Double-sided perovskite four-terminal laminated solar cell, preparation method and packaging equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-sided perovskite four-terminal laminated solar cell, a preparation method and packaging equipment, and relates to the field of photovoltaic cells, the double-sided perovskite four-terminal laminated solar cell comprises a substrate which is thin glass; tCO layers are arranged on two sides of the substrate, first charge transport layers are arranged on the outer sides of the TCO layers, perovskite layers are arranged on the outer sides of the first charge transport layers, band gaps of the perovskite layers on two sides of the substrate are different, one side is a wide band gap, the other side is a narrow band gap, and second charge transport layers are arranged on the outer sides of the perovskite layers. The second charge transfer layer is provided with a metal back electrode; according to the invention, firstly, the thinner glass can bring higher light transmission, the light absorption efficiency is obviously improved, and meanwhile, the cost of the whole production process is further reduced by taking one piece of thin glass as the substrate; and the current and voltage matching problem of the top cell and the bottom cell does not need to be considered, so that the service life of the whole perovskite is greatly prolonged, and the perovskite laminated cell with high light utilization rate is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic cells, in particular to a double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cell, a preparation method and packaging equipment. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic cells use sunlight to convert it into electricity. Crystalline silicon cells currently hold the largest market share among photovoltaic cells, but unstable supply and demand, as well as low SQ limits, have limited their further development. Therefore, reducing costs and increasing the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells will be a top priority for their commercialization. Perovskite cells, with their superior photoelectric conversion efficiency, low production costs, excellent low-light response, and adjustable bandgap, have attracted widespread attention.

[0003] To further broaden the absorption spectrum and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency, tandem cells have emerged. Using a wide-bandgap perovskite cell as the top light detector (typically with a bandgap of 1.68 eV), it primarily absorbs short-wavelength sunlight. Longer-wavelength, lower-energy light in the visible-to-near-infrared region leaks through and is absorbed by the crystalline silicon cell (typically with a bandgap of 1.1 eV). This configuration maximizes absorption of sunlight across different wavelengths, achieving higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0004] The currently disclosed or reported laminated battery structures and related issues are summarized as follows: 1. Existing Problems of Crystalline Silicon / Perovskite Two-Terminal (2T') Stacks 1. Current matching: In a two-terminal tandem solar cell, the subcells are electrically connected and must be current-matched to avoid recombination losses. Note that crystalline silicon cells generally have a lower voltage and higher current, while perovskite cells typically have a higher voltage. Therefore, current-voltage matching in two-terminal tandem cells is crucial. With the diurnal and seasonal variations in the solar spectrum, current matching requirements are not always met.

[0005] 2. Manufacturing Challenges: The manufacturing process of double-terminal stacked cells is challenging because the top cell must be deposited without damaging the bottom cell. Furthermore, spin coating perovskite onto the suede surface of HJT cells can lead to uneven deposition and the formation of holes. In current mainstream TOPCON cells, solution wrap-around plating also occurs in the perovskite and charge transport layers.

[0006] 3. Optical loss: The optical loss in the stacked cell mainly comes from reflection and parasitic absorption loss, which will reduce the energy conversion efficiency of the cell. 2. Existing Problems of Crystalline Silicon / Perovskite Four-Terminal (4T') Stacking 1. Large-scale perovskite production: In the current mainstream four-terminal stacking process, the perovskite cell area is usually the size of the packaged crystalline silicon cell. This poses great difficulties in large-scale perovskite cell production. The crystallization quality of the perovskite film is difficult to ensure, especially during the process of evaporation of the solution layer to form a uniform crystalline layer, which makes the crystallization nucleation process uncontrollable. At the same time, the uniformity and stability of the perovskite cell will be significantly reduced in large-scale applications.

[0007] 2. Production cost: The production of 4T' perovskite and crystalline silicon tandem cells requires additional transparent electrodes and glass layers, which consumes more in terms of packaging and manufacturing costs.

[0008] 3. Light transmittance: Due to the effect of the four terminals in the production process, the additional transparent electrodes and glass layers will reduce the light transmittance of the entire battery device, thereby reducing the overall theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary for us to improve the existing technology to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cell, a preparation method and a packaging device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cell comprises a substrate, wherein the substrate is a thin glass; A TCO layer is provided on both sides of the substrate, wherein a first charge transport layer is provided on the outer side of the TCO layer, a perovskite layer is provided on the outer side of the first charge transport layer, and the band gaps of the perovskite layers on both sides of the substrate are different, one side has a wide band gap and the other side has a narrow band gap, a second charge transport layer is provided on the outer side of the perovskite layer, and the second charge transport layer is provided with a metal back electrode; The thin glass is ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 0.3±0.02mm.

[0012] Preparation method of double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell: Using thin glass as the cell substrate, first prepare one side of the perovskite solar cell. The preparation process is as follows: S1. Glass cleaning: The obtained thin glass is washed with deionized water and ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then plasma cleaning and UV ozone cleaning are used to further remove impurities on the glass surface.

[0013] S2.1. Preparation of top electrode: Use magnetron sputtering or other equipment to deposit a TCO layer, i.e., a transparent conductive layer, on the thin glass.

[0014] S2.2. Laser etching: After the TCO layer is deposited and before the first charge transfer layer is deposited, laser etching is performed using an etching device to form independent strip-shaped conductive electrodes to form different sub-batteries.

[0015] S3. Preparation of the first charge transport layer thin film: This can be carried out using PVD equipment or a coating machine by magnetron sputtering deposition, coating, printing and other methods.

[0016] S4. Preparation of perovskite film: This can be done by coating, printing or deposition using a doctor blade or slit coater.

[0017] S5. Preparation of the second charge transport layer film: This can be carried out using RPD equipment or a coater by deposition, coating, printing and other methods.

[0018] S6. Laser etching: Use an etching device to perform laser etching after the second charge transport layer is deposited and before the metal back electrode is deposited to remove the second charge transport layer / perovskite layer / first charge transport layer, leaving the TCO layer to form a gap.

[0019] S7. Evaporation of metal back electrode: Use PVD equipment or RPD equipment to adopt magnetron sputtering or evaporation deposition methods to prepare the metal back electrode.

[0020] S8, laser etching and edge cleaning: Use etching equipment to remove the metal back electrode layer / second charge transport layer / perovskite layer / first charge transport layer of adjacent cells, leaving the TCO layer, and separate each perovskite cell. Perform laser P4 scribing to remove excess material at the edge of the cell to ensure the neatness and performance of the cell assembly. In particular, using the P4 edge cleaning process, the current at the bottom is collected through the TCO layer. Therefore, during the cell edge cleaning process, one side of the TCO layer is left as one electrode, and the other side is the metal back electrode. The TCO layer and the metal back electrode can form a circuit, which is convenient for subsequent processing.

[0021] S9. Use magnetron sputtering to coat a layer of TCO on the thin glass on the other side of the device prepared in step S8 while keeping it smooth and clean. Then perform laser scribing to cut it into different sub-cells, and then prepare the first charge transfer layer, the perovskite layer and the second charge transfer layer on the surface of the TCO layer in sequence. The preparation process is consistent with the preparation process on the other side in steps S2.1-S5. Then perform a second laser etching, and then evaporate the metal back electrode. After completion, the prepared perovskite cell is subjected to P3 laser scribing and cut into different perovskite cells. Laser P4 scribing is performed to remove excess material at the edge of the cell to ensure the neatness and performance of the cell assembly. In particular, the P4 edge cleaning process is used to collect the current at the bottom through the TCO layer. Therefore, in the cell edge cleaning process, one side of the TCO layer is left as one pole of the electrode, and the other pole is the metal back electrode, forming a loop for convenient subsequent processing.

[0022] S10. The formulas of the above two perovskites may be different, but the preparation process remains basically the same. Perovskite solar cells with different band gaps are prepared on both sides of the thin glass substrate to adapt to the sunlight spectrum, and two sets of current collection devices are respectively installed on both sides of the thin glass to obtain a perovskite module.

[0023] S11. Encapsulation: Apply a layer of butyl adhesive around the top and bottom sides of the perovskite module. Then, cover with POE or EVA film for lamination. The advantage of edge encapsulation is that it reduces the impact on the contact layer and the possibility of side reactions between the encapsulation material and the perovskite. At the same time, a transparent front and back sheet is used to seal the cell assembly to protect it from the external environment.

[0024] The packaging equipment of the double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cell includes a workbench and a battery module conveying device, a film conveying device and a material unloading device installed on the workbench; The battery module conveying device is used to convey the perovskite modules to be packaged; The film conveying device is used to store and convey the POE or EVA film to be used; The unloading device is used to take out the pressed perovskite module and film; The battery module conveying device includes a conveyor belt, a first battery module transfer device, and a second battery module transfer device; wherein the first battery module transfer device is used to transfer the perovskite module conveyed by the conveyor belt to the second battery module transfer device, and the second battery module transfer device is used to transfer the perovskite module to between two films on the film conveying device; The film conveying device includes a top film conveying structure and a bottom film conveying structure; the films delivered by the top and bottom film conveying structures are attached with butyl rubber, and the butyl rubber on the films is generally rectangular and evenly spaced; the butyl rubber on the film delivered by the top film conveying structure is located at the bottom of the film, while the butyl rubber on the film delivered by the bottom film conveying structure is located at the top of the film; the top and bottom film conveying structures each include a film storage device, a film head guide device, a film discharge device, and a film cutting device arranged in sequence; The bottom film conveying structure further includes a linear module for conveying the bottom film, a bottom film conveying cylinder is fixedly mounted on the slider of the linear module for conveying the bottom film, and a bottom film vacuum suction table is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the bottom film conveying cylinder; the bottom film vacuum suction table is used to absorb a section of the film conveyed by the bottom film conveying structure and move it to just below the top film vacuum suction table; The top film conveying structure also includes a top film adsorption bracket, which is fixedly installed on the top of the upper cutter bracket of the top film conveying structure. A top film conveying cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the top film adsorption bracket, and a top film vacuum suction table is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the top film conveying cylinder. The top film vacuum suction table is used to adsorb a piece of film conveyed by the top film conveying structure.

[0025] Furthermore, the first battery module transferring device includes a first battery module transferring bracket, a first battery module horizontal transferring cylinder is horizontally fixedly installed on the top of the first battery module transferring bracket, a first horizontal transferring plate is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first battery module horizontal transferring cylinder, a first battery module vertical transferring cylinder is vertically fixedly installed on the side of the first horizontal transferring plate, a battery module vertical transferring plate is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first battery module vertical transferring cylinder, and a battery module vacuum suction cup is fixedly installed on the battery module vertical transferring plate.

[0026] Furthermore, the second battery module transferring device includes a second battery module transferring bracket, a second battery module horizontal transferring pneumatic slide is horizontally fixedly installed on the top of the second battery module horizontal transferring pneumatic slide, a second horizontal transferring plate is fixedly installed on the slide of the second battery module horizontal transferring pneumatic slide, a pushing groove is provided at the front end of the second horizontal transferring plate, a battery module pushing cylinder is also fixedly installed on the bottom of the second horizontal transferring plate, a battery module pushing plate is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the battery module pushing cylinder, and the battery module pushing plate is located in the pushing groove.

[0027] Furthermore, the film storage device includes a film unwinding disk and a film unwinding bracket. The film unwinding disk is rotatably arranged on the top side of the film unwinding bracket. At the same time, at least two first guide rollers are also arranged on the side of the film unwinding bracket to guide the film unwound by the film unwinding disk.

[0028] Furthermore, the film head guide device includes a film head guide bracket, a film head guide plate is provided on the top of the film head guide bracket, and a film head guide groove is also provided on the top of the film head guide plate for guiding the film to extend; at the same time, a second guide roller is rotatably installed on one side of the front end of the film head guide bracket, and the second guide roller is used to receive the film output by the first guide roller and guide it to the film head guide groove.

[0029] Furthermore, the film unloading device includes a unloading bracket, a unloading guide rail is provided on the top of the unloading bracket, and a unloading movable platform is slidably connected to the unloading guide rail through a slider, a material head clamping cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the unloading movable platform, and a material head clamping claw is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the material head clamping cylinder; at the same time, a unloading movable cylinder is also fixedly installed on one side of the unloading bracket, and the output shaft of the unloading movable cylinder is fixedly installed on the side of the unloading movable platform.

[0030] Furthermore, the film cutting device includes an upper cutter bracket, an upper cutter and a lower cutter; the front end of the upper cutter bracket is fixedly mounted with an upper cutter cylinder, and the upper cutter is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the upper cutter cylinder; the lower cutter is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the lower cutter cylinder, and the lower cutter cylinder is fixedly mounted on the side of the discharge bracket.

[0031] Furthermore, the blanking device includes a linear module for blanking, a first movable table for blanking is fixedly installed on the slide of the linear module for blanking, a cylinder for blanking is fixedly installed on the top of the first movable table for blanking, a second movable table for blanking is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the cylinder for blanking, a clamping cylinder for blanking is fixedly installed on the top of the second movable table for blanking, and a blanking clamping claw is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the clamping cylinder for blanking.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, thinner glass will bring higher light transmittance, significantly improve light absorption efficiency, and greatly reduce reflection and parasitic absorption losses; At the same time, this solution uses perovskite cells with different band gaps on both sides of the thin glass to effectively utilize sunlight within a wider wavelength range, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, using a thin glass substrate further reduces the cost of the entire production process (PS: the production cost of thin glass is relatively low); Compared with traditional stacked cells (the top cell and the bottom cell are connected), the specifications of the top cell and the bottom cell need to be adjusted to match their current and voltage; the cells on both sides of the substrate (top cell and bottom cell) in this solution can be connected separately, and there is no need to consider the current and voltage matching problem of the top cell and the bottom cell. This will also greatly improve the life of the entire perovskite and obtain a perovskite stacked cell with high light utilization.

[0033] The packaging device of the present invention can pre-compact the adhesive films on both sides of the battery module during the preparation of solar cells, thereby facilitating subsequent packaging in a laminator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cell.

[0035] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the packaging equipment for double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0036] Figure 3 Front view of the packaging equipment for double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0037] Figure 4 Side view of the packaging equipment for double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cells.

[0038] Figure 5 A top view of the packaging equipment for double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module conveying device in the packaging equipment of double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second battery module transfer device in the packaging equipment of the double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cell.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a side view of the second battery module transfer device in the packaging equipment of double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0042] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the top film delivery structure in the packaging equipment of double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom film delivery structure in the packaging equipment of double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0044] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the unloading device in the packaging equipment of double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cells.

[0045] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the film.

[0046] Figure: workbench 1; battery module conveying device 2; conveyor belt 210; first battery module transfer device 220; first battery module transfer bracket 221; battery module vacuum suction cup 222; first battery module horizontal transfer cylinder 223; first horizontal transfer plate 224; first battery module vertical transfer cylinder 225; battery module vertical transfer plate 226; second battery module transfer device 230; second battery module transfer bracket 231; second battery module horizontal transfer pneumatic slide 23 2; battery module push plate 233; second horizontal transfer plate 234; push groove 235; battery module push cylinder 236; film conveying device 3; top film conveying structure 310; bottom film conveying structure 320; film storage device 330; film unwinding disk 331; film unwinding bracket 332; first guide roller 333; film head guide device 340; film head guide bracket 341; film head guide plate 342; film head guide groove 343; second guide roller 3 44; film unloading device 350; including unloading bracket 351; unloading guide rail 352; unloading movable table 353; material head clamping cylinder 354; material head clamping claw 355; unloading movable cylinder 356; film cutting device 360; upper cutter bracket 361; upper cutter cylinder 362; upper cutter 363; lower cutter cylinder 364; lower cutter 365; bottom film conveying linear module 371; bottom film conveying cylinder 372; bottom film vacuum suction table 373; top film adsorption Bracket 381; cylinder 382 for conveying the top film; vacuum suction table 383 for the top film; unloading device 4; linear module 410 for unloading; first movable table 420 for unloading; cylinder 430 for unloading; second movable table 440 for unloading; clamping cylinder 450 for unloading; unloading claw 460; film 800; butyl rubber 801; substrate 900; TCO layer 901; first charge transport layer 902; perovskite layer 903; second charge transport layer 904; metal back electrode 905. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] See also Figure 1 , a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell, comprising a substrate 900; The substrate 900 is a thin glass; A TCO layer 901 is provided on both sides of the substrate 900, wherein a first charge transport layer 902 is provided on the outside of the TCO layer 901, and a perovskite layer 903 is provided on the outside of the first charge transport layer. The perovskite layers 903 on both sides of the substrate have different band gaps, one side has a wide band gap, and the other side has a narrow band gap. A second charge transport layer 904 is provided on the outside of the perovskite layer 903, and the second charge transport layer 904 is provided with a metal back electrode 905; The thin glass is ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 0.3±0.02mm. The light transmittance of ultra-clear glass is very high, reaching more than 91.5%; This application uses thin glass as a substrate. Unlike existing commercial perovskite glass devices, this device uses thin glass as a substrate, and perovskite cells with different band gaps are fabricated on the top and bottom sides of the glass. This has the following advantages: First, thinner glass provides higher light transmittance, significantly improving light absorption efficiency. Furthermore, using a thin glass substrate further reduces the cost of the entire production process (PS: thin glass is relatively inexpensive to produce).

[0049] Compared with the two-terminal perovskite / perovskite stacked products, this device structure There is no need to consider the current-voltage matching problem between the top cell and the bottom cell, which will greatly improve the life of the entire perovskite and obtain a perovskite stacked cell with high light utilization. Preparation method of double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell: Using thin glass as the cell substrate, first prepare one side of the perovskite solar cell. The preparation process is as follows: S1. Glass cleaning: The obtained thin glass is washed with deionized water and ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then plasma cleaning and UV ozone cleaning are used to further remove impurities on the glass surface; S2.1. Top electrode preparation: Use magnetron sputtering or other equipment to deposit a TCO layer, i.e., a transparent conductive layer, on the thin glass surface; S2.2, Laser Etching: After the TCO layer is deposited and before the first charge transport layer is deposited, laser etching is performed using an etching device to form independent strip-shaped conductive electrodes to form different sub-cells; S3. Preparation of the first charge transport layer thin film: This can be performed using a PVD device or a coating machine using magnetron sputtering deposition, coating, printing, or the like; S4. Preparation of perovskite thin film: This can be done by coating, printing or deposition using a doctor blade or slot coater; S5. Preparation of the second charge transport layer film: This can be performed using an RPD device or a coater by deposition, coating, printing, or other methods; S6. Laser etching: After the second charge transport layer is deposited and before the metal back electrode is deposited, laser etching is performed using an etching device to remove the second charge transport layer / perovskite layer / first charge transport layer, leaving the TCO layer and forming a gap; S7, evaporation metal back electrode: use PVD equipment or RPD equipment to adopt magnetron sputtering or evaporation deposition methods to prepare the metal back electrode; S8, Laser Etching and Edge Cleaning: Use etching equipment to remove the metal back electrode layer / second charge transport layer / perovskite layer / first charge transport layer of adjacent cells, leaving the TCO layer, and separate each perovskite cell; perform laser P4 scribing to remove excess material at the edge of the cell to ensure the neatness and performance of the cell assembly; In particular, the P4 edge cleaning process is used to collect the current at the bottom through the TCO layer. Therefore, during the battery edge cleaning process, one side of the TCO layer is left as one electrode, and the other side is the metal back electrode, forming a loop to facilitate subsequent processing. S9. Using magnetron sputtering, coat the other side of the device prepared in step S8 with a transparent conductive layer on a thin glass surface while keeping it smooth and clean. Subsequently, perform laser scribing to cut it into different sub-cells. Then, prepare a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a second charge transport layer on the surface of the TCO layer in sequence. The preparation process is consistent with the preparation process on the other side in steps S2.1-S5. Then, perform a second laser etching, and then evaporate the metal back electrode. After completion, perform P3 laser scribing on the prepared perovskite cell to cut it into different perovskite cells. Perform laser P4 scribing to remove excess material at the edge of the cell to ensure the neatness and performance of the cell assembly. In particular, the P4 edge cleaning process is used to collect the current at the bottom through the TCO layer. Therefore, during the battery edge cleaning process, one side of the TCO layer is left as one electrode, and the other side is the metal back electrode, forming a loop to facilitate subsequent processing. S10. The two perovskites may have different formulas, but the preparation process remains basically the same. Perovskite solar cells with different band gaps are prepared on both sides of the thin glass substrate to adapt to the solar spectrum, and two sets of current collection devices are respectively provided on both sides of the thin glass to obtain a perovskite module. S11. Packaging: A circle of butyl adhesive is applied around the upper and lower sides of the perovskite module; then covered with POE or EVA film for laminated packaging. The advantage of edge packaging is that it can reduce the impact on the contact layer and reduce the possibility of side reactions between the packaging material and the perovskite; at the same time, a transparent front panel and back panel are used to seal the battery assembly to protect it from the influence of the external environment.

[0050] In this solution, in step S11, the perovskite module is packaged using packaging equipment; See also Figure 2-11 Specifically, the packaging equipment includes a workbench 1 and a battery module conveying device 2, a film conveying device 3 and a blanking device 4 installed on the workbench 1; The battery module conveying device 2 is used to convey the perovskite modules to be packaged; The film conveying device 3 is used to store and convey the POE or EVA film to be used; The unloading device 4 is used to take out the pressed perovskite module and film; See also Figure 6-8 The battery module conveying device 2 includes a conveyor belt 210, a first battery module transfer device 220, and a second battery module transfer device 230; wherein the first battery module transfer device 220 is used to transfer the perovskite module conveyed by the conveyor belt 210 to the second battery module transfer device 230, and the second battery module transfer device 230 is used to transfer the perovskite module to between two films on the film conveying device 3; The first battery module transferring device 220 includes a first battery module transferring bracket 221, a first battery module horizontal transferring cylinder 223 is fixedly installed on the top of the first battery module transferring bracket 221, a first horizontal transferring plate 224 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first battery module horizontal transferring cylinder 223, a first battery module vertical transferring cylinder 225 is fixedly installed on the side of the first horizontal transferring plate 224, a battery module vertical transferring plate 226 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first battery module vertical transferring cylinder 225, and a battery module vacuum suction cup 222 is fixedly installed on the battery module vertical transferring plate 226; The second battery module transfer device 230 includes a second battery module transfer bracket 231, a second battery module horizontal transfer pneumatic slide 232 is horizontally fixedly installed on the top of the second battery module transfer bracket 231, a second horizontal transfer plate 234 is fixedly installed on the slide of the second battery module horizontal transfer pneumatic slide 232, a front end of the second horizontal transfer plate 234 is provided with a pushing groove 235, and a battery module pushing cylinder 236 is also fixedly installed on the bottom of the second horizontal transfer plate 234, and a battery module pushing plate 233 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the battery module pushing cylinder 236, and the battery module pushing plate 233 is located in the pushing groove 235; When the battery module conveying device 2 is working, the perovskite modules to be packaged are placed on the conveyor belt 210; First, the first battery module transfer device 220 works: the first battery module vertical transfer cylinder 225 drives the battery module vacuum suction cup 222 downward, and when the battery module vacuum suction cup 222 contacts the perovskite module to be packaged, the battery module vacuum suction cup 222 moves to absorb the perovskite module to be packaged, and then the first battery module vertical transfer cylinder 225 drives the battery module vacuum suction cup 222 and the perovskite module to be packaged upward; the first battery module horizontal transfer cylinder 223 extends to move the perovskite module to be packaged to the The first battery module vertical transfer cylinder 225 is driven to the right to the top of the front end of the second horizontal transfer plate 234; the first battery module vertical transfer cylinder 225 is actuated to drive the perovskite module to be packaged downward until the perovskite module to be packaged contacts the second horizontal transfer plate 234, and the battery module vacuum suction cup 222 releases the perovskite module to be packaged, and the perovskite module to be packaged falls in front of the top of the second horizontal transfer plate 234 (i.e., directly above the push slot 235); finally, the first battery module transfer device 220 is reset to prepare to move the next perovskite module to be packaged; Then the second battery module transfer device 230 works: the second battery module horizontal transfer pneumatic slide 232 is actuated to move the second horizontal transfer plate 234 together with the perovskite module to be encapsulated to between the top film and the bottom film (i.e., directly below the top film adsorbed by the top film vacuum suction table 383. At this time, the bottom film conveying linear module 371 of the bottom film conveying structure 320 will move the bottom film vacuum suction table 373 together with the bottom film to a position directly below the top film vacuum suction table 383). The battery module pushing cylinder 236 is actuated to drive the battery module pushing plate 233 to move forward along the pushing groove 235. The battery module pushing plate 233 pushes the perovskite module off the second horizontal transfer plate 234, so that the perovskite module falls on the bottom film. Finally, the second battery module transfer device 230 is reset, ready to receive the next perovskite module to be encapsulated.

[0051] See also Figure 9-10, the film conveying device 3 includes a top film conveying structure 310 and a bottom film conveying structure 320; See also Figure 12 The films 800 output by the top film delivery structure 310 and the bottom film delivery structure 320 are attached with butyl rubber 801, and the butyl rubber 801 on the films 800 is rectangular and evenly spaced. The butyl rubber 801 on the film 800 delivered by the top film delivery structure 310 is located at the bottom of the film 800 , while the butyl rubber 801 on the film 800 delivered by the bottom film delivery structure 320 is located at the top of the film 800 ; The top film conveying structure 310 and the bottom film conveying structure 320 each include a film storage device 330, a film head guide device 340, a film discharge device 350, and a film cutting device 360, which are arranged in sequence; The film storage device 330 includes a film unwinding disc 331 and a film unwinding support 332. The film unwinding disc 331 is rotatably mounted on the top side of the film unwinding support 332. At least two first guide rollers 333 are also mounted on the side of the film unwinding support 332 to guide the film unwound by the film unwinding disc 331. The film head guide device 340 includes a film head guide bracket 341, a film head guide plate 342 disposed on the top of the film head guide bracket 341, and a film head guide groove 343 disposed on the top of the film head guide plate 342 for guiding the film to extend. A second guide roller 344 is rotatably mounted on one side of the front end of the film head guide bracket 341. The second guide roller 344 is configured to receive the film output from the first guide roller 333 and guide it to the film head guide groove 343. The film unloading device 350 includes a unloading bracket 351, a unloading guide rail 352 is provided on the top of the unloading bracket 351, and a unloading movable platform 353 is slidably connected to the unloading guide rail 352 via a slider. A material head clamping cylinder 354 is fixedly installed on the top of the unloading movable platform 353, and a material head clamping claw 355 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the material head clamping cylinder 354; at the same time, a material unloading movable cylinder 356 is also fixedly installed on one side of the unloading bracket 351, and the output shaft of the material unloading movable cylinder 356 is fixedly installed on the side of the unloading movable platform 353; The film cutting device 360 includes an upper cutter support 361, an upper cutter 363 and a lower cutter 365; The upper cutter cylinder 362 is fixedly mounted on the front end of the upper cutter bracket 361, and the upper cutter 363 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the upper cutter cylinder 362; the lower cutter 365 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the lower cutter cylinder 364, and the lower cutter cylinder 364 is fixedly mounted on the side of the unloading bracket 351; When the film needs to be cut, the upper cutter cylinder 362 and the lower cutter cylinder 364 are actuated to drive the upper cutter 363 and the lower cutter 365 to approach and cut the film; When a section of film needs to be cut, the head of the film is manually fed into the film head guide device 340. The head clamping cylinder 354 is actuated to clamp the head of the film. The unloading moving cylinder 356 is actuated to pull the film out. Then, the film cutting device 360 is actuated to cut the film. After that, the unloading moving platform 353 is reset and the next section of film can be pulled out. Except for the first section of film, manual feeding of the head of the film into the film head guide device 340 is not required for subsequent sections. The bottom film conveying structure 320 further includes a bottom film conveying linear module 371. A bottom film conveying cylinder 372 is fixedly mounted on the slider of the bottom film conveying linear module 371. A bottom film conveying vacuum table 373 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the bottom film conveying cylinder 372. The bottom film vacuum table 373 is used to absorb a section of film conveyed by the bottom film conveying structure 320 and move it to directly below the top film vacuum table 383. The top film conveying structure 310 further includes a top film adsorption bracket 381, which is fixedly mounted on the top of the upper cutter bracket 361 of the top film conveying structure 310. A top film conveying cylinder 382 is fixedly mounted on the top of the top film adsorption bracket 381, and a top film vacuum suction table 383 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the top film conveying cylinder 382. The top film vacuum suction table 383 is used to absorb a piece of film conveyed by the top film conveying structure 310. See also Figure 11 The blanking device 4 includes a linear module 410 for blanking, a first mobile platform 420 for blanking is fixedly mounted on the slide of the linear module 410 for blanking, a cylinder 430 for blanking is fixedly mounted on the top of the first mobile platform 420 for blanking, a second mobile platform 440 for blanking is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the cylinder 430 for blanking, a clamping cylinder 450 for blanking is fixedly mounted on the top of the second mobile platform 440 for blanking, and a blanking clamping claw 460 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the clamping cylinder 450 for blanking; When the packaging equipment of the double-sided perovskite four-terminal stacked solar cell of this solution is put into use, the perovskite module to be packaged is placed on the battery module conveying device 2, and the two sets of adhesive films to be used are placed on the adhesive film unwinding disk 331 of the top adhesive film conveying structure 310 and the bottom adhesive film conveying structure 320. First, the film unloading device 350 of the bottom film conveying structure 320 operates to pull out a section of film, and then the film cutting device 360 operates to cut a section of film. The output shaft of the bottom film conveying cylinder 372 of the bottom film conveying structure 320 rises, causing the bottom film vacuum suction table 373 to contact the film. The bottom film vacuum suction table 373 operates to absorb the bottom film. The bottom film conveying linear module 371 operates to move the bottom film to directly below the top film vacuum suction table 383. The film unloading device 350 of the top film conveying structure 310 operates to pull out a section of film, and then the film cutting device 360 operates to cut a section of film. The output shaft of the top film conveying cylinder 382 of the top film conveying structure 310 descends, causing the top film vacuum suction table 383 to contact the film. The top film vacuum suction table 383 operates to absorb the top film. The first battery module transfer device 220 is actuated to move the perovskite module at the end of the conveyor belt 210 onto the second horizontal transfer plate 234 of the second battery module transfer device 230. Then, the second battery module horizontal transfer pneumatic slide 232 of the second battery module transfer device 230 is actuated to move the perovskite module between the top adhesive film and the bottom adhesive film. The battery module push cylinder 236 is actuated to push the perovskite module off the second horizontal transfer plate 234, causing the perovskite module to fall onto the bottom adhesive film. Then, the top adhesive film vacuum suction table 383 is moved downward to fix the adhesive film on the perovskite module. Finally, the unloading device 4 takes out the pressed perovskite module and film, and then sends them into the laminator for compaction and packaging.

[0052] This solution enables the adhesive films on both sides of the perovskite module to be pre-compacted, thereby facilitating subsequent packaging in a laminator.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "left," "right," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "disposed" and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

Claims

1. Double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a substrate, wherein the substrate is a thin glass; A TCO layer is provided on both sides of the substrate, a first charge transport layer is provided on the outer side of the TCO layer, a perovskite layer is provided on the outer side of the first charge transport layer, and the band gaps of the perovskite layers on both sides of the substrate are different, one side has a wide band gap and the other side has a narrow band gap, a second charge transport layer is provided on the outer side of the perovskite layer, and the second charge transport layer is provided with a metal back electrode; The thin glass is ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 0.3±0.02mm.

2. A method for preparing a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Using thin glass as the cell substrate, first prepare one side of the perovskite solar cell. The preparation process is as follows: S1, glass cleaning, the thin glass is washed with deionized water and ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then plasma cleaning and UV ozone cleaning are used to further remove impurities on the glass surface; S2.

1. Top electrode preparation: Use magnetron sputtering to deposit a TCO layer on the thin glass surface; S2.2, Laser Etching: After the TCO layer is deposited and before the first charge transport layer is deposited, laser etching is performed using an etching device to form independent strip-shaped conductive electrodes to form different sub-cells; S3. preparing a first charge transport layer thin film by magnetron sputtering deposition using a PVD device; S4. Preparing a perovskite thin film: using a slit coater and a coating method; S5. preparing a second charge transport layer thin film: using an RPD device by a deposition method; S6. Laser etching: After the second charge transport layer is deposited and before the metal back electrode is deposited, laser etching is performed using an etching device to remove the second charge transport layer / perovskite layer / first charge transport layer, leaving the TCO layer and forming a gap; S7, evaporation of metal back electrode: using PVD equipment to adopt magnetron sputtering deposition method to prepare the metal back electrode; S8, laser etching and edge cleaning: Use etching equipment to remove the metal back electrode layer / second charge transport layer / perovskite layer / first charge transport layer of adjacent cells, leaving the TCO layer, and separate each perovskite cell; Laser P4 scribing is performed to remove excess material from the edge of the battery to ensure the neatness and performance of the battery assembly. The P4 edge cleaning process is used to collect the current at the bottom through the TCO layer. Therefore, during the battery edge cleaning process, one side of the TCO layer is left as one electrode, and the other side is the metal back electrode, forming a circuit to facilitate subsequent processing. S9. Using magnetron sputtering, a TCO layer is deposited on the other side of the device prepared in step S8 while maintaining a smooth and clean surface. Laser scribing is then performed to separate the sub-cells. A first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a second charge transport layer are then sequentially deposited on the surface of the TCO layer, using the same preparation process as in steps S2.1-S5. Then, a second laser etching is performed, followed by evaporation of the metal back electrode. After completion, the prepared perovskite cell is subjected to P3 laser scribing to cut it into different perovskite cells. Laser P4 scribing is performed to remove excess material from the cell edge, ensuring the neatness and performance of the cell assembly. The P4 edge cleaning process is used to collect the current at the bottom through the TCO layer. S10. The formulas of the above two perovskite layers may be different, but the preparation process remains basically the same. Perovskite solar cells with different band gaps are prepared on both sides of the thin glass substrate to adapt to the sunlight spectrum, and two sets of current collection devices are respectively installed on both sides of the thin glass to obtain a perovskite module. S11. Packaging: A circle of butyl adhesive is applied around the upper and lower sides of the perovskite module; then covered with POE or EVA film for laminated packaging. The advantage of edge packaging is that it can reduce the impact on the contact layer and reduce the possibility of side reactions between the packaging material and the perovskite; at the same time, a transparent front panel and back panel are used to seal the battery assembly to protect it from the influence of the external environment.

3. A packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell, characterized in that: It includes a workbench and a battery module conveying device, a film conveying device and a material unloading device installed on the workbench; The battery module conveying device is used to convey the perovskite modules to be packaged; The film conveying device is used to store and convey the POE or EVA film to be used; The unloading device is used to take out the pressed perovskite module and film; The battery module conveying device includes a conveyor belt, a first battery module transfer device, and a second battery module transfer device; wherein the first battery module transfer device is used to transfer the perovskite module conveyed by the conveyor belt to the second battery module transfer device, and the second battery module transfer device is used to transfer the perovskite module to between two films on the film conveying device; The film conveying device includes a top film conveying structure and a bottom film conveying structure; the films delivered by the top and bottom film conveying structures are attached with butyl rubber, and the butyl rubber on the films is generally rectangular and evenly spaced; the butyl rubber on the film delivered by the top film conveying structure is located at the bottom of the film, while the butyl rubber on the film delivered by the bottom film conveying structure is located at the top of the film; the top and bottom film conveying structures each include a film storage device, a film head guide device, a film discharge device, and a film cutting device arranged in sequence; The bottom film conveying structure further includes a linear module for conveying the bottom film, a bottom film conveying cylinder is fixedly mounted on the slider of the linear module for conveying the bottom film, and a bottom film vacuum suction table is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the bottom film conveying cylinder; the bottom film vacuum suction table is used to absorb a section of the film conveyed by the bottom film conveying structure and move it to just below the top film vacuum suction table; The top film conveying structure also includes a top film adsorption bracket, which is fixedly installed on the top of the upper cutter bracket of the top film conveying structure. A top film conveying cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the top film adsorption bracket, and a top film vacuum suction table is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the top film conveying cylinder. The top film vacuum suction table is used to adsorb a piece of film conveyed by the top film conveying structure.

4. The packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first battery module transferring device includes a first battery module transferring bracket, a first battery module horizontal transferring cylinder is horizontally fixedly installed on the top of the first battery module transferring bracket, a first horizontal transferring plate is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first battery module horizontal transferring cylinder, a first battery module vertical transferring cylinder is vertically fixedly installed on the side of the first horizontal transferring plate, a battery module vertical transferring plate is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first battery module vertical transferring cylinder, and a battery module vacuum suction cup is fixedly installed on the battery module vertical transferring plate.

5. The packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second battery module transferring device includes a second battery module transferring bracket, a second battery module horizontal transferring pneumatic slide is horizontally fixedly installed on the top of the second battery module horizontal transferring pneumatic slide, a second horizontal transferring plate is fixedly installed on the slide of the second battery module horizontal transferring pneumatic slide, a pushing groove is provided at the front end of the second horizontal transferring plate, a battery module pushing cylinder is also fixedly installed at the bottom of the second horizontal transferring plate, a battery module pushing plate is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the battery module pushing cylinder, and the battery module pushing plate is located in the pushing groove.

6. The packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The film storage device includes a film unwinding disk and a film unwinding bracket. The film unwinding disk is rotatably arranged on the top side of the film unwinding bracket. At the same time, at least two first guide rollers are also arranged on the side of the film unwinding bracket to guide the film unwound by the film unwinding disk.

7. The packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The film head guide device includes a film head guide bracket, a film head guide plate is provided on the top of the film head guide bracket, and a film head guide groove is also provided on the top of the film head guide plate for guiding the film to extend; at the same time, a second guide roller is rotatably installed on one side of the front end of the film head guide bracket, and the second guide roller is used to receive the film output by the first guide roller and guide it to the film head guide groove.

8. The packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The film unloading device includes a unloading bracket, a unloading guide rail is provided on the top of the unloading bracket, and a unloading movable platform is slidably connected to the unloading guide rail through a slider, a material head clamping cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the unloading movable platform, and a material head clamping claw is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the material head clamping cylinder; at the same time, a unloading movable cylinder is also fixedly installed on one side of the unloading bracket, and the output shaft of the unloading movable cylinder is fixedly installed on the side of the unloading movable platform.

9. The packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The film cutting device includes an upper cutter bracket, an upper cutter and a lower cutter; the front end of the upper cutter bracket is fixedly mounted with an upper cutter cylinder, and the upper cutter is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the upper cutter cylinder; the lower cutter is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the lower cutter cylinder, and the lower cutter cylinder is fixedly mounted on the side of the discharge bracket.

10. The packaging device for a double-sided perovskite four-terminal tandem solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The blanking device includes a linear module for blanking, a first movable table for blanking is fixedly installed on the slide of the linear module for blanking, a cylinder for blanking is fixedly installed on the top of the first movable table for blanking, a second movable table for blanking is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the cylinder for blanking, a clamping cylinder for blanking is fixedly installed on the top of the second movable table for blanking, and a blanking clamping claw is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the clamping cylinder for blanking.

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