foliar fertilizer synergist includes a rare earth amino acid complex, wherein the amino acids in the rare earth amino acid complex are derived from fermentation products of tobacco waste, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1: Collecting tobacco waste, wherein the tobacco waste includes fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste. In this embodiment, the mass ratio of fresh tobacco waste to flue-cured tobacco waste is 7:3, and the fresh tobacco waste includes defective tobacco leaves, scraps, and tobacco leaves and stems remaining during the processing. The flue-cured tobacco waste includes tobacco rods, tobacco stems, and tobacco debris generated during the flue-cured tobacco production process, and fermenting the collected tobacco waste to obtain a fermentation product containing amino acids. The fermentation product is prepared into a fermentation product solution. The specific steps of the fermentation include:

[0047] S101: crushing fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste into a size of 0.5-1 mm respectively;

[0048] S102: mixing fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste in a ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixture;

[0049] S103: Bacillus subtilis (Jibin Chemical, model 68038-70-0), lactic acid bacteria (Ruida Yuyou, model 89454-56), acidic protease (Guangzhou Huayu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), cellulase (Shandong Nuojie Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model 9012-54-8) and xylanase (Hebei Hongtao Bioengineering Co., Ltd., model 232-800-2) are evenly mixed with the mixture, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 3 g of bacterial powder / 100 g of tobacco waste, the inoculation amount of lactic acid bacteria is 1 g of bacterial powder / 100 g of tobacco waste, the amount of acidic protease, cellulase and xylanase, and the amount of acidic protease is 0.2-0.3 U / g tobacco waste, 0.2 U / g tobacco waste in this embodiment; the amount of cellulase is 0.15-0.2 U / g tobacco waste; the amount of xylanase is 0.1-0.15 U / g tobacco waste.

[0050] S104: spraying a nutrient solution on the mixture and then fermenting the mixture, wherein the nutrient solution comprises brown sugar water in an amount such that the tobacco waste is just moistened but no liquid seeps out;

[0051] Then the pile fermentation is carried out. The fermentation stage includes the main fermentation stage and the post-ripening stage, as follows:

[0052] Main fermentation stage:

[0053] Temperature: 45°C;

[0054] Humidity: 65%;

[0055] Duration: 5 days

[0056] Operation: Turn the pile every 12 hours to maintain uniform ventilation;

[0057] After-ripening stage:

[0058] Temperature: 35℃

[0059] Humidity: 60%

[0060] Duration: 5 days;

[0061] S105: After the fermentation is completed, spray 30% low-alcohol liquor to inactivate the fermentation to terminate the fermentation. Then, the fermentation product is dried in a cool and ventilated place until the moisture content reaches 12-14%, and then sealed and stored away from light.

[0062] S106: mixing the fermentation product with water in a ratio (adding 1 L of water for every 100 g of fermentation product), stirring uniformly, and then soaking for 30-60 minutes. After filtering to remove solid matter, a fermentation product solution is obtained. Approximately 4.2 g of amino acids are produced after fermentation of every 100 g of tobacco waste. Therefore, the amino acid concentration in the obtained fermentation product solution is approximately 4.2 g / L.

[0063] S2: Add cerium nitrate to the fermentation product solution at a mass ratio of 1 g of amino acid to 2 g of cerium nitrate. For example, in this embodiment, the mass of amino acid is 4.2 g, so 8.4 g of cerium nitrate is added to the fermentation product solution.

[0064] S3: Control the temperature to 50°C and react for 4 hours to obtain a foliar fertilizer synergist.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer. In this embodiment, the foliar fertilizer synergist of Example 1 is used in combination with other fertilizers. The other fertilizers are specifically foliar fertilizers. Specifically, the foliar fertilizers include powdered foliar fertilizers and liquid fertilizers used in combination with the powdered foliar fertilizers. The raw materials for preparing the powdered foliar fertilizers include, by weight, 58 parts of starch, 15 parts of brown sugar powder, 10 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium citrate, 1 part of an activator, and 1 part of an extender. The raw materials for the liquid fertilizer include, by weight, 10 parts of the foliar fertilizer synergist of Example 1, 5 parts of a foaming agent, 1 part of a surfactant, and 1 part of a foam stabilizer, with the remainder being water.

[0067] In this embodiment, the surfactant is Tween.

[0068] In this embodiment, the light rare earth is derived from cerium nitrate.

[0069] In this embodiment, the foaming agent is alkyl glycoside.

[0070] In this embodiment, the stabilizer is xanthan gum, the extender is sodium lauryl sulfate, and the activator is tartaric acid.

[0071] In this embodiment, the mesh size of the powder is 100 mesh.

[0072] The light rare earth foliage fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Add 58 parts of starch and 15 parts of brown sugar powder into a mixer according to the proportion, stir for 30 minutes to mix evenly, and obtain a mixture; add 10 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium citrate, 1 part of activator and 1 part of extender to the obtained mixture according to the proportion, and stir again for 1 hour to obtain a powdered foliar fertilizer;

[0074] Step 2: Add 10 parts of light rare earth, 5 parts of foaming agent, 1 part of surfactant, and 1 part of stabilizer to 83 parts of water according to the proportion, and stir for 30 minutes to obtain the liquid fertilizer.

[0075] When in use, the prepared liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the upper, middle and lower leaves and stem surfaces of the tobacco leaves, and the liquid fertilizer is spread to the leaf surface in the form of foam through a foam nozzle; 30 seconds after the liquid fertilizer spraying is completed, the prepared powder foliar fertilizer is continued to be sprinkled on the leaf surface, and the powder is evenly spread on the foam during spreading.

[0076] In order to verify the effect of this technical solution, a field experiment was carried out. The test site is located in the northeast of the Hengduan Mountains in the southwest. It has a mild climate and rich light and heat resources. It is one of the most widely grown areas for tobacco cultivation in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The experimental varieties selected are tobacco leaves commonly planted locally. During the whole process, foliar fertilizer was applied a total of 5 times. The spraying time was 40 days after the tobacco leaves were transplanted (that is, when the tobacco leaves were in their prime). The interval between the first spraying and the second spraying was 15 days. The interval between the second spraying and the third spraying was 7 days, and the interval between the three subsequent sprayings was 7 days. There were two experimental groups in total. Experimental group 1 directly used the foliar fertilizer synergist of Example 1, and experimental group 2 used the foliar fertilizer of Example 2. At the same time, the corresponding control group was selected. The control group did not spray foliar fertilizer, but only applied conventional fertilizers (containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). The treated tobacco samples were sent to the Sichuan China Tobacco Xichang Cigarette Factory and measured by the Cigarette Evaluation Center. The combustibility of tobacco leaves refers to the performance of free and flameless combustion after the tobacco leaves or cigarettes are ignited. The combustion properties of tobacco include smoldering properties, free burning rate, burning uniformity, and complete combustion. The burning properties of tobacco are usually described by the duration of burning (tobacco leaves) or the free burning rate (cigarette sticks). This test uses the duration of tobacco leaf burning as an indicator of its burning properties. The test is performed using an instrument that measures the duration of tobacco leaf burning. Finally, the arithmetic mean of the duration of each group of tobacco leaves is calculated as the combustion performance value of the group of tobacco leaves. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Yield (kg / mu) Tobacco burning time (s) Experimental Group 1 143.9 28.5 Experimental Group 2 168.5 30.3 control group 101.3 20.1

[0079] As can be seen from Table 1, the yield and burning time of tobacco leaves in experimental group 1 using the foliar fertilizer synergist provided by the present invention and experimental group 2 using the rare earth foliar fertilizer were improved compared with the control group, which proves that the tobacco yield and the quality of the obtained tobacco are improved after using the foliar fertilizer synergist and rare earth foliar fertilizer of the present invention. Moreover, since amino acids are derived from waste in the tobacco production process, there is no excessive increase in cost, and the tobacco has good application prospects.

[0080] In order to reflect the interaction between fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste in the process of preparing the foliar fertilizer synergist in the present invention, the present invention also conducted a control experiment, as shown in Table 2:

[0081] Table 2

[0082]

[0083] As can be seen from Table 2, by using fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste in a set ratio, the decomposition effect of protein in tobacco waste can be effectively improved, the amino acid content can be effectively increased, and the protein in tobacco waste can be efficiently utilized.

[0084] The above-described embodiments merely represent specific implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the technical concept of the present application, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer, characterized by: The invention comprises a foliar fertilizer synergist, wherein the effective component of the foliar fertilizer synergist comprises a rare earth amino acid complex, and the amino acids in the rare earth amino acid complex are derived from fermentation products of tobacco waste.

2. A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tobacco waste includes fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste, and the fresh tobacco waste includes defective tobacco leaves, scraps, and tobacco leaves and stems remaining during the processing process. The flue-cured tobacco waste includes tobacco rods, tobacco stems and tobacco debris generated during the flue-cured tobacco production process.

3. A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of fresh tobacco waste to flue-cured tobacco waste is 6-7:3-4.

4. A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The source of rare earth is cerium nitrate.

5. A light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The bacterial species used to prepare the fermentation products include Bacillus subtilis.

6. A method for preparing a light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer, characterized by: The invention relates to the preparation of a foliar fertilizer synergist, wherein the preparation of the foliar fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps: S1: collecting tobacco waste, fermenting the collected tobacco waste to obtain a fermentation product containing amino acids, and preparing the fermentation product into a fermentation product solution; S2: adding the rare earth solution to the fermentation product solution containing amino acids according to the ratio and stirring evenly; S3: controlling the temperature to 40-50° C. for reaction for 2-4 hours to obtain the foliar fertilizer synergist according to any one of claims 1-5; S4: Dilute the foliar fertilizer synergist and apply it directly to tobacco leaves or mix it with other foliar fertilizers and then apply it to tobacco leaves.

7. The method for preparing a light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of S1 include: S101: crushing fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste into set sizes respectively; S102: mixing fresh tobacco waste and flue-cured tobacco waste according to a ratio to obtain a mixture; S103: uniformly mixing the bacterial strain and the enzyme preparation with the mixture; S104: spraying a nutrient solution on the mixture and then fermenting; S105: After the fermentation is completed, an inactivation treatment is performed to terminate the fermentation, and the fermentation product is then aired in a cool and ventilated place to a set moisture content and then sealed and stored away from light; S106: Mixing the fermentation product with water according to a ratio to obtain the fermentation product solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. The method for preparing a light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fermentation stage includes the main fermentation stage and the post-ripening stage, as follows: Main fermentation stage: Temperature: 45-50℃; Humidity: 65%-70%; Time: 4-6 days Operation: Turn the pile every 12 hours to maintain uniform ventilation; After-ripening stage: Temperature: 35-40℃ Humidity: 60%-65% Time: 3-5 days.

9. The method for preparing a light rare earth tobacco ecological micro-fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer synergist is added to the foliar fertilizer for use. The foliar fertilizer includes powdered foliar fertilizer and liquid fertilizer used in combination with the powdered foliar fertilizer. The raw materials for preparing the powdered foliar fertilizer include, by weight, 50-70 parts of starch, 5-20 parts of brown sugar powder, 10-20 parts of urea, 5-20 parts of potassium citrate, 1-2 parts of an activator, and 0.5-1.5 parts of an extender. The raw materials for the liquid fertilizer include, by weight, 3-8 parts of the foliar fertilizer synergist according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 1-5 parts of a foaming agent, 1-2 parts of a surfactant, 0.5-1 part of a stabilizer, and the remainder is water.

Images